The First Urban Churches 3 Ephesus

THE FIRST URBAN CHURCHES 3 EPHESUS

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SBL WRITINGS FROM THE GRECO-ROMAN WORLD SUPPLEMENT SERIES

Clare K. Rothschild, General Editor

Number 9

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SBL THE FIRST URBAN CHURCHES 3 EPHESUS

Edited by James R. Harrison and L. L. Welborn

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SBL Atlanta

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

First urban churches / edited by James R. Harrison and L. L. Welborn. volumes cm. — (Society of Biblical Literature. Writings from the Greco-Roman world Supplement series ; Number 7) Includes bibliographical references. Contents: 1. Methodological foundations.

ISBN 978-1-62837-102-4 (v. 1 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-62837-104-8 (v. 1 : ebook) — ISBN 978-1-62837-103-1 (v. 1 : hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-88414-111-2 (v. 2 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-88414-112-9 (v. 2 : ebook) — ISBN 978-0-88414-113-6 (v. 2 : hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-88414-234-8 (v. 3 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-88414-235-5 (v. 3 : ebook) — ISBN 978-0-88414-236-2 (v. 3 : hardcover : alk. paper)

1. City churches. 2. Church history—Primitive and early church, ca. 30–600. 3. Cities and towns—Religious aspects—Christianity. I. Harrison, James R., 1952– editor. BV637.F57 2015 270.109173'2—dc23 Press 2015021858

Printed on acid-free paper. SBL Contents

Abbreviations...... vii

An Epigraphic Portrait of Ephesus and Its Villages James R. Harrison...... 1

An Ephesian Tale: Mystery Cults, Reverse Theological Engineering, and the Triumph of Christianity in Ephesus Guy MacLean Rogers...... 69

The Jewish Community in Ephesus and Its Interaction with Christ-Believers in the First Century CE and Beyond Paul Trebilco...... 93

Acclaiming Artemis in Ephesus: Political Theologies in Acts 19 Bradley J. Bitner...... 127

The Gladiator Graveyard of Ephesus as Evidence for the Study of Martyrdom Mikael Haxby...... 171

Ἐκκλησία in Ephesians as Godlike in the Heavens, in Temple, in γάμος, and in Armor: Ideology and Iconography in Ephesus and Its Environs Press Fredrick J. Long...... 193

From Zeus or by Endoios? Acts 19:35 as a Peculiar Assessment of the Ephesian Artemis Stephan Witetschek...... 235 SBL vi Contents

Ephesian Cultic Officials, Their Benefactors, and the Quest for Civic Virtue: Paul’s Alternative Quest for Status in the Epistle to the Ephesians James R. Harrison...... 253

Ephesus and the Numismatic Background to νεωκόρος Michael P. Theophilos...... 299

Contributors...... 333 Primary Sources Index...... 337 Modern Authors Index...... 355

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SBL Abbreviations

Primary Sources

1 Apol. Justin, Apologia 1 1 Macc 1 Maccabees 1QM War Scroll 1QpHab Pesher Habakkuk 2 Bar. 2 Baruch Ad Aen. Servius, Ad Aeneid Agalm. Porphyry, Peri agalmatōn Ag. Ap. Josephus, Against Apion Ann. Tacitus, Annales Ant. Josephus, Jewish Antiquities Anth. Gr. Anthologia Graeca Ant. rom Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates romanae Apoc. Sedr. Apocalypse of Sedrach Apol. Lucian, Apologia Ars Horace, Ars poetica Astr. Manilius, Astronomica Aug. Seneca, Divus augusta; Suetonius, Divus Augustus Bel Bel and the Dragon Ben. Seneca, De beneficiis Car. Historia Augusta, Caracalla Carm. Catullus, CarminaPress Clem. Seneca, De clementia Comp. Galen, De comparanda medicina Conc. Apam. Dio Chrysostom, De Concordia cum Apamensibus (Or. 40) Dei cogn. Dio Chrysostom, De dei cognition (Or. 12) Deipn. Athenaeus, Deipnosophistai Descr. Pausanias, Graeciae descriptio

SBL-vii - viii Abbreviations

Diatr. Musonius Rufus, Diatribai Diogn. Diognetus Ep. Martial, Epigrams; Seneca, Epistulae morales Eph. Ignatius, Letter to the Ephesians Epict. diss. Arrian, Epicteti dissertationes Fug. Philo, De fuga et inventione Geog. Dionysius Periegetes, Geographical Description of the Inhabited World; Strabo, Geographica Geor. Vergil, Georgica Hist. Livy, Historia Romae Hist. Alex. Q. Curtius Rufus, Historiae Alexandri Magni Mace- donensis Hist. Aug. Historia Augusta Hist. eccl. Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica Hist. rom. Cassius Dio, Historia Romana; Velleius, Historia Romana Hom. Act. John Chrysostom, Homiliae in Acta apostolorum Inst. Quintilian, Institutio oratoria Iph. taur. Euripides, Iphigenia taurica J.W. Josephus, Jewish War Leg. Athenagoras, Legatio pro Christianis; Cicero, De legibus Legat. Philo, Legatio ad Gaium Leuc. Clit. Achilles Tatius, Leucippe et Clitophon Ling. Varro, De lingua latina LXX Septuagint Magn. Ignatius, Letter to the Magnesians Mart. Tertullian, Ad martyras Mart. Pol. Martyrdom of Polycarp Metam. Apuleius, Metamorphoses; Ovid, Metamorphoses Mos. Philo, De vita Mosis MT Masoretic Text Press Nat. Pliny, Naturalis historia Nat. d. Cicero, De natura deorum Onom. Julius Pollux, Onomasticon Or. Dio Chrysostom, Orationes Peregr. Lucian, De morte peregrini Pers. Aeschylus, Persae Phld. SBLIgnatius, Letter to the Philadelphians Abbreviations ix

Praem Philo, De praemiis et poenis Praep. ev. Praeparatio evangelica Ps. Sol Psalms of Solomon QG Questions and Answers on Genesis Rep. Cicero, De republica Rhod. Dio Chrysostom, Rhodiaca (Or. 31) Sat. Horace, Satirae; Persius, Satirae Satyr. Petronius, Satyricon Sib. Or. Sibylline Oracles Spec. Philo, De specialibus legibus Spect. Tertullian, De spectaculis Stoic. rep. Plutarch, De Stoicorum repugnantiis Strat. Polyaenus, Stratagemata T. Benj. Testament of Benjamin T. Job Testament of Job Theb. Statius, Thebaid Tib. Suetonius, Tiberius Tob Tobit Tranq. Seneca, De tranquillitate animi Troph. dyn. Galen, Peri trophon dynameos Tu. san. Plutarch, De tuenda sanitate praecepta Vesp. Aristophanes, Vespae Vit. beat. Seneca, De vita beata Wis Wisdom of Solomon

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AJA American Journal of Archaeology AJEC Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity AK Archiv für Kulturgeschichte ANF Roberts, Alexander, and James Donaldson. The Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A.D. 325. 10 vols. Buffalo: Christian Literature, 1885–1887. ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung. Part 2, Principat. Edited by Hildegard Temporini and Wolfgang Haase. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1972–. ANSMN American Numismatic Society Museum Notes Antichthon Antichthon: Journal of the Australian Society for Classical Studies AÖAWPH Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wis- senschaften—philosophisch-historischen Klasse APSP American Philosophical Society Proceedings AR Archiv für Religionswissenschaft Arch Archaeology ASV American Standard Version AZGKJ Aschkenas: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur der Juden BA Biblical Archaeologist BAGD Bauer, Walter, William F. Arndt, F. Wilbur Gingrich, and Frederick W. Danker. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. BAR Biblical Archaeology Review BASOR Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research BBR Bulletin for BiblicalPress Research BCH Bulletin de correspondance hellénique BDAG Danker, Frederick W., Walter Bauer, William F. Arndt, and F. Wilbur Gingrich. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. BDF SBLBlass, Friedrich, Albert Debrunner, and Robert Abbreviations xi

W. Funk. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. BECNT Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament BEFAR Bibliothèque des écoles françaises d’Athenes et de Rome BEHEH Bibliothèque de l’École des hautes études, ive section: Sciences historiques et philologiques BerMatÖAI Berichte und Materialen herausgegeben vom Öster- reichischen Archäologischen Institut BETL Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium BHGNT Baylor Handbook on the Greek New Testament BHL Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics Bib Biblica BIS Biblical Interpretation Series BJS Brown Judaic Studies BKG Bilkent Kültür Girişimi BMC Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum. Edited by Harold Mattingly and R. A. G. Robert Andrew Glindinning Carson. 6 vols. London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1923–1962. BNTC Blackwell’s New Testament Commentaries BP The Bible and Postcolonialism BS Mazar, Benjamin, Moshe Schwabe, Baruch Lifshitz, and Nahman Avigad, eds. Beth Sheʿarim. English ed. 3 vols. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1973–1976. BSGRE Brill Studies in Greek and Roman Epigraphy BSL Biblical Studies Library BTB Biblical TheologyPress Bulletin BTS Biblical Tools and Studies BTTK Belleten Türk Tarih Kurumu BZ Biblische Zeitschrift BZNW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fur die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft CAH Cambridge Ancient History CBET SBLContributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology xii Abbreviations

CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CCCHBulg Coin Collections and Coin Hoards from Bulgaria CCR Cambridge Companions to Religion CCS Cincinnati Classical Studies CCSA Corpus Christianorum: Series Apocryphorum CGCI Head, Barclay V. Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Ionia. Edited by Reginald Stuart Poole. A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum 14. London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1892. Coins referenced are in the Ephesus section. CH Church History CIG Boeckh, August, ed. Corpus inscriptionum graeca rum. 4 vols. Berlin: Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1828-1877. CIL Mommsen, Theodor, et al., eds. Corpus Inscriptio- num Latinarum. Berlin: Reimerus, 1862–. CIRC Cambridge Introduction to Roman Civilization CJ Classical Journal CL Collection Latomus CNT Commentaire du Nouveau Testament Colloq Colloquium COMES Civitatum Orbis Mediterranei Studia ConBNT Coniectanea Biblica: New Testament Series CPJ Tcherikover, Victor A, Alexander Fuks, and Menachem Stern, eds., with an epigraphical contribution by David M. Lewis. Corpus Papyrorum Iudaicarum. 3 vols. Jerusalem: Hebrew University; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957–1964. CQ Catholic Quarterly CSJud Studies in Christianity and Judaism/Études sur le christianisme et lePress judaïsme DEAR Ruggiero, Ettore de, ed. Dizionario epigráfico di antichità romane. 4 vols. Rome: Pasqualucci, 1895– 1919. DNP Cancik, Hubert, and Helmuth Schneider. Der neue Pauly: Enzyklopädie der Antike. 16 vols. Stuttgart: SBLMetzler, 1996–2003. Abbreviations xiii

DocsAug Ehrenberg, Victor, and A. H. M. Jones, eds. Documents Illustrating the Reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. Oxford: Clarendon, 1949. DRB Douay-Rheims Bible EBib Etudes bibliques EC Early Christianity ECAM Early Christianity in Asia Minor EHS.G Europäische Hochschulschriften, Reihe 3, Geschichte und ihre Hilfswissenschaften. EIL Wilmanns, Gustavus. Exempla inscriptionum Lati- narum in usum praecipue academicum. 2 vols. Berlin: Weidmannos, 1873. EJÖAI Erganzungshefte zu den Jahresheften des Öster- reichischen Archaologischen Institutes EKKNT Evangelisch-Katholischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament EP Evangelical Perspectives ESV English Standard Version ETSP E. Togo Salmon Papers FBBS Facet Books, Biblical Series FES Oberlietner, Wolfgang, ed. Funde aus Ephesos und Samothrake. Vol. 2 of Katalog der Antikensamm- lung. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum, 1978. FiE Forschungen in Ephesos FSI Forensic Science International GCRW Greek Culture in the Roman World GRBS Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies GSCLA Gorgias Studies in Classical and Late Antiquity GW God’s Word Translation HAG Homer Archaeological Guides HCSB Holman Christian Standard Bible Historia Historia: ZeitschriftPress für alte Geschichte HMCH Hidryma Meletōn Chersonēsou tou Haimou HS Hellenic Studies HSCP Harvard Studies in Classical Philology HTR Harvard Theological Review HTS Harvard Theological Studies HUT SBLHermeneutische Untersuchungen zur Theologie xiv Abbreviations

HvTSt Hervormde Teologiese Studies (HTS Teologiese Stud- ies/HTS Theological Studies) Hypomnemata Hypomnemata: Untersuchungen zur Antike und zu ihrer Nachleben IAG Moretti, Luigi. Iscrizioni agonistiche greche. Rome: Signorelli, 1953. IBM The Collection of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the British Museum. 4 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1874– 1916. ICC International Critical Commentary IEph Wankel, Hermann, et al., eds. Die Inschriften von Ephesos. 8 vols. in 11. IK 11–17. Bonn: Habelt, 1979–1984. IErythrai Engelmann, Helmut, and Reinhold Merkelbach. Die Inschriften von Erythrai und Klazomenai. IK 1. Bonn: Habelt, 1972. IF Istanbuler Forschungen IFS In the Footsteps of the Saints IG Inscriptiones Graecae. Editio Minor. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1924–. IJHS International Journal of the History of Sport IJO Noy, David, et al., eds. Inscriptiones Judaicae Ori- entis. 3 vols. TSAJ 99, 101, 102. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2004. IK Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien IKyme Engelmann, Helmut, ed. Die Inschriften von Kyme. IK 5. Bonn: Habelt, 1976 IMagnMai Kern, Otto. Die Inschriften von Magnesia am Mean- der. Berlin: Spemann, 1900. IPergamon Fränkel, Max, and Christian Habicht, eds. Die Inschriften von Pergamon. 2 vols. Altertümer von Pergamon 8. Berlin:Press Spemann, 1890–1895. IPriene Blümel, Wolfgang, and Reinhold Merkelbach, eds., in collaboration with Frank Rumscheid. Inschriften von Priene. IK 69. Berlin: Habelt, 1906. ISmyrna Petzl, Georg, ed. Die Inschriften von Smyrna. 2 vols. in 3 parts. IK 23–24. Bonn: Habelt, 1982–1990. SBL Abbreviations xv

IStratonikeia Şahin, Mehmet Çetin, ed. Die Inschriften von Stra- tonikeia. 2 vols. in 3 parts. IK 21–22. Bonn: Habelt, 1981–1990. ITS International Theological Studies JAC Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum JASP Jutland Archaeological Society Publications JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JDAI Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society JGRChJ Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism JHS Journal of Hellenic Studies JL Jerome Lectures JNAA Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia JNG Jahrbuch für Nümismatik und Geldgeschichte JÖAI Jahreshefte des Österreichischen archaologischen Instituts JRA Journal of Roman Archaeology JRASup Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement JRS Journal of Roman Studies JRSM Journal of Roman Studies Monographs JSH Journal of Sport History JSJSup Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament JSNTSup Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JTS Journal of Theological Studies KEK Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar uber das Neue Testament KernosSup Kernos Supplément KJV King James Version KTAH Key Themes in PressAncient History LBS Linguistic Biblical Studies LCL Loeb Classical Library LNTS The Library of New Testament Studies LP Thomasson, Bengt E. Laterculi praesidum. 3 vols. Götteborg: Radius, 1984–1990. SBL xvi Abbreviations

LSJ Liddell, Henry George, Robert Scott, Henry Stuart Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed. with revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon, 1996. MAII Missione archeologica Italiana di Iasos MAMA Calder, W. M., Alan Cameron, J. Cullen, and Barbara Levick, eds. Monumenta Asiae Minoris antiqua. London: Manchester University Press; Longmans, Green, 1928–. MedAnt Mediterraneo Antico MEFR Mélanges de l‘École française de Rome MnemSup Mnemosyne bibliotheca classica Batava supplementum MONG Mitteilungen der Osterreichischen Numismatischen Gesellschaft NA28 Novum Testamentum Graece, Nestle-Aland, 28th ed. NASB New American Standard Bible NC The Numismatic Chronicle NEA Near Eastern Archaeology NedTT Nederlandsch theologisch tijdschrift NET New English Translation NewDocs Horsley, Greg H. R., and Stephen Llewelyn, eds. New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity. North Ryde, NSW: The Ancient History Documen- tary Research Centre, Macquarie University, 1981–. NHMS Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies NICNT New International Commentary on the New Testament NIDNTTE Silva, Moisés, ed. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis. 2nd ed. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2014. NIV New International Version NLT New Living TranslationPress NovT Novum Testamentum NovTSup Supplements to Novum Testamentum NR Numismatique romaine NTL New Testament Library NTOA Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus NTS New Testament Studies NTSR SBLNew Testament for Spiritual Reading Abbreviations xvii

NZ Numismatische Zeitschrift ÖAI Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut ÖAW Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften OCM Oxford Classical Monographs ÖFN Österreichische Forschungsgesellschaft für Numis- matik OGIS Dittenberger, Wilhelm. Orientis graeci inscriptiones selectae. 2 vols. Leipzig: Hirzel, 1903–1905. OLD Glare, P. G. W., ed. Oxford Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon, 1982. Paradosis Paradosis: Contributions to the History of Early Christian Literature and Theology PBSR Papers of the British School at Rome Paideia Paideia: Commentaries on the New Testament PG Migne, Jacques-Paul, ed. Patrologia Graeca [= Patrologiae Cursus Completus: Series Graeca]. 162 vols. Paris: Migne, 1857–1886. PIR Prosopographia Imperii Romani Saeculorum I. II. III. 3 vols. 2nd ed. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1933. P. L on d . Kenyon, Frederic George, H. I. Bell, and Walter Ewing Crum, eds. Greek Papyri in the British Museum. 7 vols. London: British Museum, 1893– 1917. P.Magd. Lesquier, Jean, ed. Papyrus de Magdola: Rédites d’après les originaux. Paris: Leroux, 1912. P.Oxy. Grenfell, Bernard P., et al., eds. The Oxyrhynchus Papyri. London: Egypt Exploration Fund, 1898–. PW Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Alter- tumswissenschaft. New edition by Georg Wissowa and Wilhelm Kroll. 50 vols. in 84 parts. Stuttgart: Metzler & Druckenmüller, 1894–1980. QT Quaderni TicinesePress RAC Klausner, Theodor, et al., eds. Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum. Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1950–. RBS Resources for Biblical Study REG Revue des ètudes grecques RevPhil Revue de philology RGRW SBLReligions in the Graeco-Roman World xviii Abbreviations

RIC Mattingly, Harold, ed. The Roman Imperial Coinage. 10 vols. London: Spink, 1923–1994. Citations of volume 2.1 are to the 2nd edition. RivB Rivista biblica italiana RPC Burnett, Andrew, Michel Amandry, and Pere Pau Ripollès, eds. Roman Provincial Coinage. London: British Museum Press; Paris: Bibliothèque nationale, 1992–. RRA Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity R&T Religion and Theology RSAH Routledge Studies in Ancient History RVV Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten SAAA Studies on the Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles SAPERE Scripta Antiquitatis Posterioris ad Ethicam Religionemque Pertinentia SBG Studies in Biblical Greek SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series SBLSP Society of Biblical Literature Seminar Papers SBS Stuttgarter Bibelstudien SCJud Studies in Christianity and Judaism SCO Studi classici e orientali SEG Supplementum epigraphicum graecum. Amsterdam: Gieben, 1923–. SFCB.SP Spätantike—Frühes Christentum—Byzanz, Reihe B: Studien und Perspektiven SIDA Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis SIG Dittenberger, Wilhelm. Sylloge inscriptionum grae- carum. 3rd ed. 4 vols. Leipzig: Hirzel, 1915–1924. SNGCop Sylloge nummorum Graecorum. The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum. 12 vols. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1942–1979. SNGLewis Carradice, Ian, Pressed. Lewis Collection in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Vol. 6 of Sylloge nummorum Graecorum. 2 parts. London: Oxford University Press, 1972–1992. SNGMün Klose, Dietrich O. A., ed. Ionien. Vol. 20 of Sylloge nummorum Graecorum Deutschland: Staatliche SBLMunzsammlung Munchen. Munich: Hirmer, 1995. Abbreviations xix

SNGParis Sylloge nummorum Graecorum France: Bibliothèque nationale; Cabinet des medailles. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale, 1983–. SNGRighetti Kapossy, Balázs, ed. Katalog der Sammlung Jean- Pierre Righetti im Bernischen Historischen Museum. Vol. 2 of Sylloge nummorum Graecorum Schweiz. Bern: Haupt, 1993. SNGvA Aulock, Hans von, and Gerhard Kleiner, eds. Sammlung von Aulock. Vol. 1 of Sylloge nummorum Graecorum Deutschland. 18 parts. Berlin: Mann, 1957–1968. SNTSMS Society for New Testament Studies Monograph. SNTW Studies of the New Testament and Its World SP Sacra Pagina SR Studies in Religion SSR Studies in Rhetoric and Religion SSRH Sociological Studies in Roman History TAM Kalinka, Ernst, et al., eds. Tituli Asiae Minoris. Vienna: Hoelder, 1901–. TANZ Texte und Arbeiten zum neutestamentlichen Zeital- ter TAPA Transactions of the American Philological Association TDGR Translated Documents of Greece and Rome TDNT Kittel, Gerhard, and Gerhard Friedrich, eds. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley. 10 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964–1976. TENTS Texts and Editions for New Testament Study TNTC Tyndale New Testament Commentaries TOOSup Topoi Orient-Occident Supplément TSAJ Texte und StudienPress zum antiken Judentum TU Texte und Untersuchungen TynBul Tyndale Bulletin UH Urban History USQR Union Seminary Quarterly Review VING Veröffentlichungen des Institutes für Numismatik SBLund Geldgeschichte VNK Veröffentlichungen der Numismatischen Kommis- sion WBC Word Biblical Commentary WGRWSup Writings from the Greco-Roman World Supplement Series WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament WSt Wiener Studien WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament YCS Yale Classical Studies YLT Young’s Literal Translation YPA Yearbook of Physical Anthropology ZNW Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik

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