Ch.38 – The Origins of the Cold War EQ: How did the United States & the Soviet Union become Cold War adversaries?? 38.0 – Preview (answer in IAN 38.1 – Coach Schroeder reads introduction 38.2 – Read Textbook – create a chart. (Use example on Handout as well as the Powerpoint)  For each of the 3 subsections for section 2, draw a t-chart, record notes about the question.

Section 2: A Wartime Alliance Begins to Erode  What visions did each country have for Postwar Europe?

Soviet Union United States • Stalin’s decisions were driven by security concerns. • Truman wanted to allow Eastern European nations to • Stalin wanted a buffer zone of friendly communist determine their own form of government. states to protect the Soviet Union. • Truman believed that countries would choose democracy if • Stalin claimed Eastern Europe as a Soviet sphere of given free choice. influence.

Section 2: The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Count Up the Costs of War  What were the wartime experiences of each country?

Soviet Union United States • As many as 20 million Soviet citizens died in the war, • About 290,000 U.S. soldiers died. Civilian casualties were including 7 million soldiers. limited to those killed or wounded at Pearl Harbor. • Soviets starved when the Nazis invaded, stripping the • No fighting took place on U.S. soil, no cities were bombed, countryside and torching farms and villages. and no farms or factories were destroyed. • The Nazis leveled several Soviet cities, including Stalingrad • The U.S. economy boomed during the war. and Kiev.

Section 2: Differing Idealogies Shape the U.S. & the U.S.S.R.  What ideologies shaped each country

Soviet Union United States • The Soviets believed in communism, which viewed • The American system was based on a belief in democratic capitalism as an unjust system. government and capitalist economics. • Communism revolves around single-party rule of politics and • In capitalism, individuals and private businesses make most government control of the economy. economic decisions. • The state owns most businesses and decides what will be • Most property, factories, and equipment are privately produced. owned.

Section 3: Adjusting to a Postwar World CHALLENGE RESPONSE In 1946, Stalin declared that peace was impossible as long The United States proposed the Baruch Plan to the UN as capitalism existed. The United States feared that the Atomic Energy Commission. The plan suggested a ban on USSR planned to spread communism beyond Eastern future bomb making, but it allowed the United States to Europe to other parts of the world. The possibility of a  retain its small nuclear stockpile. The USSR strongly conflict between these two superpowers was frightening opposed the plan. The Soviets wondered why the United because of the invention of the atomic bomb. States should be allowed to keep its atomic bombs while denying the USSR the right to develop its own weapons.

Section 4: Confronting the Communist Threat CHALLENGE RESPONSE The Soviet Union was setting up Soviet controlled Truman outlined a policy of containment in the Truman governments in Poland and other Eastern European Doctrine in the hopes of stopping the spread of countries. Churchill warned that Stalin was cutting off this communism. The United States sent aid and military region from the rest of Europe, calling the barrier the Iron  equipment to help the Greek government defeat the Curtain. Because it seemed communism was spreading, the communist rebels. The Soviets viewed the United States United States became concerned about the civil war in and its allies as hostile powers committed to destroying Greece. Communist rebels tried to take over the Greek communism and threatening Soviet security. government.

Section 5: Rebuilding European Economies CHALLENGE RESPONSE On both sides of the Iron Curtain, Europe was in terrible The United States proposed the Marshall Plan for shape after the war. Governments and economies barely European recovery. Generous funding for rebuilding was functioned. U.S. leaders feared that conditions in Europe offered to all European nations as long as the money was would give rise to political and social unrest. Some  spent on U.S. goods. The Soviet Union saw the plan as an Europeans began to look to communist ideology for attempt to interfere in Soviet internal affairs. In 1949, the answers to their problems. USSR created the Molotov Plan to aid economic recovery in Eastern Europe.