211 © the Author(S) 2020 M. Hasan, Islam and Politics in Bangladesh, NUMBERS and SYMB

Index1

NUMBERS AND SYMBOLS 115, 116, 118, 120, 122, 123, 9/11, 16–18, 29, 32, 51, 58, 86, 182 126, 127, 130, 132–135, 18-point program, 135 137–140, 169, 171, 178, 185, 295A of Penal code, 130 193, 194, 205, 207, 208 Ayodha riot, 128 Azam, Ghulam, 72–74, 104–106, A 128–131 Abduh, Muhammad, 32, 44, 190 Afghani, Jamal al Din, 43 Ahl-e Hadith, 45, 129 B Ahmadi, 179 Bande Mataram, 124, 125 Alia madrasah, 150–153, 152n2, 152n3 Bangladeshi bloggers, 103, 177 Al-Qayeda, 57, 184, 195 Bangladeshi Nationalism, 122–127 al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 47, 184 Bangladesh Jamaat e Islami (BJI), 3, Anderson, Benedict, 67, 145 11, 86, 158n5, 177, 185, 186, Ansarullah Bangla Team (ABT), 132, 193, 194 184 Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), Anti Indian stance, 74 11–14, 18, 19, 62, 76, 79, 80, Arab Spring, 38, 87 84, 87, 93n9, 106, 107, Ashrafs, Seyyed Ali, 60, 61, 67, 69, 191 115–140, 169, 171, 205, 207, Atraps, 60, 61, 64, 67, 69 208 Awami League (AL), 3, 10–15, 18, 19, Basherkella, 194 31, 62, 72, 75, 79, 80, 83–108, Baul, 164

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

Bengali nationalism, 14, 71–73, Faraizi movement, 46, 63–65 89–91, 120–123 Far-right, 34 Bhashani, Maulana, 72 Four Party, 134 Biswa Ijtema, 161

G C Gallup poll, 166, 167 Caliphate, 19, 44, 61, 66–67, 179, Geopolitics, 5, 15, 52, 57–80, 86 182–184, 196 Globalization, 23, 30, 32, 34, 41, 43, Chakma, 123, 123n4, 124 49–52, 57, 165, 171, 177–197, Charlie Hebdo, 31, 182 203, 204, 207 Civilizational Identity, 36 Clash of civilizations, 1, 29–52, 205 Cold War, 42, 74–78 H Haider, Daud, 8, 85 Hajj, 97, 101, 119, 138, 161 D Hanafi scholars, 66 Daily Prothom-Alo, 133, 178 Harkat-ul Jihad-al-Islami Bangladesh Dars-i-Nizami, 151n2, 152n2 (HuJI-B), 61, 184, 195 Darul Uloom Deoband, 62 Hasina, Sheikh, 2, 3, 11, 13, 31, 84, Deoband Madrasah, 62, 66, 150, 160 86, 88, 95, 99, 101, 107, 130, Deobond Ulemas, 67 137, 178, 196 Hefazat e Islam (HI), 2, 3, 62, 86, 115, 131–134, 137, 154, 170, 177 E Hindu-Buddhist-Christian unity East Bengal Regiment, 117, 117n2 council, 168 Ekattorer Ghatak Dalal Nirmool Hinduism, 61, 68, 123n4, 124, 168 Committee, 86 Historic specificity, 58 Enemy of Islam, 67, 68, 72 Hizbut Tahrir, 19, 44, 57, 62, 184, Enemy Property Act, 168, 168n6 187, 190, 192 Energy Information Administration Hizbut Tahrir Bangladesh (HTB), (EIA), 78 184, 192 En Nahda, 20, 38, 207 Hossain, Kamal, 14, 15, 75, 87n3, 88, Ershad, Hussein Muhammad, 13, 76, 90n7, 105, 117n1, 135 77 Human Development Index (HDI), 48 Ex-cadet Islamic Learning Forum, 194 Extremism, 2, 6, 9, 12, 15, 51 Extremist Ummah, 2, 20, 47, 183, I 194, 197 Ijtihad, 37 Imam, Jahanara, 130 Innocence of Muslims, 31, 102, 181 F Inter-civilizational, 34 False Islam, 31, 72 International Crimes Tribunal (ICT), False Muslims, 42, 45–47, 62, 67, 182 85, 158n5, 193 INDEX 213

International relations (IR), 16–18, Jamaatul Mujahedeen of Bangladesh 22, 57, 203, 205 (JMB), 61 ISIL, 179, 183, 187, 188, 194–196 Jatiyo Shamajtantric DAL (JSD), 95 ISIS, 44, 47, 57 Jihadist, 34, 42, 179, 184, 194, 195 Islamic agency, 15, 83, 101 Islamic bloc lobbies, 134 Islamic civilization, 29, 33, 34, 58–61, K 133, 158 Kalo Shurjer Kalo Josnar Kalo Bonnay, Islamic Conference of Foreign 85 Ministers (ICFM), 78 Khan, Imran, 14, 15, 30, 31 Islamic Conference of Tourism, 100 The Khartoum Resolution, 97 Islamic cultural values, 146 Islamic Foundation (IF), 97, 146, 154–160, 163, 168, 190, 206 L Islamic identity, 1n1, 3, 5, 31, 40, 46, Language movement, 71, 72, 90, 95–104, 124, 139, 165, 183, 90n5 204, 207 Larma, Manabendra Narayan, 123 Islamic IR, 57 Laylatul Barat, 97 Islamic nationalism, 47, 57 Laylatul Qadr, 97 Islamic Oikko Jot (IoJ), 79, 129, 134 Liberal democracy, 22, 32, 34, 36, 39, Islamic secularism, 15, 104 44, 57, 62, 83, 86, 94, 95, 207, Islamist parties, 5, 6, 11, 14, 19, 38, 208 66, 72, 78, 79, 83, 86, 87, 94, Liberalization, 5, 6, 34, 94, 118, 119, 104–108, 129, 132, 134–135, 182, 204 150, 154, 177, 180, 183–186, Liberal Muslim, 62, 100 193, 204, 207, 208 Liberal politics, 203 Islamists, 5, 11, 13, 16, 19, 20, 30, Liberal ummah, 19, 20, 47, 62, 34, 35, 37, 42–47, 51, 57, 61, 74–78, 80, 87, 99 62, 64, 66, 79, 84, 86, 87, 96, 98, 100, 108, 117, 130, 132, 134, 140, 153, 157–159, 163, M 164, 178, 181–186, 190, 191, Madani, Maulana Hussein Ahmad, 69 194, 195, 203, 205, 207 Madinah Pact, 41 Islamization, 2, 5–7, 10, 12–15, 19, Madrasah Education Ordinance 20, 23, 42, 50, 57–59, 75, (MEO), 151 78–80, 86, 87, 116, 117, 139, Mamluks, 59 145–171, 197, 203, 207 The manifesto of the United Front, 71–72 Master signifier, 29, 30, 39 J Maududi, Abul A‘la, 46, 47, 69, 72, Jagodol, 120 190 Jamaat e Islami, 46, 68, 72, 182 Mawlana Muhammad Ilyas, 160 214 INDEX

Modernist Islamist thinkers, 37 78, 79, 83–108, 115–117, 126, Mughal regime, 66 128, 145–171, 182, 183, Mujibur, Sheikh, 12–14, 76, 84–86, 185–191, 203–205, 207, 208 87n2, 88, 90n6, 91n7, 95–100, Post Islamism, 5, 29–52 104–106, 116–118, 120, 130, Pure Islam, 45, 46, 64, 67, 70–71 134, 135 Multiple identities, 37 Muslim League, 42, 62, 63, 68–70, Q 87, 87n2, 98, 124 Qawmi madrasah, 45, 131, 132, 137, Muslim nation, 57, 68, 79, 100, 124 150, 151n2, 153, 154 Muslim supremacy, 96 Qutb, Sayyid, 46, 47, 157, 182, 183

N R National Education Policy, 150, 151 Rabubiyat, 72 National Humanities Medal, 32 Radical, 2, 15, 16, 19, 20, 32, 42, 43, National Moon Sighting Committee 47, 49, 51, 52, 57, 61, 62, 64, (NMSC), 156 71, 78–79, 96, 100, 103–105, National women development policy 118, 130, 149, 154, 163, 183, (NWDP), 131 187, 197, 208 The non-cooperation movement, 90, Radicalization, 6, 7, 15, 21, 44, 197, 90n7 207 Radical Muslim, 57, 77 Radical Ummah, 19 O Rahman, Ziaur, 12, 13, 76, 98, 103, One Belt One Road (OBOR), 7, 8 116–119, 117n2, 123–126, 130, Operation Searchlight, 117, 117n1, 137, 189 117n2 Religious framework, 58 Organization of Islamic Conference RESOLVE Network, 22, 167 (OIC), 5, 10, 76, 96, 100 Rida, Rashid, 32, 44 Org Quest, 178 Rumi, Shah Sultan, 59 Ozaki, Muhammad Saifullah, 194

S P Salafism, 43, 208 Pakistan period, 72 Satanic Verses, 31 Pan-Islamic leaders, 66 Sayedee, Delwar Hossain, 158n5, Pan-Islamism, 43, 191, 192 194 Pew Survey, 166 Secularism, 4, 14–16, 19, 22, 33–35, Political Islam, 4, 4–5n2, 6, 12, 18, 49, 68, 73, 75, 84–87, 89, 19, 23, 38, 41, 42, 46, 47, 50, 91–93, 95, 99, 103–105, 116, 57–59, 61, 62, 64, 66, 68, 72, 120, 122, 135, 193, 204, 205 INDEX 215

Secular voting base, 85 U Seljuks, 59 Ulemas, 66, 129 Shahbagh movement, 131–133, 177 Ummah consciousness index, 48 Shaheed Minars, 177, 178, 180 Ummah identity, 10, 39, 41, 42, 47, Shah Wali Allah, 43–45 48, 52, 71, 77, 78, 97, 100, 101, Sharia, 1, 15, 16, 20, 34, 38, 44, 45, 122, 171, 178, 188 62, 79, 131, 134, 161, 166, 167, Ummahs, 2, 6, 12, 19–20, 52, 58, 182, 185 78–80, 183–194, 197, 208 Shariatullah, Hazi, 46, 63, 64 United Actions Council (UAC), 129, Sheikh Rehana, 13, 88 131 Six Point Charter movement, 90 United States Institutes of Peace Sovereignty of Bangladesh, 89 (USIP), 22, 167 Sufism, 45, 152n2, 164 Surah Al-Qafirun, 99 W Wahhab, Ibn-Abdul, 43, 45–47 T War on Terror, 78–79 Tabligh Jamaat (TJ), 146, 154, 160 Western civilization, 29, 33, 35, 37, Tagore, 71 70, 147 Taliban, 74, 134, 182, 184, 187 Tawhid, 33, 45, 46, 63, 126 Tayuni Movement, 68, 70 Z Titu Mir, 65, 194 Zamindar, 63, 69, 70 Transparency International Bangladesh Z Force, 117 (TIB), 93n10 Zia, Khaleda, 11, 115–126, 130, True Muslims, 20, 46, 61, 62, 182 134–139