A SHORT A ND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR C a r l W ied l o t A SHORT AND EASY MODERN GREEK GRAMMAR. W ITH MMA TI A L D A T A EX E I GRA C A N CONVERS ION L RC SES, ID I MA TI PR VERBIAL PHRASES AND O C, O , B ULA Y F ULL VOCA R . FTER THE GERMAN OF CARL WIED MARY GARDNER WITH A PREFACE BY ERNEST GARD NER M A , . FELLOW O F G O VILLE A ND AIU O LLEGE AMBRI GE N C S C , C D , A ND R E BR F DI CTO R. O F THE ITISH SCHO O L O ARCHAEO LO GY A T ATHENS I onbon D A V ID NUTT 2 70 AND 2 7 1 STRAND 1 892 R I HAR LAY A ND O S IMITE C D C S N , L D , LO D B NDO N AN UNG AY . (Allrights reserved . ) ’ TRANSLATO R S PREFACE. MY very hearty t hanks are d ue to allwho have so kin dly helped V me m t t as F st m st t a Mr V ied an d t a e in y sligh k . ir I u h nk . , k the O pportunity t o ask his pardon for the amount of a lteration an d rearrangement of his text which I have found it impo ssib le t o a Mr L a h as a m an d t a s . e at e void . gr nd lso y gr itud h nk for — his a a e t a es F e - G ee a n d G ee - F en h inv lu bl dic ion ri r nch r k , r k r c ; their ample information an d clear a rrangement were a great help . Mr N e E ea I a m e te his ess i n To . o l of ubo ind b d for kindn putting an ex ten sive knowledge of th e vernacular id ioms to use e an d e t t se ted a n d to Mr am in looking ov r corr c ing ho ci , . Willi th i D r a t e Lo ring for similar help with e voca bulary wh le . W l r Leaf h as completed th e tale of my ind eb tedness by looking o v er O t s a e m e I e n o t e t b th e proofs . h er who h ve h lped n ed m n ion y name b ut it is n o t o ut of place t o a cknowl edge here my thanks t o m s a Mr E s G a e to a t he . e t e t y hu b nd , rn rdn r , whos cons n lp a e the es i x lon book ow ts e istence . I h 0 pe that th e book will b e useful to allwho vi sit Greece I s h o uld have been glad of something of the sort myself some ea s a o y r g . MARY GARDNER . THE Nov. 1 89 1 . A NS , PREFACE. IT is hop ed that this translation of a Grammar of th e Mod ern G ee R a a ua e a s it is s e th e Le a t r k or om ic l ng g , pok n in v n , will e E a The t th e a a e supply a ne d in ngl nd . condi ion of l ngu g ese t s me a e f t es e e to G ee s t e se es pr n innu r bl di ficul i v n r k h m lv , much more therefore t o foreigners who would l earn to spea k an d A n d th e a se e an fi x e an d e rea d Modern Greek . b nc of y d r cog n ised ta a a at a a a a e e s tax s nd rd of gr mm ic l ccur cy, of ccid nc , of yn , a u a t e h as led a to a e the asse t of voc b l ry, or of s yl , m ny m k r ion t t t e s t as a M e G ee a a e at all ha h re is no uch hing od rn r k l ngu g . St a e t o sa it is a th e G ee t e e e t at t r ng y, mong r ks h ms lv s h his h t t e et is a ssertion h a s found t e stronges suppor ers . Th ir m hod t o ignore th e Modern Greek or Romaic t ongue as dialectical an d h an d t o fi x e a t a ta a ast t me sa ybrid , on som rbi r ry s nd rd of p i s , y ‘ th e Greek of th e New Testament or even of X enophon th ey a t ee t at th e t e th e t e an d e a th e dmi ind d h fu ur , infini iv , p rh ps at e a e a e o ut use b ut e e t ese t e are a x s d iv , h v f ll n of v n h h y n iou t o e t e an d t t ese ex e t s t e ma e a r s or , , wi h h c p ion , h y would k pro f essed l M e G ee G amma e t a t o all te t an d y od rn r k r r id n ic l , in n s es t a a a the A e t G ee Ko w . A n d it purpos , wi h gr mm r of nci n r k fi mu st b e admitted that man y newspapers an d books are published in Greece which are intelligible t o an y schol ar who is familiar t A e t G e an d h as ea t s e f ew m an d e wi h nci n r ek, l rn om idio s p ri phrases which even th e strictest imitators of Classical Greek v R C iii P EFA E . s e a e in e a e Fo r th e t e t find indi p ns bl mod rn us g . s ud n who wi shes t o l earn this artificial language th e present Grammar is n o t te e But h e st n o t ma e t at h e hi in nd d . mu i gin h will find s e e use t o t a e G ee e an knowl dg of much him in r v lling in r c , or in y He ma b a to other part of th e Levant . y e ble converse with an educated A thenian who h a s learnt t hi s same artificial tongue an d is e a s t o b e a e t o s ea F e Ita a o r who sur l o bl p k r nch , li n , E But t ee e an d s e a ts etee at nglish . wi h shopk p rs rv n , mul rs, bo m en an d easa t s— all ee t m h e to s ea , p n ind d wi h who will wish p k in his travel s outside th e pale of European l anguages an d at h m e te a e to m at e e . civilis ion , will find hi s lf qui un bl co munic h G amma th e t e a e ea to t ea M e T is r r, on o h r h nd , nd vours ch od rn b th m The atte t is a Greek as it is spok en y e co mon people. mp f t o n e t e e is a s h as ee sa xe sta a di ficul ; h r , b n id , no fi d nd rd of e t ess an d th e a e t a a at a e to a e is corr c n , di l c ic l v ri ion from pl c pl c s e a e But a ea a t th e M ea n o t ea con id r bl . p s n of or would r lly have a diffi culty in m aking hims elf und erstood if h e found mse S a C u t h is s ee an d ro n u n hi lf in myrn or ypr s , hough p ch p ciatio n might seem peculiar an d if this book c an give some notion of th e common an d living basis which underlies th e whole t D t th e s e e G ee e it n o t b e e ess .