DOCSLIB.ORG

Socio-Political Impacts of the Contemporary Religious Movements in AJK Pakistan: an Empirical Study on Competing Visions of an Ideal Islamic Society

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Socio-Political Impacts of the Contemporary Religious Movements in AJK Pakistan: an Empirical Study on Competing Visions of an Ideal Islamic Society Socio-Political Impacts of the Contemporary Religious Movements in AJK Pakistan: An Empirical Study on Competing Visions of an Ideal Islamic Society Thesis submitted to The University of Gloucestershire in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By MUHAMMAD ISHAQ On Social Movements Markfield Institute of Higher Education December, 2016 i Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the emergence of the three main religious movements in AJK Pakistan and empirically investigate how they utilise social and public spaces to achieve their vision for this society. These groups are recognized as Islamic revivalist movements; therefore, the study aims to explore and understand how religiously motivated values function as social visions to shape or transform a society. As AJK society is largely based on the biraderi or caste system, it is important to explore how the above mentioned religious groups, reconcile their religious ideals to address a socially-segregated society. The role of religion, or more specifically, Islam and Islamic activism, is examined by applying sociological methods; the socio-religious and socio-political activities of the Islamic movements are analysed within the paradigms of the Social Movement theory. The study focusses on three main research questions, (i) the emergence of the Islamic movements, (ii) how they utilise or mobilise resources and (iii) how the movements disseminate their values and message into society. Aside from contemporary India and Pakistan, Kashmir has its own very long history of religion, politics, and independence as a kingdom. It consists of a Buddhist kingdom, a Brahman caste structured society, and a Sufi-oriented Muslim state, while the image of post- colonial Kashmir is totally different, which is divided, governed by foreign rules, and holds differing religious and secular ideologies. There are many active Islamic movements who are working in the name of revivalism, or reform, and who aim to bring changes to the society to make an ideal Islamic society according to their own perceived visions. The focus of this study was upon the three social-religious movements that are seeking to bring changes to the AJK society. Jamat-e-Islami (JI) is a well-known Islamic revivalist movement in the subcontinent; which has more than six chapters in six South-Asian ii countries. The movement uses many strategies to achieve its social, political and religious goals. In AJK, it is actively using different networks, such as education, health, welfare and politics. Minhaj-ul-Qur’an (MQ) is a comparatively new movement, however, the strategies and methods it deploys are quite like those of the JI Movement, but differ in its application of ideology, vision and rhetoric. Khanqah-e-Fatihiya, or Hadhrat Sahib of Gulhar Sharif (GS), is an apolitical movement that has evolved from within AJK. This movement represents the popular Sufi forms of Islam prevalent within AJK society. However, over the last 30 years, its substantial changes demonstrate elements of an internal revival within the AJK tasawwuf sects, which also emphasise ‘economic and religious emancipation’. The study highlights how these movements adopt different tactics to promote their ideologies through a variety of means, hence, how socio-religious and socio-political strategies are operating in a society which is mainly based on the caste system. As an exploratory, qualitative and ethnographic study, the research is based on three case studies centred on the above mentioned Islamic movements. The study concluded that all three movements had different goals and focus in AJK, for example, JI uses a state-centric approach, MQ mainly concentrates on society, whereas, the Sufi tariqa is an individual-centric movement. All three movements utilise an individual movement structure and apply differing methods to convey their message, in AJK. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Writing a Ph.D. dissertation is a long and laborious process. Throughout these years, I have benefited from the help and support of numerous teachers, colleagues, friends, family members and institutions. Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. Ian G. Williams and Dr. Abdullah Sahin, whose expertise and wisdom added considerably to my research experience. Dr. Abdullah Sahin’s guidance enabled me to undertake empirical fieldwork, whereas, Dr. Ian Williams’s support has been crucial to polishing my understanding of social theories and related research frameworks. The intellectual engagement I shared with both has been crucial for the development of my research abilities and knowledge. This research revolves around the participants of the three movements from Azad Jammu and Kashmir and U.K. I thank all the interviewees and other participants who participated in this research, as well as, all those extraordinary people in AJK and Pakistan, who helped me to carry out my fieldwork. How can I forget their hospitality and especially some of those who so kindly paid my taxi fare when I visited their homes for the interviews? My sincere thanks go to those in AJK who assisted me to make contacts and drove me for miles, in particular, my brother Muhammad Liaquat for sacrificing a huge amount of time and efforts to transport me over days and nights, and to my friends Banaras Raheem and Abdul Majeed, for making themselves available whenever I needed them. Also in Nottingham, where I spent years of study and personal growth, there are innumerable people to whom I would like to express my gratitude. I sincerely thank my cousin and friend, Muhammad Farooq, and Mrs. Razina Farooq, for supporting and encouraging me throughout my studies. Special thanks are owed to my cousins Zaheem Koli, and Arif Koli, also my uncle (late) Haji Shabbir Kalis the most concerned person about me in the UK also brother iv Saleem Kalis and sister Tazeem Sleem. My sincere thanks go to Dr. Ali Qamar and Dr. Sameen Ali for encouraging me and demonstrating how to work on a Ph.D thesis. Throughout these years Muhammad Rasheed, Chief Accountant at Imperial Accounting Nottingham, has been a great source of encouragement and support special thanks go to him. I am also grateful to Dr. Imran Khan Suddazai and Mrs. Chiara Khan for revising my text and offering me invaluable advice during the last phase of my work. I also thank my colleague, Muhammed Zaheer, whose discussions helped me to revise many ideas, as did my classmate, Shameem Salim, for her help with literature from Pakistan, and reading my thesis chapters many times. My sincere appreciations go to Sayyed Lakhte Husnain and Muhammad Maqsood Shah at Muslim Hands for partially financing this research, also to the Ebrahim Bawany Memorial Scholarship and Muslim Aid for offering a partial scholarship towards my tuition fees. This study would not have been possible without the continued support and cooperation of the Markfield Institute of Higher Education and its staff, including the principal, Dr. Zahid Parvez, the Islamic Foundation’s Library staff, especially brother Abdul Hayee, who passionately helped to acquire most needed literature, and the staff at Nottingham University library, Boots library at Nottingham Trent University, the University of Gloucestershire, and Warwick University and SOAS Library London. Last but not least I would like to thank my whole family for their continues support throughout my studies in many ways; I specially thank Bilal Hussain for offering me innocent advices and reading my work with great excitement. I dedicate this thesis to my father whose moral example has been a constant source of inspiration for me. Also to my grandmother who undertook responsibility for me following the untimely death of my mother. v DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my late father Haji Muhammad Hassan on the 10th anniversary of his death, who sacrificed his today for my tomorrow. I am grateful to him for teaching me to believe in myself, in Allah, and in my dreams, by demonstrating the power of honest earnings and of moral values. To The gentle soul of my mother, who nurtured in me the boundaries between good and evil, and right and wrong - before leaving this world when I was only a child. To My beloved grandmother who taught me how to love unconditionally, how to dedicate your comfort (when you needed the most) for someone you love. May your souls rest in eternal peace. vi DECLARATION I declare that the work in this thesis is carried out in accordance with the regulations of the University of Gloucestershire and is original except where indicated by specific reference in the text. No part of this thesis has been submitted as part of any other academic award. The thesis has not been presented to any other educational institution in the United Kingdom or overseas. Any views expressed in the thesis are those of the author and in no way represent those of the University. Signed Date. 31-12-2016 vii ABBREVIATIONS AC – Assistant Commissioner AJK- Azad Jammu and Kashmir AK- Azad Kashmir ATI- Anjuman Talaba-e-Islam DC- Deputy Commissioner FIR- First Investigative Repot GB- Gilgit Baltistan GS- Gulhar Sharif IAJK- India Administered Jammu and Kashmir JI- Jamat-e-Islami JK- Jammu and Kashmir JKAT- Jammu & Kashmir Awami Tehreek JKLF- Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front JTI – Jamait Talaba-e-Islami JUP- Jami‘at Ulama-e- Pakistan KPK- Khyber Pakhtunkhwa LOC- Line of Control MC - Muslim Conference MQ- Minhaj-ul-Qur’an NGO- Non-Governmental Organisation NSMT- New Social Movement Theories PAJK- Pakistan Administered Jammu and Kashmir PAT- Pakistan Awami Tehreek PM- Prime Minister PML- Pakistan Muslim League viii PMLN- Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz PP- People’s Party PPP- Pakistan People’s Party PSF - People Student Federation PTI- Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf PTV - Pakistan Television RM- Resource Mobilization RMT- Resource Mobilization Theory RWP- Rawalpindi SHO - Station House Officer SJO- Semi Jamat Organisation SMO- Social Movement Organisation SMT- Social Movement Theory UK - United Kingdom UN- United Nations US - United States ix TRANSLITERATION I use the transliteration of Arabic according to current usage in the relevant literature as simply as possible to prevent any confusion.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Role of Deobandi Ulema in Strengthening the Foundations of Indian Freedom Movement (1857-1924)
    The Role of Deobandi Ulema in Strengthening the Foundations of Indian Freedom Movement (1857-1924) The Role of Deobandi Ulema in Strengthening the Foundations of Indian Freedom Movement (1857-1924) * Turab-ul-Hassan Sargana **Khalil Ahmed ***Shahid Hassan Rizvi Abstract The main objective of the present study is to explain the role of the Deobandi faction of scholars in Indian Freedom Movement. In fact, there had been different schools of thought who supported the Movement and their works and achievements cannot be forgotten. Historically, Ulema played a key role in the politics of subcontinent and the contribution of Dar ul Uloom Deoband, Mazahir-ul- Uloom (Saharanpur), Madrassa Qasim-ul-Uloom( Muradabad), famous madaris of Deobandi faction is a settled fact. Their role became both effective and emphatic with the passage of time when they sided with the All India Muslim League. Their role and services in this historic episode is the focus of the study in hand. Keywords: Deoband, Aligarh Movement, Khilafat, Muslim League, Congress Ulama in Politics: Retrospect: Besides performing their religious obligations, the religious ulema also took part in the War of Freedom 1857, similar to the other Indians, and it was only due to their active participation that the movement became in line and determined. These ulema used the pen and sword to fight against the British and it is also a fact that ordinary causes of 1857 War were blazed by these ulema. Mian Muhammad Shafi writes: Who says that the fire lit by Sayyid Ahmad was extinguished or it had cooled down? These were the people who encouraged Muslims and the Hindus to fight against the British in 1857.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Name of Krishna: the Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town
    In the Name of Krishna: The Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Sugata Ray IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Frederick M. Asher, Advisor April 2012 © Sugata Ray 2012 Acknowledgements They say writing a dissertation is a lonely and arduous task. But, I am fortunate to have found friends, colleagues, and mentors who have inspired me to make this laborious task far from arduous. It was Frederick M. Asher, my advisor, who inspired me to turn to places where art historians do not usually venture. The temple city of Khajuraho is not just the exquisite 11th-century temples at the site. Rather, the 11th-century temples are part of a larger visuality that extends to contemporary civic monuments in the city center, Rick suggested in the first class that I took with him. I learnt to move across time and space. To understand modern Vrindavan, one would have to look at its Mughal past; to understand temple architecture, one would have to look for rebellions in the colonial archive. Catherine B. Asher gave me the gift of the Mughal world – a world that I only barely knew before I met her. Today, I speak of the Islamicate world of colonial Vrindavan. Cathy walked me through Mughal mosques, tombs, and gardens on many cold wintry days in Minneapolis and on a hot summer day in Sasaram, Bihar. The Islamicate Krishna in my dissertation thus came into being.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangladesh Decision – 28Th July 2018
    Bangladesh Decision – 28th July 2018 Today on 28th July 2018 under the guidance of the Ulama of Bangladesh, the elders of the effort and the government of Bangladesh, approximately 600,000 to 700,000 people gathered in Dhaka. The following six matters were agreed: 1) Jamhoor Ulama are unanimous that because of three reasons, following Moulana Muhammad Saad Kandhlawi is not permissible. a) Incorrect and personalised interpretations of the Quran and Hadith. b) To enhance the importance of the effort of Dawah, resorting to degrading other efforts of Deen. c) Moving away from the methodology of the previous three elders; Hazrat Moulana Muhammad Ilyas (R), Hazrat Moulana Muhammad Yusuf (R) and Hazrat Moulana Inamul Hasan (R). 2) The disregard of Moulana Muhammad Saad of the Shura methodology adopted by Hazrat Moulana Inamul Hasan (R) and his insistence upon being Amir. This will not be accepted in Kakrail in any form. 3) Darul Uloom Deoband’s fear that Moulana Muhammad Saad has moved away from the ideology of Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama’ah and has resorted to create another group. Therefore, at the moment it is strongly advised that no Bangladeshi Jamat etc travels to Nizamuddin. Similarly, no Jamat from Nizamuddin will be allowed a route in any area of Bangladesh. 4) The effort of Dawah has gained acceptance as per the methodology adopted by the previous three elders. Therefore, this effort will continue on this methodology and under the guidance of the elders of Deoband. No new methodology will be adopted. Kajrail, Tongi an all other Marakiz will work accordingly only.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ultimate Dimension of Life’ During His(RA) Lifetime
    ABOUT THE BOOK This book unveils the glory and marvellous reality of a spiritual and ascetic personality who followed a rare Sufi Order called ‘Malamatia’ (The Carrier of Blame). Being his(RA) chosen Waris and an ardent follower, the learned and blessed author of the book has narrated the sacred life style and concern of this exalted Sufi in such a profound style that a reader gets immersed in the mystic realities of spiritual life. This book reflects the true essence of the message of Islam and underscores the need for imbibing within us, a humane attitude of peace, amity, humility, compassion, characterized by selfless THE ULTIMATE and passionate love for the suffering humanity; disregarding all prejudices DIMENSION OF LIFE and bias relating to caste, creed, An English translation of the book ‘Qurb-e-Haq’ written on the colour, nationality or religion. Surely, ascetic life and spiritual contemplations of Hazrat Makhdoom the readers would get enlightened on Syed Safdar Ali Bukhari (RA), popularly known as Qalandar the purpose of creation of the Pak Baba Bukhari Kakian Wali Sarkar. His(RA) most devout mankind by The God Almighty, and follower Mr Syed Shakir Uzair who was fondly called by which had been the point of focus and Qalandar Pak(RA) as ‘Syed Baba’ has authored the book. He has been an all-time enthusiast and zealous adorer of Qalandar objective of the Holy Prophet Pak(RA), as well as an accomplished and acclaimed senior Muhammad PBUH. It touches the Producer & Director of PTV. In his illustrious career spanning most pertinent subject in the current over four decades, he produced and directed many famous PTV times marred by hatred, greed, lust, Plays, Drama Serials and Programs including the breathtaking despondency, affliction, destruction, and amazing program ‘Al-Rehman’ and the magnificient ‘Qaseeda Burda Sharif’.
    [Show full text]
  • AJK at a Glance 2009
    1 2 3 DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO General Azad Jammu and Kashmir lies between longitude 730 - 750 and latitude of 33o - 36o and comprises of an area of 5134 Square Miles (13297 Square Kilometers). The topography of the area is mainly hilly and mountainous with valleys and stretches of plains. Azad Kashmir is bestowed with natural beauty having thick forests, fast flowing rivers and winding streams, main rivers are Jehlum, Neelum and Poonch. The climate is sub-tropical highland type with an average yearly rainfall of 1300 mm. The elevation from sea level ranges from 360 meters in the south to 6325 meters in the north. The snow line in winter is around 1200 meters above sea level while in summer, it rises to 3300 meters. According to the 1998 population census the state of Azad Jammu & Kashmir had a population of 2.973 million, which is estimated to have grown to 3.868 million in 2009. Almost 100% population comprises of Muslims. The Rural: urban population ratio is 88:12. The population density is 291 persons per Sq. Km. Literacy rate which was 55% in 1998 census has now raised to 64%. Approximately the infant mortality rate is 56 per 1000 live births, whereas the immunization rate for the children under 5 years of age is more than 95%. The majority of the rural population depends on forestry, livestock, agriculture and non- formal employment to eke out its subsistence. Average per capita income has been estimated to be 1042 US$*. Unemployment ranges from 6.0 to 6.5%. In line with the National trends, indicators of social sector particularly health and population have not shown much proficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Aamir, A. (2015a, June 27). Interview with Syed Fazl-e-Haider: Fully operational Gwadar Port under Chinese control upsets key regional players. The Balochistan Point. Accessed February 7, 2019, from http://thebalochistanpoint.com/interview-fully-operational-gwadar-port-under- chinese-control-upsets-key-regional-players/ Aamir, A. (2015b, February 7). Pak-China Economic Corridor. Pakistan Today. Aamir, A. (2017, December 31). The Baloch’s concerns. The News International. Aamir, A. (2018a, August 17). ISIS threatens China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. China-US Focus. Accessed February 7, 2019, from https://www.chinausfocus.com/peace-security/isis-threatens- china-pakistan-economic-corridor Aamir, A. (2018b, July 25). Religious violence jeopardises China’s investment in Pakistan. Financial Times. Abbas, Z. (2000, November 17). Pakistan faces brain drain. BBC. Abbas, H. (2007, March 29). Transforming Pakistan’s frontier corps. Terrorism Monitor, 5(6). Abbas, H. (2011, February). Reforming Pakistan’s police and law enforcement infrastructure is it too flawed to fix? (USIP Special Report, No. 266). Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP). Abbas, N., & Rasmussen, S. E. (2017, November 27). Pakistani law minister quits after weeks of anti-blasphemy protests. The Guardian. Abbasi, N. M. (2009). The EU and Democracy building in Pakistan. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Accessed February 7, 2019, from https:// www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/chapters/the-role-of-the-european-union-in-democ racy-building/eu-democracy-building-discussion-paper-29.pdf Abbasi, A. (2017, April 13). CPEC sect without project director, key specialists. The News International. Abbasi, S. K. (2018, May 24).
    [Show full text]
  • University Newsletter 2017 (Vol-Ii)
    Contact: +925826-960044 : [email protected] UNIVERSITY OF KOTLI Azad Jammu and Kashmir UNIVERSITY NEWSLETTER 2017 (VOL-II) EDITORIAL BOARD PATRON IN CHIEF PROF.DR. SYED DIL NAWAZ AHMAD GARDEZI PATRON DR. SABAHAT AKRAM CHIEF EDITOR SHAHID HUSSAIN MIR CO-EDITOR MR ZAFAR IQBAL CO-EDITOR MR KEFAYAT NAQVI MEMBERS MR RAJA ZAFAR ISHAQ MR HAROON AHMED MR FAHEEM ASLAM MS AFSHAN AHMED INSIDE STORIES SEMINARS CONFERENCES WORKSHOPS TRAININGS VISITS STUDY TOURS DEBATES/SPEECHES MEETINGS DEVELOPMENTS APPOINTMENTS NEWSLETTER 2017 MESSAGE FROM THE VICE CHANCELLOR It is indeed a matter of great pleasure and honor that I have taken up the baton of University of Kotli as its 2nd Vice Chancellor, an institution of significance for imparting knowledge and promoting research in the region, since its establishment in 2014. As a new Vice Chancellor of the University, I am committed to make this University among one of the high ranking institutions of the country in every respect. In order to achieve this goal, I would fully utilize my energies, experience and potentials. As University of Kotli ushers into its fourth academic year and achieved significant milestones and there is much that the institute has yet to be achieved in coming years. Higher Education and creation are key sources for the enlightening & developing communities, nations and will be highly sought-after within Pakistan and around the world. Our challenge is to generate ideas that will benefit society, and to educate and train people to work in fields where they will be valued both for their specialized knowledge, and their ability to research, and derive solutions of problems through discussion.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo­ Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
    INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and w h itephotographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Accessing the World'sUMI Information since 1938 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8824569 The architecture of Firuz Shah Tughluq McKibben, William Jeffrey, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by McKibben, William Jeflfrey. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Jahanpanah Part of the Sarai Shahji Village As a Place for Travellers to Stay
    CORONATION PARK 3. SARAI SHAHJI MAHAL 5. KHARBUZE KA GUMBAD a walk around The Sarai Shahji Mahal is best approached from the main Geetanjali This is an interesting, yet bizarre little structure, Road that cuts through Malviya Nagar rather than from the Begumpur located within the premises of a Montessori village. The mahal (palace) and many surrounding buildings were school in the residential neighbourhood of Jahanpanah part of the Sarai Shahji village as a place for travellers to stay. Of the Delhi Metro Sadhana Enclave in Malviya Nagar. It is essentially Route 6 two Mughal buildings, the fi rst is a rectangular building with a large a small pavilion structure and gets its name from Civil Ho Ho Bus Route courtyard in the centre that houses several graves. Towards the west, is the tiny dome, carved out of solid stone and Lines a three-bay dalan (colonnaded verandah) with pyramidal roofs, which placed at its very top, that has the appearance of Heritage Route was once a mosque. a half-sliced melon. It is believed that Sheikh The other building is a slightly more elaborate apartment in the Kabir-ud-din Auliya, buried in the Lal form of a tower. The single room is entered through a set of three Gumbad spent his days under this doorways set within a large arch. The noticeable feature here is a dome and the night in the cave located SHAHJAHANABAD Red Fort balcony-like projection over the doorway which is supported by below it. The building has been dated carved red sandstone brackets.
    [Show full text]
  • The Muslim 500 2011
    The Muslim 500 � 2011 The Muslim The 500 The Muslim 500 � 2011 The Muslim The 500 The Muslim 500The The Muslim � 2011 500———————�——————— THE 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS ———————�——————— � 2 011 � � THE 500 MOST � INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- The Muslim 500: The 500 Most Influential Muslims duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic 2011 (First Edition) or mechanic, inclding photocopying or recording or by any ISBN: 978-9975-428-37-2 information storage and retrieval system, without the prior · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily re- Chief Editor: Prof. S. Abdallah Schleifer flect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Researchers: Aftab Ahmed, Samir Ahmed, Zeinab Asfour, Photo of Abdul Hakim Murad provided courtesy of Aiysha Besim Bruncaj, Sulmaan Hanif, Lamya Al-Khraisha, and Malik. Mai Al-Khraisha Image Copyrights: #29 Bazuki Muhammad / Reuters (Page Designed & typeset by: Besim Bruncaj 75); #47 Wang zhou bj / AP (Page 84) Technical consultant: Simon Hart Calligraphy and ornaments throughout the book used courtesy of Irada (http://www.IradaArts.com). Special thanks to: Dr Joseph Lumbard, Amer Hamid, Sun- dus Kelani, Mohammad Husni Naghawai, and Basim Salim. English set in Garamond Premiere
    [Show full text]
  • Cumulative Merit List
    Cummulative Merit List of Shifa College of Medicine (Session: 2020-2021)- Dated: 5th February 2021 After completion of interview process following is the merit list of all the students who appeared in the interviews. The first 100 students will be offered admission in MBBS at SCM in first list. Deadline for fee submission is 4:00 pm on Monday, February 8th, 2021. After lapse of deadline, the remaining vacant seats would be offered to the students next in the merit list. Errors, omissions accepted till 10am on 8th February, 2021. PMC S.No applicationnu Name Father's Name Merit # mber 1 21623 HAMZAH NAUSHAD SIDDIQUI NAUSHAD ABID 93.200 2 14752 MARYAM RAUF Muhammad Rauf 91.632 3 22652 Amal Shahzad Khan Shahzad Khan 91.180 4 28526 MUHAMMAD UMAR RAFIQUE MUHAMMAD ZAFAR RAFIQUE 91.036 5 20640 Talha Rasool Sajjad Rasool Chaudhary 90.282 6 18267 EESHA RIZWAN RIZWAN AHMED 90.045 7 12964 Umar Fakhar Nawaid Fakhar 89.890 8 19618 Raveen Fatima Syed Asif Abbas Bukhari 89.850 9 13475 Syed Ali Turab Syed Sajjad Hussain Shah 89.755 10 31173 Muhammad Ahmed Bajwa Muhammad Farooq Bajwa 89.650 11 13678 MUHAMMAD MEHDI ALI ASAD ALI 89.577 12 21597 Aliza Syed Syed Nadeem Sadiq 89.559 13 15152 Muhammad Sajeel Turab Abu Turab 89.514 14 12109 Manahil Imran Imran Khalid 89.494 15 30637 Zuhayr Arif Jabbar Khan Arif Jabbar Khan 89.477 16 11849 Muhammad Muneeb Warriach Adnan Akbar 89.464 17 13779 MUHAMMAD AMMAD SALEEM MUHAMMAD SALEEM JAVAID 89.427 18 26793 Fatima Usman Usman Khalid 89.354 19 17319 Sayyeda Farooq Bajwa Farooq Amin Bajwa 89.323 20 13675 Alizeh Naeem
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri GLOSSARY
    An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri GLOSSARY Braj B Kachru Kashmir News Network http://koshur.org/SpokenKashmiri A Basic Course and Referene Manual for Learning and Teaching Kashmiri as a Second Language PART II GLOSSARY BRAJ B. KACHRU Department of Linguistics, University of lllinois Urban, lllinois 61810 U.S.A June, 1973 The research project herein was performed pursuant to a contract with the United States Office of Education, Department of health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C. Contract No. OEC-0-70-3981 Project Director and Principal Investigator: Braj B. Kachru, Department of Linguistics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, U.S.A. Disclaimer: We present this material as is, and assume no responsibility for its quality, any loss and/or damages. © 2006 Braj B. Kachru. All Rights Reserved. Kashmir News Network http://koshur.org/SpokenKashmiri Kashmir News Network http://koshur.org/SpokenKashmiri An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri - GLOSSARY by Braj B. Kachru TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ....................................................................................................1 GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................2 ABBREVIATIONS .........................................................................................3 1.0 KASHMIRI-ENGLISH ........................................................................ 1-4 2.0 ENGLISH-KASHMIRI ...................................................................... 2-32 3.0 A PARTIAL LIST OF ENGLISH
    [Show full text]