Segetal Communities of Cereal Crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape Park

ACTA AGROBOTANICA Vol. 62 (1): 171–186 2009

SEGETAL COMMUNITIES OF CEREAL CROPS OF THE MAZOWIECKI LANDSCAPE PARK

Teresa Skrajna, Janina Skrzyczyńska, Maria Ługowska

The Agricultural Ecology Department of the University of Podlasie in Siedlce B. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland, e-mail: [email protected]

Received: 11.07.2008

Abstract Arable lands are differentiated as to their ag- The characteristics of communities developing in cereal ricultural value and farming intensity. Soils of rye crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape Park are presented in the pa- complexes: very poor, poor and good, as well as per. The traditional methods of cultivation, a mosaic of fields, a poor cereal-grazing complex prevail in the study meadows and forests as well as a specific microclimate affect the area. Small fragments of agriculturally favourable, occurrence of species-rich, syntaxonomically differentiated agro- more productive soils of very good rye and good phytocenoses. The occurrence of 4 associations and 2 communi- wheat complexes were rarely observed, especially ties in the area of the Park was noted. On the poorest soils, the in the south-eastern part of the Park, in the environs association Arnoserido-Scleranthetum was the most widespread of Regut village. Peatbogs and boggy soils occurring and internally differentiated, whereas in more fertile habitats between the localities Brzezinka and Całowanie in the association Vicietum tetraspermae was the commonest. The the west and Tabor and Podbiel in the east of the Park above mentioned associations were noted more frequently in win- ter crops than in spring cereals. Plots of the association Papaver- were also noted. Small and medium-sized farms with etum argemones and intermediate communities, between Arno- traditional methods of cultivation dominate in the serido-Scleranthetum and Papaveretum argemones, were seldom area of the Landscape Park. The occurrence of well observed in the studied area. Plots with domination of species di- developed, floristically differentiated communities in agnostic for the order Polygono-Chenopodietalia occurred rarely cereal agrocenoses is the result of extensive farming in spring cereals, mainly in the protection zone of the Landscape methods. Park. Single, impoverished plots of Aphano-Matricarietum were The aim of the work is phytosociological clas- recorded in the south-eastern part of the Park. sification of patches of vegetation occurring in cereal agrocenoses as well as the characteristics of internal Key words: segetal vegetation, cereal associations, intermedi- differentiation of syntaxa against a background of hab- ate communities, Mazowiecki Landscape Park itat conditions.

METHODS INTRODUCTION Field studies were carried out between 2003 The Mazowiecki Landscape Park was estab- and 2007 in agrocenoses of the Mazowiecki Land- lished in 1986. The Park is situated in the central-east- scape Park and its buffer zone. In total, in cereal crops ern part of Mazowsze Province. It covers an area of of the studied area 119 phytosociological relevés 15710 ha. were made according to the Braun-Blanquet method Arable lands occupy only a little part of the (Pawłowski, 1972). Soil type was determined on Mazowiecki Landscape Park (20% of its area). They the basis of soil-agricultural maps at a scale of 1:5000. are situated mainly in the environs of Polana Ponurzy- Collected documentation material was systematized cka (in the southern part of the Park), in the vicinity according to the Matuszkiewicz classification of Aleksandrów (in its northern part), as well as in its (2001). Species nomenclature followed M irek et al. agricultural buffer zone. The acreage of arable lands (2005). The distribution of the studied localities is pre- constantly decreases, which is the result of cultivation sented at Fig. 1. abandonment and intensive residential building development. 172 Teresa Skrajna, Janina Skrzyczyńska, Maria Ługowska

Fig. 1. Study area a – borders of the Landscape Park; b – borders of the protected zone; c – building land; d – forest complexes; e – localities, investigated areas.

1 – Anielinek, 2 – Antoninek, 3 – Aleksandrówka, 4 – Augustówka, 5 – Bąki, 6 – Bocian, 7 – Brzezinka, 8 – Całowanie, 9 – Celestynów, 10 – Chrosna, 11 – Chrząszczówka, 12 – Człekówka, 13 – Dąbrowa, 14 – Dąbrówka, 15 – Dyzin, 16 – Glina, 17 – Gózd, 18 – Grabianka, 19 – Jatne, 20 Janów, 21 – Jaźwiny, 22 – Karpiska, 23 – Kąciki, 24 – Kąty, 25 – Kominki, 26 – Kozłówka, 27 – Łukowiec, 28 – Ocznia, 29 – Osieck, 30 – Ostrowik, 31 – Podbiel, 32 – Pogorzel, 33 – Ponurzyca, 34 – Radzyń, 35 – Regut, 36 – Rosłańce, 37 – Rudnik, 38 – Stara Wieś, 39 – Stara Wieś II, 40 – Skorupy, 41 – Szatany, 42 – Tabor, 43 – Warszówka, 44 – Zabieżki, 45 – Zawada. Segetal communities of cereal crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape Park 173

RESULTS cus bufonius, Equisetum sylvaticum and others, were the frequent components of this variant. That was the Systematic of the distinguished cereal associations and most species-rich phytocenosis of the Arnoserido- communities Scleranthetum associations, made up of 64 species, Class: Stellarietea mediae Tx., Lohm. et Prst. 1950 on average 24 species in one plot. Species such as Order: Centauretalia cyani R. Tx. 1950 Apera spica-venti, Centaurea cyanus and Anthemis Alliance: Aperion spicae-venti R. Tx. et. J. Tx. 1960 arvensis occurred most frequently and with the larg- 1. Association: Arnoserido-Scleranthetum (Edouard est cover. 1925) R. Tx. 1937 a. typical variant Arnoserido-Scleranhetum (Eduard 1925)R.Tx 1937 b. variant with Polygonum hydropiper – Papaveretum argemones (Libb. 1932) Kruzem. Et c. variant with Anthoxanthum aristatum Vlieg. 1939 Intermediate community Arnoserido-Scleranthetum (Edouard 1925) R. Tx. 1937 – Small patches of phytocenoses of intermediate Papaveretum argemones (Libb. 1932) character, classified in the alliance Aperion spicae- Krusem. et Vlieg. 1939 venti, were noted rarely. They developed in habitats 2. Association: Papaveretum argemones (Libb. 1932) characteristic for typical patches of Arnoserido-Scle- Krusem. et Vlieg. 1939 ranthetum and acidophilous patches of Papaveretum 3. Association: Vicietum tetraspermae (Krusem. et argemones (Tab. 2). These phytocenoses were distin- Vlieg. 1939) Kornaś 1950 guishable by a large share of species characteristic for a. typical variant both the association Arnoserido-Scleranthetum (Arno- b. variant with Juncus bufonius seris minima, Teesdalea nudicaulis) and Papaveretum c. variant with Anthoxanthum aristatum argemones (Arabidopsis thaliana, Veronica triphyllos d. variant with Rhinanthus serotinus and Papaver argemone). – subvariant with Myosurus minimus 4. Association: Aphano-Matricarietum R. Tx. 1937 Papaveretum argemones (Libb. 1932) Krusem. et Community with species characteristic for Polygo- Vlieg. 1939 no – Chenopodion Patches of the the Papaveretum argemones association were noted mainly at Polana Ponurzycka and Characteristics of the distinguished associations rarely in the buffer zone of the Park, in the vicinity and communities of Osieck and Stara Wieś (Tab. 3). The phytocenoses of Papaveretum argemones were found in rye crops, Arnoserido-Scleranthetum (Edouard 1925) R. Tx. in well insolated areas, at local elevations. They de- 1937 veloped mainly on brown lixiviated soils composed of Patches of Arnoserido-Scleranthetum were ob- gravels and light loamy sands classified as poor and served commonly in agrocenoses of the Landscape good rye complexes. The phytocenoses were distin- Park. They developed on the poorest soils, formed from non-cohesive and poor-clayey sands classified guishable by large phenological variability, e.g. the as very poor and poor rye complexes and poor ce- numerous occurrence of characteristic species: Ara- real-grazing complex, noted in thinned out rye crops bidopsis thaliana and Veronica hederifolia in spring, on mid-forest dunes. These phytocenoses were de- and Papaver argemone – in summer. scribed based on 30 phytosociological relevés (Tab. 1). The differentiation of habitats, in which the asso- Vicietum tetraspermae (Krusem. et Vlieg. 1939) ciation was noted, affects the division of Arnoserido- Kornaś 1950 Scleranthetum into 3 variants: with Anthoxanthum In cereal crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape aristatum, typical and with Polygonum hydropiper. Park and its buffer zone, phytocenoses of Vicietum tet- Arnoserido-Scleranthetum was noted on the borders raspermae were noted frequently. From among the di- of the Park and within its protection zone. The floris- agnostic species of the association, Vicia tetrasperma tically-poorest phytocenoses were dominated by An- was noted most frequently, less frequently – Polygonum thoxanthum aristatum (mean cover in the plot was lapathifolium subsp. pallidum, sporadically – Bro- about 40%). In the typical variant, species character- mus secalinus. A large affiliation of distinguishing istic for the association Arnoseris minima and Tees- species – Vicia villosa to the Vicietum tetraspermae dalea nudicaulis reached the largest cover. Patches of association was also observed. A various combination of the variant with Polygonum hydropiper developed on accompanying species is the reason for the internal di- silt-peat and boggy soils situated in local depressions. vision of the association (Tabs 4, 5). Higrophilous species, such as Bidens tripartita, Jun-

174 Teresa Skrajna, Janina Skrzyczyńska, Maria Ługowska

Mean number of species in the releve the in species of number Mean

7 Bw 7

7 Bw pl Bw 7

5Bwpgl:ps

6 Bw pgl:gl Bw 6

6 M pgl.pl M 6

7 Bw pl Bw 7 7 Bw pl Bw 7

with Anthoxanthum aristatum

6 M pgl.pl M 6

7 Bw pl Bw 7

Mean number of species in the releve the in species of number Mean

9 Bw pgl:gl Bw 9

9 Bw pgl Bw 9

9 M pgl:gl M 9

9 Bw pgl:gl Bw 9 9 Bw pgl:gl Bw 9

++ +II30 9 Bw pgl Bw 9

++II20

6 Bw pgl.pl Bw 6 with Polygonum hydropiper pgl:gl M 9 (Edouard 1937. R. Tx. 1925)

Table 1 6 M pgl.pl M 6

1 + + + + + III 100 +3+++III415 6 M pgl.pl M 6

1+++111+11V340 1+ +111+11V330 +111+111 1V370 ++++ + + II40 + + + III 50

Mean number of species in the releve the in species of number Mean

6 Bw ps Bw 6 7 Bw 7

Arnoserido-Scleranthetum 6 Bw ps Bw 6

+ ++II40 I10++

6 Bw ps Bw 6

7 Bw pl Bw 7 6 Bw ps Bw 6

1 + + + + III 90 + 1 + + + 1 + IV 150 r + + + + 1 III 90 7 Bw 7

++ +II01+ +120++ ++ 1++1V210 ++++ +++IV70 ++III60+1+++

6 Bw ps Bw 6 7 Bw pl Bw 7

1+2+1++2+V500+1 I60 21++ II245 + 1 ++ +++1+IV150+ + 1++++ II40 +III100 7 Bw pl Bw 7 2211112122V112521+1+11++1V465+1+++11+++V220 1 1 1 2 + 1 1 + 1 V 495 + + 2 1 + 1 III 305 + 1 + + + + III 100 +1 + ++ + + ++ III1001 +III904323333233V3595 60 60 60 50 70 50 70 75 50 70 70 70 65 65 60 60 60 65 60 60 50 60 50 60 60 60 50 65 50 50 . Arnoseridenion minimae Arnoseridenion . Arnoserido -Scleranthetum Arnoserido Aperion spicae-venti var. with var. wilg Anthoxanthum aristatum annuus Scleranthus morisonii Spergula D. III. Polygonum hydropiper Date: month 7776676677Variant no. inReleve the table 6776676676Releve no. in nature Date: 7676676676 yearLocality 1Cultivated plant 2 118 84Percent ground cover the by 3cultivated plant 86 4 73 87 5 46 6 62 .03 Sc .03 7 35 .03 Sc 72 28222219281618121918 8 typical .04 63 ScNumber of species in the releve .04 9 Sc .03 10 Sc .04 D. Ch. I. 12 .03 Sc .03 12 Sc .06 75 Sc 20Arnoseris minima 88 Sc 11Teesdalea 11 Sc nudicaulis 3 15 12 Ch.D II. 19 23 13 .05 13 3 14 .05 17Veronica .05 dillenii 47 15 12 .05 Sc 48 16 13 .03 Sc 17 4 .07 1922 Sc 18 14 .03 37 Sc .03 19 49 Sc .07 3 20 27 .07 Sc 17 7 Sc 19 121616 Sc 25 45 Sc 26 21 .05 27 Sc 31 22 .05 50 3 .05 32 23 85 .04 1216 19 24 74 .03 24 25 38 .07 Sc 33 26 .03 51 Sc .03 27 24 Sc 24 .07 28 5 Sc .07 29 13 8 Sc 76 30 8 Sc 15 1522191216 Sc 20 Sc 12 Sc 19 Sc 16 15 17 7 15 3 11 19 15 Percent ground cover by weeds weeds by ground cover Percent 30Soil unit 20 25 45 30 20 10 15 45 10 35 30 10 70 30 30 30 bufonius Juncus 10 tripartitaBidens 30 30 sylvaticum Equisetum repens Ranunculus stolonifera Agrostis Myosurus minimus 70 65 75 sylvestris Rorippa 20Polygonum hydropiper 35 40 Ch. IV. 55 cyani Centauretalia 70 cyanus Centaurea 40 45 Spergularia rubra Segetal communities of cereal crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape Park 175 Phleum 1(+), 5(+), 11(+); 4(+), 9(+), 30(+); 30(+); 9(+), 4(+), Hypochoeris glabra glabra Hypochoeris 15(+), 16(+); 16(+); 15(+), Filago minima 7(+), 10(+); 7(+), Daucus carota carota Daucus Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis Allium vinealeAllium 4(+), 9(+), 30(+); 30(+); 9(+), 4(+), 15(1), 16(1); 3(+), 23(+); 23(+); 3(+), 11(+), 23(1), 25(+); 25(+); 23(1), 11(+), Nordus strictaNordus Agrostis gigantea gigantea Agrostis Galium aparine Galium 26(+); 26(+); Lithospermum arvense Lithospermum 22(+), 23(+); 15(+), 19(+), 22(+), 23(+); Knautia arvensis Knautia 3(+); 3(+); Carex hirta Carex 4(+), 9(+), 12(+), 30(+); ++ + +II30 +++ I20 ++ +II30 +II30 ++ ++ I20 I20 ++++++ +II30++ +II30 +II30 +II30 + I10 Hypericum perforatum Sedum maximum ge index. 3(+); 3(+); ++I0++I20 ++++II40 11(+), 25(+); Agrostemma githago 4(+), 9(+), 15(+), 19(+), 30(+); 30(+); 19(+), 15(+), 9(+), 4(+), – IV + +++ ++III60 ++ I20 14(+); Viola tricolorViola Erodium cicutarium Erodium Cardaminopsis arenosa Cardaminopsis arenosa 26(+); 26(+); 3(+); VI – 3(+); 3(1), 26(+); 3(1), Symphytum officinaleSymphytum tetrahit

Veronica verna ++ I 10+ + + ++++++IV80 I 10 ++ + II40 + + + III 30 + + I 20 Myosotis arvensisMyosotis Galeopsis 15(+), 19(+); 26(+); 26(+); +I10+1+II70+++II30 + +I0 ++I5 ++I20 + ++++III50 +IV20 ++++II40 ++ +II30+ 8(+), 14(+), 28(+); + + I 20 + + + II 30 1 2 + + II 245 11(+), 22(+), 25(+); Ranunculus sardous Taraxacum officinale +I3+ I20 +I10 I10 +++II30++ + I+ 10 ++++II30+ + ++ + + + + + II 40 + + I20 III + 50 + + +++ ++III50 + + + + + II 40 III 50 + + + II 30 21(r); +++ ++ + + II40 + II 40 ++ +II30++ ++ + + + + + II30 II30++ II 30 + I20 + ++ + + + III 50 I20 15(+), 19(+); 19(+); 15(+), ++1 ++++ ++++ ++ + +IV120+1+++ IV110r ++ III50 + 1+++ II 80++ + + + + II40 +++ + + + ++++++IV70 + + +II40 + + +++ III50 + ++III60 III 60 + + + + + + III 60 +++ 1 ++rI10++I201++II70 ++ +r + ++ + + + II40 II20+ +21++1IV325 ++++ II ++ 80 + 1 +III50 II40 ++ + + 1 II40 1 1 + 1 1 V 330 + + + + + + III 60 Geranium pusillum pusillum Geranium Convolvulus arvensis Cirsium arvenseCirsium 8(+); 8(+); Stachys palustris – 11(+), 21(r), 25(+); 25(+); 21(r), 11(+), 3(+), 8(+), 14(+); V – 14(+); 8(+), 3(+), III 15(+), 16(+); Comments: numbers 16(+); after15(+), species inform about the releve in the table. S – phytosociological constancy, D – covera Stellarietea mediae Stellarietea Tanacetum vulgare Stellaria graminea graminea Stellaria 8(+); 8(+); V. Ch. arvensisViola Fallopia convolvulus arvensis Spergula Chenopodium album Stellaria media Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. pallidum Polygonum aviculare raphanistrum Raphanus bursa-pastoris Capsella canadensisConyza VI. Accompanying species Rumex acetosella Achillea millefolium repens Elymus ladanum Galeopsis verna Erophila Veronica arvensis arvense Equisetum strictaMyosotis holosteoidesCerastium Trifolium repens Poa annua Holcus lanatus pratensis Lathyrus Festuca rubra Aveas strigosa pratense cd. Table 1 Apera spica-venti Sporadic species: Anthemis arvensis angustifoliaVicia Rhinanthus serotinus Vicia villosa Vicia hirsuta Veronica triphyllos Veronica 176 Teresa Skrajna, Janina Skrzyczyńska, Maria Ługowska

Table 2 Community Arnoserido-Scleranthetum (Edouard 1925) R. Tx 1937 – Papaveretum argemones (Libb. 1932) Kruzem. Et Vlieg. 1939.

Releve no. in the table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Releve no. in nature 57 58 25 52 111 26 112 43 99 44 Date: month 7 6 7 6 6 7 6 6 7 6 year .03 .04 .03 .04 .04 .03 .04 .03 .05 .06 Locality 22 22 11 21 44 11 44 18 33 18 Cultivated plant Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Percent ground cover by the cultivated plant 50 70 60 70 60 70 55 90 60 90 Percent ground cover by weeds 60 15 35 50 25 30 25 10 25 10

Soil unit 6 Bw ps 6 Bw 5Bwpgl:ps 5Bwpgl:pl 5Bwpglp:ps 5Bwpgl:ps ps 6 Bw 5Bwpgm. Pl ps:pl 6 Bw ps 6 Bw ps:pl 6 Bw Mean number of species in the releve

Number of species in the releve 20 16 16 17 16 23 15 21 22 20 19

I. Ch. D. Arnoserido-Scleranthetum Arnoseris minima 3 + 1 2 + 111+1V 830 Teesdalea nudicaulis 11 2 1 2 2 1 IV725 II. Ch.D. Arnoseridenion minimae Veronica dillenii 1 + + + +++IV110 Anthoxanthum aristatum ++++II40 Scleranthus annuus +++II30 Spergula morisonii 1+ + + II80 III. Ch. D.Papaveretum argemones Arabidopsis thaliana ++ + + + +111+V220 Veronica triphyllos +1 1 1 + +11++V300 Papaver argemone 1+++1++IV160 IV. Ch. Aperion spicae-venti Centauretalia cyani Centaurea cyanus + + + + + + III 60 Apera spica-venti ++1II70 Anthemis arvensis ++++II40 Vicia angustifolia +++II30 V. Ch. Stellarietea mediae Fallopia convolvulus + + + + + III 50 Myosotis arvensis + + + + + III 50 Viola arvensis +++1II80 Spergula arvensis ++++II40 Polygonum aviculare ++++II40 Raphanus raphanistrum +++II30 Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. pallidum +++II30 VI. Accompanying species Rumex acetosella +++++++IV70 Myosotis stricta + 1 + + + + III 100 Veronica arvensis + + + + 1 + III 100 Erophila verna + + + 1 + III 90 Taraxacum officinale + + + + + III 50 Cirsium arvense ++ + II30 Trifolium repens ++ +II30 Equisetum arvense ++++II30 Galeopsis tetrahit +1+II70

Sporadic species: III – Papaver dubium 8(+), 10(+); IV – Anchusa arvensis 6(r); Rhinanthus serotinus 2(+); Vicia villosa 7(+); V – Conyza canadensis 8(+), 10(+); Stellaria media 4(+), 9(+); Chenopodium album 4(+), 9(+); Capsella bursa-pastoris 8(+), 10(+); Geranium pusillum 5(+); VI – Erodium cicutarium 1(+), 6(+); Achillea millefolium 1(+), 4(+); Cerastium holosteoides 3(+), 5(+); Myosurus minimus 3(+), 7(+); Equisetum sylvaticum (+); Luzula arvensis 9(+); Galium aparine 9(+); Cardaminopsis arenosa 9(+); Cerinthe minor 2(+); Ranunculus sardous 3(+); Agrostis stolonifera 4(+); Sedum maximum 9(+); Knautia arvensis 8(+), 10(+); Veronica verna 8(+), 10(+); Convolvulus arvensis 6(+); Allium vineale 6(+); Elymus repens 1(+); Comments: numbers after species inform about the releve in the table. S – phytosociological constancy, D – coverage index. Segetal communities of cereal crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape Park 177

Table 3 Papaveretum argemones (Libb. 1932) Krusem. Et Vlieg. 1939.

Releve no. in the table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Releve no. in nature 104 97 98 82 33 13 110 103 83 34 Date: month 7 7 7 6 6 7 6677 year .05 .05 .03 .04 .04 .03 .04 .03 .03 .06 Locality 39 33 33 29 41 25 42 39 29 16 Cultivated plant Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Miesz.j Sc Sc Sc Sc Percent ground cover by the cultivated 80 60 75 60 60 75 60 80 60 60 plant Percent ground cover by weeds 35 45 45 10 50 5 15 35 10 50 :ps Soil unit :ps ż ż p.pl p.pl ż ż 5Bw pgl:gl 5Bw pgl:pl 5Bw 6 6 6 M pgl: gl 6Bw 6Bw ps:pl 6Bw 5Bwpglp:pl 6Apgl:pl 6Bw Mean number of species in the releve Number of species in the releve 16 20 25 27 23 22 17 17 30 24 22 SD I. Ch. Papaveretum argemones Papaver argemone 2 2 1 1 1 1 1221V1000 Arabidopsis thaliana 1 + 1 + + 111IV280 Veronica triphyllos +1 + +1 +1IV190 II. Ch. Aperion spicae-venti Centauretalia cyanii: Apera spica-venti + 1 + + + + ++++V140 Anthemis arvensis + + + + + +++1IV130 Centaurea cyanus +1+ 1.1 ++ 1IV190 Lithospermum arvense + 1 3 + 2 III 620 Vicia hirsuta + + + + + III 50 Vicia tetrasperma + + + III 30 Veronica dillenii ++ +II30 Vicia villosa ++ +II30 Vicia angustifolia ++ + II30 Rumex acetosella ++ + II30 III. Ch. Stellarietea mediae Myosotis arvensis + + + + + + ++++V100 Viola arvensis +1+ + + + +IV110 Geranium pusillum + + + + + + III 60 Capsella bursa-pastoris ++ ++II40 Fallopia convolvulus ++++II40 Spergula arvensis ++ + + II40 Conyza canadensis ++ + +II40 Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora ++ +II30 Chenopodium album ++ + II30 IV. Accompanying species Arenaria serpyllifolia 1 + 1 + + +121V415 Myosotis stricta +++1+ +++11V220 Erophila verna + 1 + + +1++IV160 Veronica arvensis + 1 + + +++IV110 Equisetum arvense + + + + + + III 60 Galium aparine + + + + + III 50 Trifolium repens ++ +II30 Melandrium album ++ +II30 Erodium cicutarium ++ +II30 Allium vineale ++ +II30 Rhinanthus serotinus ++ +II30 Sporadic species: II – Agrostemma githago 3(+), 6(+); Scleranthus annuus 2(+), 3(+); Arnoseris minima 6(+); III – Sonchus arvensis 4(+), 9(+); Sinapis arvensis 4(+), 9(+); Melandrium noctiflorum 4(+), 9(+); Sinapis arvensis 4(+), 9(+); Papaver rhoeas 4(+), 9(+); Lamium amplexicaule 6(+), 7(+); Stellaria media 6(+); Rumex crispus 7(+); IV – Achillea millefolium 5(+), 10(+); Sedum acre 5(+), 10(+); Artemisia arvensis 4(+), 9(+); Daucus carota 4(+), 9(+); Vicia cracca 4(+), 9(+); Knautia arvensis 1(+), 8(+); Hypericum perforatum 1(+), 8(+); Pimpinella saxifraga 1(+), 8(+); Tanacetum vulgare 6(+); Potentilla argentea 7(+); Taraxacum officinale 6(+); Senecio vernalis 3(+); Hieracium pilosella 3(+); Trifolium dubium 2(+); Trifolium medium 2(+); Comments: numbers after species inform about the releve in the table. S – phytosociological constancy, D – coverage index. Sc-Secale cereale

178 Teresa Skrajna, Janina Skrzyczyńska, Maria Ługowska

Mean number of species in the releve the in species of number Mean

z:pl ł 4Bwp

z:pl ł 8Dzp 4Bwpgl.gs

1+ I 60

i:ps ł 8Fp

2Bwgl.gs

2Bwpgm

2Bwgl

ps2Dzpgmp.gs

z. ł 5Fp + +++++++IV80 ++ +II30

i.ps ł 8Dzp 1 111+++1IV280 ++ I20 ++++II40 ++ +II30

with Myosurus minimus 4Bwpgl.gs

1 + + + 1 + III 140 + 1+++++IV110 +++ + ++++ + + + II30 II40 + III 50 Mean number of species in the releve the in species of number Mean

with Rhinanthuswith serotinus

6 A pgl.ps A 6 5 A pgl:gl A 5

1950 typicum. 1950

z.psp ł 9Fp

z.psp ł 9Fp 9 M ps.pl M 9

cTcScScSc ScScScScScScScScScSc

Ś 6 A pgl.ps A 6

typical 6 M ps.gl M 6

Table 4

5 A pgl:gl A 5 6 M ps.pl M 6

(Krusem. Korna et Vlieg. 1939) 4 A pgl.gs A 4

22232251 2 1311213V1525 3222222322V215012

Mean number of species in the releve the in species of number Mean

6Bwpgl:pl

Vicietum tetraspermae 6Apgl:ps

Apgl:ps

6Bwps:pl 6Bwps:pl

rI0 + I 10 + + + 1 + 1 III 140

5Bwpgl:ps

6Apgl:pl

:pl ł p 6M

+I10 6Mps:pl

++++ +1III100 6Mps:pl 111++5511+1155++ 1211111V670 11+1211+1+V50521111+1111V5852+ 1331210+++2123232122V1900+ II30 + I 10 + + + 1 II 80 + 1 2 2 + + + IV 440 + 1 1 + 1 III 170 19 15 15 19 16 23 14 18 24 20 18 18 17 12 13 17 17 19 21 19 23 18 29 25 35 34 27 34 34 24 24 28 29 70 70 70 70 60 70 70 80 75 55 70 70 70 70 80 80 80 85 75 70 70 60 60 60 60 70 60 55 90 60 var. with Rhinanthus Rhinanthus with var. var. with Myosurus Myosurus with var. var. with Anthoxan- with var. Vicietum tetraspermae Vicietum minimus thum aristatum Releve no. inReleve the table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 eeen.i aue 525104011073 43225917 1999966720689415621 64732212158991678 532854100141081011027739 nature in no. 6766666676 month 6676676667Releve 55Date: 6 6676665 yearLocalityCultivated plant .04 Sc .04 Sc .03 222222 Sc .04 .04 Sc .03 Sc 39 .04 Sc 11 .05 Sc .05 4038 Sc .06 Tc 38 Sc 29 18 .03 .03 .03 Sc .04 Sc .04 12 .05 Sc 4 .04 Sc .03 15 Sc .05 3 .06 7 10 32 33 .05 4 .05 29 .05 .04 .04 .03 .04 .05 10 .03 35 .06 31 24 10 2423 18 22 10 Percent ground cover the by cultivated plant Percent ground cover by weeds weeds by cover ground Percent 35 40 45Soil unit 50 45 50 15 40 20 65 35 90 30 30 40 45 60 25 55 45 35 20 60 70 50 55 65 40 60 Rorippa sylvestris I. Ch. I. tetraspermaVicia D. III. serotinus Rhinanthus serotinus D. IV. Myosurus minimus Mentha arvensis bufonius Juncus serpyllifolia Veronica tripartita Bidens Plantago intermedia Ranunculus repens Phragmites australis sylvaticum Equisetum Variant aristatum Anthoxanthum with Number of species in the releve Polygonum lapathifolium pallidum subsp. II. D. II. aristatum Anthoxanthum annuus Scleranthus Vicia villosa Trifolium repens Segetal communities of cereal crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape Park 179

Poa 22(+), 22(+), 11(+); 22(+), 22(+), Sonchus Sonchus Geranium Geranium mollis –

Festuca ovina 17(r); VI Bromus 19(+); Veronica triphyllos triphyllos Veronica 16(+),23(+); Erodium cicutariumErodium 20(+); 20(+); 1(+), 20(1),21(+), 29(+); 29(+); 20(1),21(+), 1(+), Rumex crispus 3(+); 3(+); Teesdalea nudicaulis Papaver dubium Artemisia vulgaris +++II30 +++ +II40 6(+), 8(1), 20(1), 27(+); 27(+); 20(1), 8(1), 6(+), 9(+); 9(+); 16(+), 19(+), 23(+); 19(+), 16(+), Trifolium dubium Erysimum cheiranthoides 25(+),30(+); 25(+),30(+); 24(+); 24(+); ++1II70 +++II30 3(+), 4(+); Cerastium arvense Veronica hederifolia (+), 18(+),12(+), 20(+); 20(+); 18(+),12(+), (+), – V 8(r); 8(r); Melandrium noctiflorum Spergula morysonii morysonii Spergula Galeopsis tetrahit tetrahit Galeopsis Trifolium repens 21(+); 21(+); Daucus carota Daucus 17(+); 9(+), 12(+); 12(+); 9(+), anserina

11(+), 27(+); 24(+); 24(+); Anthriscus sylvestris Anthriscus 12(1), 22(+), 23(+); 23(+); 22(+), 12(1), aviculare major I1++1++II20 + II70 ++II10+ +II10+ I20 ++ II30

8(+); 8(+); Potentilla +2++++I20+ +II30 Galeopsis pubescens pubescens Galeopsis 21(+); 21(+); Plantago Polygonum + 2I9 +++ 2II195 + 1+ II80 18(+); Arnoseris minima 19(1); Secale cereale, Tc – Triticale. – Tc cereale, Secale Lapsana communis 1++ +II80 + + +II30 17(+), 20(+); 7(+), 9(+), 21(+), 27(+); Stachys palustris 4(+); 4(+); 8(+), 16(+); 16(+); 8(+), +2 1 + II235 + I 20 Epilobium roseum roseum Epilobium Veronica polita +++II30+1+II70 Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. lapathifolium 20(+), 20(+), Stellaria graminea Stellaria – 6(+), 10(+),28(+); 18(+),21(+); Spergula arvensis Spergula VII Taraxacum officinale Alopecurus geniculatus 24(+); 24(+); 28(+); 28(+); 16(+), 21(+); Thlaspi arvense arvense Thlaspi Rorippa austriaca Pastinaca sativa 10(+),28(+); 1 I 50 + + I 20 1 + 1 + 2 1 III 345 6(+); 6(+); 9(+), 10(+); 10(+); 9(+), Phleum pratense Lathyrus tuberosus tuberosus Lathyrus Lotus corniculatus Lotus 11(+),27(+); 27(+); 27(+); 23(+); 23(+); Berterea incana Berterea 5(+); 5(+); 4(+), 8(+), 11(+), 15(+), 24(+), 29(+); 29(+); 24(+), 15(+), 11(+), 8(+), 4(+), Conyza canadensisConyza Kicxia elatine Kicxia Gnaphalium uliginosum Gnaphalium 8(+),19(+); +I3++I0 + I20 +II20+ +++II30+ – 9(+); 9(+); IV 27(+); 27(+); Anagallis arvensis + ++ I20 + + + +2II195++ + 1 +++ II + 80 +II30+ + + + + II30 III 50 +++++++IV70 1 + ++++ + ++IV70 + + II + 80 2 + II 205 1 + + 2 1 + + III 140 + II 195 + + I 20 + I 10 + + 1 + + + III 100 Trifolium pratense Lysimachia nummularia Lysimachia Rumex acetosella 21(+), 22(+); 7(+), 9(+); 9(+); 7(+), ++II9+++I41+ +II70 II401 +++ 2+1+1III295+ +++II30++++II40++I20 +++ + II30 I 10 + I 10 + + + II 30 19(+),23(+); Potentilla argentea Potentilla 11(+),29(+); + +2 +V9 212+I751+ + 1211221+2++ ++1 IV735+1 1+12 IV150 +IV490 + + +++++1++++++1++V180+ ++11 +V130 III140+1 1+++++ 1 1IV150 + ++ + II80+ +++ 1++IV120 + ++ + +II30 + + + + ++II30++ +++ + II IV70 40 + + 1.1 + + 1 III 140 + + + 1 + + + + + V 130 1 +++2351+2+I35++ ++1+2++V305 +1 +1+++12V375+1 ++21++IV325++ ++++1+ +++ + +1IV160 + + 1 ++ + II301+ ++++III50+11++++IV150+++++++++V90 ++1+ + IV150 III 100 1 + +++ II40 + +++ ++++ + III + 90 ++++III60+++ + 1 + + + + + + + II40 + I20+++++++IV70+ + +++++ + III +IV70 + III 50 60 + + + + + II 80 + II I 40 10 + + + + + + II II 30 30 ++++II40 Raphanus raphanistrum Leontodon autumnalis autumnalis Leontodon 3(+), 9(+); 1(+), 11(+), 12(+), 22(+); Sonchus asper 2(+); 2(+); Bromus secalinus Holcus lanatus – I Erodium cicutarium 26(+); 26(+); 19(1),23(+); 8(+); 18(+), 27(+); Aperion spicae-venti Stellarietea mediae Stellarietea Avena strigosa Plantago lanceolata Plantago Veronica dillenii 6(+), 7(+); 20(+); 20(+); 27(+); 27(+); oleraceus 26(+); annua cd. Table 4 Sporadic species: pusillum Agrostis albaAgrostis Comments: numbers after species inform about the releve in the table. S – phytosociological constancy, D – coverage index. Sc – Myosotis strictaMyosotis Stellaria media Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis Agrostemma githago arvense Lithospermum Ch. VI. arvensisViola arvensisMyosotis bursa-pastoris Capsella Chenopodium album purpureum Lamium amplexicaule Lamium Veronica persica Veronica agrestis arvensis Sonchus canadensisConyza Thlaspi arvense Veronica polita Veronica opaca species Accompanying VII. Veronica arvensis aparine Galium V. Ch. D. cyanii Centauretalia cyanus Centaurea Apera spica-venti Anthemis arvensis angustifoliaVicia Vicia hirsuta Fallopia convolvulus subsp. maritima Matricaria inodora Equisetum arvense holosteoidesCerastium Achillea millefolium Cirsium arvense Convolvulus arvensis Phleum pratense Arenaria serpyllifolia verna Erophila Melandrium album Galeopsis ladanum Galeopsis

180 Teresa Skrajna, Janina Skrzyczyńska, Maria Ługowska

Mean number of species in the releve the in species of number Mean

9Mpglp

z.pl ł p 9Dz

8 Dz pgmp. Dz 8

2 Bw gl Bw 2

8 Dz pgmp. Dz 8

pgl.pl 9M 9M 9 Bw pgl;pl Bw 9

with Juncus bufonius Juncus with 2 Bw gl Bw 2

+++II27

9Mpglp

z.ps ł 4Dp 1+ + 11 + + 2 IV332 + 1 + + + 2 III 241

1950. z:ps ł

ś 2Dp

++ 1 + 1 + +++ 1 + 1++ 1 + 2 V432 ++ + 1 + + ++ ++1+1II109 + 1 + + 1 + + IV145 + + IV73 + + IV100 + + III 45

Mean number of species in the releve the in species of number Mean

4Bw pgm:ps 4Bw 4Bw pgm:ps 4Bw

Table 5

z:gl ł p Bw 4

5 Bw pgl.gl Bw 5

4Dz pglp.gl 4Dz

z.ps ł 4Fp

Vicietum tetraspermae (Krusem. et Vlieg. Korna 1939)

z.ps ł 4Fp

typowy typowy + + + 1.1 + III 90 + 1 + II 64

4Bw pgmp: 4Bw + + + + 1 +11++IV190+ + + III54 5Bw pgl.gl 5Bw

+ + + + 3 +1+1+IV525 + 1 + III82

pl 4Bw pgmp: 4Bw 1 11 1 + 2 + 1 2 1 2 1 V768 1 1 11232V10351+ + 1 + +11+2IV3651 1 1 + + III154 + + + 1 2 + +++++V265+ 1 + + III118 Aperion spicae-venti Vicietum tetraspermae Vicietum var. with Juncus bufonius Equisetum sylvaticum Equisetum III. Ch. D. cyanii Centautalia cyanus Centaurea Vicia hirsuta Anthemis arvensis Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. pallidum Vicia villosa D. II. bufonius Juncus Myosurus minimus Plantago intermedia Ranunculus repens Trifolium repens Rorippa sylvestris tripartita Bidens Mentha arvensis uliginosum Gnaphalium Releve no. in the table table 1 2 3 the 4 5 678910 in 1112131415161718192021 no. monthVariant 6Releve 7 no. inReleve nature 6Date: 7 6 55677 yearLocalityCultivated plant 77Percent 6 ground cover the by cultivated plant 7 weeds 6 Percent by ground cover 5 5 90 6 70 7 7 Soil unit 1 90 releve the in species of Number 25 80 5 05. Tritic. D. Ch. I. oz. Hs 80 25 16 33 05. Triticale tetraspermaVicia 60 17 Sc 30 06. 2 60 20 79 Sc 75 35 40 05. Sc 80 24 20 55 60 Sc 06. 65 18 Sc 25 06. 80 10 29 24 Sc 05. 40 10 06. Sc 35 17 04. 2918221012 50 04. 21 50 60 33 19 60 93 17 Sc 70 21 Sc 8 04. 26 Tritic. 35 80 05. Tritic. 25 66 20 06. Sc 80 92 Tritic. 40 21 70 05. Sc 1532 113 40 Tritical. 80 06. 34 80 Sc 06. 25 50 4 75 95 Sc 05. 19 20 65 24 99 tc 03. 50 25 50 33 114 04. 40 19 70 96 44 04. 20 50 29 26 40 31 25 65 33 21 44 27 31 28 27 Segetal communities of cereal crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape Park 181

1(+), 16(+); 12(+); 12(+); 4(+), 12(+); 4(+), Spergularia Spergularia Melandrium album Anagallis arvensis 11(+), 12(+); Erysimum cheiranthoides Lothus corniculatus corniculatus Lothus Leontodon autumnalis autumnalis Leontodon 3(+), 5(+); 2(+); 2(+); Veronica triphyllos Veronica 21(+); 21(+); 13(+); 13(+); 1(+); Poa annua 3(+), 9(+), 19(+); 19(+); 9(+), 3(+), Sagina procumbens Sagina 5(+); 5(+); Poa annua Descurainia sophia Descurainia 19(+); Achillea millefolium 12(+); 12(+); Consolida regalis 1(+); 9(+); 9(+); palustris palustris

Lathyrus pratensis pratensis Lathyrus Artemisia vulgaris 20(+), 21(+); Stachys 21(+); 20(+); 20(+); Veronica polita Plantago lanceolata Plantago 16(+); Spergula morysonii Spergula Plantago major 12(+); 12(+); 1(1), 10(+); 10(+); 1(1), 6(+), 8(+), 17(+); 17(+); 8(+), 6(+), Agrostis albaAgrostis 8(+); 7(+), 7(+), Galinsoga parviflora Galinsoga 12(+), 15(+); ++ r ++ + + IV54 Potentilla anserina Daucus carota Daucus 20 (+); 20 (+); Veronica agrestis +1II54 Bromus mollis 5(+); 5(+); Symphytum officinale Agrostis gigantea Agrostis 10(+), 11(+); 2(+), 9(+); 11(+); Arnoseris minima 9(+), 17(+); 17(+); 9(+), 14(+), 21(+); Alopecurus geniculatus Arenaria serpyllifolia 15(+), 20(+); 15(+), Oxalis fontana Rorippa austriaca Thlaspi arvense arvense Thlaspi Papaver dubium 21(+); 21(+); 11(+); 11(+); Stellaria graminea 18(+), 21(+); 3(+), 9(+), 11(+); 11(+); 9(+), 3(+), Scleranthus annuus +I102+++++++IV223 Senecio vulgaris Senecio 8(+), 20(+); 20(+); 8(+), 21(+); 21(+); Rumex obtusifolius + + + 1 II 80 1 + + ++ +++II40 II 3 7 20(+); 20(+); Potentilla argentea Potentilla Erophila verna Erophila 11(+); 9(+); 9(+); + ++++II30 + + + III 50 + + + + 1 + III 91 Polygonum hydropiper Rumex acetosa 7(+); V – 7(+); 18(+); Spergula arvensis Spergula 1 1 1 1 +++ 2 + 1 III130 1 + IV359 ++I0+ II27 ++++II40+++ + + + + + III 50 + + + + + III 45 10(+); Polygonum aviculare 10(+), 11(+); Conyza canadensis 5(+), 9(+), 11(+); 11(+); Trifolium dubium Epilobium roseum Epilobium 20(+); 20(+); 1 + + + + + III 100 + + + 1 + + + IV 100 ++ +++ + + + + ++ II30 + + 2 + + + + + + +++++V90++ + ++ III + + 50 II + 40 + + V241 + +II27 + + + + + + + + + + II + + 40 + + IV 3 7 II 36 + + + + III 45 11(+); Lathyrus tuberosus Lathyrus Malva neglecta 2(+), 4(+); Phragmites australis 1(+); + 1 I10 + I18 1 1 + +1+ 1 1 1 1 II110+ + IV 280 1 + + + 1 + III 127 ++ + + 1+ + + + 1 + + + + +1.1+ II27 1 + V109 + +++IV120++ + +++ + +IV80 + + +++1 +++++II40++1II64 + + III 100 + + 1 + + III45 +II80 +++1 + 1 ++++ III 50 + ++II40+++ + I9 1 + II40 + + II20 II 109 1 II100 + I9 I 9 9(+); 9(+); Rumex acetosella Geranium pusillum pusillum Geranium Rumex acetosa Poa pratensis 2(1); 2(1); 20(+), 21(+); 18(+); Veronica opaca Trifolium pratense 15(+); IV – 15(+); 1(+); 17(+), 18(+); 10(+); Vicia sativaVicia Veronica hederifolia Carex hirta Veronica serpyllifolia Veronica Galeopsis pubescens pubescens Galeopsis – II 11(+); 17(+); 14(+), 19(+); Erodium cicutarium Euphorbia helioscopia Euphorbia Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. lapathifolium 20(1), 21(+); III – III – 21(+); 20(1), Ch. Stellarietea mediae Accompanying species 10(+), 17(+); 11(+); 10 (+);19(+) A vena fatua cd. Table 5 Apera spica-venti Sporadic species: Vicia angustifolia Vicia Myosotis strictaMyosotis thalianaArabidopsis Agrostemma githago arvense Lithospermum IV. arvensisMyosotis inodora subsp. maritima Matricaria bursa-pastoris Capsella arvensisViola Stellaria media Fallopia convolvulus purpureum Lamium Chenopodium album Veronica persica amplexicaule Lamium arvensis Sonchus Rumex crispus Sonchus oleraceus V. arvensis Veronica Equisetum arvense holosteoidesCerastium Taraxacum officinale Cirsium arvense aparine Galium arvensisConvolvulus repens Elymus rubra Holcus lanatus Festuca rubra 182 Teresa Skrajna, Janina Skrzyczyńska, Maria Ługowska

Table 6 Aphano-Matricarietum R.Tx. 1937. No of picture in table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 No of picture in nature 59 105 9 10 11 61 106 107 Date: month 6777666 6 year 05. 07. 06. 07. 06. 06. 05. 06. Locality 24 40 4 28 28 4 12 2 Cultivated plant Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Range of cltivated plant over field in % 70 55 70 65 60 70 55 65 Range of weeds over field in % 45 75 30 35 40 50 30 30 i.pl i.pl i.pl Soil unite ł ł ł 9Mpgl.pl 9Mpgl.pl 6Mpl 6Ep 6Ep 6Ep 6Bkps:pl 9Mpgl.pl Mean numbers of species within the picture Numbers of species with the picture 19 18 21 20 18 25 23 16 20 nW I.CH.D. Aphano-Matricarietum Aphanes arvensis 1312331 181500 Veronica hederifolia ++r + 4 37 Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora ++1 3 87 II. Ch. Aperion spicae-venti Centauretalia cyanii Anthemis arvensis ++++++ +7 87 Apera spica-venti 21111+6481 Scleranthus annuus 1+ + ++ 5112 Teesdalea nudicaulis 11++4150 Arnoseris minima ++ + r4 37 Lithospermum arvense 1++ 1 4150 Arabidopsis thaliana 1++387 Vicia angustifolia +++337 Vicia villosa ++ + 337 Veronica dillenii 11+3137 Centaurea cyanus +++337 III. Stellarietea mediae Viola arvensis +++++++ +8100 Geranium pusillum ++ + + 4 50 Spergula arvensis +++ +4 50 Fallopia convolvulus ++++450 Conyza canadensis ++ 225 IV. Accompanyig species Veronica arvensis ++ + + +5 62 Juncus bufonius +1+ + 4100 Galium aparine ++++ 450 Anthoxanthum aristatum 2+ ++4256 Poa annua ++ + +4 40 Galeopsis ladanum ++ + 337 Rhinanthus serotinus 21 +3287 Cerastium holosteoides ++ + 3 37 Rumex acetosella ++ +337 Leontodon autumnalis +++337 Hypochoeris glabra ++ + 3 37 Holcus lanatus +++337 Polygonum hydropiper ++ 225 Elymus repens ++225 Ranunculus repens ++ 2 25 Bidens tripartita +1 2 75 Polygonum hydropiper 11 2125 Carex hirta ++225 Vicia tetrasperma ++ 2 25 Veronica verna ++225 Plantago lanceolata ++225 Ranunculus sardous ++225 Convolvulus arvensis ++225 Sporadic species: III – Capsella bursa-pastoris 5(+); IV – Plantago intermedia 3(+); Luzula arvensis 1(+); Trifolium dubium 3(+); Tanacetum vulgare 3(+); Equisetum arvense 7(+); Spergularia rubra 2(+); Lisymachia vulgaris 2(+); Potentilla anserina 5(+); Taraxacum officinale 5(+); Rorippa sylvestris 5(+); Polygonum aviculare 7(+); Cirsium arvense 8(+); Erodium cicutarium 8(+); Vicia hirsuta 6(+); Comments: numbers after species inform about the releve in the table. S – phytosociological constancy, D – coverage index. Segetal communities of cereal crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape Park 183

Table 7 Community with species characteristic for Polygono-Chenopodion. Releve no. in the table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Releve no. in nature 109 30 22 71 31 81 42 115 70 116 Date: month 7 7 6 7 6 5 5 6 7 7 year 04. 05. 06. 05. 06. 06. 05. 03. 04. 04. Locality 38 12 10 24 12 29 18 44 24 39 Cultivated plant HsvAs Tc As Hs,As Hv Tv As Sc Sc Hs,As Percent ground cover by the cultivated plant 90 95 80 70 80 70 65 60 90 85 Percent ground cover by weeds 20 30 20 55 25 20 55 30 35 20 z:pgl zgl ł Soil unit ł i:pl ł Mean number of species in the releve 2bwgl 8Dzpgm:gl 4Dzgl:gs 4Dzpgl:gl 2Bwpgl:gs 2Bw pgm.gs 2Bw 2Fp 4Bwp 8Dzpgm 2bwp Number of species in the releve 18 29 17 28 22 31 25 24 25 21 24

I. Ch. Polygono-Chenopodion Polygono-Chenopodietalia Veronica persica 11 2 1 2 ++ 1IV570 Stellaria media 11+ 1 1+ +IV230 Chenopodium album ++1 1 1+ + +IV200 Lamium purpureum ++++ 1+ +IV110 Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora +++ 1 ++ + +IV120 Lamium amplexicaule ++ + + ++ +IV70 Veronica polita + 2 + 1 + III 255 Thlaspi arvense 1 + 1 + + + III 140 Veronica agrestis 1 1 + + + III 130 Anagallis arvensis + + + 1 + III 90 Euphorbia helioscopia + + + + 1 III 90 Chenopodium polyspermum + + + + + III 50 Sinapis arvensis + + + + + III 50 Sonchus oleraceus +++ II30 Sonchus asper ++ + II30 II. Ch. Aperion spicae-venti Centauretalia cyanii Vicia angustifolia +++ ++ + +IV70 Centaurea cyanus + + + + + III 50 Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. pallidum ++++ II40 Anthemis arvensis ++ + II30 Vicia sativa ++ + II30 III. Ch. Stellaria mediae Viola arvensis + + + + 1 1 III 140 Myosotis arvensis + + + + + + III 60 Capsella bursa-pastoris + + + 1 + III 90 Fallopia convolvulus +1++ II80 Spergula arvensis ++ + + II40 Geranium pusillum ++ + II30 Raphanus raphanistrum +++II30 IV. Accompanying species Galium aparine 1 1 + + 1 III 170 Veronica arvensis +1 1 ++ + + IV150 Artemisia vulgaris ++1II70 Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. lapathifolium +1 + II70 Taraxacum officinale ++ + + II40 Equisetum arvense ++ ++II40 Plantago intermedia +++ +II40 Alopecurus geniculatus ++ +II30 Sporadic species: I – Galinsoga parviflora 6(1), 10(+); Melandrium noctiflorum 5(+), 9(+); Rumex crispus 9(+); II – Apera spica-venti 7(+), 9(2); Arabidopsis thaliana 8(1), 9(+); Vicia hirsuta 2(1), 5(+); Veronica hederifolia 9(+); Vicia villosa 8(+): III – Polygonum aviculare 4(+), 6(+); Echinochloa crus-galli 7(+); Senecio vulgaris 6(+); Rumex acetosella 5(+); IV – Myosotis stricta 8 (1), 9(1); Plantago major 2(+), 6(+); Cirsium arvense 2(+), 6(+); Erodium cicutarium 5(+), 9(+); Stellaria graminea 7(+), 9(+); Trifolium repens 2(+), 6(+); Cerastium holosteoides 8(+), 9(+); Erophila verna 8(1), 9(+); Poa annua 1(+), 10(+); Elymus repens 6(+), 7(+); Galeopsis tetrahit 4(+), 6(+); Convolvulus arvensis 2(+), 5(+); Myosurus minimus 8(1), 9(+); Juncus bufonius 1(+), 10(+); Lappa minor 3(+); Polygonum persicaria 4(+); Matricaria suaveolens 4(+); Chenopodium hybridum 6(+); Hypochoeris glabra 7(+); Tanacetum vulgare 6(+), 7(+); Helichrysum arenarium 8(+); Senecio vernalis 8(+); Viola tricolor 8(+); Leontodon autumnalis 7(+); Polygonum hydropiper 7(2); Potentilla anserina 2(+); Rorippa sylvestris 2(+); Trifolium dubium 4(+); Galeopsis ladanum 7(+); Galeopsis pubescens 2(+); Rumex acetosa 7(+); Achillea millefolium 7(+); Daucus carota 6(+); Festuca rubra 8(+); Comments: numbers after species inform about the releve in the table. 184 Teresa Skrajna, Janina Skrzyczyńska, Maria Ługowska

Typical patches of Vicietum tetraspermae were inodora, noted frequently in other communities, oc- rarely noted in the study area. They were distinguish- curred in the analyzed patches with a little cover. The able by higher cover of characteristic species and the presence of Veronica hederifolia, a rare taxon in the lack of acidophilous, calcareous and higrophilous spe- phytocenoses of the Landscape Park, was also sporadi- cies. These phytocenoses developed on brown lixi- cally observed in them. No stand of Chamomilla recu- viated soils, alluvial soils, and degraded black soils, tita, reported as a characteristic species of Aphano- classified as good and very good rye complexes. They Matricarietum (Matuszkiewicz, 2001), was were distinguishable by higher cover of Vicia hirsuta recorded in the study area. Phytocenoses of Aphano- and Centaurea cyanus. Matricarietum were observed mainly in rye crops on Patches with the participation of hygrophilous sandy, boggy and silt-peat soils of poor rye and poor species were noted much more frequently. The plots of cereal-grazing complexes. They developed on poor and this variant were the floristically richest phytocenoes periodically excessively wetted soils with a large share in cereal crops of the Park. They were built up of 88 of acidophilous: Scleranthus annuus, Rumex acetosel- species, and the mean number of species in one plot la, Arnoseris minima, Teesdalea nudicaulis, Anthemis was on average 27. The patches were distinguishable arvensis, and hygrophilous species: Juncus bufonius, by the occurrence of a numerous group of hygrophil- Polygonum hydropiper, Bidens tripartita and others. ous species, of which the highest persistence and cover Moreover, Rhinanthus serotinus, numerously noted in reached the following: Juncus bufonius, Myosurus different phytocenoses, was also frequently recorded minimus, Plantago intermedia, Ranunculus repens and in that association. Triforium repens. These phytocenoses, comparing with the typical ones, were also characterised by a larger Communities with species characteristic for the share of Apera spica-venti. Polygono-Chenopodion alliance On the poorest soils, classified as poor and In spring cereal crops, on the most fertile soils good rye complexes, phytocenoses with the mass oc- of the studied area, classified as a very good rye com- currence of Anthoxanthum aristatum (cover frequently plex, good wheat complex and strong cereal-grazing over 30%) were observed. These floristically poorest complex, communities with a large share of species patches, considering the phytocenoses of Vicietum tet- characteristic for the Polygono-Chenopodion alliance raspermae, were also distinguishable by the smallest (Tab. 7) were noted. Species such as Veronica persica, cover of characteristic species. Lamiom purpureum, Matricaria maritima subsp. ino- The frequent occurrence of Rhinanthus seroti- dora and Euphorbia helioscopia were most frequent. nus in some patches of Vicietum tetraspermae resulted In the floristic composition of these patches, the occur- in different physiognomy of the community. That spe- rence of nitrophilous species characteristic for higher cific combination of species is presented as the variant syntaxonomical units, e.g. Lamium amplexicaule, Stel- with Rhinanthus serotinus. Typical phytocenoses of laria media, Thlaspi arvensis, Anagallis arvensis and the variant with Rhinanthus serotinus were develop- Veronica agrestis, as well as accompanying species: ing in habitats similar in trophy to those of the variant Galium aparine and Veronica arvensis, was observed. with Anthoxanthum aristatum. They were also floristically poor. Some plots, classified as the subvariant with Myosurus minimus, were characterised by the oc- DISCUSSION currence of hygrophilous species. These phytocenoses, Segetal vegetation undergoes constant, dynamic contrary to those mentioned above, developed on rich transformations which significantly affect the develop- soils, included in a very good rye complex, wheat good ment of communities without diagnostic species of de- and cereal-grazing complexes, formed of clayey sands, fined associations (A n i o ł -Kwiatkowska, 1990; dusts and loam. The analyzed plots were distinguish- Hołdyński, 1991; Siciń ski, 2003; Skrajna able by the occurrence of hygrophilous species, e.g.: and Skrzyczyń ska, 2006). Myosurus minimus, Juncus bufonius, Plantago inter- Syntaxonomically differentiated and species- media, Mentha arvensis, Rorippa sylvestris. In some rich phytocenoses accompanying cereal crops in the patches Agrostemma githago and Centaura cyanus area of Mazowiecki Landscape Park retained the char- dominated. acteristic combination of species. The poorest habitats of the study area were Aphano-Matricarietum R. Tx. 1937 occupied by the commonly noted phytocenoses of In cereal crops of mid-forest clearings of the Arnoserido-Scleranthetum. That sub-Atlantic asso- following villages: Kąty, Skorupy, Augustówka, ciation reaches in Poland its north-eastern geographi- Człekówka and Ocznia, phytocenoses with Aphanes cal range (M atuszkiewicz, 2001). Patches of arvensis were recorded. Matricaria maritima subsp. Arnoserido-Scleranthetum observed in the area of Segetal communities of cereal crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape Park 185 the Park were similar in their floristic composition of vegetation patches similar in species composition to phytocenoses reported from central and western Po- to communities of the order Polygono-Chenopodi- land (Anioł -Kwiatkowska 1990; S i c i ń ski, etalia, accompanying root cultivations (S i c i ń ski, 1986, 2003; Skrzyczyń ska and Skrajna, 2003; H o ł dyń ski, 1991; Skrajna and 2004; Warcholiń ska, 1995; Wójcik, 1965), Skrzyczyń ska, 2006). In the agrocenoses of the however, they were better developed and floristi- Mazowiecki Landscape Park, they were mainly ob- cally richer than those occurring in the north-east- served on more fertile soils in the agricultural buffer ern part of the lowland Nizina Południowopodlaska zone of the Park. (Skrzyczyń ska, 1994; S krzyczyń ska and Rzymowska, 2005). Most frequently, similarly CONCLUSIONS like in many regions of Poland, patches of Vicietum tetraspermae were noted. However, due to the domi- 1. Four plant communities, Arnoserido-Scleranthe- nation of poor habitats and a large share of rye crops in tum, Papaveretum argemones, Vicietum tetrasp- the crop structure, patches of the variants characterised ermae and Aphano-Matricarietum, divided into by the mass occurrence of Anthoxanthum aristatum, lower syntaxonomical units, were identified in Rhinanthus serotninus and hygrophilous species cereal agrocenoses of the Mazowiecki Landscape were noted. Floristically similar patches of Vicietum Park. tertaspermae were recorded in the Mazowsze region 2. The Arnoserido-Scleranthetum association was by Wójcik (1965), in the Wysoczyzna Kałuszyńska common in poor habitats, whereas the association upland by Skrzyczyń ska and Skrajna (2004) Vicietum tetraspermae was widespread in more fer- and in the Podlaski Przełom Bugu mesoregion tile ones. by Skrzyczyń ska and Rzymowska (2005). 3. Fully-developed plots of the association Papaver- The large fragmentation of arable areas, the etum argemones and patches of the community of close proximity of associations of similar habitat re- intermediate character Arnoserido-Scleranthetum- quirements and an increase in fertilization level (es- Papaveretum argemones were rarely noted in the pecially on light soils) resulted in the development of study area. phytocenoses of intermediate character (S i c i ń ski, 4. Isolated patches of Aphano-Matricarietum were 2003). Phytocenoses characterized by the occurrence noted in the south-eastern part of the Park. of characteristic species of both the associations: Ar- noserido-Scleranthetum and Papaveretum argemones REFERENCES were rarely noted. Similar communities of intermediate Anioł -Kwiatkowska J., 1990: Zbiorowiska segetalne character were reported from various regions of Poland Wału Trzebnickiego. Florystyczno-ekologiczne stu- by the following authors: W ójcik (1965) from the dium porównawcze. / Segetal communities of Wał Mazowsze region, S krajna and Skrzyczyńska Trzebnicki. Floristic and ecological comparative study. (2006) from the Wysoczyzna Kałuszyńska upland, Wyd. Uniw. Wr. Pr. Bot.: 46-230. Siciński (1986) from the Załęczański Landscape Hoł dyń s k i Cz., 1991: Flora segetalna, zróżnicowanie flo- Park, H o ł dyń ski and Korniak (1994), R a - rystyczno-ekologiczne i przemiany szaty roślinnej pól tuszniak and Sobisz (1999) and so on. 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