RICHARD P. HARPER

TWO CARlAN NOTES 1. THE WANDERING OF ZEUS LEPSYNUS As a result of an invitation from Do<;. Dr. Umit Serdaroglu, director of the current series of excavations at Euromos in Caria, I have undertaken to prepare for publication the rich finds of epi­ graphic material recently discovered there, and to reconsider pre­ viously recorded inscriptions in the neighbourhood. The excava­ tions so far have centred on the disengagement and restoration of the well-known extra-mural Roman temple 1. The inscription on the cella doorwary proclaims the dedication to Zeus with the frag­ mentary epithet Ae[~uvoc;. The same epithet appears three more times among the new inscriptions, the clearest example being a Hellenistic honorific decree of Euromos in favour of Amyntes son of Ainees, which contains the phrase (11. 14-16):

&VIXypcX~IXL as: 'r0 ~~tpLO"{J- [IX 'rOU'rO EV 'r«! tep«!] 'rOU ~LOC; 'rOU Ae~uvou EV 'r«! [EmtpIXveO"'rcX'r«! 'r6-] 7tcp: In one other inscription, which is a very special case, Zeus is de­ scribed as xpYl'rIXyev~c;. The epithet Lepsynos had been recorded al­ ready in the vicinity in the form Ae~Lvoc; at 'Mandeliat' 2, now the nearby small town of Selimiye, or at 'Kezeldjik - Keui' (i.e. KIZIIClk kay) which is even nearer to Ayakh - Euromos. The excellent note stated that this was a new local epithet of Zeus and correctly com­ pared it with Apollo Lepsieus. There should therefore have been no problem since 1870 in assigning the epithet Lepsynus to the Zeus of Euromos even in the absence of the new inscriptions. Scholarship has disposed otherwise.

1 Notes on the excavation appear in recent volumes of Anatolian Studies and AJ A. A recent account of Euromos appears in G. E. Bean, Turkey beyond the Maeander, London 1971, 45-48, also in a popular work: S. Haynes, Land of the Chimaera, London 1974, 19-20. Earlier accounts are listed and supple­ mented by A. Laumonier, Les cultes indigenes en Carie [= BEFAR 188J, Paris 1958, 164-175. 2 Le Bas-Waddington 319. TWO CARlAN NOTES

Th. Wiegand in 1908 noted in his 6th preliminary report of ex­ cavations at Miletus and Didyma 3 that among the altars found in the excavation was one dedicated to Zeus Lepsynus. Schafer, thanks to a letter from Wiegand, could be more specific in his thesis 4. It was "una e multis aris domesticis in superiore strato inventis". Nevertheless he failed to read the evidence he had thus acquired. Six other of the Milesian altars were of Zeus Labraundios and the inference is that his worship or worshippers had migrated from Mylasa/Labraunda to Miletus. Faced with the one altar at Euromos, the one at Miletus and the offshore island of Lepsia, the opposite construction was posited, a cult originating on Lepsia and migrat­ ing through Miletus to Euromos. This neglected also the point that if a connection with Lepsia is required at all it can readily be made by the Bay of Varvil and the port of Iasos. Schafer's reasoning was adopted wholesale by Laumonier 5. As an awful warning of the necessity to sort out these finer points an inscription of Iasos must be considered. D. Levi and G. Pugliese Caratelli published as no. 4 of their 'Nuove iscrizioni di Iasos' 6 the latter part of a decree by another city for one Pantainos of Iasos. It included the phrase E'I 't'cj) L::pcj) 't'ou ~~O~ 't'ou Ae;~u'lou and this coupled with a too brief reference to Laumonier led the editors boldly to assign the decree to Miletus. L. Robert at once noted the weakness of this argument 7 and preferred Euromos, apparently without feeling the ground strong enough then to prove the point, ... "nous serons fixes un jour par quelque document paralleie ... "he predicted. The quoted phrase and other similar language in this text at Iasos and in that in honour of Amyntes at Euromos remove all possible doubt that the text at Iasos is a decree of the city of Euromos, where Zeus Lepsynos is now securely fixed.

3 Th. Wiegand, 6. Vorlaufiger Bericht uber die von den Koniglichen Museen in Milet und Didyma unternommenen Ausgrabungen, SBBerlin I908, 27. 4 ]. o. Schafer, De love apud Cares culto[= Diss. phil. Halenses 20,4], Diss. Halle I9I2. 5 Laumonier, Les cultes indigenes en Carie I74. 6 D. Levi - D. Pugliese Caratelli, Nuove iscrizioni di lasos, ASAthene 39-40 (I96I/62) 576ff. 7 L. Robert, Nouvelles inscriptions d'lasos, REA 65 (I963) 308, and BullEp. I964,455·