A Short and Easy

A SHORT A ND EASY

MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR

C a r l W ied l o t

A SHORT AND EASY

MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

W ITH

MMA TI A L D A T A EX E I GRA C A N CONVERS ION L RC SES,

ID I MA TI PR VERBIAL PHRASES AND O C, O , B ULA Y F ULL VOCA R .

FTER THE GERMAN OF CARL WIED

MARY GARDNER

WITH A PREFACE BY ERNEST GARD NER M A , . .

FELLOW O F G O VILLE A ND AIU O LLEGE AMBRI GE N C S C , C D , A ND R E BR F DI CTO R. O F THE ITISH SCHO O L O ARCHAEO LO GY A T ATHENS

I onbon D A V ID NUTT 2 70 AND 2 7 1 STRAND

1 892 R I HAR LAY A ND O S IMITE C D C S N , L D , LO D B NDO N AN UNG AY .

(Allrights reserved . ) ’

TRANSLATO R S PREFACE.

MY very hearty t hanks are d ue to allwho have so kin dly helped

V me m t t as F st m st t a Mr V ied an d t a e in y sligh k . ir I u h nk . , k the O pportunity t o ask his pardon for the amount of a lteration an d rearrangement of his text which I have found it impo ssib le t o a Mr L a h as a m an d t a s . e at e void . gr nd lso y gr itud h nk for — his a a e t a es F e - G ee a n d G ee - F en h inv lu bl dic ion ri r nch r k , r k r c ; their ample information an d clear a rrangement were a great help .

Mr N e E ea I a m e te his ess i n To . o l of ubo ind b d for kindn putting an ex ten sive knowledge of th e vernacular id ioms to use

e an d e t t se ted a n d to Mr am in looking ov r corr c ing ho ci , . Willi

th i D r a t e Lo ring for similar help with e voca bulary wh le . W l r

Leaf h as completed th e tale of my ind eb tedness by looking o v er

O t s a e m e I e n o t e t b th e proofs . h er who h ve h lped n ed m n ion y name b ut it is n o t o ut of place t o a cknowl edge here my thanks t o m s a Mr E s G a e to a t he . e t e t y hu b nd , rn rdn r , whos cons n lp a e the es i x lon book ow ts e istence .

I h 0 pe that th e book will b e useful to allwho vi sit Greece

I s h o uld have been glad of something of the sort myself some

ea s a o y r g .

MARY GARDNER .

THE Nov. 1 89 1 . A NS ,

PREFACE.

IT is hop ed that this translation of a Grammar of th e Mod ern

G ee R a a ua e a s it is s e th e Le a t r k or om ic l ng g , pok n in v n , will

e E a The t th e a a e supply a ne d in ngl nd . condi ion of l ngu g

ese t s me a e f t es e e to G ee s t e se es pr n innu r bl di ﬁcul i v n r k h m lv , much more therefore t o foreigners who would l earn to spea k an d

A n d th e a se e an ﬁ x e an d e rea d Modern Greek . b nc of y d r cog n ised ta a a at a a a a e e s tax s nd rd of gr mm ic l ccur cy, of ccid nc , of yn ,

a u a t e h as led a to a e the asse t of voc b l ry, or of s yl , m ny m k r ion t t t e s t as a M e G ee a a e at all ha h re is no uch hing od rn r k l ngu g .

St a e t o sa it is a th e G ee t e e e t at t r ng y, mong r ks h ms lv s h his

h t t e et is a ssertion h a s found t e stronges suppor ers . Th ir m hod t o ignore th e Modern Greek or Romaic t ongue as dialectical an d h an d t o ﬁ x e a t a ta a ast t me sa ybrid , on som rbi r ry s nd rd of p i s , y ‘ th e Greek of th e New Testament or even of X enophon th ey a t ee t at th e t e th e t e an d e a th e dmi ind d h fu ur , inﬁni iv , p rh ps

at e a e a e o ut use b ut e e t ese t e are a x s d iv , h v f ll n of v n h h y n iou t o e t e an d t t ese ex e t s t e ma e a r s or , , wi h h c p ion , h y would k pro f essed l M e G ee G amma e t a t o all te t an d y od rn r k r r id n ic l , in n s

es t a a a the A e t G ee Ko w . A n d it purpos , wi h gr mm r of nci n r k ﬁ mu st b e admitted that man y newspapers an d books are published in Greece which are intelligible t o an y schol ar who is familiar

t A e t G e an d h as ea t s e f ew m an d e wi h nci n r ek, l rn om idio s p ri phrases which even th e strictest imitators of Classical Greek v R C iii P EFA E .

s e a e in e a e Fo r th e t e t ﬁnd indi p ns bl mod rn us g . s ud n who wi shes t o l earn this artiﬁcial language th e present Grammar is n o t

te e But h e st n o t ma e t at h e hi in nd d . mu i gin h will ﬁnd s

e e use t o t a e G ee e an knowl dg of much him in r v lling in r c , or in y

He ma b a to other part of th e Levant . y e ble converse with an educated A thenian who h a s learnt t hi s same artiﬁcial tongue an d is e a s t o b e a e t o s ea F e Ita a o r who sur l o bl p k r nch , li n ,

E But t ee e an d s e a ts etee at nglish . wi h shopk p rs rv n , mul rs, bo m en an d easa t s— all ee t m h e to s ea , p n ind d wi h who will wish p k in his travel s outside th e pale of European l anguages an d

at h m e te a e to m at e e . civilis ion , will ﬁnd hi s lf qui un bl co munic

h G amma th e t e a e ea to t ea M e T is r r, on o h r h nd , nd vours ch od rn

b th m The atte t is a Greek as it is spok en y e co mon people. mp

f t o n e t e e is a s h as ee sa xe sta a di ﬁcul ; h r , b n id , no ﬁ d nd rd of

e t ess an d th e a e t a a at a e to a e is corr c n , di l c ic l v ri ion from pl c pl c

s e a e But a ea a t th e M ea n o t ea con id r bl . p s n of or would r lly have a difﬁ culty in m aking hims elf und erstood if h e found

mse S a C u t h is s ee an d ro n u n hi lf in myrn or ypr s , hough p ch p ciatio n might seem peculiar an d if this book c an give some notion of th e common an d living basis which underlies th e whole

t D t th e s e e G ee e it n o t b e e ess . e pok n ongu of r c , will us l oub l ss stud ent will notice small variations from th e forms or rules h ere l a id down in almost an y pl ace where h e may ﬁnd himself b ut these w se e e t him e n e st w e h e s ea s o r ill ldom pr v n from b i g und r ood h n p k ,

m th a w h s e r e e e at e ea . s h e fro r cognising m ning of h h r Thu , if

es th e m est e e a es o f e sa ea an d w e th e quir si pl n c ss ri lif , y br d in , ' ’ w u an d K a t em him e e e t e e are words Ip p p m. will ﬁnd h for wh r v r h r

G ee s to ea but th e a e t (Si -ra an d o il/0 w h e r k h r nci n words p g 9 , hich will

s me an d ew s a e e t a n o t b e e ﬁnd in o books n p p rs , will c r inly und r st e e t u h e ma ask in an A t e a s t d m ood , v n ho gh y h ni n hop wi h p

' '‘ - - e th e WO Ieio v or otyo n Ie Io v written in archaic letters ov r door .

s G a a its E s is te e t o b e se u Thi r mm r , in ngli h form , in nd d u f l especially to cl assical scholars who pos sess already some famili PREFACE . ix arit t A e t G ee an d are an x t o ea th y wi h nci n r k, ious l rn e mod ern

a a e e t e th e a e a t t a e l ngu g i h r for s k of f cili y in r v lling , or from int erest in th e historica l d evelopment of the language an d its

A t th ame t modern lit erature. e s im e no knowledge of

A e t G ee is as me ex e t ea t ms a es nci n r k su d c p in d ling wi h for , us g , or

s e e t o th e as a a ua s idiom which prop rly b long cl sic l l ng ge . Thu th e G amma ma b e se a s b t se th t a e us r r y u d l o y ho who , wi ou pr vio

e e A e t G ee s t o a e a a t a ac uain knowl dg of nci n r k , wi h cquir pr c ic l q t a e t th e e t e nc wi h mod rn ongu . A f ewword s m ay b e a dd ed as to th e rel a tion of th e study of

It h as s m t m s a A ncient an d Mod ern Greek . o e i e been s serted that a conversational acquaintanc e with Modern Greek would b e

e as a a s th e a s t C as a G ee at us ful b si for cqui i ion of l sic l r k , or

a t it t But it st th e st a l east as help o s s udy . mu in ﬁr pl ce b e rememb ered that by Mod ern Greek thos e who a dopt this view

n o t ea th e a a e as s e b th e m e e do m n l ngu g pok n y com on p opl , b ut t at a t a em - ass a a e t tte b s e an d h r iﬁci l s i cl ic l di l c wri n y om ,

b a f ew St e e t s a e t t b Bu s e . e ta t t pok n y ill , v n hi di l c migh ugh . the fact is that th e whol e tendency of Mod ern Greek is so diff erent from that of A ncient that it is much t o b e doubt ed whether a knowl edge of o n e would greatly facilitate th e

th t M e G ee t its a s t e e . cqui i ion of o h r od rn r k , wi h compound t e ses an d es e a ses an a a t a a a e st a s n r olv d c , is n ly ic l l ngu g j u

A n d e e t se wh o are st a e u the se e English is . v n ho mo c r f l in l c tion of a purely clas sical vocabulary cannot escape th e inﬂuence

F an d G e a m e t th e a a te o f of rench rm n idio s , which d s roy ch r c r th e a a e an d are m st f t t o a e e me l ngu g , o di ﬁcul void if onc b co a a t e e is tt e e t t at ex tel e e t f mili r . Thus h r li l l f of h quisi y p rf c in ﬂexio n al t e t ex e th e A e t G ee lan ins rum n of pr ssion , nci n r k g uage an d th e intellectual training off ered b y its accurate an d

e ti a u s t m ete a ea it b e t a t sci n ﬁc cq i i ion co pl ly dis pp rs , if ugh merely as an analytical language in a transitional stage to th e student of the history of language such a st age is most inter PREFACE . esting an d instructive ; b ut n o t so to a beginn er whose mind is

t a n a ate m t x s t o b e r ined in a n ew a d ccur e hod of e pre sion . Th e future of the Greek l anguage will b e watched with the utmo st int erest it is ex pos ed t o most s erious d anger for there is some doubt whether it is strong enough to s urvive the a ttempt a t a cla ssica l an d artiﬁcial renovation that is n o w being m ade an attem t n o t to e e t all s e b ut to p only r j c word of for ign origin ,

t t o th a e e an d the ass a t m Su re urn e ccid nc idiom of cl ic l i es . ch a rude a mputation of th e growt h of 2 000 years c annot safely b e e me S th a as l p rfor d . hould e dvocat es of cl sica revival attain t e e t G ee e t e G ee w ease t o b e u tua h ir obj c in r c , h n r ks ill c m lly

te e t t th e Le a t ex e t an a t a in lligibl hroughou v n , c p in r iﬁci lly construct ed dialec t an d n o people has ever yet consciou sly

e te a a a e est e a ea o n e to th e e a inv n d l ngu g , or r or d d d lif of popul r s ee a te it had we th e a se e a an d a n a p ch , f r follo d ordin ry cour of d c y lyticalregeneration which h as prod uced nearly allth e languages

e E e at th e ese t d a Ma th e est ed u spok n in urop pr n y . ny of b cated Greeks are fully a wa re that an y reform an d puriﬁcatio n of the Romaic t ongue must s tart from th e language now learnt by ’ he e e at t e t e s ee an d e its a a t p opl h ir mo h r kn , nrich voc bul ry without a l tering its essential n ature an d it is t o b e hoped that the more moderate counsels of t his body may prevailover the

s ex t th e ext m u sts ra h perimen of re e p ri . The analogy of another l anguage that h as pa ssed through the same sta is t t In th a t t e e e e ge ins ruc ive . e d ays of D n e h r w r ma sts wh o es se th e a t e Ita an d ny puri d pi d vulg r ongu of ly, thought that anci ent Latin was the only l anguage ﬁ t for an e ate man to s a Ha d n o t th e m e ta duc d pe k or write . onum n l work of the great Florentine at onc e raised the vernac ular t o a

te a a ua e it is e e ss e t at a eu - ass a li r ry l ng g , v n po ibl h frigid ps do cl ic l Latin might have ﬁrst strangled th e popula r ton g ue an d then

e a at a eat In G ee e t e e a re a s an d di d n ur l d h . r c h r m ny ongs

a a s an d e e s e se s t te th e t e a a e b ll d , v n om pro work wri n in ru l ngu g xi PREFACE .

of the people ; an d th e inﬂuence of allis needed t o strengt hen

at a a th e a e s it is n o w as n t e e th l ngu ge in d ng r p si g hrough . Th r are already many indications that th e popular tongue is b egin

If its m w ha t o e a t he st e . e e e t s ning pr v il in ruggl d v lop n , hich

ee eta e n th e a t t ea b the as a ma a b n r rd d duri g l s ﬁf y y rs y cl sic l ni ,

b e e a a a e its ee se t e e is tt e t t at onc g in llow d fr cour , h r li l doub h it will b e very rapid ; Mod ern Greek only requir es a littl e organi sation an d a cad emic acknowledgm en t on th e part of educated Greeks to t ake its d ue pl ac e a mong the an alytica l mod ern langu ages of Europe an d then it s position will b e

e ea as it es a m st th e sam e e at to A n e t uniqu , b ring do l o r l ion ci n

h a a a es a t o Lat Greek which t e Rom nce l ngu g be r in . Th e difﬁcult question of pronunciation c annot here b e entirely

asse e es e a a s t se a at e ea A e t p d ov r, p ci lly ho who dvoc l rning nci n Greek by mean s of Modern of ten assert th e identity of pro n un

c iatio n etw e th tw o In t h e at s a t s b e n e . pronunci ion of con on n

t he e e e e n o t s o eat t h th e ea e div rg nc in principl is gr , houg w k ning an d a ssimilat ion that h as t ak en pl ac e in Mod ern Greek involves

n s e a e a e an d is e us t o a ea e e co id r bl ch ng s , v ry conf ing l rn r, wh n

’ h e ﬁnd s h e mu st pronounce Bepm- ep as th e G erm an name Weber ’ o r t at s ame is e ese te b Mﬂ ' a f wv e h e h Byron n r pr n d y p , or wh n

’ e ses th e m e SeW - o t e e a am a r cogni in od rn p ( r ) f ili r word , of which ‘ th e st 8 is a s t t h w e th e se h as a e it s ﬁr of , hil cond only s v d sound

But it is tw o ts by ch anging it s writ ten symbol . poin chi eﬂy that are m a tters of con troversy ; th e pronunciation of vowel s an d

th e pronunci ation according t o accent . Th at an y should seriously a s sert that t he Mod ern Greek

at we s w 7 I) a 0 1 m a re all ab so pronunci ion of vo l , in hich 7, L, , , , ,

lu tely id entical in s o und , is t h e sam e as th e A ncient Greek

at m a seem e e t o an E s s a et pronunci ion , y incr dibl y ngli h chol r ; y

t s s st em A e t G ee i s a t a e a s e t b hi y , for nci n r k , c u lly uph ld corr c y

a G ee an d s me E s e so t at it ma n o t be s e m ny r ks o ngli hm n , h y up r

ﬁ uo us t o t e o n e two a ume t th e t e s e. F t a s no or rg n s on o h r id irs , xii PREFACE .

' t o euphony - let an y o n e pronounce a fter the Modern Greek fashion o i viol3Xo usv i few y (which may b e tra nsliterated ee

ee- eé éhee- en t ee ee eé- ee- an an d t e as e t h e can t at n y ) , h n s r , if , h Greek in this form is a language likely t o b e tolerated by a

t a ee a e at ea t t e as to a t people wi h k n ppr ci ion for b u y h n , mbigui y, is it probable t hat there was no distinction in pronunci ation

w th e t an d se e s a t he t at b et een ﬁrs cond p r on plur l of pronoun , h

’ we a n d yo u were id entical ? Yet according t o th e modern

an d are t eem é But the pronunciation ﬁn d ; ﬁnd ; bo h e ss . una n swerable arg ument is thi s if there were no distinction s in

at st t s s e n a se a n d e e pronunci ion , how did di inc ion in p lli g ri , how w r they preserved ? A n y stud ent of early in scription s knows that

the G ee s b a ad a an d t e ta t e ess a te th e r k , y gr u l n iv proc , dop d

P e a s to ex ess t e s e e n o t a t o ho nici n symbol pr h ir p ch , ccording

a u es e at b ut ac t o the an d philologic l r l of d riv ion , cording sound each dialect a dapted t he charac ters t o express the sound it used

s e a e ts e te 0 1) b 0 t e b O Y a t o th e om di l c d no d y , o h rs y , ccording

a t t e a t Y et t e is n o t a sha w o f bre d h of h ir pronunci ion . h re do

e a a e e e an e e a n the pigr phic l vid nc for y g n r l confusion , duri g

as a e et ee the ff e e t s se t o e te cl sic l p riod , b w n di r n symbol u d d no

t w M o h e sounds hich in odern Greek have b ecome id entical . S

a s the e a s ee it e et ate a s to soon confusion b g n in p ch , p n r d l o in

’ w t a s w a s e ta e t us is fte tte a ter ri ing , in vi bl ; h Ka c o n wri n KE f

t he t t u A D n d a a e . . a t e e a t e . T t hird c n ry , loc lly li l rli r ha

t s ta e ac e at t s e an d n o t e e in hi confusion did k pl hi p riod , b for , writing may b e t aken as an unan s werable proof that it di d n o t Y ex st e e s ee . et t a e to sa t s e a t is i b for in p ch , s r ng y, hi v ry f c quoted by some t o prove that in classic al times th e pronunciation

w a s use is th conf d . Which e tru e inference m ay fairly b e left to

t he e s an e e ea e On th e t e a d ci ion of y unpr judic d r d r. o h r h nd a ,

an d I st a a a e ee s a s s are se , which mu lw ys h v b n imil r ound , confu d in writing in Boeotia an d sometimes even in A t tica as early as h t t B t e C . at a s a s n four h cen ury . Th imil r confu ion does o t occur x PREFACE . iii

t s t at a e e e e e t a ex e t a few in o her ounds h h v sinc b com id n ic l , c p in late or dialectical in scription s in which th e beginning of this t e c an b e see a s ffi e t t at in th e end ncy n , is u ci n proof h common G ee the e t e ex ste r k of b s p riod no such confusion i d .

W e E are at a a a ta e s s n t s atte nglish dis dv n g in di cus i g hi m r, beca use th e system now used in our schools an d universities

s e t s t t t t E is obviou ly incorr c , in ubs i u ing our hin nglish vo wel scale of a e i for t he broad er sound s almost universal among other languages (it would b e a simple change d But t o o e a a a s a s at e an s o . pron unc lw y in f h r, on) e e te t a a w e at east e e e th e v n in spi of his dr wb ck , do l pr s rv d t t n et ee the ff e e t e an d ee t e e at e is inc io b w n di r n vow ls, k p h ir r l iv

a es a x ate e t an d t e e e at v lu ppro im ly corr c ; h r for our pronunci ion , e e w t t e is e t o o n e s s allth e e s v n i hou r form , sup rior which ink vow l t o e ; while a s light reform would bring our syst em v ery n ear to c orrectnes s by restoring the true Erasmia n pronunciation

e we a a the est at b a e t Wh n ppro ch qu ion of pronunci ion y cc n , we are on more delicate ground for here th e practice of many

e h a a t us A n d we for ign scholars is wi th t e mod ern Greeks g ins . must at once ackn owl edge that it is our English practice t o

e the a e t a t et e s ee t at t e e e e ignor cc n s l og h r in p ch , so h h y b com pur ly c e t a s an d a exat t t o th e lea e an d onv n ion l igns , v ion of spiri rn r

t o a a t G even some imes t the dv nced studen of A ncient reek . That a familiarity with Mod ern Greek pronunciation would b e a great help in this respect ca nnot b e d enied ; b ut whether this pronunciation aff ords a true indication of classical usage is

e a t st et e th a t A e t G quit no her que ion . Wh h r e ccen in nci n reek was a t a e t s e t e at e n o t ea e pi ch cc n , or of om o h r n ur sy for mod rn ea s to d ete t an d is a fﬁ t an d ate e t r c follow , di cul complic d qu s ion

a s But t e are ea which c nnot h ere b e di cus sed . h re very cl r indi

at t at it was n o t a s a t e a t ess a e t as c ions h in cl s ic l im s s r cc n , such t at e M e an d M E s e h now us d in od rn Greek odern ngli h . Wh re t e e a ﬁ xe te t e a e t th e n an d s t h r is d sys m of s r ss cc n s , lo g hor xiv PREFACE .

a t t e s st a t e sa ea a s M e G ee qu n i y of vow l mu onc di pp r, in od rn r k ,

e e 0 a n d w sta e are st s a e a wh r for in nc indi ingui h bl in pronunci tion .

Th e e e e et ee ms e t matt f vid nc of po ry s conclusiv on his er . I

e b st ess a e t an A e t G ee pronounc d y r cc n , y nci n r k verse is in d istin i gu sh able from prose a n d in reading A ncient Greek poetry th e order of t he word s m ay b e a n d is often inverted by a Modern

G ee t t an s m t e t e t o ea e t o ea r k wi hou y di co for i h r r d r or h rer .

Th e a t is t at a s s a s a st ess a e t e f c , h oon r cc n b comes predominant

at alls a s e se st b b t in pronunci ion , c n ion of v r mu e y hat a n d that a e as it is E s a n d M e G ee an d lon , in ngli h in od rn r k ; a s it came t o b e G ee e t s a e ha d t a a n in r k wh n hi ch ng ken pl c e. A d there

e i n a t e w t e s as M e G ee a e for , Byz n in ri r , in od rn r k cc nt alon e

e th e e se e b a e t S es rul s v r pronounc d y cc n , ophocl

Q 3 I ‘ I ' ex ecs T L K 6 L0 77K0 v0 a 9 77 Ad i/ Go y a

’ is u e se an d su a e a s et es p r pro , only ch lin Tz z

I A A a I ‘ - a I Ay o pa k ptﬂ p xa pn a s 71 0 c 1 1 9 epwp evcp

at all ass a et w a s s c an b e scann ed a s verse . Th cl ic l po ry cann ed b a n a b t a s st e m w h ad e at t o th e a tua y r i r ry y , hich no r l ion c l

u a t th e a a e is s e a a a x is n o t pron nci ion of l ngu g , ur ly p r do which

u A n d t s e ta a e e th e e t s ss . e a wor h di c ing hi c r inly would h v b n c s , if th e pronu nciation of th e accent ed sylla ble in A ncient Greek

a t a M r s wa s similar t o th he rd in od e n Greek peech .

s m h as ee sa s me t t e s Thu uch b n id upon o poin s of con rov r y, b ecau se th ey are u sually rais ed by th e advoc a tes of th e a dvantage of learning Mod ern Greek ; an d by putting this study upon a a se t t e e t e a tt a t st e t s m ta e eas s f l foo ing , h y i h r r c ud n for is k n r on ,

t em b asse t s w a ass a s a e e t or repel h y r ion hich cl ic l chol r will r s n .

No w a a t m t ese e e us s e at s M e G ee is p r fro h rron o con id r ion , od rn r k of th e greatest u tility an d int ere st a n d in its present developed

a e it ma w e att a t m a t o st the a a e st g y ll r c ny udy living l ngu g .

n the t e a t o a e ema e 2000 ea s t t a e O o h r h nd , h v r in d y r wi hou ch ng x v PRE FACE .

e e e t a m a at as s e ma e or d v lopm n in gr m r or pronunci ion , om i gin t o b the a e t M e G ee b e a eat e c s wi h od rn r k , would proof of d h

at e t a ta t a a a e r h r h n of vi li y in l ngu g . Nothing could b e more arbitrary th an th e distinction made by

e th e sts G ee e a a e t e e me t som of puri in r c , who pp r n ly d ﬁn d evelop n or improvement as a cha n ge w hich t ook pl a ce in th e classical ’ a e the ese t e t an d t as a a e g or in pr n c n ury, corrup ion ch ng ’ w t a e m a a t m hich ook pl c during edi ev l i es .

It ma n o t b e s e s t o a d d a f ew w s m a a t a y up rﬂuou ord , fro pr c ic l

t V e as t o th e t t a e e A e t ee poin of i w, u ili y of knowl dg of nci n Gr k

ea th e M e a a e It is s t at s in l rning od rn l ngu g . obviou h uch

e e mu t b e a e eat e an d is ee s e sa e knowl dg s v ry gr h lp , ind d indi p n bl

a t u an d e t st th R ma u Y et s e t e . for horo gh ci n iﬁc udy of o ic ong ,

a a x a a s it ma seem I a e se e a sta es in p r do ic l y , h v known v r l in nc which tho se who started without an y kno wledg e of A nci ent G reek m ade even more rapid progress at ﬁrst th an others w h o e e th e same a t es ea an d a e e njoy d f cili i for l rning , knowl dg of h A e t a a e as e No r I e e e t es t to t e nci n l ngu g w ll . do b li v his r ul

a e ee d ue e t e t o a e t O t e e th e a s a h v b n n ir ly ccid n . f n , whil cl s ic l stud en t is ran sacking his memory for th e ancient w ord or idiom

seems t o st e m st e t o e o r which him mo Simpl or o lik ly surviv , whil e h e is trying t o ﬁ t th e sound s h e b ears into th e sp elling of “

me a e t m his a a e t ess w e - e u e m a so nci n for , pp r n ly l ll q ipp d co p nion will have learnt or r ecognised th e word commonly u sed by th e

e e h e a m a e e s t e p opl is ong . To m k quick progr s in ﬁrs b ginning

M e G ee two t s are e essa —fi rst t o ea n it b ear od rn r k hing n c ry , l r y an d n o t by eye otherwise th e confu sing spelling an d the variety of symbols that may d enote o n e sound will make it a lmo st m s s e to e e at st an e an d e i po ibl r cognis fir y spok n word s condly , t o et t th e m st a a s an d are m aste e forg , un il o f mili r word idioms r d , t at an s an a e as a s a G x ts In a t h y uch l gu g cl s ic l reek e is . shor t e se t e are a a t a a G ee im , of cour , hos who f mili r wi h cl ssic l r k will find their knowledge invaluable for enlarging their vocabulary x vi PREFACE .

— an d for ex pl aining u sages n o t t o spea k of reading book s an d

ew a e But it t b e e t at al n sp p rs . mus born in mind h ldialects now in use for an y purpo se vary between the two extremes of classica l G reek an d th e Romaic of popular speech an d that anybody who knows both will ﬁnd h e can by th e help of his knowledge under stand an y compromi se o r mixture that he may come across

e he ea s at t e a om e he a a whil if l rn only wh is i s lf c promis , is lw ys liable t o meet som e n ew dialect constructed on diff erent lines or

n t s compounded in d iﬁ ere t propor ion . It is impo ssible to ﬁnd an y Mod ern Greek whi ch can b e set up as a universally recognised sta ndard ; b ut the cla ssica l schola r who h as learn t the true spoken tongu e need n ever b e unable to

ex a an the e e a h e ma eet t o pl in y of ph nom n y m , or und ersta nd an d make himself understood in an y written or spoken dialect h u which e may have occasion to se . E T G RNES ARDNER .

THE No v 1 8 1 S 9 . A N , .

CONTENTS.

A LPHABET

V OW ELS

D II’ HTHONG S

CONS ONAN TS

THE A RTIC LE AND T HE N O UN

THE ADJEC TIV E

THE V ERB

EX ERC ISES IN CO NJ UGA TION

AD V ERBS

CO N JU N CTION S AND INTERJ EC TIO NS

ID IO MS v d oA BULA RY

A SHORT AND EASY

MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

THE A LP A E H B T.

a a s ma te s ames r a . t . u . C pit l S ll l et r N . P on nci ion > ” i a AA . a a a lph .

d b B ‘ra v eeta ﬁ .

ﬁ Pé La ha ma p/ g m . ' P A eA'ra e ta dh l . ” E al iln gbtko v ps o . Zﬁra z eeta s’ ‘ H r eta . m. c

691 th eeta . 77 0 .

A I d a mr a ee t .

K afwira kappa .

ha A ct lamv d . 5 3 80, / , m Mi} ee .

n ee .

x ee .

omicron .

pee.

rho . m sig a .

t af .

i n eéps lo .

f e e . kh ee .

psee . émegh a B ‘ 2. H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

V WELS O .

N B — Th . . e following table is put i n a d eﬁnite way for th e sake of clearness ; though th e vo wel - sound s vary irregularly et ee the two ext e s e a a b w n r me sound giv n in e ch c se.

Th e e s are e e m vow l s v n in nu ber.

e are e as s ea e a s Th y pronounc d follow , ch vow l v rying in ound a ccording t o a cc ent an d circumstances

t a a . ac e e e a at e dAa ro n. c n d , lik in f h r, y , milk p gh l

a e te w Fr ma e KaAd k aloss . un cc n d , . ll , s, good

’ a i e te e a a e e c a ron . a . cc n d , lik in n m , x p , h nd p h ri ’ w d hod heka u a e te 6 met Sui BeKa t e e . n cc n d , , , lv ;

éro s . a e te e 66 meet i e ro n . e cc n d , lik in , 7pm , h ro p m é ti 9 151 nose e . ’ éd ha LSa at e . y , go y

ain e e m at . p , y i é ssi iicn ta ron . v re . Bp , foun in p

n a e te e i hit AvKIi eet hlikeéss . u cc n d , lik in , y s , sw g

a e te ke a n a t m vd i863 let me see cc n d , li in u u n , , u n a ha . p ron . id

a e te e 0 o n 61 0 9 a ll ro n . un cc n d , lik in , , p au s lo .

D IPHTHONGS.

The simple vowel - sound s are often represented in writing by tw o vowels .

e e a n: in a im an d a a i z e ro n . a t is pronounc d lik , p x p , knif , p ’ h ai ri is therefore equiva lent to e mak .

ekeé n o . that pron . r 66 i o i a a te mee a . or , p p , f ’

via ﬂ meea . lp , y

r t e e u a e t to 1 v . a O v 1. a e e e , L, , f’ h r for q iv l n 1 1 m U! is n o t com on . 3 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

9 I a v a e s y , gg h ron . a p a . 3 I a v‘ra t ese , h ha it a h t e s s n . ta In these t e ﬁrs vow l pro f . ’ ’ us a u th e se s u s eIIa eAIo v s e u l so nd , cond o nd yy , go p l ; h w an d t e n va n hélio n . like 1) b efo re vo el s p ro . e g

s a t s 8 II v an d e ﬁAo Id sma - o x con on n B, y, , C, , , , p, y , ll p h e s n l hizi r ev o . like f before t e oth r con o p o . g efio eas a ts . o n n g , y f s r é ko lo . p on . ’ ii a I u n p , fo nd é v r 7 ro n . e a 71) p .

' i u e e 0 0 m Ko vwb I s a e ro n o n a Ii k o . o n s . prono nc d lik in oon , , h k , p

en th e se t w o e s h as a ae es s e it ea Wh cond of vow l di r i ov r , ch

we is o u e as it w be a e Ka ﬁ é o vo l pr no nc d ould if lon , n v g , poor ' 1 k aem a in o s . e ron . f llow , p A n y i—sound follo wed by a n accented vowel is pronounced as

- the sem e a n d is w r tte I dzc . i vow l y , i n , g ,

A N CONSON TS. The con sonants are pronounced as follows m e e u at . xa es. u a L tt rs. Pron nci ion E pl Pron nci tion dh t kw I . l v. v A lo [3 B , hrow . 9 /I or rath er h alf- way a m cat . ata 7 , gh . b et ween {1 an d

va ’ m ma i a ’ ’ . ai . u Y wo n y k 9 b efore I or e so nds . f n ‘ e o a lro s . y p s, y d e a e n n e . a h e . elo g b for 5 , X, 7 yy s, ng l g s ’ h ﬂa II t th t u t t . Sexa en . e a in ho g , , dh k . ’

z I es e. z itaIi . d ir . / ' d t s a t I. a r e a u te t hi ha i a M ﬂv a . ta r in hink , h rp y p , gh r g . ko al Ka . k o lo. g ss . , good

761 e an d ’ a kh i K a . reé a v , l dy . 20223? ' m i 7 6V Kv Io v aste to n rio n . p , r g n 9 after v a d y . ace ( ) . A More) I m e t lia ln 1. . l o , l .

1 e A e exam le ma b e see su w s Thi s is a tru diphthong . noth r p y n in ch ord ' as Ib v w e th e w i 1 8 n o t ea In u at st se ves to p o , h n g, h ch h rd pron nci ion , ill r m o alescm i t o I ee th e v we s o I f c . k p o l , ro g n o 4 H T R R A S OR AND EASY MODERN G EEK GRAMMA .

m . iAa r I I a . p f / , gold '

n . va I es . , y m i n th e article b e

e a w be TOV m ke o th e war lm i I . to m baue o for ord gin / , .

n t - 7r ing wi h . 6 m et o ut 0 x0 5 , g

7 wa r d est . ah s a ss . 7 , pri p p a m c b a te u n d v. e a . t é m bo r s . o . f r , r h n

t r e r . 302 67 1 ta r . rahf tis ill d 5 9 79 , ilo . ' d - t O a v ra . sa a a p , for y r nd . 8 8 (h a rd (b a s . u e, a ss . z s t e e 8 ( of b for , E U V Sm a . Zmlrn ee P P W, yrn . l8 A “ V . , , I , , p ” I1 0 W T u OL . to a P , r . ' d ﬁ v a t wevr e e . é n d e v. e . f r , p clat th e b eginning

o f a w o rd re e e 82V m I Id eI it d e d eri ahzi p c d d p C , h n . ’ t s by th e v of h e doe n t ﬁ t . ' a e b e rticl or y S v. I h w I . c lo ok II I. se a in , or d , lo kh no .

s t e i e a ut- of r , l k g 1 ’ t u a II e e e e I a . r l b for X p , h nd a i n d I sound s . l ’ I b w . e ) . Se . d f q p , ring f ro l Lt f ea m é t s . E w . so e . I p ll , br d p

u e so a t s are tte m e G ee Tho gh doubl con n n wri n in od rn r k, i d/Cw t s o h as e e t t h e u at ex [ , hi d ubling no ff c on pron nci ion , cept in th e ca se of W ' T I T IO A SUBSCR P . 77 (an d ( o in literary forms) is som etimes w ri tten w ith a n io ta s u s w is n o t u i oi a o a t e . m S t t u m b crip , hich prono nc d yp q ys, h y y ﬁ ra s . te ro n . n a wri , p g

R AND S T THI OUGH MOO H BREA NGS .

In M e G ee th e a e t ma s t u e t o ex st t n od rn r k nci n rk con in i in wri i g , a t o th e a e t u sa e b ut are e s ea ccording nci n g , ignor d in p king .

ah - E d ro n . . 9 . o g, holy , p y ’ ' ' - dh t é e e . eIOeIe o u saw ron . e , y , p a is hft . d t a r o n . r A ams, ilor , p ’ r an éa d vo m a t u t ess es on . c i sse . q , ho gh l n s , p

6 H T AND GR R A S OR EASY MODERN EEK GRAMMA .

Fo r th e u es a e t at 7 w an d th e t s t p rpos of cc n u ion 7, , diph hong coun as s la es e an d 0 s t e a I an d v ma b e e t e long yl bl hor whil , , y i h r l ong or short .

’ B s st t a n d sh N. t s la es a u a . Thi di inc ion of long or y l bl is s rviv l m a e t G ee w it wa s m a e at In fro nci n r k , in hich d in pronunci ion . M e G ee it ex st i n t an d its use e od rn r k i s only wri ing , in d ciding a is t e e e a t a Th e a t he ac centu tion h r for rbi r ry . rules of ccen tuation a re a s m t b e ex e te e th e msta es e e t , igh p c d und r circu nc , fr qu n ly v ate a e G ee es e a e a w a s iol d in popul r Spok n r k , p ci lly wh n ord ch nge e n e e n its accent from rul i d cl nsio .

PRO OLi Ti cs E ITI AND NCL CS .

The f e w word s w ithou t accent falling i n to th e cla ss O f p ro ' ' clItIcs a re t he se a e t at s e e a s a t , for purpo s of cc n u ion , con id r d p r of l w t em t he word fo lo ing h .

a n d th e e a re th e a t e 6 o i 7 a t e s t ( i . Th y r icl , , 5 ( ) , pr po i ion s

Th e e t s t t e a e t s a th e ec e d ncli ic hrow h ir cc n b ck on pr ding wor , s e a e unl es t h y begin s entenc .

Th e geni tive an d a ccusative ca ses of th e person al pronoun are ex am es e t s pl of ncli ic .

R S — If th e e h as a ex a e t ULE l. e pr c ding word circumﬂ cc n on th e a st s la e a n a te a e t e t e O f th e a t t w o l y l bl , or cu cc n on i h r l s

s a e s t he e t ses its a e t . yll bl , ncli ic lo cc n

' ' m W O K a O I o u t ea T O K a o i o i) e. T p y ins d of p p , y in

T o fi Tra IOIO ii T o v TO i} Tra IOIo ii T O D his i . , of ch ld ' ' O O TrIT TO t7 77 t 0 6 u u e. T I 9 , yo r ho s

If th e e e h as a m ex the e t ate 2 . pr c ding word circu ﬂ on p nul im s la e a n a te a e t th e an te e u t ate the e t yl bl , or cu cc n on p n l im , ncli ic s its a e t to the a st s a e th e e ed an d tran sfer cc n l yll bl of pr c ing word ,

t hat a cc ent b ecomes acute.

O d /I u i o v n stea TO of o v T o ii a d E . T v T 9 yp d f i d of yp gq , his h n t wri ing . H T M RE 7 A S OR AND EASY ODERN G EK GRAMMAR .

PUNOT ATIO N U .

Th e semicolon is u sed as th e m ark of interrogation an d for th e semicolon a d o t pl ac ed a bove th e line is used

he t e a s O f t at a re e a s s T o h r m rk punc u ion us d in Engli h .

EX I IN R I ERC SE EAD NG .

N B — Th e w t a s t e at o m st b e e a e a s . . follo ing r n li r i n u r g rd d m e e a x mate a s th e s n s E s an d M e G ee r ly ppro i , ou d in ngli h od rn r k d iff er so wid ely

' Q Ea TTAOp ei/o s T a lc TrpO IiAAa I; eIs Tﬁg A IIi Ko vpa s T O O; X aplo main o s t ai ss pro {i lless c ess t eess Lyako o rass t o o ss Add mv;

laii fo o ss

' ’ ' AIO ' K O e I e T i v T O. o u y y O y 9 T x p ,

' ma t ee m blaii ska mo o ss t o a y h iri ,

’ ' e a i/Tdcrﬂnxa 7 639 ﬁp o w p t T o ts y epo vs y o u ' e f an dasthika pa uss eé mo o n ma y to o ss yai ro o ss m o o O ' vi/Tpdd mvs

sin d raiif o uss

' ’ ’ Ka 9di s 7rpIOTa 9 TO Any epi .

' ’ k ath aii ss praii ta sto limairi

3 R Q ( Ad di pa To v vo w p o v eIxe TO yAvxo Kpa O' I o nxwo et

’ e laf ra to n noon moo eé h ay t o glikO k rasseé sikaii ssi

’ ’ ' i t EJa AAa a e evﬂv o ﬁu o vv T O. n d h d a s K I s T i v K e 8om p l n p / y

’ e n thimo Omo o n ta palya mas kaipsala steen kath e d haii ssi

5 “ f i f A Q ( 1) T L ( yell/a v 77 0 1) a II tee ai- yin an po o é en ay

C ' ' a e ExeIva I. t ﬁp pa l. p a s a e maira ma s k n a y e y s e eé y . 8 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

3 ﬂ A 3 ' I I ' I I e Tr O O Ta o u TO Ba AT eT O I e Ta I Sa we n T o u e ou/ y p y y s c/ s qS n,

emb ro st a t o V a tets m a ta ss d haf n ess to o ef ah n i moo l i y i ,

V 3 A A I I ' I Ka t Ma xo O Ta V e e v a r u wv T o O T ec a i/I o p s mp y p p ji ,

k a O Ma auta e eéra ta marteéro n t o stef ah n i y rcos n p y un ,

Q A A t I 3 I I Ka t 7 7 A TrAa l/ a I a u a I a 7ro To u xo u TreOIa Oa I 79 y ns y p g p s g ,

ka t eess A mblan eéss a mavress a o TO Ork O O SS aidhiad h ess y y p p ,

' ’ ' ’ Ka i T s‘ KAeIO' O a s a i Oexa TIOV A ci3 wv IAIIiOa Ig ﬁ B p , X ,

k a teess K leé sso vass a e a ta A ravaun hilad h ess y y dh k un y ,

f 3 1 A .K l C ' Ka t K a a w xo n ly 7 1 V A a o a v V IK O UO e o p s o 9 7 p x ﬁ ,

’ ka K a ai s auta stee A rakh o van n ikO Ossa y o r kos n n y,

, ’ ‘ ' C I iiIr e OV KIi irO V é O GO a Ka i. Ka Tro e o Ka t T y p , o y g y p ’ k a t a a airo to Ossa ka camb o s a iro to Ossa y un g mbon , y O m y

9‘ I A Q 0) T L eyewa v WO U GLl/ a b

a u tee ai- yinan poo eén ay

C ’ OII ﬁy epa I y a ; 3Ke a I.

a a y e ema iray m s s ekeé n ay .

( 2 ' c ‘ ' m I E O. a e yy a a Ti}; /IAIJIOO Q TraAa I Ka i. Oo f o y my ' A u se emaya t eess Ellad ho s ) pa laya k ay d h o x azmai n ee

I I ' C I I I T T V K LO U ( 0 77 6 5 V0 . 9 ] M UBG. f 9 0 7 0

’ s teen g galeé va moo a us s pa ii tay thay n a staikeess s ko n iz main ee l

' a ii e o u d eIw ei/ e ei T OV O ' T a DAO o u e vfi y p y p y , s y y p g

mav ra m o o a n d h reeaumain a eess t o n s tav lo ern ah ss y y, moo y

' K i d IO ' e T o ii T O U €K LO D o u o w i v VOL A o o vas ) pX s ¢ y ﬁp y n y ,

k arkh eé ssess t o o t o o f ek OO t ee v ro n t eé n n a leesm o n ahss y y moo n ,

’ ’ ' f exa 0 ' eg TTIOS Ka BaAAIiv eis ”Phil {5 d ( 7 0 1) y e eIX eq

I j r xai kh assess pauss k av allareen eess teen ra‘ kh ee soo m ay eekh es

' ' K a i O' Ow dvey o s TreTo iiO ' es y E d yp y ei/a Is kay sahn ah n emauss peto o ssess may a ghreeaumain ess

' T I a I p X s.

t reékh ess . ‘ 9 A SHORT AND EASY MODE RN GREEK GRAMMAR .

‘9‘ I 3 ! A 9 T L Gyf tva v 77 0 1) GLVa l.

a u tee ai- yinan poo eé n ay

C ' ’ II I fyy epa t y a s eK elva I.

air s k e n a ay eem ay mas e é y .

“ R N “ N THE A TICLE A D THE OUN.

— Gen d r r e a e e e e t e . e . e e a e t ee e s Th r hr g nd rs , m culin , f minin , n u r

— d a . Number . e e are two e s a an Th r numb r , singul r plur l

Cam - e e are a e at e a u sat e at e Th r four c s s, nomin iv , cc iv , voc iv , e t e g ni iv .

The at e a t an d e a e b th e e t e o r d iv is w n ing, is r pl c d y g ni iv a u a h t e a e t n s t e t e a a t . cc iv , or ccus iv wi h pr posi io

THE TI A R CLE .

e a t n t a Th re is deﬁni e an d a indeﬁni e rticle .

Th e d eﬁnite article is declined as follows

Sin r Plura l. gula .

I Ma F m . sc. Fem . 6u t. Masc e

O I T O a t ] , 2; ' T O V T 7 1 T O T O Ii T ut T ( ) 50) g s, ps

' 7 779 T IO(V)

— N B. T . he a v O f the a t e eta e e e e s ﬁn l r icl is only r in d b for vow l , an d th e a t s K 7r T 0 b ut e e t e it te conson n , 5 , , , 5 , v n h n is Of n

dropped .

The indeﬁ nite article is declined as follows

Ma Nea sc . t.

17 0 era s eva

gva (v) 4: A e I or c A e I 0! evo us, evo g, eva evo us, eve s, eva H T O S OR AND EASY M DERN GREEK GRAMMAR . RE 1 1 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN G EK GRAMMAR .

T I FIRS D ECLENS ON .

Th r s ta s as e e a 1 e ﬁ st d ecl en ion con in m culin nouns nding in s, 39 ’ ’ e 0 6 a n d em e s e an d o f) . g, 9 , f inin noun in

' ’ l o a N l n Ske 6 ton D eclen szon f o un of First D ec en szo .

i r n . Plu S g .

s F / lf a . u n m No . e . N n Bo i sc o u s . t I

No m . Oa ts

A ce . Oa ts

V o c . Oa Is

G en . So w

h a sta s th e t f th Th ﬁ a ws T e d sh nd for s em O e word . e n l v follo me a s th a t le th e sa rule in e r ic .

v b h e ma n u s f m h e v a It is thus i si l e th at t sc . o n or t G eniti e singul r by f m No m th e f em e b a o he No m m s 5 t t . b as dropping ro . , inin y dding ; oth c . a ad d o th e s em fo r th e th e a v ma a n em V t . t e b t d em d . s n f f t Acc ; Voc i in o h c . . i m h e tem o f th e w The u a is f m e b t h e s m s si ply t s ord . l r l or d in o h in t a e wa by a Oa ts to th e stem f or t e om an d Ace ases an d y ; dding N . Voc . . c ; Owl! o r the e t ve f G ni i . Exam le p s .

' 6 T a n i th e est r s, pri . l P ur. N m o th e e t . i h . w r i 6 a d o Tra m Oa i t e e ts . s, pri s g, pri s

h e t T OV T a n t e . T O O 7ra 7raf3a t th e e t r pri s ; 9 , pri s s .

V t ‘ o c . T a n a es . Tra zraa I e t s , pri g, pri s .

' G en th e I . T O D T a mi est . TI W 7r civ th e ts a 7r e . r , of pri , of pri s

eTT dA O ii, th e f o x .

' N h fo x . dAen o ii t e . om , a t dAen o uOa cs

- A c e. T i v dh erro i v th e f o x . a l dh en 7( ) x) , T c O ISOG IS

- V ' ' o c . (ﬂ x ewo i}, f o dAeTIO IiOa Is

’ G n e . T c oIAevro ii the f o x . T ITw dAeTTo q v ﬁ g, of 1 2 H RT A S O AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

’ C e vo uco xu aste o f o th e u e a re ompound words lik pnq , m r ho s , s m a e e th e d ff e e e e th e a e t i il rly d clin d only i r nc b ing in cc n , which is n o t th e a t s a e on l s yll bl .

S D ECOND ECLENS ION .

Th e se e e ta s as e s e 7 cond d cl nsion con in m culin noun nding in 79 , a n d i e e e a r . f m nin words nding in , ]

Skeleton D e len si n c o .

Sin ular . Plur al g .

Ma sc . N o m .

‘ A cc . a Is V o c .

G n e . / mi acc ented .

From this it is v isibl e that fo r the G enitive the masculin e nouns drop th eir No m w h h mas . a m f m n u s d a a to t e No b t . 3 e t e e e ad s . ﬁn l , hil ini no n ﬁn l o h c a n d m r fem. ad d u th e stem fo r the usa ve an d ave s m th e s e f o to Acc ti , h i ply t t h e h u a mas a n d fem u t a fo r at ve to f m. e t s a e n Voc i ; or t pl r l b o h c. . no n k No m . an d ama wa s a e te f o r th e Gen . , Voc . , Acc . , l y cc n d

xam les E p .

' ' 6 KXe ﬁ th e t e . { Qdka a a a the s ea . d ns, hi f 7 ,

in S g .

' ' N KAe oiAa G O ' a dka o o a om . ca e KAeqSTa Is G ﬁ w

' A 6Aa o ' o a v ce. KAeIa V 9 ( )

’ V c e - ui/Mi a mi o . Sbm H ' KAer/i n y «Aed n fiw ﬁdka a cra s GG AG G G ITJV ’ h t e se. f Ka OIoi the ea t . v ] p , h r y m, no

' ’ ’ m iTI uTa I ur e No . i s g N i . Ka K a OIa I on pOta. p c y ] y (y )

A c iiT i/ c . y n( )

V o c a OIIi V bc . . K p

un um»! n K a OIITW G en . a ; G e . x apOui s p y ) y

1 4 H T R A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMA .

e. 7 hop ) véxm .

Plr u .

/ fla n Oa ts

(O il

' 6 Tra T e a s t h o n p , e m th .

—’ e No m . Ira r pa g

’ A cc Tra T e a . p V o c .

’ G en 71' a T 6 wV . p

F T D I OUR H ECLENS ON .

m The t e e s ta s as . s 0 an d e te four h d cl n ion con in c word in 9 , n u r n words in o a d I. ta th e ate t e s Thi s declension con ins gre s numb r of word .

e D ln s n s Sk leton ec e io .

N t w Ma e s . e e s In 0 0 . s . word in 9 u r ord

Plu r in . S g . N m 0 9 o . A c e .

V o e .

G en . wy mv, Gi ve 1 5 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

’ N I Ne t euter words in u er words in I.

IO ?)

' IiI / c ' h m n O 6 i Op m o s t e a . T Plu r.

' ' ’ m ' m AIO No dv w7ro d IIm O I No . I V . 9p s VHp BB ( )

' A / ' w c A ce. ce . d vﬁp n o (v) Iii Op m o us

V c V o d I o c . . vﬁp O

' ’ ’ ' G n / ' n A u Ii w G e . I IO e . i 9pum o u d rfipu m v Bfl fi IfiAIwV

d th e w TO w ul . o , bird (fo l)

Plur .

' Tro uAI

xepIo ii n o uAIo ii Tro uAIdi v

FIFTH D ECLENS ION .

Th s e te a 0 I o v e t e e s e . ﬁf h d cl n ion includ n u r nouns in , 9 , y

l D len si n s Ske eton ec o .

s Word in 0 9 .

m a Ta No .

a Ta A ce.

a Ta V o e.

a To oi w G en s T (v) . 1 6 H T R A S OR AND EASY MODERN G EEK GRAMMAR .

Words in

n Si g . Iy or Iy ou LIMO V I I a TO I a To u y Q, y

Exa mples .

a a n a a . eT th e ea T O n TO o . p yy ( p yy ) s, y r

Plur .

Trpoiyy a Ta

n pa yy dTw(i/)

T O o n o v th e t . yp ily , wri ing

’ No m V o c A i / I o a /I a Ta ce. i v . . yp d y yp ily n i o G e . ypa ijf y a T g

WORDS FOR EX ERC ISE IN THE D ECLENS IONS .

1 st .

Q A h k r h t e Si ev ma e . a w d t e a e . Ko o xwa e Ip y s, b k r o g , I th m / e th e ti n O wa ﬂ o v e e a e ex . T e . T l CﬁC, Sho k r o s,

’ ' th ff th e a a Ka c e e ee . 1 a i o i) e . b q, co ) y y , p

d 2n .

' ' h ' h 7 O eI oi t e . i O K aAa t e ta . ) p , row ] , s ir

' th m th e b e e e t . 7 e . i O T I ) ) yy ﬁ, mo n h th 7 t e t e . e t ) ongu i; T OM own .

’ ’ ‘ 7 uva ixa en . div th e an . 6 oIe a g th e air w . ) y (g ) , wom p , , ind

‘ i Aa n oiOa th e t . T o vrida th e a e . ] y , orch 7 qbp , c r A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR . 1 7

4th .

h w a iOeA é t he t e . To 5o t e . I qt g, bro h r $ , ood '

6 ( i lli e th e e . T O KAeIOI th e k e . f s, fri nd , y h T O i n t e e e . d th e e . 6 TTO Ta y g , riv r w , y

h . th e ea . T O Ao uAO COI t e e T O l f , ﬂow r

5 th .

h h ace . O Guid e t e t et T Odi a t e t e T . O y , rr s, hick ' 1 ' h m at dA I th e at n T o a t e e . O o v s . e s, By y , di loc io ’ e - I h h o Ii i/ th e e T o r t e e t e a u . T 90 . b 9 , ﬂow r g po y o , fr igh , b vio r

N T THE D I O ES ON ECLENS ONS .

Several word s are O f diff erent genders in th e singular an d

u a e . pl r l , g w a O T AO DT O S e t T OI TTAO uTr es . , l h ) , rich O dvo s th e ea TOI Oi/Ia th e ea s xp y r ; xp , Y r ,

O t e w r s h a e two u a i th e e a i h r o d v pl r l forms , ; brid d O t e s a a a e tw m s s e th e n ew an (ii i vu¢d8a Ig . h r g in h v o for in om of

c a es : To ii vd an d TO D va t wo G e t e m O va . s y n s y ﬁ , ni iv for s of y ﬁ s

m / P a No . an d lur l O i y ﬁi O I O i y ﬁva i s .

A ce . n T OO; y rivo us a d T o t s yﬁva Is .

’ e as a 6 th m an 6 o g 5 0 0 e . y p (occ ion lly 7 , v , old ’ ’ G n O D e D e e . T o u T O o w a T O D e dVT O U . y p , y p , y p

th e a m O To a ts a . d p g, cr f n

‘ ' G en . T O D da ro a an d a O TO u. y p , y po

D I I TI M NU VES .

Modern Greek h as several endings like our English kin in & amb lin a c . b ut t e are re use l kin , g in d rling , h y mo commonly d , an d m a f ac t b e a e to a m s t an D y in dd d l o y words . iminutives are te se as te e ea e t Of n u d rms of nd rm n .

1 ' e t e aT o G ni iv e s . 1 5 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

The most important are

’ — ‘ t as s d ‘ o . e 0 I5 A Her o I e ( l ) form m c word n s, M , p s, l r Ii K ‘ P te P t / s e e e Iii T a Ii VT O IiA man a . p n , r, rkin p s, p nq , , m nnikin

' 2 f m — ﬁ ’ t o e . s o A a I T a dBeA ( ) form word , g , q }, ' ' s s te tt e s ste TreT a TreT IT a st e e e. i r, li l i r ; p , p z , on , p bbl

— 3 to e te w s ofI< I oi I t s is th e m st ( ) form n u r ord , p ( hi o common) , ’ m etro m a raim ate tt e ate wa IOI Tra IBIi I , , pl , li l pl ; , p , child , tt e li l child .

A MPLIATIVE S .

There are al so several endings for a mplifying word s

w f to as . s 0 9 u 0 9 a e to em . ( l ) form m c ord , , or p , dd d words of ’ t e e o - a e se o r e e m e ur u . n u r g nd r, H , or y po s, big nos , from y m, no

’ 2 (1 u a i} K A a to m e e w s e a e o iifclla ( ) , p , o for f minin ord , X p , x p , ’

m e I a . fro X p , h nd

PATRONYMICS .

’

n 7T O1 < e [ 8 7 [ 8 1 . a t s m e d 6 0 u A s a. 5 9 9 P ronymic co monly in o , 7 , 7 , )

’ ’ c ' A u 67ro q A va O ' Ta G Ioi8 g H oud t eIO s" py p s, n , p n ,

FORMATION OF THE FEMIN INE .

The common endings for th e formation of corresponding femi

- s a re an d . nine word I a a o. p a

f m Oa KdAI cra . Odo xa xo t ea e e . G o s, ch r

f m u d . n Aue T a e an e . 7 /\ c ns, w sh rm r e 1 9 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GRE EK GRAMMAR .

H A E T E D JECTIV .

Th e adj ective has diff erent endings for each of th e t hree w e t s gend ers e divid adj ec ives in to three declension .

I I F RST D ECLENS ON .

The a e t e t e e s en d 0 1 a o v . dj c iv s of his d cl n ion in 9 , ; ( ) , ( )

m e s w e th e t e at e e e The feminine for nd in a. h n rmin ion is pr c d d b a e b ut et mes e e t ase th e en y vow l or liquid , som i v n in his c ding i s 17.

Sin ula r Plr l u a . g .

Jla sc

' K a lb } Ka A6(i/) Ka ko i K OIATKV ) K a AO(i/ ) K aAO Iis

' Ka krj Ka AO I

Ka kﬁs Ka AO i} K a AITW

d o g, holy.

P ur l l a .

M as . Fem N c . eu t. N o m. d n dw dyIO v A ce d . yi o v dyIa (v) dyIO V V o e. de Gym 511w

G en . do u dyIa s dyio u

The following are simil arly d eclined

IK i tt ' I e. a ii a g o g . a TIi o . y p , li l y p , bl ck v g , kn wn ' a n d e b a . s e dAo eat . K KK / red K , y y s, gr O Ii O S, . 2 0 H T R A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMA .

S D I o r A J TI ECOND ECLENS ON D EC VES .

The se e e s t a s a e t es e v (1 I cond d cl n ion con in dj c iv nding in ys, , k o(y) a n d ' ' K 7 LO O a L O V . in 79 , ( )

A u Er . Ld ea s Zn pm, j lo .

la r Si n u . lu g P ra l. — f r f ﬂ l Neu t. a . Fem . 1 1 8 c F em e Masc . N u t.

' A d AIa a AI K O i/ AId a i Awi a I AI IKOI N. Cn I png {n p Zn d ( ) {n p g Cn p g Zn i A E m . {M MO a mo)

V lun ? ki d a . ( p ge ) {n p ‘ ' ' G lx i li wi a kw mo fi xwa aw AIa IOv AIa IKIDV . Cn wpn Cn p g {n p {n p Cn p {n p

’ ’ l m a ii ﬁo ﬁ ea t a i OIo o a a i édOmo v is a e e . ns, h ds rong, , , si il rly d clin d

I TH RD D ECLENS ION .

T t a s a e t es e 1 h e t e e s 15 a d 5 . hird d cl n ion con in dj c iv nding in 9 , ,

w t Ex ax e s ee . . w s,

l Plura l Sin gu ar. .

Neu l. Fem. i llase.

' ’ ‘ AUKIi AuK ei k x o m humi AuKeIo. u ewu Aus of N . y s y y y g y g y

A ce AuKI5 i/ AuK eIoi i/ . y ( ) y ( )

V o e Auxu AuK ewi. . y y

' ’ ' G en Aumi AuKeIO s AuxeuOV AuKeuOV . y y y y

Th e following are similarly declined

ea Oif' r a a . ( a s . p pa , h vy p p , b o d

f a a x u . Tra u t . s x g , y p , long

The a dj ectives in 15 ; have also a collatera l form in

‘ AuKO h um AuKO. y S, y j, y

22 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

’ La In k is i a w t is n t e t es ar d ea . a H s o di s clo h e r bl ck . h nd ri ing

h - n h e h T e at i a d t o d a . t S e is n o t . e e s e b O g ood . ill w h r v ry y a th a ﬁrst d y of e ye r .

are o u n ot af a o f 875 V ( o Eca a t Emmi b a a ii o s . y r id , p B l ck , u p h i 6b elve w s e s . ith Acc . not , — z a z w z me x é . th e ea e 6 a d ln sa mu t me ti s x s . o g y, ch i ( p ) th r , p a b 5 25 w to - d a o e a i n e s . s a . Con t ntinopl , tr n y ith y, ﬁy p t a s s m b Ace Th e ee s usua a . . Acc . Gr k lly c ll on , r n i ply y

sta e i r éai s . st wpaf o s . Con ntinopl , ; ﬁr , ' ’

th e 7 b Adm d a i e a e a . ink , “ . y , mp p p )

D IMI TI NU VES .

Th m t m m ut e e s a e t es are o ﬁr mo e o s co mon di in iv nding for dj c iv g s ,

' ‘ o ir uo o ur mo an d o ukr o iih a o iiht . g y, g , j s, ,

‘ Eat. Ka \o ur mo Ka h o nr tm at e . § g , é ) , r h r good

d o n o ﬁk d o vr o k a ( io n i t s . p ns, p , wh i h

C M I O PAR SON .

Th e a e t a at e s x r e T e r st ex s ts nci n comp r iv ufﬁ po s, p ] , ill i , a n d is occ as iona l ly u sed b ut h a s for t h e mo st p art given way t o w m a e h a e t he r e m e e e t e e t . o d or , pl c d b for dj c iv

t ‘ ‘ s a t e m é re o e . m o e . pr i r p p p s, m ll r

Th e s uffi x form is pre ferred by lit erary dial ect ; w or a is th en writt en b f h h a e e e ore t e sufﬁx according to t e nci nt rul .

The follo wing a dj ectives form t hei r compara tives irregul arly

- e cik o g eat e a x n o g ea te e aAeh e . n y , gr p y ﬁ p , gr r (n y po s)

' K a hds K a kr re o xa e e o . , good j p ; ( p g ) ’ xa xo g b ad et d're o , X p p ; h ii m u e t r ci' e vro w o o . g , ch p r po g

Th e En glish tha n a fter th e c o mparative is usually tran sl a ted b (i n w t t h e A ce m et es b a d t the No m y ?) i h . or so im y 7r p wi h

' ell/ e e a h elre o du o 7 6V K ri o h o h e is e t a C a es . p y p s p , bigg r h n h rl

Th e su perl ative is ex pressed by pl acing th e d eﬁnit e articl e

e re h m a at e ‘ d th t t e 6 Kae e o 6 7n Ka h c e es . b fo co p r iv p s, or k, b A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

PRONOUNS .

PERSONAL PRONOUNS .

Plura l.

l ic m l t m ha ti Un em i a t . E c . Un e p i a ic . p p

£a

3 E at F . rd . mph ic orm

Sin gular . l f f asc . N m o . ( 1 137 69

A / 0 cc . Grin ch (e) ( 1 137 60 )

’ G en ' i} n /o f: . a fn o ii, a lJT O UVO O, a irro , a ff ro t

( a ﬁrnvo ﬁ)

Plu ra l.

Ma c . Fem s .

f f I a vTO L (a vmvo c) a ura l; ( a vmva rg)

3 3 3 I 3 I f ‘ ‘ ( w r n a vro vvo v a v ra t a o g, s s ( vmva t s) ( a ﬁmvo us)

a ﬁrwvd w a tribv a ﬁr wvfbv if a w ii , a irr w, irr v w

’ ’ ( a ﬁ‘rnvifw) ( a irrrj vd w) (a trnmbv) H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

3 d r . a Unemph tic Form .

n l Si gu ar .

l F m e f a c . e N ut. c l s . Ma s .

n il/ ( e) ﬂ it/ (6) (7759 ) 7 31 9 7 13 V (7 0 15 9 ) 7 61 V (7 0 159 ) 7 6 V (7 0 15 9 )

1 . If the su e t th e e is a e s a it is bj c of v rb p r on l pronoun , usually n o t expressed ; as i t is m ad e clear by th e verbal t ermi a t e is m n ion which p rson eant .

’

. h a s e . K I sa M e t sa s t er e s e a r e M . g y , y y s, hou y y , y

Th e prono un must b e inserted if th e s ubj ect is t o b e emph a siz ed .

’ ’ - e . . e e, Ae I sa t m 60 13 Ae ecg t sa es . g y y , y y , hou y

2 In o r t m h th e em at c . e o u t e e a e t e d r f r h r ph siz pronoun, ph i a n d t h e enclitic forms a re often u sed together in th e o bliq ue

c a ses .

’ ’ e w me . . e eva u. € 6 0 6 6 o u g u , £ 3 ; do y kno

3 h e th e b m a is th e e t O ec t . W n pronoun t o e e ph sized indir c bj t h e i w o f e it s te u se t th e e s t ei . v rb , of n d i h pr po i ion g

l - a it was t o o u I e . e e a am a ei7ra s it to o u . s o g T a T g ( ) , I id y ( y sa id it) .

Th e u a o f h u sta med 4 . obliq e c ses t e enclitic prono n nd im iatel b e e th e e e ex e t w e th e e is t he y for gov rning v rb , c p h n v rb in at m i w o w it m e e n ase t e . i p r iv ood , hich c h y foll

’ ' w t em Oe 7 0 e. e w I w h im eiOa I sa v g . f p , kno ; , h ; ’ im xa m I n o t see it w i 7 0 t a e it a T O VE let h b e . e , do p , k s ,

5 In th e m t e ses a e th e u e ases th e . co pound n of v rb obliq c of st a e t e et wee the a ux a an d t h e a t e o r pronoun nd i h r b n ili ry p r icipl , h x a b efo re t e au ili ry .

- - i a Gin e? ci u 6V s in 62 I h ad t him . e. . T OV e 7 g x or x , old

6 e a v er h a s t a e t an d a n e t e t th e . Wh n b bo h dir c indir c obj c , wa s mes st indirect a l y co ﬁr .

- I t it t o him 3 7 13 711 1 7 2) ( in a . e. . 7 0 1 g ) , old i 7 0 15 7 0 3810 01 1 I a e t t o t e . 9 , g v h m 2 5 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

M T TI PRO NO UNs D E ONS RA VE .

A I A . t i s o n 7 0 7 0 v7 1 7 o v7 0 . 7 9 , 7, , h 3 3 3 ' I I I 13h i a 1) 7 0 s . a 1) 7 0 9 , , ’ A l ’ A éxe exe t at w w w o . ek e o 9 , n, , h

’ u a exelvo is e e e t h e em f oam , is d eclined reg l rly . 9 d clin d lik ’ phatic pron oun a 1) 7 69 .

The d emon strat ive pronouns have th e deﬁnite article afte r t m he .

’ ’ Q ’ 6 t s - a s ei 1 vva i xa e. . a 7 o O Ka 0 7 7 ex w g 1) 9 p ¢ 79 , hi looking gl s ; y 7 y , t at w man h o .

I PRO NO UNs POSSESS VE . l i u lar Plura . S ng .

m . o i a 6 7 8) o u i 7 6. , y , y , (p) , h t y . hi s .

h er 7 1 . 79 , i t s .

a 9 . u , our

0 0 3 , your .

00 t e 7 V . , h ir

( l ) Th e possessive a dj ectives are thus expressed by th e geni t e th e e s a iv of p r on l pronoun .

' ’

e. . O 7 a 7 e a 9 uo v m at e 7 e a 7 00V t e m t e 7 5 g r p j , y f h r i) un p , h ir o h r ; (b o ké t cro v t h at p y , y w ch .

2 e th e ssess e a e t e is em at th e a e t v e ( ) Wh n po iv dj c iv ph ic , dj c i £8LK 69 s idmé is se t et e t th e ( , s, own) u d og h r wi h e t e th e e s g ni iv of p r . pron . Thi s form is a lways u sed when in Engli sh the po ssess ive pro u sta s a no n nd lone . I ' e. 0 g . 7 8u< 0 7 0 K a r eAo f ive 77 LO diuo pd m ci7ro 7 6 SLK O

M h at is ett e t a y pr i r h n yours .

' NO rE - . Th e e et t o f the a t e as ab ve is n o t abs ute e essa r p i ion r icl , o , ol ly n c ry. 2 6 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

R L TI PR NO N E A VE O U s .

3 77 0 1 ec a e . , who , which (ind lin bl ) 6 77 0 0 6 0 30 9 1 677 0 201 7 6 0 20 tte a a e . , 3 , , which (in wri n l ngu g only)

I T TI PRO NO UNs N ERROGA VE .

' 77 0 L6 n' ui W i w ? 9 . o ; ho hich 7 5 wh at ?

77 0 76 is e e e u a The e t e h as th e ate a m s 9 d clin d r g l rly . g ni iv coll r l for

/ 77 0 11 1 11 0 13 ﬂ o ra l1 ﬂ o ra l/(13V . 7 i is e a e w e it u s , 39 , ind clin bl h n occ r a e it a s wl t / r u ? In e ia ? e. 5 ai a a t a e o lon m n g . 7 K n s wh y doing con ’ u t t a t w i a a d . e t e s wha t kin o e . 7 1 j nc ion wi h no h r ord , m ns l o f , g i Alo Give 01137 6 at is t at at is t at BB wh kind of book h , or wh book h

77 0 L6 is e t a e a n d t a s sta t e 9 us d bo h lon wi h ub n iv .

R X I PRO NO UNs EFLE VE .

' 1 The e ex e s ex . r ﬂ iv pronoun ca ur év i used in th e compound ' ess o 7 6V se 7 OV ea v7 6v O ' O U‘ t se 7 OV pr i n my lf ; , hy lf ; ' éa v bv m se tse s s m a r euvr év 7 1 e e . hi lf , i lf , 79 , h r lf Thi form y b e iﬁ e int ens d by a dding l8L0 9 .

' V '

e. I a a o f . év7 e7ro v ua t ri O L O 6 o u am e g p j 7ro 7 V LO 7 V ca vﬂ i y . sh m d m yself .

Th s w it is t o b e 2 . e reﬂexive pronoun is only ex pres ed h en e m a t is th e e e e wi e It e t . ph siz d , o h r s und rs ood in v rb

/ I as m se e. AIi . . W lO a t g p , w h y lf

INDEF IN ITE PRONOUNS AND PRONOM INAL A DJECTIVES .

w at h e sh e ho e e e e . 1 . O77 0 L0 du ta 677 0 9 , , or , who v r, wh v r g/ 95

' 21 eAd e e sees o u a . . . 7 k id O e g 3 0 1 0 9 0 ” 9 y y, who v r y will l ugh

' ) t t t it O7ro c0 9 sometimes ha s m las u sed oge her wi h .

i ) EK e e ma e. . 0 1 m l( n e . 0 0 G g 6 ; ”, who v r y com H G 2 7 A S ORT AND EASY MODERN REEK GRAMMAR.

wide eve e a e is a wa s se a s an a e t e , ry (ind clin bl ) , l y u d dj c iv t d a L e . e a e T . a e w d a e atee e e K d g K d p yu , v ry hing K v ry y , ’ him e ve t wi e 0V e e lei e ve t a s . d 7 1. 7 d ry hing p g , ry hing nnoy

’

Ka Geva e e o n e m e an d 2 v a o n e . q , v ry , (co pound of d 9 , ) ’ ’ e 0 e ec e e o n e s it e. . a va 7 . g g f p , v ry know

w ide is al so used with oth er n umbers t o d enote recurrenc e . ’ i e e e e e ﬁ e a e. . 7r g w d u7 v ry v d ys .

3A0 3M 3M allh as th e a t e as E . 9 , ) , , , r icl following in nglish

' OAa d w d a a allth t s e. . 7 x e . g p yp , hing h o c o i a dda allth stu ts d e e . d p m w, d n

3 ‘ in - 0 1a K ai'n' r s m o n e a e ta fzr m e . . Ka 0 o o g 9 , , , o , c r in

ﬂ ro a' o s K oia vro o o a e ta m e a d d , j , c r in nu b r, goo m an y . ” ' ' ' w H a Kd r 6 . e e e e a e.g . 7 ve m o o o s K o o uo g c l; 9 a 7 p0 v Th r r ” a e e th e t at x60 0 = Fren ch good m ny p opl in he re. ( u 9 I I I 7 e7 o ro 9 7 54 7 1 7 e7 o a . , 95 , g , such

3 0 0 9 5 0 5 0 0 h o w a h o w eat. , , how much , m ny, gr

7 60 0 7 00 1 7 00 0 so so a so eat . 9 , 7, , much , m ny , gr

’ K dn s me is se th e a t e te s , o , u d in singul r wi h n u r word only , th e a t s all ee e e s in plur l wi h word of thr g nd r .

e. d ) / us b e s t im . x m ( 7 30130 1 7r e e a ele it t e 77 0 0 7r 1. V g p l , m om hing o rt a p nt .

K s s e s i s et a 0 7 7 u3 t e . n a 7 a m n 7 1 . p 9 , om oldi r , om hing

' 6d 0 0 1) el7rw K d L I te o u s t n 7 e . , will ll y om hing

6 Seiva Sell/a el/a ( 9 ) , , S l so an d so such an o n e . 0 1 wide 7 6 7 d8e 7 ,

0 f / d e s a n o n n de t a m l. 6 7 8 e a d s a t e , uch uch no h r .

e txo i e txa l e md s e u p , u p 9 , u p , om .

’ ’ ’ 4 - . Ka veva Ka va a i a n a veva an o n e o n e is u e g or g , K un , , y (no ) s d in n e ati e a n d te at e se te es e th e a u un g v in rrog iv n nc lik e Fr nch c .

e. g . K a veVa ei9 7 0 0 77 137 ” d id yo u ﬁnd an y o n e in th e hou s e (at home) ? ’ ’ 3 Ka veva k a reva 1 1 0 01 I a e b or 7 1 , found n on , or ( y ' ell SlS - l Ka vev o n e . p ) e , no 2 8 H T A A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GR MMAR .

7 i77 0 7 e 7 i77 0 7 a 7 l77 0 7 e a t t n e e ( , 9 ) , ny hing , no hi g , us d lik

Ka veva g .

' e. i7 e l e u a a t e I a . e 7 77 0 7 o s ? OEV ein a 7 l7ro 7 s g r 9 ; did y y ny hing , id t 7 i7ro 7 e t . no hing, or , no hing

Q 5 C h s m 8 t e a e . . i t0 1 idi ot 7 0 lSLO o 9 , 7 , ,

' h i m (1 137 5 5 i3 t 0 7 0 eiﬂ e e sa t se . 9 9 , id hi lf

ail/0 9 Mil/7 7 6m dva o o voi ‘ dva o a e u se p , [ 7, 1 , or u x s, p xq , u x , lon , is d t th e e t e th e e s a l n it m ea s b m sel wi h g ni iv of p r on pronou ; n y y f , o ur se & c y lf , .

/ h i m e b se . . . ail0 7 0 1) zxa e e t g p 9 u , did y hi lf

dM o 600 dAAo t e . s, m, , o h r

M D E A O OF DDRESS .

The second person singul ar is u sually used in a ddressing a per so n n se e e o f o e ue e t se w s t e . I con qu nc f r ign inﬂ nc ho who i h o b ue t u se th zud s Th tr M e te e e . e e e e v ry poli fr q n ly p r . plur . u od rn Greek form of polite a ddress is t o use 7 0 13 Aéyo v 0 0 1) to d eﬁne t h e

e s e to e. . 77 0 i) ew/1 0 7 0 13 M5 0 1) w e e p rson pok n , g y 5 mm, 7 h r w ere yo u bo rn ?

m / &c are a us The s 0 1) 0 13 s e . Ad 7 . for j , l o d

Aci o v 7 0 1) ell/ e ia 7 6 h e is a t t s e t e a is e. . 9 g y p , doc or ( hi g n l m n a doctor) .

7 0 13 Kd o v 7 1 ell/ e ei 7 6w 0 0 d a sh e o r t s a is o ur y 79 y u 9 , ( hi l dy) n e u ighbo r .

A te th e e s t s ei 0 6 i n to 8rd o r an d 0177 6 ro m the f r pr po i ion 9 ( ) , , f , , f , o a i e is m h m n t e e. Su Aé o v 1) a t tt e t e e e . 7 0 r icl o i d in f r m ion d bov , g y I am him oi m) t . yp d , wri ing for

a u a ex m Adj/0 1) y o u is l so sed as reﬂ ive for .

' a io ﬁoivo a t 7 0 13 Ko u r v Ka AAl7 e a I ee etter. u yo p o p , f l b

E 2 — xercise . A .

3 A I A 3 I I I A A A e t 8 V / w a e. A e e e et . 90. a e 6 MO 1J Aere 77 10 9 a ed v V u f p l g A j I I I I I a 1 E v v v. 6911 77 a m ua v 0 a . 690 . v a u e. ®a s 7 V ; 90. l 7 u p n l é A V I I I I I I A / / E eva 711 0 0 F a 1xe7 e 7 0 A 7 1 1 e va ( u . 0 7 0 1) 7 0 a m» . H69 7 p / 9 7 b y37 9

3 0 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

— E r . B xe cise 2 .

m e a e o u en th e e ? A re o u Tell it to . To whom h v y giv win y ’ n o t from Co n sta n tin 0 ple l D o yo u know this gentleman 2 W h o H m tt e t o o u e se I s a e o u t . rea d th e le r y ? hi lf . h ll giv y no hing D i n n m n d o u a o a t No o e . 1 have no other books . y ﬁnd y e ho e ? W e w w u i h e s are se t a e . t o T ese p n wor h n min ill go i h y . I w ll ’ A s k h im w i m t in . at it s t ell yo u so e h g h O clock .

’ ' 7 0 w t at me s 7 2) 0 7r7 7 L f m 61 . . ro , i h Acc ho , 5 ' h en 7rew a BLd c we t e i . rea . d , B p , ; i k a ' we ( e) ave . as n X , (l ) h , p ,

o u f u ﬁ er e. y o nd , n p

3 . Exercise . B

H ha is n o t a a s a W e w e th e who s money lw y h p py. ill giv bo th tt t o o u o n e h as ee us I e o u No s . . e e l e ers y . n lov only y W it b ut o u n o t w it W e t o M t e e e t ee know , y do kno . go y ilen v ry hr a o u an a a ta es t h e e ? a t e e is week s . H ve y y cqu in nc r Th e l dy h r W H a is m He es n o t ee e . e is s u as he y cousin . do f l ll st pid c ri h .

i 7ra 8a 1 s w w ' m e 0 . e a fvo v on y , p ( ) go, n y pd ) . 2 a wa s 77 0 11 7 07 6 . e e exes l y , th r ,

54 137 1 . th e a v f a 3 f K a . h ppy, 006 l dy , ) p ' w s a ve as th e u E e e s 4 a S c . h ll gi , co in , ; E ppn 5 ' d sh K a l7 81 0 . e m b is us eiy e e a se o u. oth , y co in , g pen y e he h e & c . saw elO . t a e is use ases e ( ) , ( rticl not d in c lik ve 51 0777 03 s l lo , 7 . thi . ) in o r he h e oes o v 7 a z . s n t fee a i0 0d e . only, m ( , ) d l , ' f we w e o e . sa ee f ee mse f ( ) kno , Ep p b ) y, in Gr k , l hi l ef we ee 7 s. xa Ad thr , p ll , . ' w é SO dOa s ' ee . u o u ro s . k , B u t pid , K 5

e is w t . 7 A0 1 0 ws . to , i h Acc rich , H T AND A S OR EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR . 3 1

THE V R E B .

o ices Th e e h as t wo v e V . v rb oic s

. d w I te . Th e a t e e . c iv , g yp gb , wri

The as e era L it tte . p siv , ypq , is wri n

lo — e e are t ee s rl od s . Th r hr mood

W . w t . I at e e . a e ndic iv , g yp q , I ri

S t e Va oi t at h e m a w te . ubjunc iv , yp qSy, h y ri

Im a w e t e ai e te. p r iv , yp qb , ri

e is t v e It ex esse b mean s the Th re no inﬁni i proper . is pr d y of a t w t th u t v a I a o t e vat e e e. . 82V V oh w p r icl i h s bjunc i g yp l, c nn e TWO a e at e in ﬁ n itiv es are use a s a t writ . bbr vi d in p r iciples ; t h ese willb e disc ussed und er th e formation of the compo und te es ns .

Ten ses — There are three simple ten ses

d I t P . a) ese t e . e r n , g yp qb , wri

’ I wa w ti I e e t é a a s i . mp rf c , yp gb , r ng

A st z a la I te . ori , yp tl, wro

There are four compound tenses

P . e e t I a tt . e . 2 0) d eL e e rf c , g X 7 p ¢ , h v wri n

' P e e t ei a a leL h ad tte lup rf c , x yp d , I wri n .

F ut I a e 9a d w te . ur , yp e , sh ll wri

F tu e Pe e t as w a eL I s a a e tte . u r rf c , a yp i , h ll h v wri n

There are t wo p articipl es

P s t A t . w e e e e . dc o vm t . r n c iv , g yp t s, ri ing

’ Pe P w e t ass e a evo tte . rf c iv , yp uu s, ri n H T R 8 2 A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMA .

Class catio n — e e are t wo s e s : 1 s m e an d iﬁ Th r kind of v rb ( ) i pl , 2 t a te ( ) con r c d . In contract ed verb s t h e 0L or e prec eding th e t ermin ation t h m m c a es es w t the e e te at e. . 5 o l c i h vow l of r in ion , g m for a I s pe k . Th e l etter immediat ely prec eding th e t ermin ation is called the tt c h aracteristic l e er .

Person a lEn d in o he e b gs f t V r .

s a e P P e e t I t . ese t S u t r n ndic iv r n ubj nc ive .

Plr u .

GTE

o vV ( o w e)

B — ~ T e e is ffe e e r u a b etwee I . . an d N h r no di r nc in p on nci tion n ndic Pres .

Su es. b) . Pr

I e e t I at e . F ut u e I a t mp rf c ndic iv r ndic ive .

Plur .

a p e 9ais placed before th e Subjunctive

ere a re to ex ess the F ut u ( ) pr re.

C t l ondi iona .

f eAa t t e e in id wi h inﬁni iv nd g in eL.

— t a ma a NOTE Th e En lish condi ion l y lso b e tran slated by the particl e 011 l r e 6d e a s fe t gu e fect . l I u av w Im e : . e ith p r c or p g x , ho ld h . 1 ’ ’ i 60 m es f m Ge a s t e e f m o f OeA eL an d m It i a co ro ( hor n d or ) . s l so used in l w . as va Aé w I s a f m e . see t s . hi or g B , h ll

2 n — — m at e d e . s . e I e . e e I st a p r iv , p rs ing , plur 7 . n e d of these ' d th t e e n d t o ms an e s Vo. th e s f r , for o h r p rso , or ; wi h ubjunctive is e us d .

P e en t Pa t r s r icipl e .

in d ecli ( n ) . 3 3 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

I THE A UX IL AR IES 2X0) AND efua L.

e ee t o th e u at t he e a e it is Befor proc ding conj g ion of r gul r v rb , u s s n ecessary t o give th e irreg lar aux iliari es . The e po sess only d t t h se t e e t an e t e ses. e pre n , imp rf c fu ur n

” E a I a e x , h v .

P t I at e P s v se . e e t u un i re n ndic iv r n S bj ct e.

in Plur . Sin Plur . S g . g .

I a t at I m a g e x 3 0 ) e. a a e V w X , h v h y h v . ( ) x p o) 2X6 L9 3X67 e zxe7 6

3X 6 L 3xom/ ( e) exam/ ( 6 )

Im F t e I at e . perfect Indic ative . u ur ndic iv

in in S . S g . g

' I h ad I a a e ei a . ei a e . x , x u sh ll h v eixes eixe7 e eixe eixa v(e)

C t a ondi ion l . in S g .

I u OeAa z ei s a e . ﬁ x , ho ld h v 696Ae9 fleeAe

Im at per ive.

’ vat d1 w t Su t e or e i h bjunc iv .

e t Pa Pres n rticiple .

e r7 a a . xo s, h ving

— OTE The e fe t o f e r.) is s met mes e e e b a t e ve b 21 01 0 I N p r c x o i r nd r d y no h r r 8 , av t o r use m e s a mea there i e o Th e e s. f m is is t h g . third p r a d i p r on lly to n ; ’ t a es th e Ace e e “ k a reva 2a7 bv £66) is t e e t e e k . . g. x p h r no doc or h r Note al so 7 ) exe s wh at is th e matter with you t H RT Y A A S O AND EAS MODERN GREEK GR MMAR .

Exercise 4 - A . .

' ” ' ’ " E ec e 7 e ' i 6 L ALO . E L a AA0 i 7 7 a Ka i. e e 7 7 0 x BB X s r p ng7 pu ; Ex c. s " '

« i . v a ci po s Exouev OALyo s 77 p 6a L9 . AEV 6X67 e eva mpa lo 0 KvAciK L. ' ' ‘ ‘ ’ TL 6 e iAO L 61 A ! ci u . o vv i. E a e Li 7 o u x o qS 0 9 ; 61 x xaprL. LXes T I] V S L

Ei e 77 1 .

e 66V e Ka L 6 uAA v Lo 6. 61 E a w a 10 6. N 0 6 . (0 Ec a e of i a 7 a nu p x p , p x x h yp p/ “ 6 6 77 EL e 77 0 A1) 7 6 v 0 LL0 V1 . V 0 G GL A 6 i7 e o v K 6 V 6 1. KaAA X , j X Ko n o , x p ’ ‘

7r 6. e 6 a a . V 6 a Ka t . ei 0 1) 7 o A a xpnu ﬂ ). 0 a L ( ﬁ o Q A V xe9 d p 9 9 ” ’ ’ e 77 To 1) A e LX6 9 ap

' - 7 6 L ALo th e b . a i e a to d a . BB , ook mp , y ' - 7 7 6 m t w. a th e e . m r p 7 p , o h r to or o

0 01 0 h 7 5 t e f e d . 7 6 d a th e ette . 4 , ri n 7 p up , l r ‘ «b aio bea fu {m a / t s ut . o r a e e. p , i l y y, p i nc 1 1 h 6 V 7 6 0 11 0 71 1 11 t e tt e . 6 n o t . , li l dog , - 7 6 a ri th e a e 7 0 71 6: 17 60 1 0 5 ma e e . x p , p p r. 7 , ny p opl th e 6 62 t e m ss x e e. p r i ion . , h r 7 6 7 1 47 he a 7 6 ( l h 0 t te . a t e f . , pl p w, ood

' ' m e . 7 6 u o iim th e f . 7 6 a ra th e np , ork xpﬁp , on y 1 7 d o th e u a e 6 o d e ( o n e t me . 6 O s . p ¢ p , onc i ) pp , co r g 7 h e Kal n m t t a . 6 a7 ai e ca . d 7 , littl ,

6 n a t ds the t me 6 013 20 3 the u e. p , i . , ncl '

V6 7 8 7 6 to o BLeVW e a. , g . ) , Vi nn 6 680 1 15 5 th e b t e 0 , ro h r .

- Exer i 4 . B c se .

a e Ha t Who h s th e best knife ? He has no patienc . d hey much t o do ? Will yo u have tim e t o—morrow ? When sha ll w e m a e t he ett e ? If I h ad m e t e I s a e e e . h v l r or im , hould h v or mon y Have yo u courage ? Were there ma ny peopl e in th e th eatre ?

h a e a e an d - m a ve o u n o t t me S e will h v p p r ink to orrow . H y i v s If t e had n o w ? This e enin g I h all n o t have much t o do . h y u him s t e a e ea es . G t o fri end , h y would h v gr ter hop ood l ck ma h e a d Had o Aé o v n o t a a . e u 7 0 1? (tr ns y h v goo luck) . y ( y ? Y es I a e it a e o u the t et ? Yes I h se t . ou , h v s ill H v y ick , a e it m et Had h e it ? No h e h ad n o t e e is h v in y pock . , . Th r b tte t a n o t a e r book h n yours . R M 5 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK G AM AR. 3

‘ v 6177 1 6 th e fe. 7 6 a ai L. s e e 0 . kni u x p thi ning, 4

h w rk e 6 1 7 3 0 . mu sa muc o . ch to do , y hop , f eL u i 7 6 7 w 6o uA a . . ork , good l ck , ) x 7 o et me 6 tem s . ti , p y , the eat e 7 6 th e e 7 6 th r , tick t, eAci VL a l d AL 7 a th e 7 6 . es v 0 . ink , p y , or p

I am elAa L . / ,

t P s t P ese t I a e . e e S t r n ndic iv r n ubjunc ive .

Si n g .

I ma b 6 “ m e . v 14 1 0 7 5 5 p , y ( ) 5 1 — ﬁcra c fyr re

Q 0 yve yve

1 I e e t I at e . F t e I at mp rf c ndic iv u ur ndic ive .

n Si g . ijuo vv

wa I s .

170 0 vva

9 9 1 7 a 7 7 0 we 7 7 O V6 y v, 7 , 1

C onditional .

96 i o vva I s b e ju , hould .

I e at mp r ive . Plu al r .

6 let u V s b e.

' V6 0 m b e. 6 G V O T be e . 35 , ﬁ , y

v6 ve let b e . v6 ve let t e b e ﬁ , him ﬁ , h m . o r 6 m dzc 0 . 9 gi , 3 6 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

The missing t enses of chain a re sometimes supplied from the ’ A st ex t o sta S u h u b r o a L . ee e t e e a e a s . ori of p , nd ( nd r irr g l r v r )

’ e f xa I was m a e . n ,

E ‘” a I a ee m O e . X ﬁ, h v b n ei ' I h a d ee a 0 7 a 9 . x ﬁ, b n 6 3 0) I s a a 0 cr7 a e ee . x 06. h ll h v b n

— Exercise 5 . A .

A ' e II dL v E e Ew s 7 6 m O L eive K La w ab o v . IIo uiL m ; p , (b y p 9 a 1 1 A 1 ew e a v7 a 7 a vra L8La IIo v a a L mu 8L IIo v o o vva { e ees ; , , n p g ( X ) ” ’ ' / e e k e / . Ee7 pefs “fir(u s 77 0 5 06. io a L A v7 o s 777 o we p ya efn po s a vro (r la ve 3 A e fi a e O u (9 6. iye s 7 6 ( ” mu a pLo ; A V eLXa 7 s v a Ls 7T UX€ L a v7 0 9 9 ' ’ o w a efi7 v s . E6V 7 a ve vea 7 6 aAALd 7 7 9 7 a ve a fi a 7 6 m fip xfi fi , p 7 fi p p p y A A f I ' a m. a 0 ew e a ovrpa . To v Koyou 6ev na o vv p gbo p 9 7 o u Ma Aq 7 A Q A fi ' T O rrrrL Hp o vva ypa mua n xos eis Eva BLBALo r wAeLo . O AO L : 1 31 Q 9 \ 9 7 h Q 0 ' a Lo 0. w . a o . pp T O L. A vp v 9 7 a Ls ef L wpa Lg 9 7pm e8w N 770 m na vx g v 9 4 1 x x 1 1 x 9 A A n - o e a o vva e o IIa o7 e va 7 (T(lt s nve emevOepo s. y r v yp y p s V7 )

K a Aa .

’ '

s 7 6 at m e i ea u . ho . l , yo ng girl m u ia the a 7 6. ak d the a . K p , l dy . p , h ir a ﬁ o s b a ( u o u m f e a f e o f m e. . p n y , y ri nd , ri nd in p p , l ck ar w birn r o s w e 7 6 w th e u fe . , child , yo ng llo , p , hit

w 6 a7 md th e se eta e . a te & c . a s i r , 7 p pu , cr ry , cl rk

‘ r - h wo fio a t rro ii eia a z usua wa to a a 7 6 t e b s . , l y c ll ook hop w i w a e I d w s . it r . pp , ill ' i ’ é e a a 2 : é a zs at s x . H s es . s w s p , y t rd y 5 p , o clock ’ h z a v o u et a e ere ter a s . , in ( f ) . fi x , q i T A e e f ee e é éB o s . 7 s t ee . p , hr p , r ' 6 1r e e a k eh e o s b e e O7 if . p y p , igg r, old r . p , only - LB L h a ua a e é s st . u o t e t e . y , cq in nc y p , rong e b7 ‘ f u a e mi x/7 07 e a wa s v s t u . . xfi , or n t , l cky , l y i

1 we . 0 61 w e . Ka Aa , h n , ll

Ex — B ercise 5 . .

m t a W h is sh e n o t e e ? He w as n o t at ho e yes erd y . y h r now m m e ma I w as er Where do yo u co e from ? I come fro G r ny . v y h W a s he n o t A t s h a t me t e w n o t b e at t e s O . ill . uc i h y ill h ir p M A r r ulo s ? No he w as th e so n M ae a at e r. o o rel iv of gy p , of ich l ,

3 8 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

A st ori . w Z a xa I te . yp ll, ro eypa d/es

E a ll/e Z a ba v yp r yp r

Pe e t . t rf c Pluperfec .

I a l tt i a h t . 3 6) d JeL e e . e oi eL I ad t e X yp j , h v wri n x yp rb , wri n

t Fu ure . w yp gb , or I a te 6: af iu u i e . 9 o ? a Sh ll wri yp cﬁa, yp dp 3a a /w yp SI , a i 0a rpfidms warns 6 7 p< v mwaive“

ea d it é bo vv d aw/ 6 re der, w h) rp q e) , re r ( )

F uture Perfect .

I a e t 6 E6) ai a te . 9 X yp np , h v wri n

Conditional .

‘ w e af e 6 g I te . 96. c o e afc o v 9 ypa qm , Should ri yp ﬁ p (yp ﬁ p ) ’ d e Zypa ctes eyp ct n 3ypa ¢ e

fiOeAa ypci¢ eL fifleko p ev ypddgeL ’ ' fiOeAeq 170eAa 7 e ’ fiOeAe fieeka v (fiOeAa ve) ypd¢ eL

Past C t a ondi ion l ,

M dnzet I a e w r tte . eéka t e / eL ﬁOe yp j , Should h v i n ﬁ p ypn ’ ' 179 eAa 7 e

’ fiGeAe fifieAa v (fifieAa ve) w I s u a e tte . 6. af e 0 eZ a. z L X yp g/ , ho ld h v ri n

Subj unctive Mood . t Pres en .

6 af ﬁw t a t I ma te v6 w e oi bo v x (V ) yp q , h y wri ( ) yp q p (yp g p )

d e e 7 Pd¢ﬂ9 yp ¢ 7 ypaq y M 3 9 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAM AR .

A s ori t .

‘ V6 oi Jw t at I ma te . V6 oii xw e d bo v e ( ) yp L/ , h y wri ( ) yp lp , yp y n 2 770 0 4779 v wi th) ? redro k ) Im perative . re t P sen .

d e t e. d e7 e te e . yp ¢ , wri yp ¢ , wri (y )

‘ let te . l w 6 ti b 6 d o vve et t e te . 9 yp g g, him wri 9 yp qb , h m ri

A oris t .

w it ' i e e . o i J oi ere ci me. yp / , r yp lp , yp gl lt it 6 of e e. l a d / e . 9 yp py, him wr s yp glo vﬂ )

I t e u e th e m nﬁni iv ( s d only in co pound tenses) .

Prese t . d € A t b s . n Yp ¢ ori 7 pd i/1 e1 .

P es Pa e t t e . d v a t o 7 . r n r icipl 7 p ¢ 9 , wri ing

Pa iv e ss e Vo ic .

Present .

Sin . P u g lr .

am w t oic o u a L a o v a L I te &C . a c o zi a o n a xi eea yp t l , yp q p , ri n , yp b p (yp d p ) ypoiqbecm L ypd cfieo ve (ypoiqfiecrfie) ypaf¢ e7 a r ypoiqSo vV7 a L (ypafq VTa L)

e t Imperf c .

’ I wa s written . ( e

m a e a o o w a ou i n g -re «ma , ( mw esp s ,

’ e a c o vvm w e 6 ( )yp ﬁ , ( )yp ¢ 0 V7 o vcra V

A st ori .

oi xa I was tte . (yp dn n ) , wri n

- I Pe e t . a S i a e ee tt H e . rf c w yp q }, h v b n wri n

i u a i I h ad e e t . c tte P e bG e . lup rf c x yp g }, b n wri n H T M R A S OR AND EASY ODERN GREEK G AMMAR .

F t u ure . ' 96 a La L a 963 96 a boﬁ a m e a 9o f1 e yp q j , or yp ¢ , yp g p , yp ¢ p w I s hall b e ritten . rpfie

d e7 a L a 9 ‘ af ww a L a o i3v yp ¢ , yp ¢ ﬁ yp cp , yp ¢9

F t Pe I . u ure rfect . 06 3X6) shall have been written

C t a ondi ion l .

Sin g .

’ 6 e a I u b e w tte 6 9 o o w . 9 yp cﬁ p , Sho ld ri n 5 77 1 6 690 eypoigbo vw a v

o r eAa a i I s b e w t O >9 t e . ﬁ yp d i, hould ri n

ei a 0 7 I u a e w t t a 6 6 ee e . Pa st C t . 9 1 ondi ion l x ” 493, sho ld h v b n ri n

Su t bjunc ive.

Present .

m a w ‘ V6 ofc w a L t at I b e t te . V6 a Soi La a n a mii a crn ( ) yp p p , h y ri n ( ) yp q / , yp d p ypoid xmu ypd¢ eo 7 e ‘ypri cpeﬂ u ypoidv ‘ra L

A st ori .

m a e w tte 6 a V6 a < >961 t at I b . V b9o f Le V ( ) yp l , h y ri n ( ) yp g 4 ( ) ypa ¢9ﬁ9 ypa gb9ﬁ7 e 7 Pa ¢oll 7 pa clb90 vve

a Imper tive .

' " b W tt e d e e d o v e . cr7 yp qi , ri n yp ¢

e'ra L let him b t 6 oi o m a L o ww a L 6 oi e t e . 9 c 9 yp gb , wri n yp t (yp q )

t Pa t A r s t I t e . Pe e e o i nﬁni iv rf c r icipl .

' a ‘ t te yp pp evo s, wri n R GREEK . R 4 A SHORT AND EASY MODE N G AMMAR. 1

V e CONTRACTED as s .

’ M st t a t e e s en d d o) t e e are a s s me ew o con r c d v rb in ; h r l o o in , b ut th a t e e people usu lly conjuga e them lik verbs in aim.

6 77 a. 7 of w t o e e e , d c iv .

Active Vo ice .

P ese t I at r n ndic ive.

I A 3 A 677 661 671 I i 6 7 6 7 61 e e e . iWQ a O G i r v e ( T a a 7 o u. , , d c v p , , A - I A ( in 6 7 m m 677 6 7 9 d w I , 9 a 7 a e7 e, 677 6 7 6 “ I A - I A 671 a 7 u eL 677 6 7 a o vV e 677 0 . v e , ( ) , 7 o V( )

I e mp rfect .

67 6 7 0 60 6 I was e e , d c iving .

677 6 7 0 13 0 69

677 6 7 0 13 0 e

A orist .

67 6 1 I 7 0 6 e e e . 7 , d c iv d d wa ﬂ io a p e

677 6 1 7 70 69 6716 7 7507 1 “

Limi mcre ( imimo a v

Pe fe t . P e e t r c lup rf c .

3 6) I a e e e e X . 677 6 7 7 0 1 I h ad e e e h v d c iv d 5 6 d c iv d .

F t e. F ut e Pe e t u ur ur rf c .

I s a a e I a e e e h ll h v sh ll d c iv . 96 3X6) 677 6 7 750 “ e e e d c iv d .

C t a ondi ion l . Pa st C t a ondi ion l . A “ f 96 dwa 7 o va a 7 e 3 1 9 Aa 677 6 7 7 0 “ 9a ec 6 71 or , 5 xa. 1 1 7 770 “

S t e ubjunc iv . 4 2 H T E A S OR AND EASY. MOD RN GREEK GRAMMAR .

Im e a t p r ive. P t A st . resen . ori

I I ’ A I I A 67 a 7 a e 67ra 7 a an a 7 u7 e ti u-a o n 677 6 7 7 0 “ r , r m g 7

A- 9 1 A s A s s A s 1 3 1 a a 7ra 7 a a 6 77 6 7 . a s a 7ra 7 o vV e 69 6 77 6 7 1 0 6 a rra o o vv e s y, s 9 ( ) 7 77 9 m ( )

I t w L P s Pa wa 6 /7 a . A e . t e. d 7 1 oris t nﬁni iv d a rﬁo e re . r icipl s

Pa s e V s iv oice .

P ese t I at e r n ndic iv .

I am e e e d c iv d .

d wa 7 60 ' a L

67ra 7 67 a L

I t mperfec .

67r ﬁ v I was e a 7 o o v a e e e . p ( ) , b ing d c iv d

d r a 7 O JV7 a V

h a I . Some verbs h ve th e following endings for t e Pres . ndic

I - Le ra L y ,

Lo iiV7 a L

t be a e. a L La L o e . g . Bp o , w ry

a v e Present Indic ti .

' m a a fi ov e a L61 6 0 ' 7 e a Lo fi a L a Le a L I a e . w a Bp p , Bp p , w ry fi p p , Bp / ' ' ' a wfia n a Le0 ' 7 e Ba pLeO a L Bp , Bp ' Ba pLe7 a L Ba pLo § V7 a L

Imperfect .

I was weary . 43 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

P u t l perfec .

eixa (in- a m“)

F ut e Pe e t . F uture . ur rf c

’ 96 on ra 7 ibp a L 96 3X6) 6716 7 77973 96 017m ” ) 99)

t a Past C t n a . Condi ion l . ondi io l

’ ' 96 awa 7 o ufi o w or f19eka on ra 7 7797} 96 eixa Lin-6 7 77913

t Subjunc ive .

P e t 6 dr a o § a L A st 6 r 63 e . V 7 . (i a 7 r s n p ori V 7 79 .

Imperative .

P e e t . A s r s n ori t .

I A 6 e 17 6 7 60 “ ( ivr a 7 na o v 671 6 7 7797) 7 ’ A a A a! s a a s o ma 7 o vV7 a a s 6 77 6 7 17927 a s a 7ra 7 779o vV

' A r t I ﬁ - t e. P a e Lin a evo o is n ni iv erfect P rticipl . mp s

’ V an e IN s ew .

9a i a) I e e e. f ﬁ , b li v

A ctive Voice.

9a o i3a eV pp ,

' 9a ppei7 e 9a ppo ﬁV

Pa ssive Vo i ce.

’ h a h s a s t e & te a . O a e L a L c . e This u u lly forms in p , , ci d bov cc sion ally the following endings occur

A f I o vp a L o vna o 7 e o uy e9a )

eicra L eia 7 e

0 8V7 a L

The e a n w the ciw u at r m ini g forms follo conj g ion . 4 4 A S HORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

I N EX ERCISES IN CONJUGA T O .

N HE T A TI O T PRESEN TENSE ( C VE) .

Endings for uncontract ed forms

( L O vl/ ( 6)

The A ctive Present of th e f o llo wing verbs is conjugated a bo ve (like ypoiqbw)

I ea S w . d C , r d I t w i . ﬁ w , hro

End ings for contracted forms

’ f o r the forms in em we have

ﬂ 0)

o iipt e(V)

ef7 e

0 13V (e)

Both th e forms in ( in) an d {6 are often used indifferently in th e ’ s a s ew are e th e t a s ingul r ; verb in only us d in con r cted form .

Conj ug ate th e following verbs like 671-6 7 66;

' I a sk e Lw I a d a ‘rrafw a L eﬂ iw I sa ut e ; y , l ugh ; y , x p , l ; I s ea d d a) I ss The t wo ast are e te p k ( A , ki . ( l mor of n a te c o njug d like 9a ppi6. )

airo I e is ate a s s : 61 7 d i e n C , liv , conjug d follow ( , {ﬁg ( 7, ( n , Zﬁ ,

Th e Su t e is th e same as th e I i at e ex e t t at bjunc iv nd c iv , c p h a e e e it s th e t e at is w tte for , wh n v r occur in rmin ion , 31 ri n .

4 6 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

’ ' he a et te 6 e 1 th e a ua e 1 Ac60 o a . t . l ng g , 3 7 pp i , p 5 ‘ aAV B ﬁ n e é aio s. a e L . , p to ch ng , x ' e i a u 1 6 M 6 7 o v fcuc1 th e ews a e i € 6 . a Tu s 1 . n p p r , ; ¢np p rki h po nd , 1 p p 1 6 a a w s e K u 0 7t d e th e w e 7 i. m in , Kp to hi p r, p ¢ m 7 6 m u ' ac B t i s t O . h e . c door, ) p to h , p

s aAVLB. to ss as. to poil , x ki , w ari a t he bee . r, g p

O N THE IM T PERFEC .

m h e e e t the a e t e s al a e e e To for t imp rf c , ugm n is u u ly pl c d b for h d h e a t e e an t e e t t e e are a xe . v rb ; prop r rmin ions, giv n b low, fﬁ d

‘ e . afc w g a c a . g yp ﬁ , yp p

Exception s

1 a t e s a e th a e t 86 6 t e e t e . 6 0 7 0 . Con r c d v rb usu lly n gl c ugm n 3 ,

I kept for 83 6 0 7 0 80 6 .

h t a te s t 2 . Of t e e se e t a tw o uncon r c d v rb , ho of mor h n ' s a es s a n o t t a e the a e t . Ka raAa a LVw I un yll bl u u lly do k ugm n B , d er tan d d s 3 xa 7 aA ﬁa LVa .

3 e w t e s m . V rbs beginning i h vow l co monly neglect th e a ug " e t b ut th e u e e se e is t at the t a w e m n ; r l . wh n ob rv d , h ini i l vo l e t e s an d t o 7 an d to w s a. e o e «u a a l ng h n from 7, from whil lw y e a s an e Exa e r m in unch g d . mpl s

s m . Pre . I p d Ko uw I a e . 6K a i xo va . , h r ov or j

’ e ‘ w I t E y i , ouch . n Ca or ﬁn Ca .

é LAff) I ea . 3 i . p , Sp k 611 160 1 0 6 or dip LAo v a ’ efi L xw I ’ a . fi w xa . p , find eiipLo Ka or n p

F t s st ex e t it is t at th e e b s rom hi li of c p ions , obvious h only v r w su a ta e th e a e t are t se are d ss a c hich u lly k ugm n ho which i yll bi , a n d a s e n w t a s a t b ut st th e e s o r l o b gi i h con on n , mo of v rb in ' d in ar u se e to t s as s . Ae w a e a . y b long hi cl y , y Th e a me t 1 is se 1 n t h e e 66 6) a 30a m an d ug n ; u d v rb 9 (origin lly ) ,

i n a t e ases a se a a . e. . Ae a a a . al so m ny o h r c from f l n logy g n y , nyp gb

T —In th e a e e m u e w t e t s NO E . c s of v rbs co po nd d i h pr posi ion , e t if se is afﬁ xe e e th e e t n o t a ter th e a ugm n , u d , d b for pr posi ion f , e a s in ancient Gre k . ' SHO T A D G 4 A R N EASY MODERN GREEK RAMMAR . 7

E I r THE IMPERFEC’I‘ ND NGS o .

F e o r t ac te s . Fo r uncontracted v rb s . con r d verb

Plur . u Plr . in . Pers . S g

I a a p e mic- a p e

2 a 7 e o r e7 e 0 150 ' e7 e

3 o ﬁo a V

Exa m ls p e .

d w I Im f t e . e e t e 67 6 7 66 per ec lik yp gb mp rf c lik .

' b I a eV . vo L w I t . / p C , hink y , l ugh

/ I k 7r o 7 L G) I e e . wit Lo . , drin p p , pr f r d W a i6 I . I ea . 7re 7ra 7 r p , lk ’

I t u r A ii) I et . v L o . o o v y p Cg, n n p , forg

( o ib I wea . b p , r ' I K a 7 c6 . p , hold

Th e Imperfect is u sed like the French Imperfec t to denote a n action or st ate in pas t time which is repeated or l asts a certain t me i . I e to wa us d lk . I te a e of n w lk d . ‘ e. 77 e 7ra 0 i3 a g . p 7 0 I was a s e w lking for om e tim . [happened I was walking a t the time wh en something else

I se to t dzc E a ba e . yp q , u d wri

Ex ise —A erc 7 . .

‘ 7re wr v a v 6v o w a t 6 e e t T6 71 a 7 o cr s 7 a e a tav a A La 7 a . p p p , p nu p yp g yp / / ( e A77 6 Ke O p tko vcra n Ka L ye va a 7 . wo 7 6V Ka Lp6 pa vpa ¢o pep a7 a ’ ’ K ci e vr wile7re V0 va e 6 17 a o e. 6 7 6 a L ( b po fxr 9 p p p y C p a s. Tﬁv mpa 77 0 11 ’ ’ ' ’ eSLé a e 7 6 oi a 7 a £ 61 eBLd a a Ti V e r a e i a ﬁ C yp pp , 7 B é / gb h p

' th m 7 6 1r wf e . a ﬁ o s b a p , in orning p p , l ck .

s a the u . ( d e a ess p , ho r p p y , dr . / 8 11 0 two . we t 63 67 6 I al at , p , c l (in) . ' t m d d a 7 V 7 6 ea e at i . 65 m1ro i3 w e. p nu p , y 6 r , hil 67 6 s e , inc . 48 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

Exer i — c se 7 . B .

E e m we se t o ea th e ew s a er t e w e a v ry orning u d r d n p p , h n dr nk ’ A t e t w e w e t a a h a coff ee . igh o clock n for w lk in t e g rd en an d u t s Was he n w a spoke of vario s hing . o t e ring a white hat ? W e se e e d a called at th eir hou v ry y . While yo u were l aughing an d wa a an d t n t a lking I s re ding wri i g . When I was returning from I s t o sm e a a th e a e e . vill g , u d ok cig r

w 6 ' 1r e f wew a . te 0 o . th n , hi , p ' ’ t h e ffee 6 fra c es . th e h at 7 6 xa weAo . co , p , ’ ’ 7 6 2 6 7 6 (S a t s w e I was e u h e e . a o f at e s 5 . t s t . ight o clock , x p h n r t rning, pr p r t h e a e 7 6 r e L dM . u i a n g rd n , p B 7 p § f m I s m e o v ci w Sta o ( . ffe e t s . di r n , q p ok , p y p

6 7 16 1 6 th e a 7 6 i ro ﬁ o . th e 7 . thing, 1 7 1 cig r, p

I s ea o f 6 1 16 66 1 6. p k , 1 7

O N THE A I T OR S .

Th e e th e au men t a re th e sa e as th e Im e e t rul s for g m in p rf c . /

A st e s ori nding .

G' a v

Th e charact eristic letter of th e verb undergoes a change when brought int o conjunction with th e o of th e A orist ending

77 ) m e t t h e ( t o ( 1 l . B, , 4 co bin wi h r form 1

K li w I e zx v f a . g . p B , hid ; p ll I d ye

NOTE — The verb s in a im h av ing v (in pronunciation r : d) b efore a s characteristic lett er also form th eir aorist in ll!

' w I e e e e. 77 L0 7 e15 g . , b li v

v euw I ee e u e /a . y p , s k y p d 49 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

2 K m e t th e 0 ' to . y, , X co bin wi h form 5

wa s I a 3 1566 6 . e. . l 3 g a y , gu rd 9 5

I a t t 377 66 6 . pl i , kni 5

a n a an es to 3 . Cocc sio lly ch g 5

’ ' I a d w a . e. . wv e w a g gb f , c ll cfm f ’ ' m s ' Vv0 7 af w I a ee eV75 0 7 a a . ij , l py f I play

4 V e w 961 an d t e t at a e a e as . rbs in C , , hos h h v vow l ette a e the A st e a e e t i s bic l r, h v ori ndings dd d dir c ly vowel ' ' ' I . w t a e . O L e EG L . g X C , r X a a I s pin Ewecra . ’ ' I ' ouco uw ea 6 a . , h r Kov0

NOTE (a ) The endin g o n changes th e characteristic a an d e of contracted verbs into 77

’ I o ma 7 a w e. g . ' qSLAew

Exceptions to th e above rul e

' m ' 7reLVoiw I a e7reLVa 0 a . , hungry Sa /aw I am t st l , hir y ’ I a es & - o ew e t c aee a . ( . e c p p , w r (clo h , ) s p ' I a u ' ekdw e eAa O a . y , l gh y I can eur épeo a . 77 ' Ka 656 I te p0 0 , invi

(B) A f ew contracted verbs have 5 in their A orist (as if form ed from a Presen t in 25)

’

e. . c vo dw I e lim a . g ﬁ , blow ; cﬁ yf ’

7 a 8 ciw I e7 of a . p , , pull ; p ﬁnf

5 a V e h a a t st ett e th e P se t . ( ) erbs who s c r c eri ic l r in re n is V e e e b e a 0 se th e v e e th e A t te at era pr c d d y , , or , lo b for oris rmin ion , an d o is written ( 11 in th e A ori st

I ' e. . Sewn 36eo a . g , bind ; ' ’ M o w I s e a w ' La V O a . p , cold p ’

6a xd I ite e6ci xa a a . y , b y 5 0 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

(b) V erbs who se ch aract eristic l et ter in th e Present is 7 pre e e b e e e b se the 7 V an d t h e c d d y or V pr c d d y X1 lo or , 96 or X combines with th e o of th e A orist termination to form (Vor f

I c t r e. . K d w u zx g n , o da . ’ I w SeL 266 6 . w , sho 5

‘ V M u) un m an d s e a e th e 6. e we a rbs in , p , p , om in , h v no in A orist ; the characteri stic letter rem ains th e same a s in th e P ese t b ut e th e ette e e it e e a a e r n , if is l r pr c ding is g n r lly ch ng d t o a

I s e e e e m LAa . . g . nd ' I e e e w a . qS p , bring ; cb p I a ew» e Z ewa . n , r m in p

— NOTE V erbs in Am an d pea have a popul ar form for the Present in Va)

'A . e w e g . ( 7 7 V for

¢ep (pipe) . '

o e w i m I a o rlst ga u a . p p , dr g A p

’ V e a LVLo a e a Va ln the A t 7 . rbs in h v oris

e a w I w a Cm w , rm

M an d s e t e a e a at 8 . a e s ( a e a ny v rb in C , om o h rs , h v coll r l form for th e Present in who b ut the A orist a lways com es from t he ﬁrst form

I t . iw e. v f w v Vo g y p g , y p , urn a i aAL w a aaAVaw I s t d Z , d , hu e avw e vaw I et e a a w f x , f x , forg { x

S e t er e a a a th e m ice om o h v rbs , g in , h ving only for vo in P e e t t e A st a s a P e e t a i r s n , form h ir ori from r s n in m or d

’ ’ dw I se e e. K e e ex a o a . g . v , rv win ; p ’ ’ I a ex e r h ng up p pa o a . 5 1 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

E HE A I U S o r T OR ST.

t s te ast a t - t a k I se . Th A t e e e. . e a a e oris indic ind ﬁni p c ion g cu , n It is st u s e th e o n e an m th e Im e e t i di ing i h d on h d fro p rf c , wh ch e te e et t ti a e a n d th e th e th e d no s r p i ion or con nu nc , on o r from w t a t m t at th m t Pe e t d e es e e e ese t t e . I rf c , hich no c ion co pl d pr n i es t e e e th e sa me s t a s th e F e a ssein d é in i occupi h r for po i ion r nch p f , an d is often u sed w here t he English idiom prefers th e Perfect I av e t h tt i e t e e e . e. . Z 7 eLAa 7 6 o ua g a yp pj , h S n l r In e s se P ese t ex esses a stat e t th e v rb who r n pr or condi ion , A orist expresses the beginning of that stat e a s past

’ / I am e7rei a 0 ' a I a e o t I am we 63 v . n , hungry , h v g hungry, hungry ’

man a e) Iam s ee emicr7 a a . g , l py f

In particul arly vivid speech th e A orist is u sed t o express future action th e action is represented as so near a n d c ertain as t o b e practically past

’ ’ e 6 6 10 6 a a I llk o u e a e. . i e i ( r “ 7 g gbi y f , go w y, or ill y (or you r m an d ead ) .

NOTE — It will b e observed that the a bove r ul es are m erely practical an d th e philologi st m ay t ake exc eption t o th e l ack of ex plan ation of th e form s given ; b ut such expl a nations would n eces sitat e a kno wledge of ancient Greek only po ssessed by tho se a a w u u u t o w hom th e expl n tions o ld b e s perﬂ ous . In m any c ases th e a e t G ee u e ase a ea s s is at e nci n r k r l , b d on philologic l r on , viol d from t h e inﬂuence of a nalogy

’ ' . zw e . a L a e Siio a . g f , q nf

— Exerci se 8 . A .

” ’ ' ’ " ‘ ec c re 7 6 L ALO . A Va LJa V 7 6 K a . I La 7 i 6eV Ea xvlpe Ka i. m BB I a ” 77 11 EK o e 7 6 e L v 6 ijVa d/es 7 i) Act/1. ; gb s X p G o ; 7 ' ' ‘ ' 6 ' ' qSOpep a 7 a G a s 7ro AAa Ls ¢o pa Ls 7 La 7 L 7 a O XLCe7 e LO a l. ppw0 7 o s e e l\I ‘ e T6 a 7r 0 . e e e Ka L ( re eBAa d/a V 7 6 BapeL6 (pa yta . V yvp L/J a V7 v yvp gb V s ' ' \ ' O L 6eV O a e v e / e Ka vet s. A W 7 0 Ies 9es e o e ba e X , s y p d (x ) x p s p ’ II a L e a L eAeL / e 367) 7 73 Vux7 a . do s n p s d 2 H T 5 A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

i o x6 7 w I b e t Aa s . n w I u e. ¢ , nd , oop B q , inj r

o e d I f . 6 wa 7 o s . n , li t pp , ill I t a u . s eav . ligh B p , h y

‘ 7 6 fer i th e a e. v edw I f o r ask /p , c ndl y p , look , d n a th e am w e e . eve . A a , l p ry h r

n 6< 7 w I cut . o eé w I a e p , x p , d nc . ’ e L h e a 7 6 t . V 6 7 a th e . x p , h nd x , night t

a m I sew . c 3 Ao s all. p p , , 7 6 d e a h e ( t ess. » I am a se t Ad m b . p p p , dr , n a‘ i w I tea x g , r .

Exerci e — s 8 . B.

Sh e hte the a W h a o u n o t tte the ette ? lig d l mp . y h ve y wri n l r I a e c ut m e a e o u se th e ess ? Th e ea h v y ﬁng r . H v y wn dr h vy w a i t th h s e I w an d e e t et . ine don yo u harm . bent do n l f d up ick S me o n e a s e o u o u a e a e o u o k d for y . How long did y d nc H v y ea th e t e e e a ea h rd s ory ? He did n o t believe it . Th y w r y r a a w y . dvo s th e e 6 6& 7 vk o s th e ea 6 . ﬁng r, x . y r, xp h e t st i ia7 o ia . ory, ) p

A A A eL e 7 0 0 777 i; 6o v6a 7 6 77 Loi7 a Mo v ES S 77 1. A " A E7ra i$a 7 e xa p7 ui Ma s ZKAeLI/a v EVa (ii/0 0 667 6 Epp e 7 6 pum a-7 O VVL ' d x 677 6 7 6 7r xd II0 L6 e a a 15 A V e vka a 7 e 7 6 va n . s u wa e 5 p 9 pL. E ¢ § p h (p f ;

' I I ‘ I Q I T 3 Ecn a e ' A eV f s 7 77V K a na pa a xo pnz Ipiryopa e 0 7 af es SeV ewe o x7 w I ' i ” Av a V ai 1 . E A M a e 7ro O L m 7 a e 7 e L o u. 7 AV / 7 gbuf o x p y f ) 641 1. G o v. f A $1 I A V I H ' L6La 7 0 ”wa o vAL; A eV a V O Lf e 7 a p a n a 7 0 v. o v erpef a V 7 a 71 a ' ' ’ ’ A La 7 i ' w e 7 6 m c L A EV L eK157 7 a e K a 9660 v T6V emi7 7 a a écm p f s p f . f ’ ’

K L L e a e. a A6 K aAoi. F a 7 7 pdp f

- 6 7 6 e r m a e ea t . a m eace I ea . p , cl n , k cl n x , igh t- ( r co I e ee e. Bo ﬁk a th e ma se va t . ss s u 6 , id r n o n , pr , q z 7 h e a M ad e) t o a e 6 a 7 i th e a t e . . x p , c rd , p p r g , ch ng '

n A e n w I stea 1 th e a ea a e. d , l . 3 pp r nc ’ 6 ' w c wo i' w I e 7 é o k é L th e at . . p y , ch , clock y , op n 6 ra o iiAL 7 6 u 7ra o 7 o i5 VL th e s . 7 the b ox . , , tick m , ‘

7 6 n a a GV L i 7ra ct9v a th e w w. 7 0 7 L th e e e. p p ( ) p p ) , indo M , y é y w I 5 6: 67rd o ut o f . o w us . 5 , p x , p h i s m o at th ( o w to ee t o ua . 7 6 ( e . v / , k p, g rd , dog

7 6 e e Kw 7 d w I see. h e s t . t cr f , 6 m ad v we u fu d e ut to ts to t u . Lea A e t . g , to p righ , idy p , ry ll , horo ghly

7 o d w I am af a . m p y f , r id 1 Kd e a th e . 3 y p , roo ' ' r o a u s . 7 p n p , q ickly, oon

5 4 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

’ ‘

I tu u i w. I b u 6 0 d w rn , y p g y, 7 p § .

th e eaf 7 6 c Ao . a 7 6 l , v cig r , ‘

I e i x . th e 7 0 1 633 . ﬁll , v n f light , 4 I e a ua e i w . I ut o ut r ﬁll , g y p f p , ’ ’ at e eve s 7 6 23 é a t h me s . t e a 7 6 l n o clock , ( p ) n , h ma t 6 0 6 t e e 7 1 . t he a e ef 7 6 rk , 3 7 1 h ndk rchi , I b ea a 1rd is b e I eave r k , ( rok n , l , 6 T I th e 7 GG UAIG . ele £613 ring , X h , . th e a sa th e e ese tat pl y ( y r pr n ion) , 7 1 7 6 1 617 7 010 1 3 1 .

Exer is ll— c e . A .

I I I $1 I Q I ' ‘ ' A eV O O U LA a e K a VeL . 1 e 7r A e p n s p 70 s o v o nuepa . H jun7 pa 7 1 f a x 3 1 Me w 7 ' LA e wo n8L 7 1 . 7 0 a V qS na 7 0 7s p 7 a V np o vVa a 7ro 7 17V Ep vpvnv . I I 9 1 I I ' H a 77 a e 0 V eO V . TO e ur v a a e a e w 1 0 a 7 v V x 7 Ls 7 e0 0 a L . A Lo 9 0 es y 7 l é n / s p s p 1 A er 1 9 1 V o w ‘ E t» 7 0 B vA O a eVa A eV ea a wa a a e 7 1 V a e a . p l 7 K p p x 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 ' a a ' 0 ' a O LVa L ex v wo a 8vVa 7 a . IIO Lo s 6 K O U 7 0 € 7 0 7 a 7re L II0 0 a wA w X , p V ] p § np

I ” x I 81 8 ‘ a e 6m. AL67 0 E e o o 7 7 0 {1. 77 L Ea 7 eLAes 7 a ypa pp a 7 a wo vypa llf a a vp 7

' A I ’ ' I ' ( rot/( K m 6 a L e eL e A o . 0 crw 7 o u. O i 0 7 pa 7 Lw7 6 Ls ( 0 0 66 7 s) 6 pa V 7 6V n ﬂ w C A x I O 4 1 6 77 0 117 1 : 5 75 eqtepe 7 6 7ra 7ro v7 CLa p 0 1) .

’ 6 ' ew l / LB li t a b a t s . to b . e ate. py , ps , l dly ( rongly)

a i e a - d a uw ait 1 m ve mp , to y. K , o . ‘ I 1r L h e ve. st I av e o t 7 6 7 a é t e tab . lo Aori , h g p g , l f a f o wA d I . ond . np , p y ' i 6 eo h 1 1 f r V s t e u man 61 i 0 o . , yo ng . , v , i ' l - mu £6 va Vo ce I wa e a 7 eAVw I se . { (E ) , k n . , nd h s I e 6 o d n xo s t e a . corr ct . , ck ' ’ ' ' 7 6 th e exe se 67rLO w 7rf0 w b e . rci . , , hind ’ o vd w I sea s e o dk wa a I 6 a 7 a7 t a17 s th e s e . B , l , top B , p n oldi r '

ave h ad a st e Be vw I s e b ea . h ( tooth) opp d . p , trik , t 6 66V L h bbe 7 7 th e 6 a r /s t e . , tooth . Ag 1 , ro r d u oux I swee 7 6 7 6 17 0 87 th e b sh e. p , p. 0 , oot, o

- ma e 7 6 o uu th e th e ea 6 7 6 7 0 v7 i s the s e . d , cold in h d . § 1 , ho k r d I a v , c tch cold .

— Exercise ll. B.

a e o u W e ask ed t h e gentl ema n if h e w as a G erm n . Wh n did y a He h a d w ake this morning ? They st ayed o ut la te yesterd y . W a t t s t e He au t He e m a . e oo h opp d . c gh cold . pull d y h ir

- ﬁ a hm a s a t t h i W e a t we t v e . h ve kep is book for h m . p id n y dr c I a e n o t se t th e Mr Stilian o o u lo s has s his se . . p old hou h v n

ette s et a e t e u t th e ews a e ? e a e e . l r y . H v h y bro gh n p p r Th y qu rr ll d 5 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR . 5

if 61 V I ee fc a7 ew. , . k p, p w - ﬁ ve ei o o ure 7 e th e e ma 6 Pe aVLis . t e rc . G r n , pp nty , ma d w en th e a xi . h dr ch , M x/ ) ’ 5 m at w a ? 7 ! 6 a I se m u . h t o clock p ll, '

t s m 7 6 1 r wf I ua e aM d . hi orning, p . q rr l , u the a 7 6 aAALd h ir, y .

S J TI I TI C ITI . UB UNC VE , MPERA VE, OND ONAL

On the co m o un d ten ses a n d the co n un c tion s which in trod u ce p , j hem t .

Both th e present an d the A ori st Subj unctive have the same e s as th e P e e t I at e b ut it is usua t o w t e w in nding r s n ndic iv , l ri th e Su u t e t t h th I Th s ea e a e at e. e bj nc iv in d of , o , of ndic iv A orist Subjunctive ha s th e sam e characteristic letter a s th e In d ic i at ve .

Th e a t e vaf usua w e b th e S u t e an d p r icl is lly follo d y ubj nc iv , ma be t a s ate t E s t he a us a s y r n l d in o ngli h in following v rio w y .

B w 1 . th e I t e t t t to e e it y nﬁni iv , wi h or i hou pr c ding .

i ’ I a t a 6 e o) 6 6 01 7 o v KLxci . e s eV f p 1 3 d p c nno r d Turki h . 1 I a 660) 6 15 00 . s to a 9 v 06 7 wi h go w y.

2 B the I e at e . y mp r iv .

V6 7 6V€ Kv7 7 oi Ka A6 Ka Aoi I at $ns W ch him well . ’ i L 0 o 6 6 I et t it . V0. 7 yp dm 7 6s him wri e

— NOTE In th i s c ase a n d th e following 1 6 seems to b e u sed a fter s me e e s t e 7r e7reL il a t o v rb und r ood lik p ( f u ) .

B e e u a e t the e t y som q iv l n of v rb ough .

V0? 7 0 ypdqbw am I to write it ? V 6 7 6Ve O ught I to invite him Vet 0 0 1) 6 a 8 7 6 d a Is h e to ea the ette to o u , d yp nn r d l r y

B m e e a e t the e to w y so quiv l n of v rb ish .

Voi 7 0 V 7rd 6 A15K 0 s lThe eu e ta e him 6 A x = wo lf m) d c k ( uo s ) . 5 6 H A S ORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

A ma a s b ex e e t i tte wish y l o e pr ss d wi h m omi d .

k G o d . 6 966; qtv dfg. forbid

at s v6 occurs in o h .

‘ vci xapd) 7 a pdn a y o u ! Bless my eyes .

Th e particl e 001 with the Subjunctive is used for the Future .

’ I a e e et . 82v 90? 7 0 V f exoia w 7 m7 e y o u. sh ll n v r forg him

Th e Subj unctive is al so used after a large number of particl es

d. t at e. t mi e t at . g . y in ord r h , so h

a} . va i est . y Fﬁ, l a p w . , if an d a te th e eﬁ te an d a e f r ind ni pronoun dv rb ,

- gr w e e . o s, who v r

67ro v e e e . , wh r v r an d a t e Z - w e a tea the t e o . f r s, p rh ps, ins d of fu ur

’ e iz 7r . . 0 0 8 7 0 Ae m v i va i d) f ive Kan/< d g y p ; n ty; ; 6; v9pw7ro s. I t e o u lo st o u s t t hat h e a b ad man ll y , y hould hink is . ' i 21 ( in - (i le h e e a me t s e 9 e . a 37 d , will p rh ps co hi v ning £57m 28 7 6; 7 0 1) m3 ; e e o u see te t at 379 who v r y , ll him h

The m t e e e e t e e t tu e e e t are co pound ns s (p rf c , plup rf c , fu r p rf c ) e the t e ses an d t he A t In t Th form d from n of w oris fini ive. e e th se t an d A st fi t e is nding for e pre n ori in ni iv en. Th t a is ex es e b th e a t e C e é P e C . ondi ion l pr s d y p r icl 9 or ( r s . ond b th e m e e t th e e 069 m I I e e t GeAa only) y i p rf c of v rb , wish ( mp rf c fi , ’ st e an d th Im e e t P t h A ori fid kno a ) e p rf c or luperfec of t e verb . Occ asion ally th e third perso n of th e Imperfect of 96h » is used h e a t e in stead of t p r icl 96.

3? 3 A ' e. 9a i d ows ev7 v ec g . w x g we h e a should h ppy . {We/Ms

The Imperfect Conditional of a d epend ent clause in English is h e G ee Im a t a ate b t e e t I t e. . r nsl d y r k p rf c ndic iv

a . If I were. v imo vv 5 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GRE EK GRAMMAR . 7

lu rf In e . e t a s ta t e a e . d penden cl use con ining ei h r p rf . cond or p p t n a e th e e is a a t a s ate t G ee b t h e condi io l v rb , v rb lw ys r n l d in o r k y I e . Co t a mp rf ndi ion l .

' e e ma I e it I . g . 6V 7 0 ﬁé pa 06 7 0 y mean eith er if kn w — s sa it o r if I h ad it I s a e sa it . hould y known , hould h v id

Th e Im e at e 2 u s P s an st e s 6 67 6 d e e . d A p r iv p r on ( r ori nding , ) ma b e se af at e se t e es e at e se t e es y only u d in ﬁrm iv n nc , in n g iv n nc un n v t th e Su t e is se [ i (p i ) wi h bjunc iv u d .

I wa ll/719 e. of e ofl! 6 te n o t te ! 9 7 9 l, wri do wri at 7 pm“ !

The particle 6 g with th e Subjunc tive is th e us ual rendering of th e Imperative for th e ﬁrst an d third person s 5 b ut it is n o t u s ed th e s for econd .

’ 6 6 i0 ’ 660 let him e 9 y, com in . 6 let u w 9 a f wue s te. yp ill , ri 6 d let 9 r te. yp glg, him wri

’ Must is t a s ate b 77 t e th e F e r n l d y p67ra wi h v6. following lik r nch il a t ue f u q .

e. . 7 67ra 6 77 7 61 o u st a him 1 6 1 6 . g p 77 319 , y mu p y

1 2 — A Exercise . .

TIo i) 6 K oip0 60 9 T6V ‘yupeua 6 ©666L V6 ' ‘ 77 0 1567 7 w 6 o w o u d6e6 o u o u I ci e 7 o u 0 1. 7 0 1 TL 7 7 nn o u . V yp n/J ¢ y p xp q ' ’ 67 a 6 41 96 0 6 0 77 6 7 630 6 9 y o u Ka i xa tp67 770 ' 6 7 0 V 677 6 p epo s 7ra pa Ka 6w 6 6 e 6 d a e e et e a w xa V i 7 a o . Ti 9 66 67 Va o E M) Sx ns y p Cm , p y pu 11 67 6 06 66960 77 7 6 Ba n - 6m 6966 67 6 V6 wo u6750 ' 777 6 7 6 6 60 7 6 0 6 9 " d a e A t e 7 6 M xati 66 m m 6 13 0 5 . A xo ucr o 0 137 0 7 oiu a . i fi o ; 67 1. 7 fi yp l p w n 7 ' ' 6 ' i 7 1. 6666 pi; Efip epa [1 69 60 7 6 L66 V Eva chpa o ’ f ' ‘ ' a i. 677 u a 6 7 i d L 6. 0 o 0. 0 So x d AV Kp 7v E / O V . V 7 m a ns 0 ’ 0 7 6 566) wa ° 6 6 6 6) 6 6) E 6 e oio o vv p6669 E6 159 p0 9 9 6 V C . A V V f x ' a fir v 7 ° e ! e e 666m V i o t M v 7 6 6 o 6 Ka t civ . T e T ! fi 6 0 7 p a . iy p xy 6 x p p p f p f ; “ ' ’ ' 6 6 ' 9 0 0 . II 67r6l. 1 7 6 379 A s d ico uo wn e EVa 677 6 7 6 7 pa yo u6ta 7ro i} f epets. p ' t TO V e w Va u u e. y p ub l 5 8 H T AND E A S OR EASY MODERN GRE K GRAMMAR .

6 ia 'r ds th e t e a vmd e ma p , doc or. y pp , G r n . r ' i 1 0 15 6 1 0 z th e sa e. 60 161 4 6 6 1 tr aste ) 1 , l 1 0 , y, t . ’ 67 6 e o s o u f o r m eé ee e. éa o s f ee. p p y , p , r ’ wa a xa Aew I b e e u 7 ' 1 est 7 6 a o i36 th e s . p g, r q , p y , ong wa an aAé} f m f o r le as e 66 6 m e w se. p ( or p ) . , oth r i

E r — xe cise 1 2 . B.

Ma I o u a a t a s b 6 an d y bring y gl ss of wine ( r n . y 1 O u s d an d S t o a h at I a e t ? D yo wi h ( G ubj . ) re d t e book th h v bough When will h e send yo u the money ? D O n o t forget (1 6) to invit e a e a e the t o u If h e es n o t a me him . T k c r dog will bi e y . do p y

I s a a e e t o - A s a s o u a e ea it h ll h v no mon y morrow . soon y h v r d w it A r u an h e o e e S . C u e . s as s c s use A o . y ill b li v ( soon a , bj ) s ? a e o u n o t c ut a ? Run as n o t wim H v y your h nd quickly, so H h a s t o e t o o ate W e n o t e th e se so ea . e com l . will s ll hor ch p ‘

tte t o ﬁ x the A sk et e h e is a Pe s a a. forgo n hour . him wh h r r i n or W e a t e e s a t n He m ust t a e th e Turk . c nno b li ve uch hi g . k h h S ut the l etters t o t e po st . May s e open th e window ? h ’ ’ w i a D t G o 7re u a 7 63 . D t cut th e e . ndow . ( p r ) quickly on p p r on H b a , a it e u d u . h e e s a e e an S . l gh . will ngry if (67 6 1 bj ) h r Wh n will the lectures b egin ? I shall speak t o him (Gen ) a bout (yui) m Ca u n a it he am I t o t e t D o t e . . e o h ll yo r bro h r . conc l W n

- expect them t o morrow ? You must ta ke care n o t t o take cold . et us at can I o ﬁ er o u ? L go quicker . Wh y

I ta e a e w o q e w I cut x6 >7 w. k c r , p x . , 4 I w m x 6 v 1r a Ou d s 0 dw I am . i , p . ngry, p ' i m ‘ a z w e to o ate 6 6 w I e x . to co l , py . conc l , p B '

éw da eua . ea < 7 vd . Iex e t w o o eVw. . ch p, p n p c , p y Aor p n ’ ’ h 6 t e e s a 6 He a s xa 7 c6. . P r i n , p n . p p Aor ' ‘ ' su a. t 7r 6 ua I ff e 7r 0 0 b 6 w. ch hing, p y, o r, p g p th e st i 7 60 7 6 po , ) .

P I E F ASS V ORM .

a ea Ma Th e Pa s sive proper s eldom h as its origin l m ning . ny e b s u t an d t e a e m t an a t e v r occ r only in his form , h n h v os ly c iv a I m e . 6 a e. m e . o t ning, g px p , co a m S e Some verbs occur in both ac tive an d p ssive for . om of these have th e ordinary active an d passive signiﬁcation of th e v erb 3 b ut th e majority h av e 5 9 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

' ’ ’ mb m . A re ex e e : 76vc w I m 7 6w o u ra t I y l ﬂ iv forc X é , co b ; X g / , co a h ir . w A m t ea t e . 2 . reciprocal force e e ch o h r

P t resen .

' l .

( 0 16 6 06 ) 6 0 7 6 ( 6 0 - 96)

3 6 O 7 a L a L 7 m. v o vVT )

En dings for contra c ted verbs in dw

Per n s . i S g . 1 2 60 m. 3

Fo r contracted verbs in 66 ) an d many in d o) P ens . P n r l .

1 t o ﬁ a i e p Lo up o m . ) ' 2 LeO' a t L60 7 6 3 ’ ce7 a l. Lo in /7 m

Im e e p rf ct . Pln r .

O li/La 0 ' 7 ' 6 w/LQ O' T G)

- 0 150 6 0 7 6 60 6 0 7 6 ) ' o uV7 a V o uV7 a V 0 V7 0 v0 ' a V)

Fo r contracted verb s in oiw

P r e s . l 2 3 . 0 13 V7 6 V( 6)

’ F o r m so e contracted verb s in ew an d aim th e same as above ' t ' l. e xe e. . Lo v0 0 v &C wi h pr ﬁ d, g V, . 60 H T A R A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GR MMA .

Conjugate th e Present an d Imperfect Passive O f th e followi n g verb s

' 6 L I a m s 66 w I as 77 6VO a t e 7r v . / , w sh y lf ( , w h) I am st I s I e w se . lo , p ri h (d , lo )

K O t o ﬁ a i I ee . p p , Sl p ' ' e w i3 ra t ev0 w 6w I am t a te m e 0 7 vo o o 7 e . x p / ( x p , s r i n d , co p l)

K d L I sit . GO/ a t, down

A st ori . Ending s ( Indicative)

Pars Sin Pln r . g . .

1 0 m Hxa u e m ﬁ l 2 97710 5 9 977K67 6 (975K6 7 6) 3 977 a a v (Oﬁxa ve)

The A ori st Pa ssive is formed from th e st em of th e A ori st A t e th e a e Pa ss e t e m at s e s st t te th e c iv , bov iv r in ion b ing ub i u d for c h n d ff th e e s a t cm & . t e A t e a a e t e . , of c iv , c ing pr c ding con on n d iﬁ eren tly from the A ctive A ori st Th e follo wing t able shows t hese differences

P ese t A st A ct A t Pa s . r n . ori . oris s 5 x9

éwei a a 6 7ret ci 97 xa t o a . p f ( ) p x 7 , nnoy

43 9

z a a é d be xa to te. yp ip yp g n , wri

0 '

' ' G L to t ea . O X O G. r

0 ' 9 y ' ea a to lose .

' 6 677 7 0 6 d a ﬂ a to e . 7 7 y ﬁa , lov

' a tv a v 60

. ea 7 a w é é to a . e. g { cm a va w rm

6 an d p 69 an d p9 ’

6 6 e Ka to a . e. . e w > a é g qb p

I ' I N TE — Ex e t s as d xo uw 6K0 u0 a d e o vo ﬂ xa O c p ion occur such , , n , o te t lis n .

H 62 A S ORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

Th e second person plural is th e same as th e Passive A orist S t e ubjunc iv .

—It w b e se e t at t Im e at e e B. e N. ill Ob rv d h his p r iv is d riv d from M e A st an d n o t m th Pa s t e s e. t h e ancien iddl ori , fro iv

I I IT NF N IVE .

h A st is se the mat n O f m t e es an d T e ori u d in for io co pound ns , is th e sa me a s th e third person of A orist Su bjunctive in pro h the S u t e e th I iatio n t e 7 e t e . n un c , 37 of ubj nc iv b coming 7 in nﬁni iv

A A t I Pa s . st s t Pres . s ori . ori nﬁni ive.

6a V 6 L O a L to w . e. g . Z p borro

M EN E CO POUND T S s .

at t ese an d th e C t a is an d The form ion of h ondi ion l obvious , h e may b e seen in t e tabl .

P T P TI I ERFEC AR C PLE .

' ' T P Th e ending is n evo s p eV O ) . he erfect Participle is formed from the Passive A ori st in th e following manner

’ 1 th e Pa s e A st e es o evo th e Pe e t . 0 9 in s iv ori b com n g in rf c Participle A t o r Pa . A P A c . o r . Pass Pa . e . . t Pres . . ss rf r

’ ' ' ' i w I tea . w a O LO ILGVO e. . a S g x ﬁ , r o X I

' 2 e e evo s . X0 b com s ya

’ ' ' I an n o 77 6 L a wet e e. . wet w . 6 a a vo g d , y p f p yﬂ g

3 ( 9 e m e EG/0 9 . 6 b co s “M

’

ci w I w te. z a 6 6 e. c la 0 97 a evo g . yp p , ri yp tl 14 95 7 yp pp s

' 4 0 a e e evo s . usu lly b com s n

' w I es . 67 1577 00 0 6 m w e e. . 7 v77 6V vo g , pr s p s 63 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

Some verb s in 060 h ave

a dw I t st . lp , hir

/ &0 I un e . wen 0 , h g r

Th e Perfect Pa ssive Participl e is Often u sed in st ea d O f th e A orist Infinitive in a ctive or passive compound t en sesf Instea d ' ’ ei a ofll et w e a e ei a a I evo I h ad tte a n d tea of x yp p , h v x yp / p , wri n ins d ’ we m e mm a e m ve a i evo v it h ad of eixe or co only h v fi yp a/ , b een writt en .

Intran sitive verbs m ay have a Perfect Pa ssive Participle '

n d n ewdw a e . n e w I ass h a s n e c 6t dw a a o a evo . ( f . ¢ bov ) d , p , p y g

Examples of some verb s in th e Passive V oice (where th e A ctive is n o t given there is non e)

A r Im P P o . . e . a t A t e . p rf r . c iv

' da o v a LeVO S civw x x / X , I lose.

7 a 3 t0 i3 ta t 7 a 8 7 0 u 7 a 3 7 . 6V0 9 7 a 863 p , p p , §§ p , ryp p l ,

I a dr w .

' ' a uM o i o p a t 0 v660 yc0 ' 0 u

I e . t t u e s e consid r ( hough f l, p n iv ) .

( 0 0 6 6 1. bo cro v SO L w 6 3 6 g flfi (q fi Z ) , (I am afraid) (Imake afraid)

x R z 1 7 0 1) (6) Ko mﬁen a o /. 5 0

* ’ (éfilfifxw a ficw svo s

' ’ Ko u ci o a t K o u a a evo K o v d w p jc n p p s p é ,

I t e ir .

The e 07 m te e 7 v m es e a nding 7 is of n pronounc d y , p ci lly

a te ( ) <7 . f r X, I, 64 H T M A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAM AR .

' I I ' I O LXa woy a t ( 6 ) cn xa 9777< a O LXa 6 0 u (I dislike)

' 6 6 66 0 1 ' pV6y a l. p 0 0 v

' f o vpt éo y a t f o upio o u

i3 v 7 7 xa v ' 0 9vy 0 y a i. 9 y §9 7 9 y 750 v (I rememb er)

Xpewifo y a t (I n eed)

' $a 77 66V0 y a t 5 6 77 6616 0 1) f a 77 60 y 6V0 s (I go to b ed )

Exer i I3 — A c se . .

T6V6 ( o Ba u m 6 t 66V 7 6V6 So o u a L Ka 9660 u. T6V Ka t 6 677 0 1 t / ; X , q B y p ) 6666 6 63 u o 66V 7 0 V 6 o o u 0 vV 6 0 6 K . M ny o uva 9 7 7} E p ¢ fl y , 7 V qbofln971 a 77 e' ' ! a 6 LV6 Ka66 w77 66 a 6 we a . Ka 6 7 0 V 060 3 0 0 0 6 9 V9p 0 9 V 9 ( 7 tp fg O 7 l. i V ” ' i601 SEV 96 cbo fio iiy a t . K o ty 67 a t 6 6666669 0 0 u O X" 66V 6K 0 Ly 7§9777< 6 ’ 6 i a t K u a a é o O L . K 7 A c 0 i3 e a o v V K 9 o c a o u. K 67 7 a 6 6K6y 7. [> p y s y n fig y fi $ ’ ' ' ' 6 . y i) 66pw9fig 6IV6 66m m ; 9 7 6V 6p y o T6 y a V6156t a o u 6IV6 66pwy 6V0 . ’ ' ' T6 O Ku6i a 697 K6 . N6 a 9 a O Ka 6 ! Mi v 6 7 0 7 6 y s X 7 x fi9 , y p y 95 5 779 I I A I I I a a 77 6 L ta n 9a a 90 uV . T a 97 1< 6 7 V Ka a a yp yy a 7 a s 7 0 7 p § , y x p flnx 7 s 77 y p ' ' '

i 660 76 0 a t uM o f o a t 7 6V 6560 o u . A E 77 77 6 y o u. T 0 u 7 E y g y 9 y V w c6 " ’ 5 ' Kpa m 7 6 6 K66¢7 779 6x97) “ 77 6V00 7 o u Ka i 7 0 V 66 x67 w0 6 . ' ’ Ti (Spa 96 Ko ay n9ﬁs ®uy 66 a t 7 6V V 6 OV 6K6iV0 V 77 o i) y c60 i30 ' 6 7 6 ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ‘ A H ?) K L 6 7 6 EK6 iV0 6 Ka t 6 ' a 6 7 737? 6V LK6 ; 0 O a 6 ; 7 V p6V pL0 K67 V s 7 ? BL6VV77.

y a a e s a u se ma o u b e 6 1 11 0 st . x , . x ﬁ , c r ( y y lo ) z w 6 a a a a ma — a 7 6V xa 6V 677 0 0 en . x s s e f . p , h n p , k r ool , z ny sky— m a m e 2 6 m s. . 6 p , Syro , no or but 6 “ 6 5 7 7 5 th e ef bbe 66 6 6 . , 4 1 3 thi , ro r .

67 7 m lti n w e eve . c mm d I . , h n r , kill ’

6 A . 6 vmd me a K v7 7 d w I . 7 . f , look pp , Ar ni n th e mud eb fa lco a t I am Je . ( p y ) ( mwe 6 6 6 o s th e wa tr . p y , y, ) '

7 6 ou/611 6 1 th e a e ef . i Bt ew e n a. y , h ndk rchi ) n, Vi n A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR . 65

3 — is 1 . B Exerc e .

im A cc use A st h . e No w I am I am afraid of ( ) ( ori of v rb) . ' e use A o r G vM o thinking of your fri nd ( . of n op a L or Ovp o ilpa t) . h at Th e ett ar l s e t . e s e a l t I a e Yo u ought t o con id r l r los . h v ea an d t th e e d a I a m t e I been r ding wri ing whol y ; now ir d . w au lia ast ee sa th e a st ee H wa a s in N p l w k ( y p w k) . e s dressed H i n o t s u se . e s sse e I u n a D e e t . o t in bl ck . r s yo r lf dr d y co ld He st t t o e He et s a e . e e mse th e go sl e p . will g h v d r ch d hi lf on n d e a s ee D o o u w a t ground ( Xd/Lo v) a f ll l p . y n Xpecafjzem t) the l Li th e s a e m n e st ? e . et o e a t e knif i l down on of Th y no h r .

' N i'trM a th e s fa 6 n a va we ' au a 7 6 a z . s. N pli , o , ' I ess to meet o n e a t e m a vo a z f m dr , no h r, y ( ro i / t m ail/w ta e z a l s I . I ess m se f Wh o . s dr y l , p Aori , , k ) Aori t , ’ 5 1 7 15 6 0 0 e f ass a t m a V 69 m rat . 7 ca . I e . . . . a évo s m p Aor P r P P r . , y . a t e e f ass P r icipl P r . P .

V ERBS WITH CONTRACTED PRESENT (INDICATIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE) A ND A o s rsr' S J TI UB UNC VE .

In speaking some verbs are contracted in the tenses above e e e t Th e t a t s re as s r f rr d o . con r c ion a follow

N T - Th s te e m are a s se th e A O E . e hor n d for s l o u d for orist

Su u 6 77 60) e e s a I ? t e e. . 77 0 6 v bj nc iv , g wh r h ll go 66 H T AND A S OR EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

Present Contracted A orist Contracted I . S ndic form . ubj . form . I eat . va a m ( ain) e a s A o r S ( ) ¢ y p , us d . ubj . ' (7 pu wco) O f

Tpoﬁyet?

7 po§yec

’ 7 u> o u e p y ,

7 pu3y67 6

7 p6>yo uv(6)

Present I di n e .

I W ish.

966 603

666 9 1.

' 9660 uv(6)

’

I am n is t a te e x6a cw. wro g , con r c d lik

4 — A Exercise 1 . .

i ' ' H0 ?) 96 77 69 (9 6 77 60) s 7 6 9ca 7 po 2 6 96a 7 p0 3 ' A A 2 7 6 966 7 p0 7 779 7Ta /L6 v6 T6 ' 6 “ ﬁ 6 m a 6 6 . A a a 9 66 W ( i/ p A67 0 666V 7 p6we 77 0 7 ¢p0 i37 c n ; gto ﬂo w l. ' ' ' ' u 7 0 u 36 0 TL 9 6 9660) v6 77 660 6) 7 6 e w. o u. TL K6a f f i g [ 600 s ; X p y g , I ’ A \ x I‘ ' I ' I K o c7 t M6 6 8a K 7 a t 86v 677 677 6 a. 77 w . u6t . u V 7 0 0 p g Y a G G 7 0 O K E ¢ g, p p fys 66 6 6 77 ‘ 0 II c 6 1. 6 0 6 6 0 7 o 6s 7 1. 669 6 upy69

5 ' ' 7 6 ( o iJra th e f u t . a 7r a I us . pp , r i p w , p h ' h ab t m st wAé vw 7 6 6m I was 6 67ro u 6s t e e e . ( ) , h . py , (c in ) ini r

' aa mi rw I b i e . y , t M R 6 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAM A . 7

1 Exercise 4 . B .

a n d d sa eat W e e Let us go ine ( y ) . h r is h e going ? He is

t o et sh a e . at are o u eat ? I a m eat u t going g v d Wh y ing ing fr i . ’ What would yo u like ( n 969 ) t o eat ? Sh all I go hom e n o w ? at are o u ? W e a e st o ur m e Wh y crying for h v lo on y . You dine ate at o u sa ? I sa t t u ar e . a o e n . N0 v ry l Wh do y y y h y wro g , t ar w your bro hers e rong .

IRREGULAR V ERBS .

Aoris t AON St ‘ Imperati ve . i n P ur l . S g. 6va tBa fx/w B ( Elva/Sa turn ) I go up 6vat 3 6vaiBa a m : 6 7 6 (6vnBa ix/ w)

d ie 7 &9d 67ro €aypéuo s

' ' 6 6 0' w I ease 6 6 crw p , l p 6 i ww I eave 6< i ww 661 1 0 6 6< i 0 7 6 6< évo s

7i7 6 é s i Be ge: I ut la ailw 3 076 611 0 9 p , y B 6 (Bob/co ) Pass Ba to ?) a t lam weary (n t éﬁmﬁ 1 8 7 0 0» (67 66 6 60 ) I pull o ut 3 7 66 6 3 7 66 7 6 (By d ) Pass ' a fuw I o o ut By , g

' 6 6 » I see iBw evo 8 m , p s

’ e w I wet Bp x ,

I ﬁnd

— NO TE 387 6666) is d erived by metathesis from an d ’ m s a 3 a ivw Ex a ivw. imil rly , y fro ﬂ 68 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

— Exer ise If) . A c .

~‘ ‘ o / ‘ IIo z cit 6 Kain » EIVG 6 Ku ML . A d Ve n x g ; p d ys s ﬁﬁ y a n y/y r}.

’ d) - ' u w ? 71 d . d d a t m l. ve d A EV 7rO 63 v v 7 2> 0 8 l. o u 0 13 eo e 6 y p fl , y o p y 2 p 1 1 A x 1 1 7 1 1 ' ' ' Ma MO T a o u a eo e wo Au. To u a x 3 6 wepwra ro ; , y p y o x fin e V 1 1 1 3 1 fi 1 1 1 ' ' » T‘ a e 1 T O BAefl w 7ro u96va . Mum ; O a o s s 7 7V Ka y a pa y o u ; PUPGl/IG ‘ V A f P f ( f 3 ‘ ' O . A GV T O u a Ka t 3 6V vrw r euw a T O va T o flpys (T Bpns) n p o n 9 f o fipw . 1 t A 9 1 i t 1 A ‘ a e O a a c. 0. Na 7 0 77 So uAa T O a x Bak el. 9 T py p 69 was 9 TO y a ya zc ’ ’ - ' ' a d 71 d ay cit/ e a x eui . Ba e x 7 6>c fla pco uy c v y p p 9n a T i) ( un i. Mn o pefg ' ’ ’ c B a c e Kd Su dh a i r ?) 7 6 Ka c v c 9€ 6 fl b (li a c . v5 . By yg p b y d 9 X p g " h ” x Eide T O dde . u 3 5363. V dv o u O L 86 c 6m i (7 s b V T O V f 0. g y X , ' ’ ' 3 3 ‘ ' ‘ a / um o u el/6 e e ' e . To ou B l vo e o i 1 e X rég 0 1 7 6 a fiy p y y Bp yy o r v o e T O . A A ’ A Hm Bpédnxeg £80) (How i s i t yo u a re here ?) 0 wa r epa s o - o u {y s 1 v 3 l 3 A 1 I a xo O L a 7ro €a ve our 6 8w Ka t 8uo o wa . y n ; X , xp

7 b é oi z th e u b a min » w sta s. . , do n ir py p , c p o rd uto a x a d ar n u abb ev at o f K s. f . p, r i ion p y p , fl ' M th e f i o rt th e m me . 7 e. ; yy fi, o nt 3 ( y, li 7 b K a fi th e a vro vcl} I h u t. . , r pq , n il f Bv h e eve 7 b 1mBa t th e f t. T b t . p , oo d , ning ' e v 6 1r6 i1 ra ro s th e wa . a r é vw I . p , lk y , dry ’ — 1r m l dwa d w e e. a two ea s a m ueeu o . say , no h r xp , y r g

y perh aps.

— Exercise l5 . B.

Have yo u found my ring ? What ring ? I n ever saw yo u Yes I t t at I h ad n o t s w it to o u I w ith (a) ring . , forgo h ho n y I a e e t it a u bought it yest erd ay evening . h v l f (lying) bo t som e ’ w e e wo udevd b ut I t emem e e e. D id h e th e h r ( ) , don r b r wh r ﬁnd w ea me e m I a w ay alo n e ? Th e ﬂo ers pl sed v ry uch . sh ll have a W e saw him est e a h t oot h pulled o ut (use A ctive) . y rd y with is h a t is m ss e a t e is n o t e e i t m st a e father . T i po ibl , his f h r h r u h v

t e ea$7 0 e w o u o ut t o - been his bro h r ( 7 , Wh n ill y go morrow m evening ? I sh all n o t go o ut I have t o o uch t o do (tran sl ate

D o o u see t s s a - ? is it n o t ett I am m uch work) . y hi c rf pin pr y thoroughly tired of that sort of t hing .

th e t t 7 2) 6611 7 1 ev e 8év oo h , . n r , w zd eve s T b av . th e i ﬁo uixe . yesterd ay ning, M d ork , ; mo sa h e we M i “ - t ﬂo r, s a f in i n a l¥ m c r p , ) p¢ §

0 H T R 7 A S OR AND EASY MODE N GREEK GRAMMAR .

ci i K ipe 11 a To ypo y y a we win y 7) T o flpfi Ka veis Ka i T o Si a fidm) . To A 3 I I I 3 I I A t I o L a Ka en e ®a e w A 6 1 6 m w n T 9 y yg ro ll/ y w 9 T o (7 717 77 1 . 1 6 p im ' 71 b. m e dAa i ( ro a. u 6i71 a M v i cs . K a T T (y o dAw Ta Ka TaAa fl s ) , I ( 7 3 A I A A 1 / a i w a 0 . 6 i u aAo l o A aAAa. bev 7rO w 0 ®o a fl , y p V T o T o b a x u

’ Ma Mc a 9 a To u T o Ho u e a 96 T a w dixa Ta a Oa T a , y g p y , y ( ’ ' e a A a . y a 9a ) s T 7) u Tro M Ka i. 9 T g 07) v s we a ppwc o s own s 0 ” ’ a vO wn' o ‘ O L ew e o vo v eduo evo ' Ka 96 e bo a ba buo a i p s ; X , y y y s B y ( top s " A ' V ' ’ ‘ A d ' e . E r e. ! O L vr eTro a L v ww I La i d O ecra . T v VT a w y g y y X , p y y p ys ;

T T T o aiMu th a e 6 Q a ' o a a k k a b o e . x s the a p y , or ng p y y x , Fr nkish i

T b 7 za wra < uAAo th e se. ua e . p p , ro q rt r e b a ur'ra a T b 7ro f the em I t . a . x p , h nk ny , po T b a etd s 31 a 7 63 I a swe th e . . o , chool , n r

é b ud ba th e wee . B q , k

You have com e (to o) l ate ; I h ave n o time n o w to speak t o ’ ’ w C me t o me sa t o m use at t n ( ith y e) yo u . o ( y y ho ) e o clock to u n o t t th e Can o u t e b t e . m morrow , do forg hour y ll e where Mr Zamaco o ulo s es ? C e t me an d I s . p liv om wi h will how yo u th e o se e n o t to me to - use s h u . T ll him co morrow ( ubj . ) Pick up allth e l etters t h at are (lying) o n th e ground an d burn ’ t e G e m e th e ke . a e t I e it t o o u ? h m . iv y H v n giv n y ’ Shall I say a nything els e ( 11o T iwo r e) t o your broth er ? Y es e h im t s tt e e an d a sk t o tr it . W e , giv hi bo l of win , him y at h sa He s ea s so did n o t und erstand wh e id . p k quickly tha t 37 0 77 o n e ca n e sta him «w eir I ea t t o a ( ) no und r nd ( l rn d y , t h at wa s u t w D o n o t t he th e church b rn (do n) . go in dog wil l te u me are the a es Sm a ea t ? I e o . e e bi y T ll , l di of yrn b u iful nd d I a e e e s ee ett e me a ( efue dkﬁOa a fir e) h v n v r n pr i r wo n nywher e . A bo ut a hundred people were gathered t ogeth er on th e spot h t a W e a e e ea s t s where t e murd er ook pl ce. h v liv d four y r in hi ’ s Sit w a tt e 1 a o u I t sit w I e. hou do n for li l Th nk y , won do n , ’ m C me d o u t th at t ee sa m u I a e t t e. o h v n i o own of r ( y fro ) , y P a a a I e o u th e st . e se e mi a n d young r sc l , or will giv y ick l giv ( n n a e I t o w te to m t D o s me i k a d a t e . ubj . ) p p r ; w n ri y bro h r n o t leave the wine on th e table I know quite well (m yo epa ) th at t h e s it h e will ge drunk if ﬁnd .

’ ’ a 6 w a t s th e mu e 6 7 671 0 3 at t en s w s 8 1m . . o clock , p rd r, 4 ’ t he u 7 w a . f u T ea a a a . ho r, ) p o r , p w th e ee T b Bel/ S a I t r 80 m . d . y, ) f tr , p ’ a é ve th e s (f a -tri ?» cur v b u a u e a tb exaT oa T z . I b q a n . o t h ndr d , yy p gi tick , g g the s t T b e o s po , y p . H T 1 A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR . 7

IRREGULAR V ERBs

st Pres . Aori I ub ndic . S j .

1 ra 0a fvw I suff e i waoa « dew , r wa i vw I ta e wd w wa évo s p , k p py Passive Passi ve ( é)7rcip07) xa r aped:

' a ' i 1ren 6 T eTciEw R‘ ' GT GEG 7r6T a £T 6 {} Egrzzgway ’ w a fuw I ér i a mi c» T ' ' a we ny , go ry ﬁ y

es ub . Pr . S j mi w ( vb) was 7rZiT 6 dy e &y 6 7 6 n it/w I 7ri6 7rieT 6 , drink

' 7r6 7T w Ifa 4 , ll ' 71-A 6 w I sa , il ' 7r11 6 w I b eat e , r h I s well wpnorxoy a t { up } i e a l/ w I ft u BO' T e m , li p d a ass ve P i . a ' cdvo a z Ista u a s wer?) a w T e m y , nd p n n ﬁ

c T a ivw I e e t r c , { 6 7 1 101 1 O' T ﬁd eT e d Tny évo s set up ” n a 0 Gu I st , A nd ' ' 0 7 a a T dO o v O T aOnT e a ién oy at stand Im 6 es e . a 7 m Pr . p r ' ' T e I u ish { O e /a O e/6 O e/6 7 6 O e euo s p w, no r p d p d p d p yy T é w I run { T e a T é 6 T é 6 6 p x , p g p § p § T Im e a v es e. Pr . p r ti ' ' T e ciT e T pexa. p x ’ i ' T ar w I eat ( 7 m w ' e o ' e a evo p y , 4m (pdy (poty (p y T e (p y oy s ’

ass. a. w a aT e P

Exercise 1 — A 7 . .

” Er e a Koi w 6 7 ' - i 67T 0 0L To K e oiA . a T Ka XT ) cﬁ L y o u TL 671 01 96 ; (What h a s a e e t o o u IIO Lo m e T a 0 ' L /oi u A G 71-7 e Ka h pp n d y ; ) p 7 pa y o V ToL ) p veLg . M 71' ai A / i - 7 9 To a LbL LoLT L To eLo o a L. Ho n 0L K 0 V86AL0L o u 6 6 L ) p)) l , 7 xp Cy y X 9

/ wa eva ( U T w a. 7r e7reL vo. ew e Ka oLbeK oi II7 oLw e py S p p n a pL . )7 A EV 6 o e Ka L oV d oi e to se M ' LoL ' ' x y p v X a wy ( lo ) . 6 K 6VT7) 0 6 y y eALO O oL Ka L ” T o e L u e O 71 X p y o . To BA VL 6 T o . Eﬁxo u l ’ 861m wpa Ls Eoiv T o v eLboL a 7ro y a xpeLoL eo Ta OnKa ’ ’ ' ' voL 9w. T oiO o u 7 oLTr 8w TL T 6 K 6 0LL Ka L e Ku oi E v ( 7 6 o . 0 0 TT eL v ¢ , y ) ln y C s ” ’ ’ ’ T e - a e e a L ! e x e b. 7 p x (t p y o u T o (t 7 ETux y u y pa v )y a a Te y o gi} .

To u u7ro o 6 7 Ka voi T O V a u Lo v Mo u Koi7rw X 9 7 p . s

' w ' ‘ ' wa pa f evo g . EXoip7) 1< a 71 o u ( hen) a K O UO a m u? 0 7ra T epoLs 0 o u ’ ” 6 / e oi Ka A . e 7 w Eﬁy pa eqba ya 7ro Au Ka L y oO KO T o uT o 86V eXO pTa croL.

T un- a I st e T b e Adz/L th e ee e x , rik . B , n dl . ’ T b n ec m th h a w w e ai e e c a . t , d . , h n T b O' L' oi 6 w o th e a ette ic I e. y p , cig r . p B , hid T b a k ibz th s a e e e s s s t e . w , ci or . “ g , og th r ’ T b xo vbém h e w s mew a t e n . n d ws t. , p , o h i xa z Be a z T a o evo w e fu b, x ci ab u n s . t te . yy p , o p f , ond r l ’ / 6 1 w o 7 0 87 0 e o f at . 16 I s . {M t , ting y , in Spi th ’ eAw a th b e y o , e e .

- Exercise l7 . B.

a e a e t at Take th e knife I do n o t wa nt it an y longer . T k c r h ’ is o u t a e e is a the sta s . a y don f ll . Th r no l mp on ir Your h nd t m e W h a h a a ed to o u ? A b ee . swollen . Wh t s h ppen y s ung y ’ ‘ éc 7 e a 0 ‘ is h e n o t up yet ? It is past seven o clock ( eive a i /y ra. r p ’ ’

H m t t e e at six . St ! y eva Ls) . e us ge up v ry morning o clock op ( 0 7 60 Wh ere are yo u going ? No o n e is allowed t o go

t e e. D o n o t s o o u a . e in h r run quickly, or y will f ll You promis d m e t o me W h y o u n o t ee ? Ma e co . did y k p your word k no I b e o u promises (promise nothing) that yo u c annot k eep . g of y ’ n t t o a a He a ea s t o b e a n E ma . T L o go w y . pp r nglish n How ( )

o u ? I am e e t a o u . I am a to ea it . do y do v ry w ll , h nk y gl d , ( h r ) w m That seems onderfult o e .

' ' dAa ' I ee x a T w rc a rew. th e sta s i UK . ir , ) k p, p , p ’ ” ’ h e n s ma 6 A ' k o s O 1 - 7\ é seve 6 77 0. w a Ls . t n o clock , 4 p E gli h n , y y , 7 y ' - o n e is elin itted 66 V 6m T 6 7r6 7 a 1 as. no p , p ( ’ moi 0 6 xa veva we fro . . ll , A 7 3 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GR MMAR .

IMPERSONAL V ERBS .

I A st . P es . r ndic . ori ' d ' T a e d o T d eL it t e s . O L p ¢T , ligh n p p

a beLoi a it w s late . Bp C , gro ’ i z G G e eL t a s . Bp X , r in Bp E

’ m e 6 T w0 ' e vu TciveL t es . V X , nigh co on ( ) X

O VT i it t e s . BP o, hund r

i s LO VL eL t s . X Z , now ' I i es L/nXaALCeL, t drizzl .

Im e e t p rf c . ’

7r 67r i i sa 671 671 6 A st . eL t s e e . 0 p , n c s ry ( 7 , no ori ) ’ ’ ekeL it e s 6 eAe y , conc rn . y l , V o ta f t it e s T L 0 6 v Loi eL at e it matte to o u ? g , conc rn ( C Wh do s r y ) g/

t A ori s . I it a Ka K o w K e Ka K 0 a V disple ses . o cp n ¢ ﬁ

— 1 8 A . Exercise .

' L T L 3 1 T 6 11 7 A oL 61 Bya weLs ; Mo u¢ a iveTa L 711139 95 . 2 7) 2 y p ) ' ” ' 6 L oL 6 w e. O L Kd r e 3 V LO V eL 0 u voi. Tr e7reL v o X Z X p ¢ 7 y X , ' ' ’ ' 1 ° ' - 7 6A d Nb. 71 0 8 7re eL d y ) L7 0 ia aL y e(till) T a Ls Zubexa 6X6T e Ka Lp v. n

- 0 7 e e is a n a a ead B o w K a i a o T oic r eL. Bp X ) (Th r r i f lling lr y) . p éi p t ’ ’ A 61 - h t d n o m att e t o m 1 y o u y eAeL 8L a im6 (T a o es t r e) .

' v vd f o e . x , o t n

Exercise 1 8 — B . .

I am sorry (it displ eases me) t hat I cannot give yo u an um e a it is a i i a It ‘ has e br ll r n ng h rd . b en t h u nd ering an d

i t e . Yo u m ust et o iT b e e ht mes So t at o u l gh ning g , for nig co on , h y ma n o t se u w a It n m y lo yo r y . does o t att er so much to m e f o r bwi th e m e as th I a e e e st . ( ) on y, for fri nd h v lo

i th e mbr a w é u e o AAa . a T o e a ll , y p h rd , p y p . 4 H T 7 A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREE K GRAMMAR . N UMERALS .

a a s . O a s C rdin l rdin l .

i i 1 7r 1 Zva Lo 61 0. o>T7 . s, y , p ) , ﬁrst 2 6 3 66 . 3 0 8u0 7 0 0 ( ) 0 9 , “ ' 3 L . T e T La. T LTo p g , p p s, ' ' ' 4 G ' ' G ' ' ' . T O O O L T eo o e L T eo o a a L T e0 0 e a T eTa To s p ( p s) , p s, p p , ' 6 1 e 5 . 71 1 7 6 7r T o qS s, er 6 . 65 L ( KTO S t 7 e Toi

’ I 8 1 6 20X7 03 ’ ' ' ‘ 9 611 VL0. 6w a To s ' bexa T o s‘

6 I ll 6 0€Ka 7 0 . eK gVOGKa V eVT a. ( ) 9

I2 . Sé bexa bwbé ca To g ' ' I3 eK e ' beK oL béxa To ‘ T LTo . S i L a s, a s p s ' ' I4 ' ' e a eK e e 6m . T To . b a T O O pO L 8 T p s ' ' ‘ T ecro e e beKa T eo o a a. p s, p ’ 1 5 Oé K ﬂ ' G ‘ . a VTG 1 ' 6. beK oif L, bek a ef L

I e 7 . b xa c oi ' 1 8 eKO . S XTo)

I9 . beKo wi/Loi ’' I 2 0 e eiK o . LKo o L o To s d 2 I $1 ( I ' A ' a 2 1 1 eLK o 71 0 . eo o L 61 01 eLK o a L La eLK0 0 L eva o o r 9 9 , y , s p ' I 2 ' e ‘ e o 2 . eiKO O L but) S ur p s 3’ A ' ' ' I 2 3 e ‘ . o o L T GL eiKo o L T LoL p S, p ' ' ' I 2 4 . eiK o o L T eo o a O L T eo o a a L p p s, ' T eo o ' a pa ) ' ' 25 ' f . eiK 0 0 L 7rei T e 2 ' 6. 6 L 2 6 6. 7 . 967 2 ' 8 . dXT o) ’

2 9 . 611 11 Loi

3 T iVToL T LoLk o o 0 . c p s 4 0 ( ra oiVTa . p Tre 7 K0 0 ' 0 5 0 7Te 7 VTa. VT T . V ) ) 9 Q 1 é xo o 6 6 1 7 0. 0 . fn s

é bo w a. 7 0 . ﬁ y ﬁ H T R 5 A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMA . 7

a s O a s . Cardin l . rdin l

80 0 03 1 0 1 3 11 7 0 . 7 3 1 7 01 ( 7 07 ) ’ ’ 9 0 e e evev xo o . v vﬁm n s

' 1 00 . 6K0LT0 6KL1 T0 0 TL59 I0 1 yLLi l 02 360

1 1 0 . 86K0L

' ' 1 20 . eiK0 0 L

' ' ' ‘ 2 0 . K L K 0 8La 00 L0 L, 8La K00 La 9 , 3 La 00 LoL 3 L0 K0 0 1 0 0 Tds ' 0 ' ' ' 3 0 . a K & c oL T 00 L0 L . T L K0 0 L0 0 To p , p s

' ' ' 4 00 . T eTpoLKcio LO L T eTpoLK0 0 L0 0 TLis

' ' 1 r ' 5 00 . 7reVTa K00 L0 L 71 61 Ta K 0 0 L0 0 T69

' ' é ' ' 600 . f a xdo LO L ef a xo a Lo o To s ' 7 00 e ra k dtn L . cfr o

8 0 Ta K 0 ' L 0KToLKo crLo o ' Td 00 . X 6 0 L s ’ 1 1 ' Em a /( 0 10 0 0 9 00 . 6 1 1 6a K00 L0 L 0 7 9 ' XLALO L XLALo a T ds 360 XLALoiba Lg big XLALo o TLis ' Tpeig TplS ' T ecro ' a pa Ls XLALoiba Ls Lo Td 86m . y up a s ’ exom) 6K0L7 0 11 ToiK Ls y upLO O' Tds

1 LALo i / L LALo uVLo o ' To 61 0. y h y s ' I 1 61 0 eKa T oyy upLo .

Th — a n a m 200 a s e Ca a s 1 4 re e e a d . rdin l d clin d , lso fro upw rd

1 h a a t 21 0 ; s lready been d eclined as th e indeﬁni e article . ' ' ' A 6O h as a e t e Sum/ 6311 . T ei T ecro a e are e e a s g ni iv p s, p g d clin d follows

N m n d A cc o . a .

G en .

Masc.

' No m . T eo v a pO L ' ’ A c e a e a c . T o v po us (T o o pLs) I G en e -o oi wv T eo o oi wv T eo ' cra wv . T a p p p

a l Th e numb ers above 200 are d eclined regul r y. 76 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

The ordin al s a bove 3 0 are most commonly expressed by ea the a a m ns of c rdin ls .

Numera l nouns may b e form ed by adding o n e of th e sufﬁ x es ' - u 0i - a - oi - i 7 L a L o . p , p , p , p ) s

bwbexa wi a e . p , doz n

' — O a a VTa Ld um e t two e p p , n b r of for y scor .

' i a. 7T€ Li a e e e ﬁ 71 eVTo VT L ve e ta a al e . p or p ( pi c of mon y of l p ) , h fp nny

bexd L t en e ta a e . p ( l p ) , p nny T La vr oi a e s t t ea p pns, p r on hir y y rs old . t a W GV a e s e . flVp flS, p r on fif y y rs old

D I T I TI F TI NumERALs S R BU VE AND RAC ONAL .

D istributives are ex pressed by means of the cardinal s with th e ’ ’' t - x 171- 0 8u tw o a e e ur 6 K0 0 L e s 0171 0 e e e. . 0 é o b L pr po i ion pr ﬁ d , g , pi c , , t e t a e e w n y pi c .

Fractions are expressed as follows

' ' ' L0 ' 0 a 7 0 L0 ' o th e a T0 T LTo th e t y 9 , h lf y , h lf (noun) p , hird h ua t a s O 77 6 1 th e t & T0 7 6Ta 7 0 t e e 7 0 T 7 0 77 0 c . p , q r r ( l o d ) 5 0 0) ﬁf h

Th D a th ee Th e M t . e ys of e W k . on hs

i i

S a 0 Io wo uo Lo Ja a . 7 Ku La K7 . s ) p ) , und y p , nu ry ' ' ( F M a De ua L e a . 7 A euT e a . 0 o o s ) p , ond y ﬂp p , bru ry ' Ma a Moi T Lo . 7 T LT7 e . 0 s ) p ) , Tu sd y p , rch i ' ' 7 Te T 7 TeT aiS e es a . 0 A 71 LAL0 9 A . ) p ) ( p n) , W dn d y p , pril ’ ’ i ‘ Ma e 71 a Ma Lo . IIe m II . 0 7) cp ) ( y Thursd y s, y ’ ' J e IIoL a O K eu7 F i a . 0 Io 6VLo . 7) p ) , r d y s, un ’ i i 7 5 0 7 0 Sat a 0 Io 6)\Lo Av o s J . 0 0 . s 2 3 3 , urd y ( pn ) , uly

' 0 A6 o u0 7 0 9 A u st . 7/ , gu ' ew é Lo ec T e Lo Se 0 E T p s, E p p s, p

t emb er . O t e 0 c ob r . ’ N v e 0 No e Lo e . p g, o mb r ’

0 A exe Lo D e e e . p s, c mb r

8 H T 7 A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

1 He is t ea e ' a Li ( 77 60 001 Xpo vdiv eiye for y y rs old ( fue O p VTa xpo vd w) . e the e tee t Fe a Th e ea h as He will arriv on igh n h of bru ry. y r t we e t s the t t t d a th e d a t e t - s lv mon h , mon h hir y ys , y w n y four hour , m tes an d th e t e s x s s h s xt t e . t e hour i y inu , minu i y cond How much (71-00- 0 0 ) did yo u give for it ? I gave six pound s for it sa — h o w m o u b u it ? I t it six s ( y for uch did y y bough for pound ).

th e ass 7 0 T OT L. th e se 7 0 86 v7 6 0A67rT o . gl , ﬁp cond , p wAa - wi w h m e i to o to b ed . t e u u g , y f po nd ( on y) , A p .

th e m u e 7 0 2 m1 e . in t ,

PREPOSI I N T O S.

A ll a l t a e the A at e Case a te t e usu l y k ccus iv f r h m .

’ ’ ’ - t a h Av rL e . 6 t . ins d of y , wi

. wa oi t a 077 0, of , from p , h n . t Sui a . 7r 0 e e . , on ccoun of, during p , b for b 6 2 at t . t a s . 9 , , p, in , for, y ow rd i ' ' b Lo 3 L w t t Ka To . L Lo . , y X p q , X g, i hou i

ero t . y , wi h

’ st ea A c e an n t d V T e t . d as a G e . L 9 , in d of, us d wi h occ ion lly Wi h ' th e A sat e the din -L s te e t ccu iv form s occur of n s .

’ ’ t 3 / ic 0 67 0 1 7 A a e i t a e tea E. LinT 1 0 b b To u e g . ; ) O cjx s his bro h r c m ins d of im h .

’ ’ o wTLs is also u sed in conjunction with th e preposition Sui (7 nd) .

’ ' ’ ’ ’ ' Aw ' 1 s a E. e a A e e e a L h m te g . y o y v awrls 7 L0i 6K6 vo v e scolded e in d of im h .

1 01 1 4 is n s 1 an d the u t e 011 7 5 9 or 1 7 29 7 0i ofte u ed with 1 0i. s bjunc iv ’ e 0 1 2 a. bLa 7r 6 s a a n h e a s . . . 0 7 v ai a i L te e g 6 BQ) , § in d of r di g pl y

’ 0v 0 h as several distinct meanings : it is used to indicate

1 a e e 6 ivr a I e . . 0 a L 07 0 7 7 A c ( ) of pl c , from, g pX y ) p , com from

London .

’ 2 t e a te e Ta l 360 017 0 7 0 two ( ) of im , from , f r, sinc , 9 c rs a te hou f r dinner. 9 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR . 7

’ ' ' ) ' 3 a a t t e e se me e. . 671 La. 01711 7 0 K a O L I ( ) in p r i iv s n , so of , g p , e drank some of this win .

' 7 7 6 0177 0 3 750 000 0 4 a st t e e e e. . Ka deva 6 7 7 0 7 ( ) in di ribu iv s ns , g s 35 77 , w a a i e they received t o doll rs p ce .

-0 . dM a a a 5 ate a a e e. «0 07m 6171 a e ( ) of m ri l , m d of, g y y , cup m d of gold .

' m 1 6 a se e. . To eAa a 0177 0 7 01 Tra T e oL ( ) of c u or origin , of, fro , g ﬂ p ' ‘ o u I e e e it m at e Lin - 690 11 6 07 0 OAe a h e y , r c iv d from y f h r ; X p , a died of choler .

' ’ ' AA e ' . eive Ka L 7 c a t a e . 7 0 737 0 T o oL71 0 Kew t ( ) of omp rison , h n , g p o, his is ett t a a b er h n th t . Idioms

7 6 m?) 7 0 a a i I a at a . p y y z, c ll Shop ’ ’ - M a o v I asse t M 67 6 a 0 a 071 0 7 0 év . p x , p d hrough unich ' ’ ' ' s wa 7 1 Liy e 0L71 0 3 63 llet us go t hi y. ’ 71- 0 0 T o 7rf)pes ; where did yo u b uy it ? 3 7 3 di oL a n a o . 6363 Ka i io. y p , hour g

A L oi (ywi) ta kes the acccusative an d means

i I e. L0L 01 1 1 l I a t . 7 aTa 610 0 1 3Aa a tTo al t at ( ) on ccoun of, g 7 xpﬁy 7 , h u t e happened on a cco n of mon y .

’ ' ' / 2 e. . 1 LK L01 I 61 0 0 0L 7 0 a m TL L0. 3u0 ciVLa e the ( ) during , g ) 7 xp , hir d se wo ea s hou for t y r . Idioms

' / wh ? 0. i 0. L T 3 L T L (7 ) , y

i t at . bu) . vo , so h ‘ t ux b. i e t so t at n o . b v y ) , l s , h ’

7 0 7 0 7967 0 0 40. T La T dkk a I s it t ee a 7 7 p np , old for hr doll rs . ’ ’ / 1 I a m s ea Lb LALT) L0L 0 61 0L o u . ( )y 7 , p king of y ’ I ha 00. Lb. 7 7 u 7 0h a a to C ta t y ) , s ll go w y ons n inopl e. ’ ’ 8611 o u 6A6 L 1 L (1 67 0 It es n o t e me y y 7 , do conc rn . ’ u 7 0 70 1 To Ae ere . o ea ? 1 y , whom do y m n (of whom do yo u that 8 0 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

’ e i o e t a e th e A a d s k ce. n ea ( , ) k s m ns

1 ’ ’ ’ t to a a e e. . m a zvw s T u Ma m a v I am ( ) mo ion pl c , g yy h ym , going t o Ma esia gn .

i 2 est a a e K dﬁer a c s 7 0 To i} ( o u o u h e ( ) r in pl c , ﬁ y , . ’ i es ln m i e s u se l v y fr nd ho .

’ 3 t me T a t Sw a n - { h w e t e ﬁ t . ( ) i , 9 s on f eenth of July

’ ' 4 se s 7 6 L w e sat t o ta e ( ) purpo , a y , down bl

(food) .

’ t o d 5 a 7 5 b G . ( ) in o hs , 9 y

Idioms

’ i h i86 7 6 5 63 at t t e t . 9 7 0 s 9 9 , look in ligh ' i u o o Se o I t a w a b EKa a Eva. T t . p y p s q yy p , ook lk y moonligh i ' ’ Kd ﬁera t “ 7 0 13 Pew t o u h e es at G e e se 7 6 0 6 7 1 is s py , liv org s hou ( 7 5 t und ers ood) . ’

d foa t . 9 po , in urn ’ ' h n d o ek t e e . 9 T f o s, in

h A ce an d ea K a n d takes t e . m ns

’ ‘ ‘ e. d h 1 e t . er a we a r 7 1 V W o xv a fa v e e t a ( ) dir c ion , g éy K ) p p , w n long t h e j etty .

b a e . aw . 2 a e e . Ka r v ( ) m nn r, g xn , y ch nc

3 e t an d st t o e. . Ka r a m tg 7 61r ug a ( ) d ﬁni ion di inc i n , g o , ccording t o th e e e t e a es a ‘rd 7 6V Ka L oV a to th e r sp c iv pl c ; K p , ccording w a e ther .

— NOTE Ka r o? wh en u sed in th e literary an d polite dialect o c ’ a a a t e A e i ll t a e the n an d e s . . é c cas o n a s G e . o a r a y k m n g ins , g p n K

cro u h e s e a a st o u . , pok g in y

e n o t m th e s e t ue. p. 7 05 is com on in pok n ong

- l e t e the ex e ea oi. a a It t akes th e G ni iv in pr ssion p X p g, joyful y w t h o ( i j y) .

2 8 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

' a, (53 ! d o rk cro v e d urov T ow It o o v 32V Iﬁxea . AMnV pm 9 y ﬁ y (1 137 5 T o A yI I A I A ( w kha e e Ka Xa w. va a e . e ? 1 rpa yy a . PvAa f T O y y n x n E o y p ) 7 719 7 A 27 A 9 I s A I I ‘ ' ' ' ' A va r o kns exo uv e o r a mvxxea 7ro v ew e Ka M tr epa a n o T o ura . Ee 7r0 0 o 7 A I a A a I 7 A c a ' eLSL. 0 L e m eK eL To v e w a. T O T a Ka cpo y 7rOpw vo. 1 m ; v p 9 S xepo c w I s a! I 9 A A Q ' 8 e ec o. a e eK ewa 7r v e u to v. A ur 6V v o a r e cpuya v Ka ro. T O ( ppo p o x K y p y 3 I T Q I A I A 7r 0. BLa a w a a ( LOG e T a a n a. o u. ev o w v o e d uro g . T da (7 ) y y y y p B y s A A 9\ c I a I I M V e 7 11 e 8o o. Sa. evo cm o e 7 7 V a a ur 7 0 un . e TO va 1 1 3 s a a o (lg y n ] y 1 , y g 7 K y p A A 7 I \ \ I 3 I v a Me TO V Ka t O V a. e a o K a t a ur . IIo u y e Tero w. ty xp p 0 g x y o

’ uw I av e 7 b e o s th e a t e w e t . . y , r l y p , p r , r gion é h e em 6 c J o s th e ea . 6 é e s t e . p B , f r x p , n y ’ ' ' w - m w 7 b o u zo y th e f a t co w) 7r i ea to . p p , rly orro ¢ p p , ort 6 63 he t m . 7 5 s t . orning 4 , ligh u he 6 M5 0 3 th e eas . { a t . 7 , r on 7 wxp , cold

2 — B Exercise 0 . .

W e h e was t . I e ask d him wh ere ( rans . is) worked from eight ’ th e m t e e th e e e He e t o clock in orning ill s v n in v ning . w p for

his o I e him - b his o sa . e e . In e e j y ( y, for j y) r cogniz d y voic v ry I a se t e e e e t en s e . e t t ette t a o u hou h r w r oldi rs kn w h b r h n y . th e t wo is t e ? Let t s w a He Which of your bro h r us go hi y . t a e t at he m a s ea t m wen b y V ienn . T ll him h y p k wi h e a t ’ He es n o t it th e sa e e t . e He igh o clock do do for k of mon y .

e t a / / ai an a o Fo r w n aw y ( eh e (ten m s) hour g . how long (ya 7rdo ' o v Ka tpov) have yo u hired the room ? He is going t o Smyrn a H b n ext t f ew M o va . e e e e ten tes mon h ( yﬁ ) will h r in minu . w h He s it h i o w Th ey will n ever go it yo u . doe with s n hand s a w e t o th b th e s a . e e t ( y h nd) You ill do w ll hir room y mon h . In spit e of his industry (y e 3M; 7 37V h e did n o t s e o u e me a t sa a a at ucce d . Will y l nd hou nd dr chm s four per th e e ? e t . sa c n ( y, for hundr d)

‘ u t I e e i w n il , r cogniz , v p g . m n 7 6 w wi th e v e th e . f in orni g, p oic , ; ew/ th e eve i n ) ov e a B 7 . in n ng, d . Vi nn , l ) a d a edl’ w the o 4 . to su ee K T o . j y, ; x p cc d, p 8 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR . 3

A D ER V BS.

t me an d a e are as e s t e Ma a e e . ny dv rbs of i pl c us d pr po i ions g ,

a e t et e a e o u t me. O s a s p g , og h r ; p g y , wi h nly mono yll bic pronoun , we e are t t th e G e t e t e a e th e a e ho v r, hrown in o ni iv in o h r c s s dv rb ‘ t o t t a e e s e. a e is used toge her wi h no h r pr po iti n g . “ r y e r ots am n t the t e . o g, wi h o h rs

o r P A DVERBS LACE .

i M i i w . 3 ; mi w u mivw a e u e 7rd dwo wo v v e . e e , bov , p, ( ) ( ) , com p i h mi w e sta . v , is up irs

K ci r w e w . ﬁr o xdrw dr o xdrw se t li , b lo , down ( ) , u d wi h mo

as a e s t n e e eat . ZAa Karm e w following pr po i io , b low, b n h , com do n . V 3 3 ‘ I I ' I 7 0 a a TT G VG a 7ro xa 7 w mm 7 0 L MO th e ette w as e the yp yy I BB , l r und r book .

” ’ ’ - E 6) o ut owré w cm é ts e e. . eive 6 m h e is $ , f , ou id of, g 5 , h u se t d w am; 7 5 G r t s e t e . o u . dw m f a , ou id of ho ’ i m sa 07 I ea b a I at e a a Lvw d 7r 2 e t . dio ic u g y O 5 , l rn y h r

’ ’ ‘ ’ i i ’ ' - s e m) e a e e. . 2 M e o u c cr O a e a e . M. o , in , in id , y , y s, g y , com in i i i i i e e 6 wo c W at the a ? e e e m e v o a. 7 r i K a cri o a y s ﬁp ; h is in gl ss y p y , i t he e is it i ' e ' l ease me t wa e . K o7ru o 7 e O a r win in y pl (co ) in his y , please.

’ i E 7: a e e s te ' ' o 7r a. i e. s o 7r 0 0 7 e . y p o , forw rd , b for , oppo i ( y p s, y p s) , g i i i i i ' ' ' ' '

7r 0 0 7 a 0 o u 7r 0 0 7 a. eo eva e 0 1 e o u ese e . y p , or y p s , b f y , in your pr nc i i i i ' ' h ' 7r 0 0 7 a O 0 777 7 7 e e t e se . y p s T 1 , b for hou y 7rpo o 7 a s a m o v eyw Sev ’ ia- r e a s w t I am n a t T o t . E 7r ! e , in comp ri on i h him no hi g y po s forward come in I go on !

i i i i ’ i ’ - O m o m n mo e a a te . our dm o w 67rd e ( L ) , b hind , b ck , f r , b hind , ’ i i ’ i « ” / e. . owr om tf w om o rb G w n f rm e eva we t dM e th e s g r ﬁ i p ﬁ , b hind hou e t e e was a a e . u f w I et t a h r g rd n y p g r urn , urn b ck .

M a K e t oi f ar sta t . a m?) a x eui a a Hda p , , di n y p , from f r . o a x ecd eive f ar it ? wokkd a x ewi e f ar y p how is y p , v ry .

‘ i K v r oi o - L d am} Ko w d ea K o vr cx se to a s as an o , y , , n r, s;clo ; l o i m / ' / a e t i e f é a K o vrd st . wk Ka I e Ko vrd r eﬁ l7 a dv rb of , p , Ju now nwﬁ l ,

G 2 84 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

ea t e e e . Ko w etiw I am ea n rly fif y w r wound d ( , n r ; K o w euw vd i r ekeufi -w I a e ea fi s e - o éxév re a v6. 7 ea m I ea , h v n rly ni h d ; xp r , n rly fell . )

A e wi t o th e t . f , righ i h T e ci e of to t e e t . p p (Zpﬁ ) , l f

i ESéb e e t e . , h r , hi h r

t e e t t e . h r , hi h r

i ' Ava era u et ee a e. . d va e7 a 15 f o u SE Z o u y f , b w n, mong, g y § s V x v m vcrﬂ xa t e a e e e et ee t e . y , h y h v no s cr ts b w n h

- Ai o i} t e e . m , h r

AM o i) e e e e e se t e . d 7r M o i} e se e e , ls wh r , l whi h r , from l wh r ; i

o i} a e e e se . K d7ro v M , nywh r l

i w z K d 7r o v a e e a t e e e e d c . , ny h r , nywhi h r, som wh r , i — n e a s m a w e e ew e e II 0 u 6 e v a. te a ( r ) ny h r , som h r (in in rrog tive e te e e e e at e e te es . s n nc s) , nowh r (in n g iv s n nc )

II 0 i) e e. , wh r

" ‘

77 i. Z O 7r o e e e at e e. . 3 0 1) Ka w ve e e e h v, wh r (r l iv ) , g ﬁ , wh r v r e a b m y e.

‘ i

9 a s f ar as e t et e t ei e. . J) 7 6 9 , , commonly us d og h r wi h s, g ; s

- m t h a s ea s a e. 0 77 7 7 a s f ar a s t e e . ( Ls . { ra me 6e 6 , hous l o n bou , g f ’ ’ - dv un ro z t e e e e a t t e t e e t e e. ( Es cixo o z. dp , h r w r bou w n y p opl h r ’ 3 II e a e e is se t 6863 a n d 7. e er e e e p , ov r, b yond , u d wi h , ov h r , ov r i i

he t e e . t e e 7 6 7 e a. e o t h r r p y p s, fur h r Sid

IM A DVERBS o r T E . — e a o e o v to d a . Eﬁy p ( ﬁy p ) , y

- At w t o . p e) , morrow

- m u cq th e d a a te to e t e. Maca p o) , y f r morrow, som i

i ' i i - E re et e e te a . x s ( y s, y s rd y ’ i

H o r e 7r o 9e th e d a e e este a at e . p x s ( p x s) , y b for y rd y, l ly

i i i

i L e t ea . p s ( v s) , rly i A of ate . py , l i i é a e é a ate . E p s ( f p s) , l

86 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

A r D DVERBS o EGREE .

IIo AAci 7m e . ( m, much , v ry

tt e li l .

e tt e at e . v ry li l , r h r i

A Kerd e t e a . p , nough , ol r bly f Mo vaxa Mdvo

K a 6k u at all te at e e te e e a 9 o , (in in rrog iv s n nc s) , (in n g

tive se nte nces) .

A o r A I M TI N TI DVERBS FF R A ON AND EGA ON .

i Na r

7 . OS. ' y Na w xe

MdAw-m e ta , c r inly.

O XL i n o t e at a i no , (in n g iving O xeovce n o t t his . ’

A ev n o t to e at e e . , (only n g iv v rbs) O fi7 e , nor . 0 — 5 7 6 neither nor . Tcixa a i i perh ps . Im us

1 — A Exercise 2 . .

A A i i A 9 To 0 7 m o u Kv e v T ta a fdr e e a x etd (i71 edw O L m 7 p o p w cv ) y p X , 9‘ I i I I I n a I ewe r . a a M c u . Ha e a 0. e ta Kow a . Ew ed/ e Kovr o a p w a p s y m 7 S f i i ' IIdo o v Ka tpo v 3xe7 e A 67 6 77 0 6 0 0 s ei7ra 9d y ecvy d va y e7 q $d y a s. ii i i i Ho i) e / E xw d wa n - o ur ca tve 7 c) k EK e? 7 0 d o e . A V o 7 y on Su i. dm s c f i i i i i i ° ‘ ‘ E e /e o u. A ev w e Ka et 9d ei e Kd 7ro u 7 6 77 7 7 L. ii y 7 0 . ﬁp v s y s 0 3 y p d s i i i i / ' i e M d ev eidu wa r7 0 1) MotAL0 7 a e li e a 67m 7 a i K o a t S 7 0. , y p gb s m s y p s, I 7 I v I I ' I 7ro e a . Se / 0 m a u 7 o u a u co v. ® eAe e va. u9 v Me r po o xaAeo e v0 . wn 71 y C p 7 A 3 A ' ‘ u 06 dkf o e e 77 o ui a . To u e7 e 7 1 0 . K aﬂ o re d r ¢ y 7 q y ] y , f p s i i i ' ' ( B 7r o o ?o f e cfnx 677 6 7 d e dell 7 0 11 e? a . IIe um ei a e y lAnO a. p x7 yy p 7 p x y i i

77 d edwf a e oi a . o gbpo ifl a . Kpucfi fl cr yp yy

u ma 7 b 7ra7r0 17 7 t the s e b t e o euw I e e w I e . o s . g , p nd . y , r in f , ho , oo — T AND 8 A SHOR EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR . 7

Exer i — B c se 2 l .

w m f ar o ff Is h e e e e t a his th Far I sa h er fro . cl v r r h n bro er ? a a m e e W e a e st ea e t a s I h ad w y fro h r . h v lo n rly igh y doll r . m s r tt th e aﬁ air H t e t t I a t e . e o h e e t s Mr . l o fo go n urn d l f . Manos d ow n stairs ? What is under t he plate ? Is my brot her

th e of e ? N0 he h as e a a so mevvh re I - a l e se . s in ﬁc , gon w y el h l

e h e ma b - d a I a t to e e e. e ﬁnd him , wh r v r y To y h v no hing

- t o m m . h w t a e . T e e e do, orrow y work b gins dding ook pl c st a I t o b d a n d e e . F e e a et ea . s y rd y go rly, g up rly ini h your r t 7r a t e I s a a t o u at h s d77 e o . e t e work ﬁ ( p ) , h n h ll sp k y T ll him h m st me t he a e a e o u a a t u bring book t onc . H v y ever he rd ny hing ’ like that ? Will yo u go t o G erman y this year ? D on t go i 7re 7ra 66 u at t e a e e s ( p 7 ) so q ickly. Wh do h y c ll (r ibs K y ) thi in mod ern Greek ? How will yo u bring t hat to pass ?

eve u o xo évo d s . th e we 6 o s. cl r , p yy dding, y y th affa 67r6 e e 6 0 7. I a e a e 1m» ir, t k pl c , 7 . i I f w / tu u . I s 7 eA euizw rn , y p g ﬁni h , . t he ff e 7 6 a< ei o m o ic , 7 p p

CONJUNOTIONS A ND IN ERJEOTI NS T O .

n It K a i a d . a G e , is common re k idiom t o coordinate two a se t Ka i stea s at n cl u s wi h , in d of ubordin i g o n e of them with ‘ i ’ e ‘ e . ? o i Ka i. 9d Ko a fid) ma wh n or whil y ) fip i s y n , k e no n oi se i an d I s e 7 e . (iK fl ei a Ka i 7re >7 ec 7 6 0 77 77 7 will l p i ) x d 1 , i sca e h ad I e o ut e t he se ' rc ly gon , wh n hou fell . TOV d Ko vO a Ka i T an a I ea him sa so y , h rd y .

i ’ i ' K a i se t o e m a e s e. . n e w is u d giv ph is , g f p m i how do I k ? It i s a s se a t e o a u e. . 82 ei now l o u d f r , g V y a t m em o ; a dv K a i a dv- (iv I am n o t a s i as h , r ch e.

7 3, or .

i i e t e — r i i h r o .

i5 — z7 e o i57 e e t e - o , n i h r nor .

dkxd , b ut .

’ 67 7. t a t : e. . o uei7ra v m3 é 67 7 u e. e h g y , ; ( ) gb y Th y told me that 77 63s h e had e a wa gon y . 88 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

’ ’

67 7 a s ea as s a s. (in e é to wa e oo a s a s l o m ns oon y g f s m , soon o u a e me I a me y c ll d c .

me m ta t a a - S t e (in s s e élu t s e . 71 0 8 o i s nds in d of y s, jus , c rc ly i ’ i eive () d deMﬁo s 0 ' o u on Where is your brother ? He h as u j ust gone o t .

’ - i M ax v 327 o ko vo n a t s e b the I at e . o (y ) , l hough , follow d y ndic iv i ii f ' i w ' a Sel 0 a a 0 a 8630 1 0 7 a 7 a . v v 0 7 7. 9 y s v p g , s Xpny A t I n o t o u I e o u th e e l hough do know y , will giv y mon y.

A o wrév e t e . , (w ll) h n

i i i i ( i 77 u e e e wi er 3 7ro u d dn ' ci7 7 0 e eKeivo 7 l0aKd w ev o , wh r , Sinc , p y s 7 s y y what shall w e do now th a t he h as betrayed us ? ” m ' / It met e t a w0 7 e so t at . 7 60 W éSo uAel e 7 u so i s s nds for , ( ) h I o ro h e e u t at h e was work d so m ch h ill .

i A y a v a s so o n as . A y a o 7r o u

i A c mi} w e a s s as e also / , h n , oon , sinc , ( ;

i i i i i A c o i} e a a on xui e xa Ka i eSu a e I h ad eate I o t b gb y y n q y , wh n n , g up a W a a ' as a s o u n d ent w y . 7 O V 2867 s 902 7 0 soon y i

it o u e e it e s o u s it . see e . A o i} 7 0 sa m e , y will b li v c/o , inc y wi h

- m as a s a s e ﬁ u sin a v as t e t e . K a ( 6 . . Ka dc o 9 s, , soon , g s y , h y old i Ka dl d xo uo a 0 137 6 as s as I ﬁ s , oon a t at he rd h .

d a ﬂ ' d) dv 7 d 7ra c8wi o u I e t em as ai mi as . 7 d a 2 r ( ) y y , lov h w as a has a e s t a e an d my o n children . a dv occ ion lly pr po i ion l forc i a o o d t o u t e e e e s th e A at e . 0 8V G v f gov rn ccus iv { ; yp s, h y liv lik a a es s v g .

( 2) if (th e verb following tak es the Subjunctive) .

ov ék h e u e h e es . o dy, if sho ld com , if com

‘ i - w I w as . 3 e . cw i o uva V e e ( ) wh n o jy o s, h n young h e G av win a s 0 6W vd as n o t . G av Va 7 o i e e as if , y ﬁ, if y ﬁ jf p , if n t w did o kno .

” I it had A v . a v ekd h e e a v T O e a e , if y, if com s né p , if kn w (or it known ) .

9 H 0 A S ORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

2 2 — A Exercise . .

ii 9 I i ' i ' w e e eAa o a v. A o i} en e a cre Te7 a 7 1 7 e7 0 37 dew Eelp 0 7 7. y y qS p p ; ( p 7) i i ’ i i i ' ' e7rt e . ei a a . eixa 77 Aeo v eAm da v0. 0 7 p gb77 Q y LA o u v o 2 0 uA7 a vo s i i i i i i AAe a o 7re7 e u a ei ou 7r u e7r e K a w Ea v eA07) 6 f vdp s 7 o v y vn s o o w 7 p lyw. d s i ’ ' ' i. 6. e a o iA d. oi a fny epwo e o nxé dnxa K Zcpuya . IIp V 0 7 ys 7 yp y y a r

' ri » . a 7r u e 80 s y o i) 7 a mi 7 a Sta /B m ® Kpa r rjo w 7 0 (fopo Adyl. 7 o u 61 s d o y i i i i ' ‘ a ei e e e el. V do uAeca a e 6 03 7 . A KaA v 7 EKa 7 77 Arjp 0 7 y y o s f p 7 7 7 o u K Aa . gb i i

0. 0 e a ypoiyy a yta V y r) s 7 x pta 7 o u y cr7 o p77.

i '

e o vez th e d a b ea s . 6 ic r o s the mas e zny p , y r k m n , t r . i K a7 ew I a e ssess o f p , t k po ion .

E rci 2 2 — xe se . B.

a th e a - m e e They say th t king will rrive to orrow . Wh r is your a ha st e o ut It is a ea s a o s e f ther ? He s j u gon . m ny y r ( g ) inc w a t H an I a a s e . e (d cﬁo u) the the tre burn . looks like ndi n Th y i a If o u ea a t it i te it t o live like sl ves . y h r ny hing of (y ll m I saw I m t m A s s as e et . e . oon him dr w y pis ol from y pock h a o e a h n o t w ma e e e t V e a G e . B fore c m i nn ,i did kno word of r n A s s a s he had ea t A o rist he te to his at e Put oon l rn ( ) , wro f h r . t ma n t he tt a a t at t e o b e st. bu ons w y, so h h y y lo

- th e 6 amAes . th e st 7 6 11 1 0 7 6A c. king, B pi ol , i i t h e ' 1r I bu n a o a . t e i 7 o e rn , y pock t , ; n. 7 8 I ea a a fv the I a 6 1 63 . e w ndi n , l rn , y .

' ‘ th e s ave 6 60 8A“ 6 O KAd O S. th e bu t 7 6 xo lri l , , B t on , y aw dAAw aard I o ut . dr , By

R TITI o r A J TI AND A EPE ON D EC VES DVERBS .

A dj ectives an d a dverbs are often rep eated for th e sake of emphas i s.

' H A e ﬂ wi 7r wi. e a e a ﬁ O p p c me v ry e rly . I a w efue Kom ain ». t a e K is w y down b lo . i i h T a e . 7 6 {11 n eive (ppeo xo gbpeo xo . e bre d is quite fr sh

Po rr l N o r s O WORDS .

The position of word s in mod ern Greek is much th e s ame a s in s al t t e a es at u a w t ut the a id Engli h . Words f l in o h ir pl c n r lly i ho o f u es A f ew les a e ee e e th e s b ut r l . ru h v b n giv n und r pronoun , at an d a t o n e learns most from observ ion pr c ice. 9 1 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMA R .

M ID IO S.

0 0 77 63 I l e. 7 , ov - t o u f f «Ewa n Eir e wha do y require

o u e. a v dya r d s . if y lik i a e a ai r i . p , , w nd i i s ei e Ao ta 7 6V d e a . t e e are s to th e d 0 u7 6. y y s p ( h word win ) th at is a mere t lk .

um I ea . 0 k o , h r 9“ ' I a e it ea sa 7 6 exw 0 K0 u0 7 0i. h v on h r y . i ’ ' I t ea a it dew 7 a k oum a u roi. won h r word of . dAAoi ou I a te . Z , l r t at a ff e t dAAoi ei . e t . . 0 67 6 C h is di r n hing diAAo t e . s, o h r ’ i I s a e an a e 66 EAdw xwpis oiAAo . h ll com in y c s . d va a ivw I . ﬁ , go up

' e th e a v ya pta o y o s a va ﬂa ivet ( r bill mounts to i 7 pei s XiAuida t s Aipa ls. ’ i i a e t h as e xi . . dueﬂnxa v 7 6. vo r n gon up

0 a ve o the n . y s, wi d i h e ma t o h 1 a ve o . o t e e c w a s min s 7 61 y y g d u e ( ind) . i i i o Ar) r] 7repco ucn 0 mp/e 7 o u the whole property i s squan d eled ’ e s att e e t o th e a v y o u. ( c r d wind) .

I open . ’ ’ 0 67 6 ib a t s u a e . 6 7 xp y o wo cyei . hi colo r f d s i i vo z e v 6 e i I am . j f ] p $s y o u . hungry i u the s d d a m . ) gb , d eci ion i 7 7ra t vw d I the t I ta e it a s 6 p midmm . know wors ( k a ﬁn l) . ’ o oo d oida t t u s e ss e o n e a te p p , urn . in rn , ucc iv ly, f r i i th e t e7 d c da e . y 6V p . o h r d ta vi w I est g i , d roy. i i ' I am t a e a l. d e (i77 6 v to t y eba vw y vo s 7 i) ired d e h .

' Ko upa o t .

ed oivw e 7 60 7 7 . th e eat m y cp ) ( 7 h is killing e. d bil/ou I ea e q l v .

' d Sivo a t emiuo 0 o u. I a e se a s o y pl c my lf in your h nd . i 0 60 - 0 1, 96 y q rja ys h o w much will yo u take o ff for m e ?

use in t s ex ess Only d hi pr ion . 9 2 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

6 6. (9 d c r mu 7 evewi o u. I let m ea w bj y y will y b rd gro . i d ' ei e d oi a ‘ n t o e v ro . o t o e t dm 67 1. yp y y s m n ion t hat h e is un e at e duc d . m 0 10 s e a . 6 x ) , mok , fo

, so Z aAe d v . h e n o t sa a By x n did y word .

I a e ut . pl c , p i i oucdy n 66 eﬂaAes ha ve yo u n o t yet go t s ense ?

i i/0 0i o u. I 6. e l 9 e) 7 6. Su 7 a lI can Bg y will do . 6 I 7 min » . give in (I thro w down my a m s r ) . i

o o) 7 a i w a c . I a o ut Bz s gt v s c ll . ’ ’ 66V 0 oi e ﬁ o t at a m 6 vo u. e ts 7 Bé l. s y h b e (my mind c an t t a e i k t in) . '

7 6 38 0 Ae a u0 0 s. h e h a s a e o ut t o u h e , y é f ll n wi h y , has a t o crow pluck with yo u .

oi . I ut m w 6. 7ra 7r La ﬁ AA 7 o u7 Z p y boots on . i oi i V il t a A 7 0 K0 A6. e 6 vo v e e i B s 7 k good h ed of t .

cro u.

i ee a dew . ﬁ , d p

K o r o u a e a eia . h wa s a t a ee y w v ﬁ d e f s sl p . o o ea y p o, h vy . f e di ' e h is e u w0 7 o a wi. e e pp s Bp v ry ill . a t ii 6 I t a e t o ﬁ p o y a t V don c r go . i ’ 62V a e 1 se se lit o u t t Bpc o a l. non n ( . y don rouble se your lf) . i

K a cn . st e p rong win . i — a ei d oi ol a se e e ess ﬁ p pp o 7 et . v r illn . i th e h as a 7 6 Ao q ii e t6. a d e t e t et . dt ex l. y Bp ﬂow r s rong sc n w t y up d gi. 0 0 7 66 I a 3 , c rry, hold .

f I m o wn ?) 7 9 d a v eat . ﬂ 1V u m o j y o u. hold y br h i - h 66 a ei I a t ea t e . V B a 7 63 s 7 6V x/Juxpa v. c nno b r cold V a e me 66 [30 0 7 63 e7rd y o u wa pdda cs I h ve no mon y on .

0 67 6 7 6 io a 62 t is is n o t a st . xp y V 3 0 0 7 0. h colour f oi ca t it m ea t t o 66V 96. Ba m gy i) Kapdwi y o u I nno ﬁnd in y h r it mi 7 0 K oiy w. do . 77 60 -0 11 K0 Lp6 [few -7 0 7 6 7 0 5 54 ? t h o w long does th e journey t ake ? i i E6Ar v 7 o u 7 Au< L0 v a o te his eat a e h e is y j _ 7 ﬁ in spi of gr g i st a t e w ea s w e 7 Le7 a t KaAoi. ill c iv ( r ll) . i ‘ i a s h e h as am e ea s o era l. KO Ac . Ba n . ( l o) , pl m n

9 4 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

i i i 7 6 KaAAL7 epo xpa o ' L yLve7 0 L eis th e best W ine is grow n in

i ! K u77 0 . T p p Cypru s . i ‘ L oi o W 7ro il96. y vg 6 y y s 3 here w ill the wedding come off ’ ’

é w e é wo os . h e has t e e a t y y p urn d m rch n . i

SEV e Lva v d xd 7 6. 0 7 0 15AL0 the a es are n o t e et y y n ¢ gr p rip y . i

LVLu eV o . e o y y s rip , b rn . A V0 ) I es a e et o fi e e u7 6 . y , c p , g , r scu ' w vd fi ve Au7 L60 0 e. e o t O E ea (pm j y y g ch p . i 6 v s a y 6ALs epi to m e eis 7 s A9 jV0 s. c rc ely had he arrived in A t s hen . ’ I w se w e . v pLC , kno , r cogni are o u a Y p lZfl S 6L0 y 0iV7 L0 . y judge of diamond s ? 77 0 i} v pw 97jxa 7 e W here did yo u get ac quainted with o n e another ? 6 ’ h h 7 0 6 7 eveLa 7 ou 06. 16. e as s a e boa rd a s 3 m y 7 h v d his , so ’ - i L e ra L. n o t t o be e e y ) v p C r cogniz d . i 7 6 L ta vd . yo , mor r e st e 7 6 o udo L e . y x p , p l i

7 6 udi 7 6 o udo e L. a w a th e sa e t yo y x p l ys m old s ory. ‘ i I W t/9 o xu . yp q , ri 6 ‘ ' h is oi a ra . e te a 3V f eupel. yp yy illi r t e (cannot rea d an d t e wri ) . it w m at as e. 67 0 yp0 7 0 y o u. y f mils ypoiqSeo a L h o w do yo u write your name ? i f w w 0 7 x0 V 6AL O L. a e e e e te e 7 p ¢9 7 y r n r d . ' w SeL V Lu I t eac see . X , sho , h , m I w n e w d 7 o u Sei w. e a ess y 9 f ill giv him l o . i ' t h w 7 6 xpa o L OGLXV EL 0 6V V6. nV e e ine seems as if it were i i ‘ oL xa rw eVO V e aAAo . xe t a t e Va y y mi d wi h no h r . ' ' I u 7T 0 w7 TO s s t e . 60 w (dp o v) p 0 V. lk ( how mper) dei K0 A6V 77 cio w7 ro v I e a o e e t to w p . giv go d r c p ion . Sei veL ( 0 0 ' 6 vex d o u o e a se V . x s p s. y lo k lik corp demo I i . , b nd i i

I a . Bevw ﬁLﬂALo . bind book i i ‘ I set a w t ew e s S w rvALdL. ev da x ring ( i h j l ) . i 7 6V a da v 7 0 u h e h as eat e e h is est he h as €6e0 e K0 A6. y pd f h r d n ( tied up his donkey w ell so tha t ’ it t a a won run w y) . v 0 I b K a e at . T OV ( 85 0 0 . OF O V h v bound him y o h 9 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR . 5

Se ui to th e t . f , righ i 0 V e Loi e t e t e t him 7 6 77 poiyy 0 7 a 7 0 1) 6A9 6 $ . ev ry hing w n w ll wi h . I ea r d . I ea a LSLoi t e . 8La ﬁ oi§oo vr . ch childr n ii ei eva I am ta es s so - an d 8Lo ﬁoi§

so .

’ ’ i

67 0 V eSLoi a oL ei 7 a Adr va L . e I was st A t e Bg s s j s wh n udying in h ns . I give . ’ m a e w a I . 8L (6 7 677 0 V. k y i I a - a [60 7 0 7re L. e t 7 p é giv dinner p r y . 6 d e v G o . 6 9 6s V y i 7 0 6030 77. forbid

6 66V7 L t t . 7 , oo h i 6 th e is tt hi t e t 77 0 L 7. a e 7 6 L 6V7 L0 . s e By Z child cu ing h . is n t 6 . t at o o u y 0 67 6 SEV eiVe 6L6. 7 66V7 L0 a o u h for y (meat for o ur m aste r) . i I do uAeuw . , work

6 Ae6Lo 77 A I ee th e 0 u r . e tat e lye k p wound op n , irri a w u o nd . i ' hi s i 7 6 e a o ﬁ L 7 o u 62V 60 uAe6eL. s s s es py ip hop doing no bu in s . b ‘ L h is at as 7 6 ( v 7 o u E e . h p y S V do uAeli L w ch stopped . i A7 h is s e v 77 v 7 o u 60 uAe6eL. ] 7y j or runs . i do uAeLof s ess ) , bu in , work . 3 0 ) do uAeLoi I a e w to X . h v ork do . i ‘ 0 6 e e e Li t at i m ﬂ ir 7 6 iV duo o u do uA L . s a a j y h y own .

w i ' l ' a a LVe e s T f do uAeLoiV a o u. t s n ess ﬁy p go bou your bu i . i a m m a 7 6 S o L e s e . p y , dr ch ( ur ) 62 2 e oi h h a n a V L S L ua A6. e s o t a se s X p y y gr in of n e . e o o I t a e o ut yy g , k .

38 0 Ae 7 6 77 0 6Li L 7 0 v . h e h as s at e his t , 7 p di loc d foo . ’ oi w I a m a 7 6 L o u. e e By f p y y rn y br d . 66V oi a 7 577 0 7 0 h e a t i By g g ins no hing (by t) . i ‘i ’ e aAe 6 h e m h s 7 V 60 6o . s sse is se a t /y di i d rv n . Z t 7 6V aAa v. e set ee By h y him fr . ’ 96 G e oi Lo i v I lls o u ar n . e a a I w By A l y how y li r , ill e o u t o be ta e prov y mis k n .

é a Ae o i37 a . h e ut t the ta e ﬁy q p frui on bl , pro d uced u t fr i . 6 ll 9 ciAo) Eva 60V7 L. I Wi a e a t t o ut By h v oo h . 6 I a s 6 V 7 0 oi o . t e ta it By g c nno und r nd . I m ta 3 7 6. 77 0 77 0 67 L0 . a o ﬁ m ts [ 7 d § king y boo . 9 6 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

i I o ut L Lu . eByoL V , go i 7r 0 67 7 7 7 6o uAeL6L 6eV a iVeL t e t at d. 7 ) ﬁy no hing will com of h

77 u ess . 7 L 0 7 e. b sin ’ w 7 L éflyfixe h at cam e of that ? i 7 6 po uxo deV flya LVeL 6L6L 660 the st uff wont run t o two dresses ’ b e wo a e L . e t e es ( t p crLa s ( nough for dr ss ) .

6656 e e . , h r ’ i i t s t m L 77 e LT) . e e a . 6 Klip o s 0. hi g n l n i i ' e t e e li d Ko uO £863 look h re ! (lis en h r t . ) 9 m eL a L I a . y , 1 \ I A« I it i r h o 7 . s o t a n L/Juxpa 77 §e0 7 7 cold . 1 “ 0 15 eLo a L ; is it yo u ? A 9 r o w s ewe w ho is it ? x I 1 ‘ 7 0 77 0 L6La 0 ' o u ew e ; are th ese your children i ,i I h the t tt 0. u . e se . ( w e 8L0. V (t m is on poin of ing off y I a 9 ' e I se t to ask he wa s e0 7 eLA0 V0 y a 9w m us ew . n how . 9 I I ’ it is e u h t o se o n e a a n V6 o xa o y K a veLs . no g nd cr zy lit a e o n s t e . ( . m k bur ) a ea a o ewe eva s xpo vo s . y r g . m o s eL0 ' 0 L h o w are yo u 2 i ivw 77 0 Li I . eyﬁa , y , go in i 77 e t a t man t e e es e e w e e a 67 6s 6 0 V9pw77 0 s y 0 LV L h in rf r v ry h r .

77 0 V7 0 6. h has ta e it t hi iAL e s ea . 7 o u y 77 7p< e a s 7 6 xedx . k n in o h d i i ’ t e e s e . ey /Ba Li eyyunfl ys. I b com ur y h e set to 0 67 6s eyBi eV eis 7 77V 60 uAeLoiV work . i i ’ o u are ex s se t o eyfia LveLs eis 7 6V K LV6uV0 V. y po ing your lf a e d ng r . 9 A C I ' h e set as ta eq K e pa dfl ns. up ilor . e ”

eVV O La a e. 77 , c r ' EVVo wL 0 ' o u mind your own business

o ) o ut . eg , i

07 I it b ea t . 7 6 f elipw 077 35 . know y h r o ’I C A esi es t at . ef w o7 7 0 u. b d h i th e st . 6 ef wT Lxds. gho i

e77 0i a e . , bov

a t t e ea t . e7rd Koirw. bou ( h r bou ) m 6 o 0 L I e. px y , co ’ i it es n o t mm e t e t o 6ev y o u épxem L Ka Aoi. do co nd i s lf m i is n o e e to me e t t t . , conv ni n

9 8 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

I wish . '

h e w s es m e w e . GeKeL 7 6 Ka d y o u. i h ll ' m o we o u t e . 62V 0 0 v 966 0 ) r h eO V 7 577 0 7 e. I y no hing or '

iSLa L7 e o e a . p g , Sp ci l ’ ' h e t him as e w e . 7 6V e7rﬁpe i6La L7 p g . ook id

i6 6V0 7 s eat . p , I w ’ ’

t u m a t t at . 6 6 5 66V e . t e se 677 6 67 6. 7 6 7 p 0 7) i dV L I don ro bl y lf bou h ’ t im a st ex a . , ju , c ly ' ' ' ei 6 we are th e same a e eip eda iO La s 7 xpdwa . g . t m (Yi st e . 70 16 etc 7 71V pa V . ju in i ’ I V 3 I is u t at am t at s sa . L 10. 6 177 0 L0 10. 0 h j wh I ying v v at ' w ar u ts e e . eLpLeOa L0 La L0 La . q i

dh a seb a . Ka ﬁ , on hor ck 3 I I e K h e u t it t t k a t 7 0 nyo pa o a ﬁa ka . bo gh wi hou loo ing it h e t a a e ( bough pig in pok ) .

at e e e ea . K e , v ry, ch ' t e e . K aiﬁe 7 L or K do€ wptiyp a . v ry hing d a e e t e . d e 675 0 p épa Ls. v ry o h r y I I I an d t e M1 06 7 0 0 0 K a t Mya m . every now h n . 3 I A

e e . 6 77 0 xa ﬁe 60 7 779 . of v ry kind

t e LiVO . e e ea ea . K a e xp V v ry y r, y rly xaAof e . , w ll 9 9 A wa s t e eK eL. e . Ka /\0. Ka t 776 m m luckily I h r I 8 3 f

t o u so . xaA a (re 7 ou/\ eya eye) . I old y

xa hd . g , good ’ c e 76 1 66 9 7 0 V ! w el om . I I f r all e o . “La K a L Kuhn. onc 3 I

a e e a n 7 67 0 77 . a ; 7 0 Ka /\0 V f r w ll , 3 I I ta d s u e t a a k . s . eyw y LVO /La l. K o s I n r y (go b il) I I KG AE 7 L Le Ke ea e s at are o u , p g ; good h v n , wh y telling me !

xd ww a e . p , I m k ' 7 L d LV GT G how do yo u do ? 3 ! A I e a V0 h e w as t h ee a s th e wa excl/Le 7 peL9 n p cs p937. r d y on y . I c a t t w u him r e t t . K aif ww K a i p ig a i ro v. I nno g on i ho l m it is a lth e sa e . 7 6 66m K oif weL. I t n o t u t m e e t a e s . 6eV y o u K ai/tw e. h do s i

it is o . t at e ? 62V K d/LV GL. no go d [ h dr ss I I 9 ' m uch o u a 77 0 0 o v Ka MVGLQ a v7 o 7 0 dgépejua how do y ch rge for ’

. b e u I a e a t KafLG ypﬁy opa l q ick m k h s e l A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR . 9 9

' m k e K a ﬂ VL w s . Z , I o ’ - it e t o to a a / 6. ii . 7 0 6 exoim Lo e v qs yn occurr d him go w y. '

i7 ov me w e e. K r , so h r

- - r n o “ an d t en . K d n o u d o v . h ' ' ' ' a t t en t mes Kdﬂ o v 6eKa qSo pa Ls. bou i .

« 7 6 8 b . 6 , d , I ring down L 6 5 77 0 7 6 h e n o t e th e e 62V 06 Ka 7 a ﬁ 0 77 7 will low r pric . 6 6 8 02 0 e him a b o x th e ar 6. o u « 7 0 e 9 7 0 I will giv on . f K a 7 d7rLV a t e . , r e hi 3711 0 6 K6 7 677 LV h e dogg d s step s . ' 77 h is a a s m L eL ( 1 K6 7 6 LV . e a h e7ra pV i w lw y following e bout .

K ci7 w e . , b low 6 a e o u a e t e e e t di min » 7 K p 9 . y h v urn d v ry hing

t s - t op y urvy .

K0 V7 0i ea . , n r ° t 7 0 e e s u et . K 0 V7 0i V6 3 6 0 1 60 50 7) 6 )AL 9 . shor ly b for ns ' h e ran a him e . te 7 6V 777)p 677 6 K O V Ta f r .

6 v . e o s K O V7 6 s 7 V V0 V of cours obvi u ly . I ex e m se K r La w t . o é , r y lf

- m da re I e ease . Ko com in , pl I c ut w . K 605 7 ,

7) Bo n h eL6 96 mix/q) éKa 7 6V this affair. will cost a hundred ' ‘ a s Sa y a Ls . fr nc . llth a 6 € t at a e e to him . 6 V 7 0 V K6¢T L 6L6o . h is s m

~ shak K o vVJ) , I e . ' the t t is s 7 6 66V7 L K o vVLe7 a L. oo h loo e .

d w I . Kv7 7 é , look

' / u s es . K 67 7 6 Ce T ij l So vh ewi 0 o v . mind yo r bu in s ’ x67 7 a §e Ka kd ! look o ut b e o n your guard sta e 6 Mi a . 7 d s, mi k u r ta E e c Mi . o a e s x 7 das y mi ken .

7 Kai/( K6 e itﬁ ) , hol , p i ’ t e lft h im 7 6V die o a v eig T i v Ac KKa . e the u /m ] h y in l rch . t 7) dir . 3 “ 77 0 666 6 Ado vra L it e m o ut s X 9 s is v ry uddy of door . h h as c u 7 6 3Ko e Ada m . e t a n d ¢ ) run . A - eui it is a da n 7 So vk . s ess it is ) poor bu in , a a u e f il r .

‘ ’ If Spaxwﬁv is understood with p fa V th e phrase means I will mak e him tak e a drachma 1 00 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

' 6 e w sa . y , I y ’ ’ 7 L 96 r ﬁ what does that mean ? ’

e e. e a a at t 66671 q 6 7 6 6 p. w ll t lk bout th ano her t m i e . ’

eiwa e. e e 6 0 L77 6V 7 a. t at is s tt . , p w ll , h e l d ’ 6 eg ; do yo u think so ? ' 7 0 V 6 eve wha t is h e called ? ’ ’ ' l 7ro f Le 67 ew e e7 L. et us su a it is 6; ) L é ppose th t so . e so h a a e7 L e6 e. t e 7 6 yp pp § y letter said . 7 6 6 e77 7 0 V e t me te t a t a G ee e a a m te , c n i ( n h p r of r k p nny) , lso inu m (of ti e) . ” h ’ e 6 e 6V . e a 6cv eX L 777 h sn t a penny . 6 h m 66 in M777 . e 6 0 6 0 6 m owes me a s all sum . m n t k No . o se 6 7 ; 7 7 g . s t . 0 7 3 ( 3 ) u d ind (of) , or (of) ~ a ' EcL at a u 7 5 6 o yﬁs Kp a i. x s wh kind of wine h ve yo ? all 6 oyﬁ9 60 7 69 . kinds .

ad 60 7 . o n e p s 7 39 kind .

6 66 0 th e . 7 9 , word it i 66V zxeL 667 0 V . s certain (there is no need t a a t i t lk bou ) . ’ h m e 66 0 . t e h eByﬁx 7 9 ru our as spread . ' ’

a L eL 67 6 66 W . h e t t 6EV 7r pv 7 won lis en t o reason . 3 Q I t at a v7 0 elve eVa g 6o yo s. h is easily said . a e a ee I m k sp ch . lt u e s change th e subject . m oi . exa 667 0 17 x pw for ple. ‘

e 66 0 V. ea a pu 7 r son bly .

6 th e at . 6 6 0 v7 p 9 , b h ’ - eu 6 i h e t m th ei 7 x i a 0 6 e e e . p. ; p 7 l f in lurch 0 v7 0 i3 6 p . st a t a ess 7 6 r p , hong, h rn . ’ h a L e . £663 vra Z L 6p e is pl ying fal se. I t exiLo a d e . p a C , h C , coll c 6 w af i I a m a n 6 i 7 a ﬂ o u. “ & p yp y p cki g up . f ar s a t a x eLaf t . p p , , di n h L LLi . o u ar e t a cia u L [. a e y e wid of e m rk .

7 6 6 6 666 hair . ’ ' x 617 6 6 t e t ea t e em d o dn a v 6 7 ” 66L0f. h y ook hold of ch o h r s hair (they fought like two a s c t ) .

1 02 H T A A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMM R .

6L6 th e s e v Lo . 7) y p , m ll i

7 6 7rr e u w6L6 . h e h as o t w it )p y p g ind of . th s 7 75 7 7 e e . ) y ) , no i h e t u 0 7jl< w0 e y v7 7) 7 o u. rn s u p his no se (h e h as go t th e h s on igh hor e) .

30 6 77 6 V7 0 v 7 7 u7 7 7 o u. h e te e es e e th [ 2 ) y ) in rf r in v ry ing . i

L66 e 7 7 v7 7 . h e s ea s th u his se y y ) y ) p k ro gh no . h w a 7 6 Ve t e te . po , r I I ’ 0 eu w 0 6 V Ve a e it at m 7 f p po . I h v y ﬁngers ends ; 3 C I I

6 6 6 . t (1. 7 0 71 6 0 7 L< o veL Ve s s ess a s h as t a ) ) po hi bu in p y , po en tialities a ses w ate (r i r) . c A 0 Vo us. A Q I i A 6 V us 0 0 u ew e 77 6 V7 0 7 e €K€ l. o u are a a s t it o y lw y hinking of . ’ 3 A ' é6e 6 v o u. sa i to m y s 7 6 V0 y I id t yself . A 1 ‘ A 7 ro u eLxes 7 6 V 0 u 0 o u wh ere w ere your thoughts (wits) ? i 66V K d 7 eL 6 V ii 7 o u. h e s n o t e s a ¢ o s v ry h rp . I

7 0 VU L t h e ai . X , n l d I 6 77 0 7 7 7 0 7 7 6 U a t o t i - u V LQ . e . t t ) Kop ¢ ) s X from h d foo [ p o e) . i i i 7T€ h e p7Ta T€ L s 7 6 ViiX La . gives himself airs (wa lks on i

eL O T O VLu I a . f p p , unlo d

e So 7 L60 o v e. ea e me a e f q p y l v lon . ’ ’ L m I t so u q é , urn r. ’ 6 L h i e s set a t . 7 f am e 66 y0 . up lit l e e I K L th e eat a un f a u a o 7 6 vVLO e. e b ec me v o rabl o p s E w h r e . i

0 i37 6 u eva . a s a e y p f v our f c .

« d s . q s, our ’ ‘ o u 8 z< e um 7 6L6 0 K é t at eas e h as st me ea y , yﬁ f ) ) h pl ur co d r .

66 0 L. '

66o s, all.

? 7 6 6 a e est . y 6 6 0 0 v . in rn

666 666 . th e w e th e a on hol , in m in . i 6 0 K 6 Le h e 6 6 L. e e s k p on crying . f f m m a a . e c 6o u . a s y s in s , in lu p 0! A w e 0 60 V 7 0 117 0 . e e e e t e ess . y ho v r , n v r h l 0 t A 0 6 7 v . a t u y e 0 V o ro l ho gh . i i i

0 6 L eL > se a s h e is . y 0 V 0 7 V6 L 0 0

7 6L6 s ee 6 L . ) y , p ch i i

a s ee . 6V0 Lyw 6y L6 La V . I b egin p ch ’ t a s 6 o 6o L6 I ess af are e e . y y , conf , ﬁrm . [ lking nons n i 62V 0 60 6 7 57ro7 e l o u are t o u y y 9 y proving no hing , y H T 1 0 A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR . 3

' ame 7 6 6v0 a . y , the n

' m d 0 7)y ep6 ZXeL 7 6 6V0 y ci tod ay is hi s na e ay th e festiva l of th e saint after h am whom e is n ed) . ’ b a e K6 7 6Voy a . y n m . ' ' ' 7 u e 7 60 0 6 p6 6V6y 6 6 . fo r p rsons .

6 e L a et te . p f , the pp i 3 a s h ad t 6pe§L 62V X0) . if I no hing else to do (as h ad t e ta st if I no o h r e) . h a K 6 7 w V 6 e w . t a e a a t e t q5 7 6 p f I k w y ppe ite. ’ mma ﬁ x 6 L w e e . p C , I d ﬁn , co nd , K6 6s I w elcome ’ ' - a is eas i & 6 L0 7 e. t e ? e n c . p wh your pl ur com , '

67 L s a e t . c rc ly, jus ' h a t u 1 é e. s e 67 c/v he j us gon o t . n ﬁ er 77 6 06 6 10 s . , I ’ ’ 7 L Ewa ﬁeg what is the m atter with yo u ? ’ ha 7 V éwa Ge. s e e 6 he com to gri f.

I play. I A K 6 66 o u 7 7 V e77 6 L e. h e a e me a e t y ) f pl y d nic rick . ' / ta e 77 L 1 w . 6 p , I k ' m 77 6 L vw a u o u. ta e t e p y é y I k wi h . ' 77 6 L w ta a pv I ke b ck . I 3 I I 77 6 0) 0 7m m) 7 0 V 6 0 0 ta e a m v 7 I k b ck y word . ' ta it m 77 L o e e . 7 6 6 pvw £77 d y u. I k upon ' h m h 7 6 77 6 L veL e7rd 7 o u. e ta es to o e p k uc upon hims lf. ' I 77 L w G . a 6 pv eig 7 6 X pL I ch e t . ' e 7m e 77 0 a y )p 6 11 7 9 I fell sleep . ’ ’

6 77 6 » 77 6 0) . t a at 6 v7 6. e w 0 e t y v I won h v h . 7Ta € ' the o n i a p 7 6V eva X7 v77 6 7 6V 6 66 0 . e s s good as th e other ta e o n e an d st e th e t ( k rik o her) . 7 A 3 ‘ I 7 0 77 7 6 6 77 0 6 . I ) p 67 0 1 resolved . ’ ' 7 0 369 e7r7)pe (7 6 7r6 LyVL6L) ; w ho won (th e gam e) ? A

7m e 7 6 a a o v . h e e e e m ette ) p yp y y y r c iv d y l r . 5 A I ~ 7 0 77 7 6 77 0 61) 7 7 V6 . I o t it e a ) p ¢ ) g v ry che p . I I I 3 I 96 y o u 77 6 m) ; 6L 6 v7 o how much will yo u take for that 2 '

77 6 L vw a f a . I h a e m sel p y v y f bled . '

77 6 L vw Sa vemd . I b p orrow mon ey. A ’ I e e 6 13 6 7 v e 7 h e t th s 7 7 V7 0 7r V . e s b li mp 9 ) p 7 ook re pon i ility ( t . s ame h ) . 4 H T 1 0 A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

77 6 6 K67 w e . p , low r

66 7 0 656€L 77 6 6 K67 w. W n o t e it f o r V p he ill giv less . ' h 6 77 6 7 e 6 at e . p 9 , the f r ' ' ei 6V 77 6 7 e 6 0 6 . o s 7 p s g to the deuce .

77 eL 6 w e a . p C , I provok , nnoy 77 5 L 6 eu it es n o t atte p § do m r .

efve 77 eL 6 évo . is a p yy s he ngry.

' 7 re 6 0 7 LK6 t a t . p 9 , r nsi ory - h e 7repa o 7 LK6. I op yo u will soon b e well a ai g n .

we /<3 a . pt , I p ss ’ ’ 7 0 6 en- e a o e 660 17 677 6 ut t e all s 9 p 9 he p h m to the word .

( 7 77 6 95 .

77 e V67 7 7 V K6wo 7 7 677 6 t ea a ee e p ) ) I hr d n dl .

ﬂe66VL.

7re 7 6V K a L 6 o u. I a m t e p p y p ss y im . 6 ' 1 6 K6 L . t a h m 6L6 V6. 77 e 0 6 o ss t e t e to m p ) p s p i ( kill ti e) . L 6 L I a u 77 e vw eV6 o . ea t p fl fl r d book hro gh . ’ ’ ' e77 e a o e 7 6. 77 6V? V7 6 . h e e a t t ea p ) is ov r (p s ) fif y (y rs old) . 7 7 07 9 77 epV6s how are yo u getting on ? how ’ d ye d o ? ’ 7)677 L§e V6 y e 7 pL6V7 6 h e hoped t o get as f ar as Megara < 6 K6 m 7 6 Me a a t t a s pp y s y p . for hir y fr nc . '

77 e a cre 6 K6 L 6 . th e t me eas is a p p s i (s on) p st . ’ ' 6cv e77 e 6 0 e eva 6vo . n o t a a a o p s Xp s ye r g . 6 177 1 1 0 V e66 66V 7re V6 77 6eo v t s e is e t ) ) y p hi mon y no long r curren . ' m e 77 e a o e 6 77 0 V0 K ec7 6 6 0 . ea a e e y p / s y h d ch is gon . ' ' e 6o 6 a t 7 7 V 7re 6 0 eV7 V 66 . ee ) p y ) ﬁ y l s w k . ' I a t 7rep O T GVOXOJPQ . h ve roubl e enough t o get along (I am in straitened m ta es circu s nc ) .

6 sto n e ~ t r 77 e7 L h w . p , the o ExeL 7 7) V 77 e7 pL6 67 L it is his crotch et that Ka déva 3 cL 7 7 V 7re7 L6 7 e e o n e h as his o u. s x ) p v ry hobby.

€ €L L6 7re7 L6. h e h as a b ee h is t X y p in bonne . ﬂ w 77 67 6 7 t . , I y, hro 677 6 6 m f r 77 e7 6 7 7 a 7 0 17. o o ) X p he ju ps j y. 77 e7 6 7 e 7 6 7 0 v< >é < L6 cra o 15 e7 e t s 1 s, p hrow down your gun , 7 6 77 6 L6 ( ra s s 0 9 g . your word . ' ’ h e his a e a a L 77 6 6 6 . y x p 6 7 5 drew d gg r .

0 T 1 6 A SHOR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

77 61 6V10 I a . ) p , p y m t u 6 9 e69 V 6 ( TO D 7 0 ay G o d requi e yo . i

h e a him a it . 7 0 6 7 0 77 67jpw6 e. p id b ck (for )

I a a a ea . ppro ch , dr w n r ’ l h 1 77 67 6 1 6 eL 7 6 e vm . e s n ear s xt . ) § éﬁ , i y

1 s uﬁ o cat e st a e . , r ngl w e h e go t dro n d . ' ' ’ '

e . h i ee efve 77 V Lyy eVo s y eo s 7 6 xp o s e s d p in d ebt . ’ ' h ha s s t e . e77 V Ly7) K e 7 6 K6 p6ﬁ L. Ship unk h e t 7 6 77 0 66pL (77 66L) t foo . t 7ro 66 1 6 . . y ? 7 6. p on foo

- I t t set th e a 77 661 . se . 0 7) 1< 6vw eis 7 6 on foo , world gog

7 6 77 0 7 6y L t h e river . i h e i s a sad e 7 6V 77 ?) pe 7 6 77 0 7 6y L. in pickl . h s t e e ea . 7 6 y 67 L6 7 0 17 E77 7)ya LV6 V 77 0 7 6y L. Sh d ﬂood of rs '

a t e t tea . EVa 77 0 7 6y L 66v 6 . orr n of rs

7 6 77 6 6 th e t . p 7 y , hing ' ’ at is t at 7 L 77 p6yy 6 eiV 6 137 6 wh h i

' GLd the ee s . ﬂ pO B , sh p kin ' ' ’ / / 0 8 eL6 V . t e a e a . 7 0 13 h eft 6 5 6 V T ip 77 p , h y g v him drubbing

77 0 K677 7 6) I m a e ess . p , k progr ’ w e a e ma e a e s ess 7 6 77 p0 1<61pay e. h v d nic bu in of it a me s s ) . ' h a e e e e . cive 77 po xo yy evo s 6V9pw7ro s. is cl v r f llow '

77 Ha Lvw I a e . see . pq , rriv , join [ him

' I n o t m a u 66. 62V e7rp6qS96 0 6 V6 7 6V i6 did co e e rly eno gh t o ’ " 6 I a t a e t e all 7 7 6 77 3 0 9 0 1» s e . 831 y 77 0 p13 v0. 1 6 c nno h v h m ﬁni h d

666 . ' w e a e n t t ﬁ 66V 96 77 po

' e e 0 o y e d 7r6¢e. v ning .

77 0 17663 I se . , ll

at o th - ma 6 6 67 6. t e t t e se es 6660 1? V6. 7 ll h hor rin se t at e se e e ( ll h l wh r ) .

th e back . o u are ea a 6 6 7 p677 eL p6x1) ( TO U. y going in s rch of eat s t es b ing (your kin i ch ) .

L Vo) I t . pX , hrow c I 3 I ‘ h e ut s his ta et ee his pLXl/ GL T a v Tta 7 o u. p il b w n legs (he lets h is ears drop in

t error) . A H T AND G 1 07 . S OR EASY MODERN GREEK RAMMAR .

3, SI th e h s t w 7 0 V epp e 7 0 6 6o y0 . or e hre him . e I I 9 I a h w th a m a e a . e t s e e m pv eL 7 0 6 05 6 6y 6 s e hro bl on e. sh h p Lf e K67 w 7 6 y 67 L6 7 7) s. e lowered er eyes . 3 , 3, h t w it s it 7 6 e e e w. e e p f hro s up, giv up . I p o e vw aw . p , I dr

' I I ' a t u 0 17 e 7 7 60 176 1 u o u. es s . p s ) 5 5 . go bou your b sin t I lif .

' I I h a 1 07 77 6 . t s 0 ) K6V 6 VL ois il . ' ' ’ / I a s th 7 K V10 i 77 0 6 L6 . e e s e e 0 ) 6 T ﬂ L0 pK V r i i g . ’ - e t h im u 7 6V em xwo a . t e s v e . f h y ook p, d po d him ’ ' h e a t a t e a . 66V 0 7) 1< 6VeL xo p6 7 6. c n k joke ’ ’ ' w t 6. I t sta t 6 137 e 67 66 6 7 K o7 . a y V 7 0 ) 6V on nd h . ' ' 6V L0 7 e I ea th e t a e 0 7 K 6 7 6 77 L . ) p C. cl r bl

' I e a wa O 1 l< 6uLo 77 6e . e r ) 6 y 0 V d cl r . I I m a st n d 7 6 y a 661 6 . y h ir ood on e . t a th u 6 7 K 6 w 6 0 17 616 . e e n ) V 7 7 95 I k up g . A I I I 7 0 77 60 L0 V 6 7) Ko veL 6eK6 77 0 66 pL6 th e vessel dra ws t en feet of

e at e . V p6. w r I I w a I a e st o 7 p6 h v ju g t up . ' ' 0 ' 7 K6Vo 6 L 677 6 L6 V 6 w0 ' 7 L6 V I e e a s s ) y y pp r cov r from ickne s .

' I a a 7 e . 0 ) 7< 6V0 y 6 L 677 6 7 6V 677 Vo v. w k

' - d a 0 7 e 6 to . jy p , y ' I ei t a h 0 7 e 6 6 7 0) . s e e t 1 s d a )y p x gh d y h nc , y ee w k . ' t 0 L 6 V6 . y s, s ill 67 6 0 ' Ly6 V6 77 0 7 6y L y 6 7

6 K6Vo7 urst . , I b

6 ‘ u st t au ovca vw 677 0 7 e6L6 . y I b r wi h l ghing . u t n 6 K 6V 07 677 0 7 0 K6 K o u. s t a e 6 y I b r wi h g r . - Koi ' et o ut o o o e. g ! g to the d euce ! (bur st u s yo r elf) . 7) trough ' 6 e w 7 V 6 x6 I a a a a a y 7 ) 4» ) c ll sp de Sp de .

6 o vco 77 6 t e . s, the mo iv

' w - t t eK6 66V K0 77 . e e e y O 6V ll in n ion d . I Q I 66V r e a 77 h e sa it t t an 7 0 a y eK KO V 6 Ko 0 V. id wi hou y mean

ing .

' 0 77 6V07 ea . , I br k I ' I 1 a m 0 77 6 V67 7 0 K 6 6 6L . a ¢ y o u r ck y br ins . 1 08 H T A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR.

’ h a 7 6 m rv c t e . p , gr in

L 6 77 L6 A6. h e h as n o t a a se s e v M gr in of n e . m 6 a t p riﬂe. ’ ' é K w I sta a s O T , nd ( l o ’ - )x6 o 7 en e7 a L k a 7 0 66 0 . h e h 9 7 0 a s a good seat on horseb ack . 7 6 w 0 66- L 7 0 17 at h p y his w ch as stopped .

6 7 6616 17 I se . , nd ' 6 cr7 eLAw 6 6 7 6V z I h 0 a7 6y . a se p sh ll nd for t e doctor . 6 w I e 6 7 a v . p ﬁ , b nd ’ 6 6 ' 6 h 60 v6 L 6 0 7 8 w . t e t 6 5 e . p l hing go s wrong ’ I a 6 7 u ww s e . p , pr d 6 6 I m a th b d 7 3 8 7 L. e e e . e , , k ' u ww 7rG h ab 0 7 7 6 7 6 L. I set t e t e p p C l . ’ ’ 7 h d O T u79 K 6 7 6 0 7 6 L. e la th e a s p 7 :9 x p p y own on gr s . o 7 6ww 7 6 V 6 6 Lo I a e th e st eet . p p / v. p v r

0 7 176616 0 I . , prop up

‘ 66 w 6 6 I ﬁ x m 0 7 v v 7 67 L6 Lo v . e es , p y y upon . ’ w I crv v L e . y p C , ord r I a m e t ette ess . m k y oil , dr ' ' th i 7 6 0 17KLI77 L e e . , l v r ' ’ 62V xakvcb 7 6 0 ' 17K637 L 66 I don t fret myself ﬁ d d le s t s e t at ring ov r h . m 1 0 176 77 69a 6 e ess at 6 17 77 696 L0 V . 7 , , forgiv n , sy p hy ( 6 ) a s a m 1 p rdon e .

6 07 6 7 6 e t exa t . 9 , corr c , c

. a t 7 6 0 1 176 7 6 (7 0 17 in e rnes . I fi 7 666 616 17 s . , ni h ea r dy. a 7 0 7 épL (7 6 LpL) the equ l . ” ’ h Be e eL e L. e m a e v x 7 p is b eyond co p r . fi 7 epL6CeL I t . t fi 6 . n o 63V 7 c CeL it does t . ' 7 L 7 epL6§eL what fi ts ? h 6 7 677 0 t e a e. 9 , pl c

' e th u t . Kpa a i 7 0 6 7 677 0 17 . W in of e co n ry I a dr w . ’

I e I t a . a a} e L. m ﬁ X p giv up , wi hdr w 7 68 6 ! p , go on

/ 1 I sm e . Ra m 61 . ok D an d I W t a Tpaﬁ O /La t i hdr w .

1 1 0 H T AND A S OR EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

C 9 I« ' h h K6 L o 6 6 66 0 6 . t e eat e as o p s X w h r broken . ’ ' m st ma is u 666 0 6 7 6 0 1) . o t e X p y o ch of ord r . ’ ' m a t is ea 666 6 K6 6L6 6 0 17 . e 0 . X p , y h r br king a I 9 ' 6 f t e a e ut th 6X6 66 0 v 7 0 V 6Xep0 1 . h y h v p e en emy t o t ﬂigh . ’ 7 7 0 66 6X666 0 ' 69 677-6 6 K62V0 677 0 17 yo u have changed mu ch from

a o vv . at o u e w e e ﬁ wh y (onc ) r . 9 I ' I 6 6 66 0 6 7 1 V V7 6 7 6 L6 V . I a e e m a t X 7 7 h v brok n y f s . a y I ' ' 7 0 K a c l 6 L6 6 VG. 6 6 6 0 . th e e e t o t n p pX X y win is b ginning ur .

6vw I o se. x , l I s m a e e . 7 6 x6vw. lo y h d , 8L 6vo 6 6 1 . I am it I st a i e t . x , dying for , mu h v '

6 e L a . 7 x p , the h nd V I I 3, 6 6 o n e st i XepL VL7r7 L 7 6 6 0 . mu g ve an d take (o n e hand wa shes th e oth er) 71 I / h aff a 6 L1 6 7 0 e L 7 0 17 . t e es his a s X p ir li in h nds . '

6EV 6 6) 9 7 6 e L. I a e e a I am X x p h v no mon y in h nd , o ut m e of on y . ' ﬁ v t s 6 . e e X pL6 im .

6 6vo t e ea . xp g, h y r

K 6 7<6 6vo V6 ! b ad him xp ” luck to . 77 66 671/ Xp61/w1/ eive h o w O ld is he ? ex t ea 7 0 13 xp6vo v . n y r . ' I a ate se . xp i , p r ' 66V 7 0 V w 677 6 dB€6 6M I t eat h im a s a t e xp C ¢ r bro h r . ' w ew w ib h a e m . x p , x p , old , h v roo for ’ 7 m 66V 7 0 w eif 6 1 0 17 o u. a t t a e t at in 7 0 5 7 0 x p ; y y mind c n k h . a 7 6 the bre d . I ea m a e . Byd 7 6 117 076 5 16 0 17 . rn y br d é d a € 10 m l66e w e a e eat e ea an d ¢ 7 p , w h v n br d t ogether we are e s fri nd ) .

1 (S a u . 5 p , the ho r ' t ’ i 7 L 67p6 eive wha o clock s it 2 f o r th e se t K6 7 6 pre n .

/ m mi t e to m te. 67p6 1 67p6 V. fro nu inu m t m e t o t me (77pm ; 67p6 Lg . fro i i . m / a t an t e . 77 66 6 1 67pa v. y i (7 a u t a KG KT] wpa V6 7 0 V pl g e ke him

- b e K6 67f. good y .

1 1 4 H T AND R A S OR EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMA .

' a ma 7 6 630 V awa t x6 7 6 6 w ni l , ( i , p p , an swer 6; 67 617 7 176 1 awak e - w

a swe 61ra v7 6w - c?7 awa e a e umzo s n r , k ( . g ’ a t u t 617 7 27176 7 6 6 6 i o axe 6 7 6 6 7 63 n iq i y . , px , 6 ' a x us 67/1 cru o s n io , 1 x a x et 6u 0 ' v 1 6 6u a' v i6 i n i y , n x , n x ; 6p0 V7 i66 an y ( with K a t/ 611 6 5 ’ ’ v 6 e i s 67 6 67 6 b ab 6 r e r es 7 6 w 6 an a e o u ? u. y, h y x y , p p , , p a ea b a ba b e 6‘ w pp r, ck ( ck on ) , { ho c ’ a et e 7 6 6 1 b a b e 6m 0 w pp it , ) p § ck , hind , i a e 7 6 b ad am s ppl , , K a e - ee 7 1 6 7 6 b a v G a rclco DAa 7 a Mfl ra ppl tr ; 6 7 7 g , i , ) B a a 7 6 7 0 1 b a fo r é d a t ppro ch . 1 o (go) il , yy p , ' a lico t 7 6 e vxo mco u ba e z/ ‘r w p , B p k , lw ' 6 A1 r i6 1 0 5‘ ba e use 6 ( o fi vo s April , p k ho , p p a 1 7 0 8 1 6 b a e ww as pron , 3 k r, p ’ ab 6 A 61r s b a 7 6 wa k xém Ar p n lcony , y ’ ab a A 6 uf 6s b a v md AAa 7 6 7 6m Ar i n p 3 ll , i p , ' arm 7 6 e t b a a e 6 o ds x p ll (d nc ) , x p ' a m 6 6 7 76 7 63 b a t 6 n A6 c 7 s r y , 5 ndi , p n a a e (7 1 d b a s é o f w rr ng , ni h , fi p f ' et e 66 6 6 a u rc 7 1 re a s b a. ( in ord r) , 3 nk , fi l h p § ' ' 7 6 1 ba e 6 ra ' m e s 7 a 1re i 7 s 5 nk r , m y pn , p f n a es V 66 6 67 3 17 6 6 167 b a se a 7 i m rr t ( 3 6 3 pti , B ¢ § ' ' a va 7 6 L Ls o n o v 6 65 n o v ea s rri l , ? 6 g p , p ' a ve 96m b a a a bwma rri , 6 rg in , q art { 7 6 b a e 7 6 K t fld t , 1 p m rl y, p p ’ a e 6 - i v6 a b a e a ek t rtichok , 7 y p rr l , B p art st 6 T G VtT T S b as et 7 6 k uk d flt 7 6 Ko c fw 7 6 i , X J k , , p , ' as 6 677 é7 s 7ra V6 t 7 6 a a; , , p , ( m fi as s e 6 0 6 617 67 3 67 6 1 61 b a 7 0 wait/ 7 6 o 'r d ( inc ) , 6 , , 3 th , a 7 19 , p i as far as 3m: b at ta e a m i/w wait/ , h , k , n a 7 5 3 as s n as 6 0 8 b att e i ? oo , 6 l , m x ) i be as ame b a - t ee Ba c u ( ) h d , y r , p n ' ’ as es 1 6 7 6 7 1 b eam as d fi va 6K7 i ua o mfi fia h , 3 x 7 , fl h , x ( , ) ask 6 w7 6w - 63 b ea 7 6 ( a a o fim , ( )p , n , p i ' ask fo r 717 667 - w ‘ v et w b ea a a 0' 7 é w «3 ( e w , ( , , y p r, c rry, B , , p p ’ as ew 6 o 6s b ea 7 6 eveza k , 5 rd , y

as ee b e Kat .Lo fl a l b east 7 6 630 V l p, , / y , ( ' ’ ' ass 7 6 6 1 80 13 1 b eat 7 v1ré w , 7 p , x , ' assu e BeBa to vw b eaut ful é aio s 6 0 < o s r , i , p , n pp

' at 6 is b eaut 6 xaMxo x/ , y , 1 fi at all 766 966 0 17 61 66 0 17 b e ause ta7 f 61 67 : , , , c , 7 , ' ' a te 7r 0 0 6 w b e me tvw in/a a l t nd , p x co , 7 , y n ' ' a te t ve 1 r 0 0 6 x7 uc6s b ed 7 0 n e azn t n i , p , p BB u ust 6 A6 0 17 0 7 o s o to b ed wAa td w A g , 7 (g ) , y f ‘ ' au 77 9 6 f6 7 96 1 6 b e t es 7 6 0 ' 7 co m61 7 6; o fi a nt , ( ; ) dclo h , p , fi x ' utum 67 6 6 b ee eAtO' O’ a A n , 6 , fl

‘ ava us 16 6 v o s b eef - tea b t 7 6 av xi ricio , 6 py p , ro h , ( / 1 1 5 VOCABUL ARY .

b ee 6 n rf a b 7 6 at i a. r, ) p p lood , r b ef e 1 r V 6 b t - a e 7 6 a 7 o v1ré a 7 i or , p lo ting p p r, x p ’ ' ' b ef e 1r 67 6 o v 1 r o 1 7 6 o v b w ( vo é w - a3 or , p p , p fi p lo p , ’ b ef e a e 6 7 6s b w u 7 6 7 600 4 23 s 7 6V d é a or ( pl c ) , p p , lo p, ( ) p 1 7r 6 b w w t a fi st 0 0¢d 6 .L s , p lo i h , 7 p b e 7 6m «25 6A6 7 o a' 6m u b ue aB‘ S g, ( 0 , , m 7 l , fl fi b e a 6 fl ail/ 0 s b u e b'm iw 7 a i w gg r, ( ” l nd r g , ¢ 7 ‘ b e 6 i w b us e e ico mcw i w gin , px ( l h , r dd n , g ' i ‘ b e ave ese f < 6 o a z b at 7 a xa 7 6 aim h on l , p p n o , 3 B p , K ' ’ b e av u 7 6 ( e m o b a man 6 a xa s h io r, p p n o t , B p pn b e 6 1rio' w b 7 6 tra xi 7 6 hind , ( ) ody, p/ , b e eve 0a 63 vo i w b euua io s li , pp , p § old , y b e 7 6 ico v6o x7m b e 7 6 6iw a k o ll , on , K b e ws 7 6 ( vo-e é b 7 6 i Aio llo , p p ook , BB i b e ico zAu b b e 6 t A¢0 667 s lly, ook ind r, BB n ’ i b e ve a a ey o s bc o t 7 6 WG WO ST t 7 6 0 ' 7 t a lu lo d , y my , C, B b e t 611 7 b ew i évo s l , ( 7 orn , y m b e 7 6 a n a ui b w Ga vei o a t r a f uw 6a vem6 nch , p orro , f y , p b e 0 7 a B61/ w b t It a o f 60 6 nd , p o h , l b e eat 1667 60 67rumd7 a) b tt e ro v7 iA¢a n h , o l , m ’ b e e t é c eAu a b u a 7 6 6 m n fi fi p o nd ry , p b es es 6167 63 wa awoivw b u se 7 6 an o‘ r w v id , , p o r , xpny hp b et wa e 7 6 0 ' 7 0 i 1 u a bo x 7 6 x0 v7 f , g r X ) , , ' b et wa e a 7 0 z ua7 i w b o 7 6 1 ra t8i 7 6 d 6 , g r xm § y, , y m ‘ ‘ b et t a o u é c Lra ts b a 7 6 vaMSV ro h l , pp r in , p b etro th e d x/ lo a t b a 7 6 , ppa f y r ndy, b ette xaAA i7 6 o s b ea 7 6 a i r, p r d , a m allth e b ette 7 60 0 7 6 Ka AM7 6 o b ea 0 7 d r , p r k , b etwee e7 a 6 b eas 7 6 u f n , n § r t, B f ' ' 6 a v 7ra a 7r6 a b e 1 r6 a 6c7r d . b 7 0 17 o yond , p ( ) p p rick , 8 ’ ’ ' b e 6 6a' ta a n b a e 6 7 i 0' 7 s Bi l , ) y yp q y rickl y r, x n bi e' dk o s b e f V 6 7 g , y y rid , ) ¢ 1 b o f f a e 6 Man n 6 Ka 7 oo ' o s 7 63V b e m 6 a 1r 6s ill r , ) , y rid groo , 7 p p a 7 é v b e 7 6 6 6 t ¢ 7 n ridg , 7 ¢ p b a s 7 6 f n‘ tAA SO b e 7 6 xa1r{0' 7 t illi rd , p iép ridl , p b 7 6 1 ro vM 7 6 r o vk dm b a 6 KA6 >7 1 $ ird , , rig nd , 4 1 ’ irth d a 7 6 6 VV 7 o 6 t a b c e w y, 7 n p ring , p p b s u t us 7 6 7 6 a rt a b a ( a 66s 1 r)\a7 6s i c i , r k , p ro d , p p , x67 o b e 6 7 6 dk w ronz , x rc y a b s 6 66 0 7 67 7 3 6 b 7 6 vaim 7 6 i hop, 1 , rook , fi , tt e bit K o dn b m f a n o ih ra (li l ) , pp roo , ) b e Ea ' xaiuw 7 06' w b t 7 6 av ii i it , y , p y ro h , ( / b tte m lc 6s b t e 6 686 A 6s i r , p ro h r , ¢ b a a ii o s b t e - in - law 6 w a mdae o s l ck , p p ro h r , y w , b a o f b ts o a 7 d w o a 6v6 666 7u 0 s 6 a 6s l ck ( oo , p p , p p , 7 p 7 m b w eAa ‘ o w tfs KtiKKtl/O S‘ pou ro n , p yxp , i b a u ro ' t a b us fi l cking, f y r h Bo pfl f a b ess 6 6A0 f w - w b us o v 7 w l , 7 f , r h B p 6 i§ 7 U A6s 0 7 05 65 b ud in lind , ¢ , 0 8 , m b e a l/063 b u Ko t6s lond , g g , p 1 1 6 H T A A S OR AND EASY MODERN GREEK GR MMAR .

b u 7 i w ase in an w ls 66 6 0 ild , X § c , y, x p ' wh o bu s use 13 7 0 1 6s gau e as 7 6 a 6 6 1 ( ) ilt thi ho g c k , B p 6 67 6 7 6 0 7 7 1 ast e 7 6 7 6 6 67 1 7 6 K 60 ' 7 0 6 7 6 ' as 6 c l , , p , p y b u a 7 6 66 1 1 1 0 cat 6 67 0 3 67 6 ri l , 4 7 , 7 , 7 b u K a iw a rn , c tch , b u 667 7 67 a 6 6u7 1 lc6s 6 ( 7 1 6 11 0 3 ry , c tholic , ( 77 7 ) b us 6 67 0 3 au we 7 6 1co vvo v7 i61 h , 6 c liﬂo r, ' b e b us 6 6: 60 0 6 6 1 6 e a 6 1c6 1/ 7 o s‘ ( ) y , X c d r, 7 p ’ b u e 6 «01 0 67 1 9 6 7c 6 0 1ra76 7 5 emete 7 6 1 61/ 6 6 tch r, 7 , p 7 c ry, 7 . p b u e 7 6 o 67 v o e t me 7 6 6 6 11' 1 ' 6V tt r , B p c n i , ’ b u e i 7 6 7 016 0 8601 e a e a w s tt rﬂy , ; c rt in , B B b u 6 0 7 6 e a 60 66 6 1 6 y, 7 7 n c rt inty , 6 b u f 6 i w a 6 616 11 0 666 y ood , ( v f ch in , 7 ' b 61 6 617 6 1 6 a 1c6 61< 6 6 y, , , 7 ch ir, p

' a 1 1 ia 7 7 6 7 1 . 7 11 1 w6 6 . 6 0 ch lk , 7 7 , p p c a e 11 ma m 6 1 11 . s e 6 6 h ng ( ( ll on y) , , 466 6 a e m e 6 6 6 w 61 6 6 6 0 ch ng ( on y) X f , 0 cab a a e 71 01 1 67 0 01 a a 7 6 K6 o w/ o , c rri g , 7 , ch rco l , pB abb a e 7 6 Ad a vo ch alit 6 6 6 6 7 1 0 6 v 1/7 c g , x y, 7 77 7 ab ma 6 61 1 01 61 5 ea 6 11 9 11 11 63 ( 7 1 1/ 6S c n , 7 5 ch p, , p 7

afé 7 6 K ak evei o v ea v . 6 6 66 1 c , p ch t ( 7 , a u ate 6 o a 1 6 w ee 7 6 1 6' 6 c lc l , y p § ch k , 1 yov o a f 7 6 1 0 0 6 7 1 eese 7 6 7 u i c l , 7 x 7 ch , p ’ ’ a ame Ae w em s s s 7 6 >a 1 6 1c620 11 c ll (n ) , y Ch i t hop, ¢ p7

a o ut ( an /6 .0 e 7 6 11 6 66 1 c ll , p 0 ch rry, 0 ‘ ' - W at is t s a e 2 7 635 6V0 1 6 6 7 a 1 e ee K e a d ta. ( h hi ) c ll d 7 § ch rry tr , p 01 67 6 7 633 7 6 es o f th e b 7 6 17 7 7 00 3 ; ch t ( ody) , 3 ° ' a m 6 7 0 v 1 a 016 4 11 7 at e 7 6 160 7 7 67 0 11 6 0 1! c l 7 7 x , 7 7 7 ( chick n , sea 7 6 7 6 7 6 1 6611 1 ) child , a m 60 0 6 0 7 6 11 1 60 c l 7 x 0 chill , 7 a m 60 0 0 3 11 6 7 11 63 at sea 7 6 611 6 1 0 11 c l 7 75 , 7 7 ( ) chin , 7 e 7 1 6 111 as 7 1 6 0 6 6 1 c an 11 7 0 63 s . , ( 6 7 70 chok , 7 (p 7 7 ) ' ' can 11 6 7 6 y 6 7c6 s e a 0 6 6 6 ( . chol r , x p a e 7 6 K i st a 6 1 0' 7 1 6 v6s c ndl , np Chri i n , xp

‘ ' a e h ead lan d 7 6 67c w7 7 1 s mas 7 6 1 0 7 o 6' 6 1/V6 c p , , p 7p Chri t , xp y a ta 6 6 0 1 63 : o f a s 6 u ”7 61c1c6 7 0’ i6 6 611 166 0 1 6 c p in , 70 7 hip, ch rch , 7 7 ( 7 7 ) 7 6 o ia o s a 7 6 7 0 6 0 px cig r , p a 7 6 a 7 i a ette 7 6 0 1 6 7 0 ea ma e 7 6 c rd , X p Cig r , 7 7 (r dy d ) ' a a s wa i w a 7 1 6 0 ' 1 ' 6 6 7 7 0 (pl y) c rd , g x p y p ’ a e 7r 0 0 0 s e 7 0 7 6711 6 c r , p x6 ci t rn , 7 7 ’ a e a e 7r 0 0' 6 w t e 6 7 0 6 1 7 7 s c r , t k , p x ci iz n , 7 a eful 7 0 0 ' 6 11 7 1 1 6s t 6 7 da1 s c r , rp c ci y, ; a e ess 617 60 6 7c7 o s ea 7 6 0' 7 1 1c6s 11 6 96 763 c r l , 0 cl n p , 7 ‘ ‘ a ess a e a 1 66 6w ea 7 6 6 7 7 6 601 K6 06 i w c r , c j ol , x cl n 7 , p § a va 7 67 6K 6 ws ea 6 6 6 7 6s c rni l , 7 p cl r, , p e e 6 a a ' fc6s e 76 1 1 6 7 6 63 c arp nt r p p y cl rk , 7 7 7 7 a et 7 6 a ai mate 7 6 c rp , x cli , alria e 7 6 1 01 6 7 1601 0 67 0 6 mb 61 1/ 6 6 f1/w c g , 7 7 5 , 7 7 cli , 8 a ( e w a 7 6 7 6 1/ o c 6 1 c rry, p p clo k , p p

1 1 8 A SH T AN ASY M G K AM AR O R D E OD ERN REE GR M .

’ u se exe ab e 11 6 7 6 6 1 euo s es wve6w c r d , cr l , p 7 dig t, x u ta 11 0 1 7 211 6 est 1611 6 1 1 1 c r in , 7 dig ion, x 1 ’ us a 1 6 6 6 1 e 7 6 1 w c hion , p £ p din , p 7

cust m 6 0 11 406 16 - m 7 6 7 6 6 i6 6 66 6 o , 7 dining roo , p § p , ust me 6 11 0 11 6 7 6 7 3 7 6 6 67 7 3 e c o r, 7 6 7 , 7 dinn r, cut 11 6 7 w 11 68 01 e - a i , ¢ , 7 dinn r n pkin , ) e t 6 616 69 11 11 6 1 dir c ion , 7 e 6 alGUOUV‘T‘ S dir ctor, fi t mud f 6 66 7 7 dir , , ; ; ’ t a o s dir y, Bp mw ama e 6 6 7 10 s v e 611 11 6 6 61 17 6 d g , 3 6 di co r, 7 ' am 6 63 6 1 11 6 11 0 3 s a e s ame 6 611 7 1 0 7 6 d p, 7 p , Bp 1 7 di gr c , h , 7 7 7 d a e 6 0 63 s u se 66 6 6 1 nc x p di g i , 0 a e 0 6 6w s ust 4 67 616 d nc x p di g , 7 7 a e 6 11 61 611 11 0 3 s 7 6 7 1 67 0 d ng r, di h , a b 7 0 6 1 7 1 61 sm ss 61 16 11 6 1 d ring, old , 7 77 di i , x d a 6 11 0 7 6 1 11 63 s e 67 a £6 rk , di ord r, £ it is a 6 711 6 6 11 0 7 661 s s t 61606 6 1 d rk , di po i ion , ate d a o f th e m t 7 1 6 1 0 7 11 1 6 7 6 6 66 611 1 6 6 e7 6s d ( y on h) , 7 7 7 6 7 ditch , , x ' au te 7 9 11 6 7 6 6 v e w i w d gh r , 7 7 p di id , x p f d a ‘é a d o 11 6 y, fl (fifl p , p ' d a b ef e este a 7 a 7 e 3 h o w d o o u d o 7 633 6 76 9 6 7 1 11 6 1 y or y rd y , p x ( y ) , , 7 ea V6 7 6 d d , ; ’ eaf 11 0 11 1 63 w at am I to d o 7 1 11 6 11 611 61 d , 6 ( h ) 7 ' ’ ' ea e 6 7 6 ' 11 6 7 6 11 7 1 3 t 6 1 a7 6s 1 6 7 0 3 d l r , p y7 7 doc or, p (7 p )

ea S d o 7 6 6 1ct1 6 f 6 6 11 66 0 3 . 6 11 66 6 d r, d t g, , ; (f , d eat 6 0611 6 7 0 3 7 6 6 11 v6 611 1 h , ' eb t 6 o 3 7 11 0 611 6 6 d xp doll , 7 e a te 7 6 1 7 0 11 11 66 1 a 7 6 7 66 6 7 0 11 d c n r, 1 doll r, 7p ’ e emb e 6 A GK G lO S e 6 6t66 0 3 7 0 7 6 0 D c r, p donk y, 7 p , 7 e e 11 01 1 6 1 d cid , p 7 p e s u me t 7 67 6 6 6 1 1 6 7 6 7 6 d ci ion , j dg n , 7 7 ; door, 7 p 11 pi6 1 ( 3 ) doubt ' ee 7 7 a 1 s ubt 611 1 1866 6 10 d d , 7 p £ do 7 7 ' ee 6 061 ve e 7 6 7 6 1 6 7 6 1 d p, 3 do , pig on , p p e a 6 1 616 w?» w 11 67 0) d l y 7 7 , do n , ﬁ e a u e ava a m s e 6 11 7 0 11 11 6 6 610 66 11 63 d p rt r , x pn doz n , 7 0 , 7 ’ d e 7 6 69 0 3 a aw 6 e pth , 3 dr g, dr , m e ut 0 0 6 6 117 63 awe 7 6 6 v 7 6 1 d p y, 3 7 dr r, p p es b e 7 6 1 ’ 61 w awe s 7 6 6 61 8 6 1co d cri , p yp p dr r , , p ’ ese t ”7 6 7 1 i6 7 6 ( a eam 7 6 611 6 1 0 0 d r 7 p 71 , pup dr 7 ' ’ es se 7 6 1 > 0 11 6 w «T1 eam 6 67 61 3 7 611 {5 7 11 0 11 d pi , p 4p , dr 8 ev 6 61 68 0 6 0 3 ess 7 6 6 6 11 6 d il , dr , ¢ p , ' d iarrlue a 7 616 0 1 6 7 i11 w , 7 pp drink , 1 d ie 6 7 0 96 191 6 : o f an a ma ve ta e a 7 7 6 13 1 6 1 1 6 7 671 6711 6 6 ( 0 ( ni l) , dri , k , 77 7 5

' t wc é} 7 O' T G Ai’TO a lp drop, 3 ff e 61 6 >6 w w 67 0 7 1 6 10 di r , 4 p dro n , 7 d ffe e e 61 6 1 0 1 6 u st a e a 6 6 6 6 11 0 7 0 70 3 i r nc , 4 7 dr ggi , poth c ry , ¢ p7 ’ f u 666 11 0 6 0 3 u s s s 6 6 7 6 a 16 7 6 ( a di ﬁc lt , dr ggi t hop, 7 § p , p p d i 6 K 6 7 w 6 6 20 11 g , ¢ 71 11 1 1 9 VOCABULARY.

1 u 1 6 00 6 1 61 0 3 e u ad v . 1 7 66 7 6 6 11 6 7 6 dr nk , 7 7 no gh ( 7 , p ‘‘ u a 6 1 7 6 1 3 it is e u 7 611 6 1 dr nk rd, 7. p 7 ( ) no gh , 7 u e ess e te t a as a ues 7 6 7 7 6 w 7 6 0 1 dr nk nn , n r in ( g t) , p p , dr 7 6 11 6 7 63 7 0 1 0 17 1 6 1 a. 6 3 y ( 7 , { 7p 7 d r 6 7 6 11 611 61 e t a e 7 6 16 0 60 3 y 7 n r nc , 3 u 7 67 1 6 e ve e 6 d K€ AAO S d ck , n lop , ¢ umb 3 0 0 63 e v s 7 6 7 6 i w 6 d , [ 3 n iron , p x p ust w e 7 6 11 611 7 e v 6 1 1 8611 0 3 d , po d r, 3 7 n y, 7 ' u 7 6 6 0 3 7 6 11 6 0611 0 11 e ua 16 0 3 d ty, xp , 7 q l , d e 6 m: es ate 11 7 1 6 y 3 4 t , 67 ’ d e 6 1 7 0 1 6 u e Eb a m y 7 7 7 E rop , p n ’ ' se te 66 6 6 11 7 6 1 6 eve 66 7 6 6 7 6 66v dy n ry , p ning, p , 3 p ' wa f 6 11 611 11 0 3 o c n in 11 6 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 0 0 6 6 3 d r , (g od) g , 7 p ( , ) t s ev e 67 6 1 6 ( hi ) ning , 4 in th e eve n 7 6 66 7 60 6 3 ( ) ni g, 7 eve 11 696 6 11 6 9611 6 3 ry , ,

exa a u ate 6 11 16 7 63 ct, cc r , ’ ’ ea 6 11 6 9611 6 3 11 696 six exa t 6 1116 7 6 3 7 6 23 G L ch , , ( o clock) c ly, E ear 7 6 a b7 i exam e 6 6 7 6 1 1 , in , 5 0

‘ ‘ ea 7 wl ex ava f d Vd O’ Ka J' rly, p c tion , ) Qﬁ ea a 11 6 6i w 7 6 i 11 w ex e t 7 6 6 611 7 63 rn , g in , p f , p c p , p , ea t 1 ex e t 7 6 6 1 1 6 6 1 r h , ) c p ion , 3 5 7 ea ua e 6 6 6 16 1 63 ex use 6 u w 63 rthq k , 7 c y x p eas 611 6 7 0 6 7 exe eself 11 0 7 16 0 t , ) rt on , 0 as e A6 7 ’ ex t E t r, 6 pﬁ i , eas 6 611 0 6 0 3 ex e 6 0 66 66 1 y , p nd , 5 ’ eat 7 a1 ' w ex e se 7 6 , p y p n , e e rim 7 6 GIAO S ex a «23 dg , , X pl in , e u a 6 ex ess é 11 6 w d c tion , 7 pr ,

f am 7 0 2160 1 611 6 1 6 fl o rin 7 6 ( lo fm ily, 3 7 , p p f am us 7r6 f< uo s u 7 6 6Aefi z o , p pm flo r , p f an f el/7 66 7 6 we 7 6 o 6 0 5 61 ) B 53 , flo r, f far ax d y ua 1c v6 6Aa ' a ute 7 6 Ad 7 , p p , , p , py fl , ¢ ov o f a e 7 6 6 06 1 0 11 b sea 6 11 6 8A 0 3 fl i w7' a a r , 7 7 , ( y ) y ) 1 7 , v fas m e 7 6 6 0 63 7 6 7 63 hion , od , 3 06 fly ' f as 6 A1 0 6 fo 6 i A1 t 7 17 0 g , n x ) f as 11 7 6 7 6 661 f 61 7 6 611 61 t 7 old , 5 ' f ast 11 7 6 7 1 16 3 f w 61cv v9 6 w «If: ing 7 ollo , , f at s ut wa 6s 0 v6 63 f f 6V0 7 6 f6 , to , x , x p olly , ) 1 ' fa e 1 7 6 1 7 6 6 < 7 6 f 7 6 6 f 7 o c 'r t , 3 x 1, 7 p p ood , ¢ 7 , p p) fat e 6 7 6 7 6 6 3 f 6 o 663 h r, p ool , p fau t x f a f 7 6 7 661 7 6 1 66 1 l , Sin , p y oot , , ro p f ea e 7 6 ( 7 6 6 f b é wo 6f w 611ra ' o 6 6w th r, p p or id , p g , y p eb ua 6 <1>e 0 0 6 1 0 3 f e we i 6611 6 1 1 F r ry , , Bp 0 orc , po r, ; 7 ’ ‘ f 6 1 66V0 1 1 611 6 1c6 w ee 6 L. 6 f e l , , orc 7 g fema e G Av s f e ea 7 6 1c0 67 a A0 l , fi or h d , ' 1 1 1 6 1 6 fet 7 1 6 6 00 1 6. ( e w f e 61 0 3 6 6 7 7 11 3 ch , 17 p p or ign , £ , 5 1 feve 6 1 rv 6 7 63 f es 7 6 666 0 3 r, p or t , ' e 66 7 6 7 0 3 f v e 6 v‘ 6 w 4 6 fickl , orgi , w p , e 7 6 Bto Af f 7 6 7 7 0 17 11 1 fiddl , ork , 70 e 7 6 w otc t f me Wé a d él/O S 1 r c fi ld , x p p or r, p y , pa 7 6 6 17 160 f sa e 6 4 11 10 fig, or k , 6 1 t w k e 4 610 4 23 f t ess 7 6 < 0 6 10 11 figh o / , or r , pp p ' fi t 6 11 6 1 e 11 '1 f u e 6 7 6 7 gh 1 7 ort n , ; x 7 u e 1 0 6 6 f u e wea i fig r , ¢ 7 p ort n ( lth) , ; e f w f w 1667 7 6 7 6 x0 7 7 61ro vAo fill , y y g o l , , i6 1cw fo x 6A 6 7 i3 find , Bp , ro fi n e A6 7 7 63 ( a/ 0 3 f ee éAe666 0 3 , p r , p e 6 66 7 vA0 3 f ee m 7 6A6 v fl6 f6 6A 6 0 66 1 6 fing r, x r do , 3 p ( p ) 3 s 7 6 A 6 1 611 w 6 0611 00 f e fa e 7 6 6 0 1 0 11 fini h , , r ight , r , 7 7 ‘ f 7 6 6161 e Ia AAm63 fir, ) 7 Fr nch , fi re 7 10 7 1 6 e ma 6 P6AA0 3 3 6 Fr nch n , th e fi re h as e o ut { 6 0 0 6 ( a-7 1 6 f es é6 1co s ( ) gon , 3 p r h , ¢p ’ ' ’ fi re f 7rv 1c6 1 6 a 7 6 6 6 6 1c6 0 1 ) p Frid y , 3 p )

fi re - b a e o f 1 ru 0 6 é 6 7 6 1 f e 6 b o s 1A7 V666 rig d , p B ri nd , g , ¢ 7 ’ at s 1r 637 6 7 6 7 637 0 11 h e is a fr e o f m e 6 10 mu a r ( ) fir t , p , 0 ( ) i nd in , x q h 7 6 6 67 1 fi s , 61 s e 6 1 1 6 223 f e s 7 a fi h r, : p ri nd hi p, 3 a fi st 6 660 3 f t 6 7 6 0 3 , 7 p righ , 6 3 i fi x 6 7 6 6 6uw to f e 7 o u o w , p ( ) right n , p , § ’

fla b a e f 6 a. 7 a 0 3 g, nn r, rog , B p x ame < A6 6 f m 67 6 fl , p y ro , i a o f a e s 7 wA evuo f é vr 66 96 x1 fl nk ( p r on) , 3 (in) ront , p p ( ) , a te K 0 A 6 1c6 6w f u 6 x6 1r6s 7 6 < 0 67 6 fl t r , r it, p , pp flax 7 6 Aft/0 11 f u 1 0 1 67 0 3 6 67 0 3 , ll , 7 1 , 7 0 fl ea 6 11 6A7x s fu a 6 611 6AA7 A0 3 , ( o nction ry , 7 flee >6 6 w f ur 7 0 611 6 , q 7 , 3 7 eet 6 6 7 6A0 3 fu tu e 7 6 3 7 m m: fl rni r , t ' 7 6 1ca7 0 6 7 6 1 6 f u t e 7 6 6 1 e 6 floor , p 1 r h r on , p r p

1 2 2 H T AND A S OR EASY MODERN GREE K GRAMMAR .

a e 7 6 11 76 0 3 use e 6 11 0 1 11 0 11 6 h t 7 ho hold r, a hate 71 1 6 123 h o w 6 63 3 ; ‘ h a 7 6 0 7 6 1 h o w mu Z 7 66 0 3 y, x p p ch ea 7 6 11 6 6A1 umb e 6 w1 7\63 h d , 6 h l , x , 7 ' ea 7 u u 11 6 1 6 6 1 611 0 3 h lth , 7 h ng p, p 7 7 ' ea 611 0 610 611 0 6 10 h u e 7 71 65 11 6 h r, , 7 ng r, 7 ea t 7 11 6 816 u te 6 11 11 11 7 63 h r , 5 p h n r, 77 eat 7 66 7 7 u b e in a 16 0 1 6 1 h , 7 ( 7 h rry, , B § 7 6 1 6 1 eave 0 6 6 x6 u t v a. A 7 7 1 61 10 3 ( . 10 1 h n , 0 h r B 6 , ( 71

“ eav Ba 63 u be In a 6 0 11 610 - w h y , p h rt ( p in) , , ° eel 7 7 6711 6 usb a d 6 6 6 1 0 3 6 611 7 6 3 h , 7 6 7 h n , 0 7 , 0 ee o f st 7 6 7 6 11 0 611 1 ush ! 6 6 6 h l ( ocking) , h 7 e 7 6 61 1 0 3 h ut 7 6 11 6 6 6 1 h ight, 1 , 3 e 7 11 671 6 6 1 h ll , 5 e 0 7 963 h lp, 8 7 h en 11 67 7 6 , 75 e e 66123 h r , e e e e I am ! a swe b ice 6 7 6 0 3 h r h r ( n r y , 7

wa te 6 96 6 6 f m 9611 10 ice- eam 7 6 7 6 10 7 0 7 Aa 6 666 i r) , 6 ( ro 6 , cr , 7 , 5 7 ' a ri ve ea 7 2666 r ) id , 7 e 7 6 6 6 if 611 6 1 6 h rring, 7 0 77 , , 7 ' e s 7 7 67 6 6 7 6 1 1 6 7 6 1 if h e s u me 7 0 60 11 6 611 07 hid , kin , 6 , ho ld co , x 7 e 11 7 6 10 6 10 6 7 0 3 66 96 11 63 hid 7 78 ill , pp , 7 6 17 A63 I fee 1 0 11 6 6 7 6 1 7 6 11 6 11 6 high , ( )4 7 ill , l 7 px - wa 6 6 1 6 1 11 63 60 66 0 3 - use ab use 11 6 11 6 1 67 6 6 1 6 0 1 6 1 high y, 6 7 7 ill , 7 x p § 7

e eve t 6 1 7 0 66 1) e a 1 1 6 7611 0 1 0 3 hind r, pr n , 7 0 ill g l , 7 1 e 611 0 1 1 1 6 0 e ma e 1 6 67 1 11 0 3 hir 7 0 ill giti t , 4 ' h s 7 1 6 7 o ia ess 7 6 0 10 6 7 16 i tory, } p illn , 5 07

11 6 7 600 - 5 7 mme ate 6 1 66 10 3 hold , 6 , i di ly, 7 e 7 7 767 6 7 a 671' 6 h e w me mme ate 7 160 11 hol , 5 7 , p ( ill co ) i di ly , 7 ' ' a 7 60 7 7 7 66 7 6 6 ‘ 1 a 6 6 7 6 1 holid y, 6 p 7, i 6 , py px 6 1 0 3 m a e 611 0 7 6 1 0 11 0 3 holy, 7 i p ti nt , 7 H T u s a 7 1 6 671 7 11 6 7 7 m a t 6 7 0 1166 70 3 oly h r d y, i 7 7 7 6 7 i port n , me a 66 w7 6 111 63 m ss b e 66611 6 7 0 3 ho , inl nd , p i po i l , ’ me at 3 7 6 6 7 7 7 1 m veme t 7 11 6 11 71 1 7 676 0 6 1 ho , , 3 i pro n , 5 7 is h e at me ? ( fl/ G m u e t 6 69667 3 ( ) ho i p d n , 7 e 7 6 1 671 1 in 1 66 6 6 13 hon y, 7 , 7 u 7 essa 611 6 7 67 6 0 6 7 0 3 hono r , 7 inc nt , hope 6A7ri§w inconv enience we1p6§w e 7 6A7rf66 ee e ta 8 68 011 01 11 621 1 6 7 6 hop 5 ind d , c r inly , 7 7 , 7 7 6 11 6 6 3 ff e e t 661 6 0 0 3 horn , p indi r n , 6 p se 7 6 6A0 ' o 6 11 6 8 6AA7 3 d s se 11 6 11 0 61 606 7 0 3 hor , y , 7 7 in i po d , seb a 11 6 86AA6 s s t 1 ( on) hor ck , 7 indi po i ion , 5 se- b o 6 6 10 1 67 7 3 fa 7 6 w 6 hor y, 7 7 7 in nt, y p s a 7 6 11 0 6 0 11 0 1 620 11 fe to w t a isease 11 0 71 71 610 ho pit l , 7 in ct , ( i h d ) , , 6 6 7 63 Ko AAw hot , { e 7 6 €V0 5 0 620 V fe t us 11 0 71 A7 7 111 63 hot l , E X in c io , 7

te - ee e s 6 6 v0 66 0 3 f m 6 360 71 0 1 610 «13 ho l k p r, ho t, § x in or , , ‘ u 7 6 76 f mat 7 7 71 7 0 0 7 61 ho r, 5 7 in or ion , 7 70 6 7 use (7 1 15 7 1 b e f me 1 rA7 0 0 0 6 1 6 1 ho , 5 ( ) in or d , 7p 6 p 7 VOCA BULARY .

‘ ' i at tu e 7 6 6 1 6 7 ia u t e 7 6 1co vua. 1 ngr i d , 7 x p j g, pi ch r , , p ’ ab 13 6 7 0 111 6 111 4 3 Ju 6 Io vA1 0 3 inh it , , ly, 2 1 ab ta 6 11 6 7 0 1 11 0 3 um s 1 in 7 7 66 61 «I; inh i nt , j p, g, 7 , p’ - J n / w u e, 6 Io v1 1 0 3 ' in ui 1 Ad us 601 6 1 0 3 j y, 7 B Bn, ﬂ j t , 7 6 1 6 11 611 1 us exa t 16 6 16 1 6 6 61 6 7 6 ink , 1 j t ( c ly) , , , 7 6 11 6 ust e 7 6 6111 6 1 0 11 61 6 1 0 6 611 7 6 7 6 8 1 1 . 11 7 inn, } 7 1 , } j ic , 7 AOKd VT a

wa s e 7 6 i x/ 1 ( y id ) inn , x e innoc nt, ' sa e 7 6 21 71 0 3 in n , p ‘ ‘ s 6 66 1 0 6 7 ee d 11 0 6 7 661 - é1 in cription , 7 7 6 3 k p (hol ) , 7 , stea o f 611 7 i3 ee ua 1 1171 6 6 1 1171 610 in d , k p (g rd) , 6 7 , 6 ’ st ume 7 a w ee e s w 6 6 7 13 7 611 71 6 0 11 in r nt , 5 ynx ﬁ k p (on ord) , 3 ( 7 ) ' ' ’ su t 7r 0 6 671 Aw wet d w et e 6 7 611 7 6 6 3 7 6 1 6 a in l p 8 , p g k tl , § p , § p

i n su a 66 1 621 6 1 6 k e 7 6 11 A 6 1 8i r nce, 4 y, te a al 61 6 611 4 3 11 71 0 7 6 13 in rn tion , 7 kick, i e u t 81 6 11 6 1 7 61 e s 7 6 vec w int rr p , 4 kidn y , pp e u t 7 61 6 11 0 7 6 6 11 0 7 611 10 int rr p ion , 5 7 kill , t e ab e 6 61 7 7 0 3 11 6 21 63 in ol r l , 6 1 7 kind t u e 7 6 1 0 0 6 1 6 0 es 7 6 6 260 in rod c , 7 0 kind (d cription) , 3 ve t ﬁ n d o ut 13 6 11 6 11 10 6 6 6 1 71 66 3 6 6 1 71 6 83 in n , , 6 6 king , 6 (3 ) ven 7 6 1 6 11 1 6 6 1 7 6 61 1 6 11 1 6 1 6 ss 7 6 ( iA ua in tion , } 6 1 , 1 1 1 ki p m ‘ ves ate 6 6 7 6 w ss 1 71 610 «2» in tig , & g ki 6 , ' v te 1r 0 6 11 6 71 6 w «21 e 7 6 1 6 6 1 1 6 1 6 in i , p , kitch n , 1 7 1 6 6 f67 0 3 ee 7 6 iron 7p kn , ‘ 6 1 617 1 611 1 0 3 fe 7 6 1 6 6 7 ) “ en - fe 7 iron 1 kni , 1 x 7 (p kni ) , 7 iron 0 1 86 !) d 6 0 11 7 1 6 ‘ i s a 7 6 11 7 6 1 fe- us 7 11 6 6 1 1 o i l nd , 7 kni thr t , 7 7 x p ’ Ita a 6 l7 6 71 63 t 117 1 611 61 li n kni , ’ I a a a. I7 6 7\1 1c63 7 v1 rdw «13 t li n ( knock , x , ’ I a I7 6 )1 [ 6 t 6 11 61 1 7 0 t ly, kno 1 3 ’ ’ v 7 6 1 111 7 1 6 1 w 6 w 6 6 6 1 10 i ory, 6 kno , 5 p , 5 1 w e e 11 61 ) kno , r cogniz , 7 1 i w fam a 11 10 6 7 63 kno n , ili r , 7

am 7 6 71 v 1 6 1 6 j , 7 1c 1 lan ual 6 Ia v v6 1 0 y, o p 3 ea us 7 71 1 6 1 1 3 lab u 60 11 11 6 16 j lo , ( 7 1 7 o r, ° Jew 6 EB 6 1 0 3 1 EB a fa a e v 6 11 001 6 , p , 7 p l dd r, i ' ewe 7 6 6 7 0 A1 61 a 7 fa n v 1 1cu é. j l , l dy , 7 p , 5 p 611 611 10 j oin , a e 77 21 1 1 11 1 l k , 1 7 e 6 w 6 7 63 a / j ok x p mb , 7 6 6 m 7 6 a t (lif t l p , p

e V . w 6 7 6 6w ame Ko v7 6 6 j ok ( x p l , 3 o uln e 7 6 7 6 1 61 lam j y, 5 , 77 (have yo u don e this) j ourn ey ( 11 6 11 6 3 lan 77 ' 6 67 611 1 7 61 8 6 1 0 a ua e 7 01 6 16 6 6 p 1 ; l ng g , 7 7 o 6 5 j y, 77 x 6 au em 7 6 6 11 0 1 p l t , 6 0 u e j dg , lal e 1 6 6 71 0 3 g , 1 7 H T A ND A S OR EASY MODERN G REEK G RA MMAR .

as ( Od me 6 (i G éUT S l t p li , B H ’ ast 7 6 A6 v7 6 20 3 e 7 a l lin , ? Vp fl mw ’ i ast at as 3 7 6 7 671 0 3 e a vas 7 6 Awa i l ly , l t , lin n , c n , p a e 6 1 6 e f m th e was 7 6 60’ 7r t5 o v a l t , 77 p pp x lin n ro h , ate ea 6 6 11 6 17 7 3 e s e 7 6 o fi a l (d d) , 7 0 7 lin n ( oil d) , fi x i au 6 71 601 «11 7 6 Aeo u7 o t l gh , 7 , lion , p la 6 ’ li 7 6 e w I d 1. 0 iAo , / 3 p, x s 5 aw e 6 61 11 7 6 1 0 3 s e cit/£ 0 1 0) l y r, 77 1 li t n , la ut a a, e m é s { Mf 0 3 y, p , s g littl , u p , g/ la th e ab e 7 6 7 a 1r6 z v e a d o y t l , p § li , ( , { a 7 6 11 7 671 7 3 ve at d O c u l zy , 7 7 li ( ) , p ' lea V 661 600 - 63 ( e z/w ve w ds d ( . 77 , , p p li ly, ( np ’ ea 7 6 1 0 71 6 1 7 6 0 71 6 1 1 v e 7 6 m ma n z l d , 7 3 , 3 7 li r, ea e 7 6 v «puma/ 6s l d p ncil , li ing, ( 11 0 71 63 1 load 7 €p f§w leaf 7 6 < 671 71 0 a 7 6 ( d 'rw a , p lo d p p y ea 1 6 9 6 l1/w 1 6 11 0617 61 b s e 7 6 l rn , 1 , 1 lo t r, ’ ea b ea a ea ivw d 7r o f a Ba tci l rn y h rt , u lo k ) p ‘ eat e 7 6 6 6 7 6 f 7 1 ré1 ‘ 0 ‘ a a c a M w l h r, , 7 lock p g eave 6 7 17 10 A6u7 6 7 6 A 0 V8fvo v l , 6 7 London , p , ef 6 1 6 7 6 63 G S a x zis l t , p p , Cd long , y p ' le 7 6 6 65 1 7 6 7 66 1 a me 1 7\6 Ka t é v g, , ro p ( ) long ti , ro u p ' em 7 6 71 6 1 611 1 fo r v eé w - o6 l on , 1 long , y p , em a e 71 1 11 0 11 666 Icv7 7 ci w l on d , 7 look § f e d o ut I Ba fia é S l n , look p , n P e t 7 6 6 7 11 0 3 - ass 6 x6 9 67r7 s l ng h , 7 7 looking gl , p n e t 2 6 1 6 11 0 6 7 6 se civw L n , 1 7 lo , x ess 671 1 67 6 1 0 17 e 7 6 Aa ef o v l , 7 7 lott ry, x ess 7 6 1 69 7 1 6 ve 7 67 l on , 1 71 lo 5 7 d l 1 1 6 1 c et ( o f a house) 61 0 11 1 01: lo ve 67 6 let to b e 6vo 1 11 1 6 6 7 6 1 lo w a Aé s , , § , x y n e e 7 6 1 611 11 6 7 66 1 6 7 0 71 7 u 7 7 6 7 l tt r, 7 7 7 7 , 7 3 l ck , ; x 7 et e o f th e a abe 7 6 6 1 1 6 u a e 7 6 w d a 7 a l t r lph t , 7 7 1 7 , l gg g , p ny

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1 26 A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

’ vemb e 6 No e No r, p zo s ’ n o w 7 , a7pa umbe 6 6 1 96 n r, p , 6$ n a 7 6 Ka < i ' il , p p u se w n r , a a civa 7 V7 6 V7 6 p n , , n a o f th e e 7 6 il ( fing r) , n ut (wa ut 7 6 x6 667 ln ) , p (h azel n ut a e u /6 ) 7 n k d , y m 3 7 6 (po vv7 0 8m ame 7 6 iii/O . “ n , p ’ ' n ame w at is u 2 7 f , h yo r 67 : a s Aexe a w n rro , a n 7 6 n tio , 3 a a ( 971 776 5 5 ' n tion l , o ak i , ) 7 6 66 V7 0 V 6 f p , ) 8 6 6 6 11 1 66 5 a ve ( t/7 67 1 0 5 n ti , ( eve ee 7 6 w u rgr n ) , o pvdpi a ve u 7 7 6 7 i66 n ti co ntry , ) p at 6 6 o h , p7co s n atu a < v0' uc63‘ r l , p ats 7 6 o , d u t a u e 6m n t r , 6 ¢ b e, mi t/co d w o lig n x p . See al so co m n ea wax/7 6 m d r , , u pel e essa it is ell/ e ci t/ 6 ' n c ry ( ) , 7 70 7 b ue 6 0 0 o liq , 5 s e ess tate 6u6 7c6 w n c i , 7 § bse v a 7 6 o r tion , 6 776 7 1377 776 : n e e s 7 ' s t , 73 67 6 777 ' fi c i y 7 7 bs ' e ve r a - o r , p6 7 77 ew a3 a lco r a p , , w e 6 Aa , mé s ’ n ck u ’ p e ( o f a a e m a f occ i d pl c ) , ap evo s ee e u e eta o a z ’ ' n d , r q ir , X p f y t b e 6 O x7 Oc o r, 6JBpto s ee e 7 6 3 6 6 61 6 n dl , ffe 7r 0 6 é o r , p ¢> pw e 6 6 61r7 $ n gro , p 7 ffi e u , t use 7 6 / o c co n ing ho , 7 pa ¢ e2o y e b u 6 ‘ etT O VQ S i n igh o r, y ft e a v u o n , x c O il 7 6 dar , A e ew 6 ri ve /1 63 n ph , d WG AQ l old , dS i es wA eo ' n t, ¢ man 6 old , y epo s n et 7 i ° , 6 7 6 Si u x w ma a 1 6 1 old o n , 7 py , 7 7 7761 7 1 6 6 6 eve n r , e a ’ t I e a k eh old r h n , y y epo s 617 6 y eva n ew K6 W 0 6 to s ’ ’ , p ve f eA a. ’ oli ; i y n ew ea s d a 7 7r w7 o o ma y r y, 3 p xp ve- ee éA d oli tr , p ews 7 d a n n , 3 m m bus 7 6 A ew o ni , ¢ 0 pef o v ews a e s 6 éc e iBa 7 3 7 7 6 7 i n p p r , ; pnp p ( 3 4 76 7 6 ) 7 6 x o onion , p pp t Bt ’ e n a k o s ’ nic , , o uo v only, p e e 73 ni c , open 6V0 1 x7 6s t 6 7 6 , i; v x ’ nigh open 6V0 f yw t at 7 V Vfi m nigh , , 6 x e a 61re 6 7 op r , p [ 6 6 6 6 66776 6 6 ]

, 6 c i n no x V‘5 -7 op nio , 7 ﬂ ) b e no l , um 7 6 6 min opi , 6 ‘ se s ut c wl’ a ff ’ noi , ho , 77 p p tu t 7 exma z ia o por ni y, ? p ' ' 7 6 ea t ' , h ny e s te noon p oppo i , xapa t s 6 Bo d s te 617 m; north pp oppo i , t ezo s ’ ’ nor h d p s e the use 6777 A6 s 7 oppo it ho , 6 6 7 67 : se 7 67 7 e no , 3 6 7 h ves a b 77 666 7 6 1 d 1r li h rd y, 6 617 m: n o t , ess ve a 6 oppr i , B p s i n o t et ' y , M66 77 a e 7 6 7ro 7 0 a A or ng , p y At : (mandarin 7 6 i ’ ) , l i te, 7 6 a am m a ezwd s v no y p yy , nu y 6 7 6 im : b te re a r/7 p ( it r) , p 0 . i nothing , a e- t ee 7ro 7 6 - ak am or ng r , p y ’ n t e 7 o ezwa‘ zs e a o ic , 3 ny , b e 7 0 wa d ow o z/ ord r dg , p m vel ma e 7 6 q m' ’ xa e e u no , ro nc , p m , at 7 7 61 7 ord r r g l ion , 5 5 1 2 VOCABULARY . 7

7 66 717 0 1/ ve e fo r 7 6 6 6AAw ao r. ea h 6 0 76 gi ) ord r , p 7 7 ( p c , 6 i ﬂ a d €lAa 7 6 ’ 6 m6 ea 7 6 67 f67 : w 7 6 6 7xo 67 7 6 p 7 7 , p67 7 ) p r, ( ild ) x , ame 7 6 7060 7 6 6 6 6 7 f67 orn nt , 6 17 7 p i 7 7 w 6 an 7 6 6 6 0 6 ea t ee 7) 6 7 6 6, xA6 670 orph , p¢ p r r , ( ild )

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a b e 7 avém t a V . w7 o a i w p in ( in) , , pho ogr ph ( ¢ 7 p ¢ § ‘ 2 a t 7 6 é a 7 6 7 0 7 0 t ra e 6 w7 o 6 0 3 p in xp m, ) 7 pho og ph r, ¢ 7 p ¢ w‘ m i w a 1 w7 0 6 >f6 a t V . t p in ( { yp p f pho ogr phy, ) ¢ 7 p 4 ’ a e 6 w' otc o s a f te 7 6 7 70277 0 p int r , { yp p pi no or , a 7 6 ev' d t 11 6 av a s 6 766 7 6 3 p ir, ( y p pick ( . K fy , 0 i a a e 7 6 7 6 mn tu e p l c , pic r , a e 41’ 63 : o f u s biz/0 0 07 0 3 e e 7 6 77 0 7 7 67 7 p l , X p ( colo r ) , pi c , 7 7 a e 7 6 a 7 i i 7 6 0 v 0 v7/ 7 p p r , x p p g, 7 p a a se 6 n a dam o s e 7 6 7 6 70 ' 7 6 7 P r di , p pig on , p p ’ ’ a as f 66 7 eAA6 m 6 6 7 7 3 p r ol , ; , p pilgri , x { 7 a I b e u a 7 6 11 7 6 77 6 7 6 7 67 7 p rdon , g yo r p rdon , 7 pill ( . 6 6 a v' n tk é t 7 606 76 V U. w w 7 6 a , yx pfi pillo , p fi p a e ts o f t 6 y a w/ 63 p r n , pilo , 77 a s 7 6 Ha fm in 7 77 07 77 717 0 6 P ri , p p , 3 7 7 a t 6 7 6 7 7 6 66 6 0 3 e 7 7 6 77 77 7 p rro , 7 pin , 3 7 a t 7 6 6 0 3 we 7 6 6 6< 6 6 6 0 p r , u p pink , gilly flo r, 7 p p a o f th e a 77 w fo w a e sm e 7 6 7 77 7 7 7 0 7777 7 : n ar p rting ( h ir) , 7 x p p pip (to ok ) , 7 a t e 7 6 6ma h ileh 6 r/a 7A63 6 6 77k63 p r ridg , p g , p7 , p7 ass o f t me ws vdw «23 e wa e 6 0 70 767 77 6 3 p ( i ) , p , pip ( t r) , 3 ass t 7 6 61 6 6 7 to v 6 7 s a6 6s st 7 6 7 70' 7 6A7 p por , 3 fip , § p pi ol , ' ast WG G O' GVO S 7 6 766 7 761 6 766 7 1 6 7 7 p P M pitch , 7 ( 7 7 ) patch “WG AAdI/w pity 6 6 7 0 1777 6 7 ’ at e e IS‘R' O O V‘I t W a a 7 7 77 1 6 6 p i nc , M I pi y , h t , 7 6 atte m e 7 6 a e 6 7 67 0 3 7 6 7 6 0 3 p rn , od l , pl c , , 7 p ‘ a 6 1 0 063 7 6 a ue 7 6 7/o i77c7x6 6 A0 7 7 63 p y 6 , pl g , , 7 a 7 A 61/w a 6 766 77 0 3 p y np pl in , 7 a me t 7 7 A7 w6 a 7 6 d 667c v p y n , 3 7p 7 6 pl n , x ea 7 6 7 t 62u a 7 6 p , § pl nk , ea e ei 'lw‘r a t 7 6 7 0 7 677 p c , 6 p ) pl n 4 1 28 H T A ND EASY MO D RN G REEK A S OR E GRAMMAR .

ate 7 6 7 7 67 0 es 6 7 6 7 63 pl , pri t , a wa f w e 6 7 f' 7c7 7 6 s 6 7 71 7 pl y , f princ p y 7 ( 7 7 7 774) ‘ easa 6 6 6 7 o' 7 o s ess 7 7 0 7 7 7 7 67 7 pl nt , x p princ , 7 7 7 7 6 ’ ‘ ease 6 e0 w o u e a ? t V 7 v7r6vw pl , p do y lik th t prin ( ’ 77 6 éo e7 6 137 6 s 7 ( 7 77 71 6 77 7 p , pri on , 5 1 ; i o u ease 0 6 7 6 76 6 71 723 7 f 77 . b ab e 7 7 66 7 63 y pl , 7 pro l , ' easu e 6 7 7 6 Ice 60 5 pl r , x p , proﬁt , p

' easu e w a is u ? 6 f0 7 e ess 7 7 70 77 0 7 7 pl r h t yo r p progr , ; 7 7 ’ ‘ u 7 6 6A e7 7 m se 7 67 67 ea 7 s plo gh , p pro i 7 X ( ) um 7 6 66 7 66 70 11 0 7! m se 67 60 0 6 7 7 6 6 pl , 7 7 pro i x 6 , 0 ’ ' e 7 0 6 7r7 n u e 7 0 7 6770 pock t , 7 pro o nc , 0 6 7 ‘ ea 7 u at 7 7 o c o 6 point , p k , 7 pron nci ion , 7 p p p s 7 6 ( a im e e u a 7 6 77 7 7 77 65 poi on p pm prop r , r g l r , ‘ s 6 7 6 6 77 677 0) e 7 7 6 77 7 0 77 77 67 poi on 6 7 7 prop rty , 7 7 e 677 7 77 17 0 7 16 e 6 3 7 0 77 7 7 7 7 5 polic , 7 propri tor , 6 7 ‘ ’ o h c ema11 6 77 A7 7 7 6 3 u 67 e 7 7 a vo s p , 7 7p pro d , p 7 p te e v ' ev s ve 67 0 6€ 7 uéw «23 poli , y ﬁ pro , x , o n lad e 7 7TO LLa T a ve b a a e 7 p , 7 7 pro r , d g , ) ' ' o o l K a i el/ o s v e 7 1 0 6 7 96 66: p , p pro id , 7 7 7 e 6 7 a 7 a s v e 7 73wa a pop , r r pro inc , 5 p ' a 7 Ae6fc7 uss a 7 o a ia popl r , 7 7 Pr i , 7 p 7 6 o 7 w 6 uss a 6 11 7 73 6 6 0 3 pork , x p Pr i n , 7 Q 6 A l él/ Q S 7 6 7r6 7 0 1 77 77 671 6 ub 67 7 67 7 0 3 port , ﬂ , p , 7 p lic , 77 e 6 a dk s ub s 67 7 0 77 76 667 port r , x u n p li h , 77 ' s s ua 7 966 7 u 7 16 66 7 4 3 a e vw po ition , it tion , 7 p ll , 7 8 , , p ss b e 6v1/ 6 7 6s u se u sa n 6 7 7777 6 63 po i l , p l (p l tio ) , 1 7 7 it is ss b e um 7 7 71 0 7 7 7 6 ( ) po i l , p p, ; 7 c ' ’ 5 s 7 7 66 7 6 7 6 7 6 v 6 o ei o v u ua 3 7 7 V 6 1 6 7/ po t , 7 , x p y p nct lly , 7 7

' s a e- s am 7 6 6 6 6 6 7 6o 7 0 v u s 7 7 6 67 7667 - 63 7 6 766 66: po t g t p, 7 p 7 7 76 p ni h , 7 7 , , ‘ 7 stma 6 676 7 0 7 76 65 u s m e t 7 7 77 ia po n , 7 p ni h n , 7 , p st e 67/6 86AA 6 u e 77 6 96 1 65 po pon , 7 p r , 7 o t vesse 7 6 6 670 77 u at v e 7 6 KG O ’ lO V 7 6 7 6 96 7 77c6v p , l , 7 7 p rg i , d , p ta 7 7 6 7 67 6 u se 7 6 7 0 6 1 po to , 7 p r , 77 un li vre 7 M7 76 o f we t 7 us cr7 7 c6 po d ( ) , } 7 , igh ; 7 p h 7 w ' i .\ 7 6 o f m e ut 0 11 a a s es a AAw 77 7 677 0 p on y p ( co t , ho ) , B , u o ut 6uw 7 6 7 po r , X 7 w e 7 0 77 677 7 po d r , 5 7 9 wel 7 61 11 6 7 73 6 1 7 67 6 6 73 po , 7 7 , 6 7 7 : A 3 a se ( 7 6 7 71 667 - w pr i , , a 7r o a ev o 6 6 7 pr y , p x 7 ’ 1 efe1 7 70 7 7 7 6 70 - c6 ua 7 6 6 7 67a p , 7 7 , q il , p 1 e a1‘ e é7 0 7 7 6 w ua e 7 6 AA67/w p p , 7 § q rr l 7 1 eseli tio n 7 0 77 71 7 6 7 ua litre M7 76 p p , 7 7 7 q rt ( ) , 7 ’ i

i esen t . 7 6 Bw o u ua te 7 e 7 6 7 o xo vo 7 o p (n p q r r , p ( p ) ’ ese a f w ua 7 W o xv a ia pr nt X p g q y , 5 p p e t 866 0 0 uee 7 6 7 01 777 6 6 pr t y, , 7 q q n , 5 6 eve 6 7 77 0 67 0 uee we ie ‘ o s pr nt , 7 0 q r , p py ’ ’ e 7 ues 7 e a ﬂ m pric , 7 q tion , 7 p n e e K er/7 6m - 63 u ‘ 'f o a 6 4 6 0 1 6 prick , pi rc , , q ickly , yp ry P , 7 77 7 e u e a u o s prid , q i t , ﬁ x

1 3 0 SHORT A AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR .

6 ro u ab ut 7 7 7 7 0) 6 35 s ar e 7 677 7 : nd o , 7 7 7 c c ly, 7 ro w a e Ad uw s a f 7 6 co , p ddl , p c r , B i ro w 7 a et o s e 7 7 0 3 70 67 6 3 p c nt, 3 7 7 o a 6 6 7A7 77 6$ s a s u e 6 7 6 97 7 3 76 r y l , 3 chol r, t d nt, 7 5 7 ' rub 7 iBw s 7 6 a ei o v 7 6 0 77 0 Aet6 p chool , o ( ) ubb s 7 777 0 7 671 70 s e e 6 87 70 7 7 7 7 r i h , ci nc , ) 5 7 ) ' ’ u K6 7 6 0 7 ec w s ss s 7 6 71 6 M67 r in , p p ci or , 1 u s 7 6 é eim a 7 6 a Aaor'rci s ew 7 566 r in , p , x cr , 3 6 u e fo r f 6 s u 6 77 6 77 7 9 r l r ( ) 667 c lptor, 7 4 7 ’ run 7 e w ea ‘ , p x s , h 66A6 0 0 6 ‘ Russian 6 Pé a a o s ( are yo u) seasick ? 0 67 7 7 671 7 7 73 9677 6 77 ‘

uss a a. Pwa a mds 0 6 R i n ( , ‘ ' ust w 76 7 777 6s sea e 7 ' 8 0 73A6 r ic, x p l , Sign t , 7 7 seas 7 65 6 on , 5 0 seat ese f 77 69 0 76 7 on l , 7 se o f me 7 6 6ew e 6Aen 7 o v 7 cond ( ti ) , p , 5 0 7 77 77 6 sa e 60 77 76 0 se e 7 6 7 0 0 7 777 6 crific , 0 cr t 7 sa 6 a é xxo s se e a 6 76 7 7 6 7 6 68 ck , cr t ry , 7 7 7 7 ’ ' ' sad Avr evo s see A emv Ae1rw , ny , B (7 ) ’ s a e 75 orea : a - sa e 7 6 I ave see h im fo r t wo a s ddl , ; (p ck ddl ) , h not n d y ’ 1 7 0 71 1670 ( 7 0 0 77 6777 7 6x00 660 p epa xs 7 6. safe 6 70 6 7 63’ see 6 0 17 670 3 7 6 0 7 67 7 6 , d, 7 , 77 sa 7 6 71’ d see 77 76 607 il , k , 7 7 sa 6 71 6 67 7 : seem 6 iz1 0 76 7 ilor, 1 , ¢ 7 f ’ sa 67 70 3 seet e o w int, 7 h , Bp g sa a 7 6 6 A67 6 se e 1 “ d l d , 3 iz , ' 1 sa t 7 6 E7k o. 7 t se m 0 7 67 76 l ldo , sa t 6A6 7 i w se r o vk aiw «3 wo uk éw - 73 l § ll , , ( , ) ' ' sa e 6A6 7 70 ‘ 7 6 71 0 3 e d 0 ' 7 7 M1 w lt d, 7 S n , same 1670 7 se se 6 71 0 63 , n , s am e 7 6 6osi se t 6 0 77 0 17 63 pl, n n ry, sa 7 se ara e w i w nd, 3 p t , x p g sa u e 7 6 se m 77 75 7 77 76 6766 'f p, j ic , r on , 7 7 7 , x ) ' sa e 6 6 6eAAa se e 7 6 ( 67 , p p , M rdin ’ r nt ’ sate 7 6 20 se va t 6 60 6Ao s 7 60 6m 6 67 e7 s , § r n , , ) , np n , xop ' ' sate 7 6 6 7 6 71 0 3 67re e7 7a d , xop 7 p p ' ' s at s e 6 6 6 70' 7 7 7 6 71 0 5' se v e 7 { m eo ia i fi d , x p 77 r ic , 5 np i atu a 7 6 2 67 6 7 0 set Bo k k w S rd y, 83 , ’ sau e 7 0' 07 A7 0 6 set fi re 671 6 7 0: c , 5 on , 6 ' sau e 7 6 7 76 7 6777 7 7 1rca7 eA A6 se ve e aus e e 6 60 7 7 763 c r, , 5 r , t r , 57 sava e 6 7 70 3 sew 6 67 70 g , 7 7 , 6 7 save 6 76 0 s a w 0 77 76 , 0 h do , save e m e 0 75 7 0 71 0 7 676 77 6 7 71 67 a e 77 0 17 71 670 , cono iz , 7 , 7 Sh k , , ’ ’ i v s ame 7 ex1 7 1 7 o in o uoy a h , ; po r ; av u 6 2 70 7 6 s s a e v e e i w S io r, fip h r , di id , p p f sa w 7 6 1 7 671 7 s a KO T G dS 677 0 71 7 6 671 0 ; , 0 h rp, ¢ p , 6 s a es W e st ume 77 6 7 76 a en 677 0 7 4 0 c l , ighingin r nt , 6 ( 7 7 Sh rp , 0

am 6 Ka 7 e 6 s 6 76 6 776 3 6: s ave o u ffw, u f w Sc p, py pn , 7 7 h , f p g p f s a e 6 7 671 70 3 s aw 7 6 c an c rc , h l , 1 3 1 VO CABULARY .

s ee 7 6 7 7 6 6 7 0 71 6 7 6 0 7 0 7 7 6 h p, 7 3 Skill , ) 7 7 s ee 7 6 0 771 6671 7 s e w man 6 7 6 71 i7 s h t, kill d ork , X n s e te 7 6 0 77 67 6 6 7 6 s 7 6 7 77 67 0 6 7 6 66 776 h l r, 7 kin 5 , 0 i ’ s e e d 6 7 0 0 1 7 671 7 3 6 Ao o s s ﬂa 1 67 h ph r , 1 , B x kin , y, 7 p ’ s e 66 77 s ul a um 7 6 77 6 71 7 0 71 hin , i k l , cr ni , p 2 s 7 6 1 0 7 0 70 71 7 6 77 6 7 3 8 7 sk 6 0 676 71 63 hip, , 7 7 y, 7 s 7 6 s ee 6 {5 7 71 0 3 hirt, l p s e 7 6 7 6 77 0 67 s ee f a as ee 77 0 7 7 0 7 7 6 7 ho , 0 l p, ll l p 7 7 s ema e 6 7ra 7ro v7 7 $ s eeve 7 6 76 71 07 7 ho k r, g 7 l , 7 7 76 63 7 6 7 0 77 7 677 7 s Shoot 7 78 6 lip, s 7 6 7 6 6 7 6 7 7 6 77 77 6A7 s e 7 77 6 71 7 0 67 A6 hop, 7 7 6, 7 lipp r, 3 p i s e 7 6 1ra 0 A 7 s w 6 6s hor , p lo , py s 77 0 71 7 63 wa uo ﬁ ‘ o s hort , Sly, py s u d e 6 sma 7 7 77 6: ho l r, ll , 7 0 i C s ut ( wvo w sma x 7 6 6A0 ' 76 ho , p g llpo , 7 y s ve 7 77 7 776 7 7 sma 7 0 71 670 ho l , 6 1 7 rt , ' ' w 1 71 s m 66 7 7 w 67ro 6e7 w e 7. 77 ) Sho , x , x ll , 7 7 i i s u V 0 6 Ava w 4 2 77 A6 76671 70 sme l 7 77 770 67 6 b ad sme h t ( . ¢ , , l 7 7 , ll , i s u a 77 77 6 777 7 63 67 0 o c h t ( . ¢ p ' sh f ee b e as amed 5 1 7 0 67 0 7 6 7 sm e a o ' ek cb y, l , h , 5 7 il , x y y s 7377 06 71 7 7 666m m : sm 6 0 7 67 o v ' 6s 6 6 7 7 0 5 ick, 5 , ith , 7p py , 7 0 b e sick v m 6 771 73 s m e 6 77 6 7 71 65 ( ) ( o it) , { 7 ok ' ' ' e m e 0 7 6 1r 1 7 w s 7 6 6 17 A6 77 a. 77 6 7 70 77 7 .7 0 s 7 7 id , 7 p , 6 p S ok 6 7 7 , f ’ o s s e 617 6 7 0 7 7 0 7 6 7 670 5 d7r s ee e 7 7 6 vi 0 a7 ( n thi ) id , 7 7 , n z , p p § p 6 6 7 sn w 76x1 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 6. 7 6 6 6 7 7 o , x ' s 6771 6 0 7 6 71 6 0 s ws 70 71 i 6 7 1 re7 7 6 7 7 671 7 igh , 0 (it) no , x § , p x s 7 6 8 27 677 7 7 0 s uff 6 7 6 7 8677 0 5 ight , 7 7 7 n , 7 7 5 s e e 0 0 7 6 ! 8 0 67 il nc , , 0 b e s e 0 707 7 63 so mu 7 60 0 ( ) il nt, ch , ; s 7 6 76 7 6 7 so t a 61 ro v 75 6 7 70 7 6 ilk 7 5 h t , , s e s 7 6 7 6 w7 6$ s a 7 6 0 6 7 0 671 7 ilk n , ilk 7 § o p, ’ Ao u 66s s e 7 é 7 a 7 7 6 Silly , p oci ty , ; p ve 7 6 6 6 5 s 77 6A7 0 6 Sil r 0 7 v ock, s ve a 6 7 671 70 67 7 77 7 0 65 s d a 7 0 7 60 6 . 0 7 3 7 0 il r ( 17 , 7 7 7 o , 3 s m e 67 A6s s f 7 6 A6 77 6s i pl , o t , 7 sin 6 7 6 77 16 s f o f s u a ad , 7 7 o tly ( o nd ) , x h n ' si e 67 m? s ed A e w evo s nc p oil , p p s e 617 6 7 67 6 s e 6 0 0 A65 77 o s’ 6 0 7 76 7 7 767 7 7 inc oldi r, , 7 7 ’ s e e 6 2A777 7 71 7 5 s e o f a s e 0 67 m inc r , p 5 ol ( ho ), ' s 7 6 ' o v66 w 4 3 so n 6 vf6s ing, p y , , s e 6 7 76 0 77 670 7 3 7 6 0 77 6i0 so n - in - la w 6 6 7 7 7 6: ing r, 7 7 6 , p 7 , 7 7 7 7 76 s 7 6 7 7 6 0 7 60 p ong, 7 7 ’ s v9i w s 7 6 7 6M' o ink , B § oon , 7 y sir Min m as e e tlema 6 77 6 7 o s s w 75 A67 7 , , t r, g n n , p orro , ; ; s s er 7 667 7 7 6 65 777 6 7 b e s 27 0 17 0 6 7 6 7 i t , 7 66, ( ) orry, 7

- 1 s s e in - law 0 71 6 777 6 66A7 7 f 67 6 ) S I am 7 0 6 i t r , 7 p) , ; 7 orry, , 7 s 77 77 7 7 7 671 “ orry , 77 sit 77 690 76 7 s u 7 71 , 7 o l , 6 7 776 s e s ua i 060 7 s u 75 0 0 7 7 6 it , it tion , ) o p, ) s e 7 6 6 60 5 s u 6 77 65 iz , 7 7 o r, £ 1 3 2 H T EASY GR K M A S OR AND MODERN EE GRAM AR .

s o uth 6 77 67 0 5 st 8 67 7 7 0 3 inking, 7 0 7 7 o uth erl s u e 11 67 1 0 3 s u f 0 77 6M7 y, o th rn tirr p, ; s o ve e u 7 i u A mm s c 77 671 7 77 r ign ( po nd ) , 7 A p ( yy ﬁ) to king, 0 1 s a e s ve 7 6 7 6 3 7 7 s ma 7 6 0 7 0 7 6 p d , ho l , 6 7 to ch , 7 90 ' ’ a ‘7 Ia' 1ra vfa s e 7 e7 a e us st e 7 S p in, 7 ton , p , pr cio on , ; ‘

a s Im ravucds 7 6 7 i7 0 a. S p ni h , p s ea é Aciw 4 3 st s a 0 7 0777 777 60 7 wt» 0 7 677 0 7 07 7 p k, w , op, t nd , 7 , , 7 , ‘ s e me 7 6 6ei a 7 eAet 6uw p ci n , yp i s e a es 7 6 a r‘ o va N a s m e a ve 0 7 60 0 77 p ct cl , p y top (i p r ti ) , ’ s ee 7 67u ma 6 M5 0 5 s e 7 6 0 7 0 67 70 7 07 p ch, 7 , , 7 topp r, cork , 7 s e 7 a a u s e - m e a 7 67 0 9677 7 pid r, 7 p x n tor roo , c ll r, 3 7 7 s r us u u s m 7 7 0 7 7 0 7 77 07 7 7 7< v 7 ia pirit, n tor , 5 4 7 , p 7 r fo r a m 7 6 0' 1ri 'ro m n/ £7 0 st o o f a use 7 6 7 67 07 7 07 S pi it l p, p a ry ( ho ), 7 ’ s e d Aa ﬂ r é s‘ é a f w o s th e u e s s 7 6 pl n id , y p , ﬁ p (on pp r) tory , s te a wé a a 7 67 w a plin r, a y s a M/ a w - w st ve 9 6 7 60 7 a poil , x , o , p7 p s e 7 6 a' bo ' ' ci t s a 10 707 Tara pong , g yy p tr ight on , , i f s 7 6 K o v7 o 7u 7 6 Ko w a Aa m st a e éuo s poon , , r ng r, g

s u t 7 6 in n / 7 7 s a 7 6 o i port, h n ing 3 7 tr p, thong, p s a 7 6 s aw aff 7 6 6 v 0 u pr in , tr ch , x p ( ) s ea s awbe 7 6 7 60 7771 0 pr d , tr rry, 4 0 ‘ s o f water 7 m s eam 7 6 pring ( ), 3 p tr , s seas 7 6271 0 7 7 s eet 6 6 7 6 7 0 5 7 6663 pring ( on) , 7 5 tr , 7 7 , ; s ua e mra 7 a k éw «27 s e t we 7 8677 6 7 7 q nd r, , tr ng h , po r , 7 7 s ua e 7 6 7 0 6 0 3 str e 77 7 777 607 - 65 q r , 7 w ik , , s uee e 0 > st g 7 6 0 7 07 67 0 6 0 17 6 0 3 q z , 4 o rin o ) 7 , 7 7 t s u 6AAo ¢0w f w s o f an st ume 7 q int, p § tring in r nt, chord , 7 ’ s u é AAo iGw o s 67 q inting, p xop 7 s tab e 6 0' 7 a 8Ao s s 6 769 6 763 677 77 077 63 l , trong , 7 7 , 7 7 , 5 sta 7 6 A0 ) ; st - b o x es 77 6mm g, 4 rong , ch t , sta e o f t eat e (m / 7 s u e t 6 7 6 07 7 7 3 g ( h r ) , m 7 t d n , 7 7 7 s a e mco w o vc adw - c27 s ud 0 7 0 7766 0 t gg r, p , t y , 0 sta ase 6 7“:a stuff ma e a t 7 0 6 777 irc , , t ri l , clo h , 7 x ’ ' ' s ta a7 e7co ua t 0 7 e7cw s umb e mea l/7 0 77 76 07 70 - w nd , , , t l , 4 , i sta s a 7 a a 7 a w «23 s u 77 0 0 7 65 nd till p , t pid , ' ' s a 6 60 ' 7 e a s 7 6 60 7 7 0 sub u bs 7 6 7 e z w a t r, p , 7 r , p x p ’ s a t ( ezi' w su ee e1 r77 v a t1/w t r , p y cc d , x ' s a v r e w a O' GVO S s u 7 0 7 0 7 7 0 9 7 67 0 70 5 t r ing, p ch , , s ate wk eia su e { a c p o s t , dd n , Ep s a n 6 6 7 076 7 65 suff e 67 0 7 67 70 t tio , 7 r, 4 7 s tea 0 7 a 96 63 sufﬁ e 0677 07 77 677 777 dy, p c , 0 ( 4 ) s atue é aA a u a 6 a 7 t , y y g r, { x p ' s tea KAe rrw su s 6 e7 a 7 l , q it (it) , px s eam 6 su u 7 6 7 76 7 7 t , lph r, 7 ’ z r u m am u 7 6 7 0 77 s eamb a 7 6 ar o 7 6 67 7. 61rk o o s t 0 6 t o t, B p , 7 , o n , i ‘ s e f awo c o o é a summe 7 6 xa o af t nch , ) p p , Bp m r, m s e a e 7 6 f a sun 6 7 7 70 3 t p, p c , B m , 5 ' st 7 6 wzra 0’ 7 0 8m su set th e sun is sett 6 s ick , 7 n , ing, i ‘ s 31 x6 “ Ba 0 77\e6e7 till , 7 ) ‘ s w dw 4 3 su se 7 677 077 0 76 7 0 8 7 Mo v tink, Bp y , nri , 7 7 7

3 ‘ H 1 1 A S ORT AND EASY M ODERN GREE K GRAMMAR .

- m w 6 6 7o 77 u e 6 7 7 6 7 7 7 6 3 6 05 5 0 s to orro , p ( ) ncl , 7 77 ,

d a af te - m w 6 6 66 67 70 77 use d u ea 677 666 7 o s ( y r) to orro , 7 7 ( ncl n , p ’ o f an e e ea f u u e me u ea ess 6 677 6 96 0 76 y ind ﬁnit n r t r ti ) ncl nn , 7 p L - m w m n 6 6 70 7 6 7 7071 u e 77 67 07 677 6 to orro orni g , 0 7 nd r, ( ) ue 77 A73 0 0 6 u e s a n aAa a tvw 77 6 7 6 A6 7 6vw tong , 7 7 nd r t nd , B , 7 78 ,

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