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THE FIRST URBAN CHURCHES 3 EPHESUS Press SBL WRITINGS FROM THE GRECO-ROMAN WORLD SUPPLEMENT SERIES Clare K. Rothschild, General Editor Number 9 Press SBL THE FIRST URBAN CHURCHES 3 EPHESUS Edited by James R. Harrison and L. L. Welborn Press SBL Atlanta Copyright © 2018 by SBL Press All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Hous- ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data First urban churches / edited by James R. Harrison and L. L. Welborn. volumes cm. — (Society of Biblical Literature. Writings from the Greco-Roman world Supplement series ; Number 7) Includes bibliographical references. Contents: 1. Methodological foundations. ISBN 978-1-62837-102-4 (v. 1 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-62837-104-8 (v. 1 : ebook) — ISBN 978-1-62837-103-1 (v. 1 : hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-88414-111-2 (v. 2 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-88414-112-9 (v. 2 : ebook) — ISBN 978-0-88414-113-6 (v. 2 : hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-88414-234-8 (v. 3 : pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-88414-235-5 (v. 3 : ebook) — ISBN 978-0-88414-236-2 (v. 3 : hardcover : alk. paper) 1. City churches. 2. Church history—Primitive and early church, ca. 30–600. 3. Cities and towns—Religious aspects—Christianity. I. Harrison, James R., 1952– editor. BV637.F57 2015 270.109173'2—dc23 Press 2015021858 Printed on acid-free paper. SBL Contents Abbreviations ...................................................................................................vii An Epigraphic Portrait of Ephesus and Its Villages James R. Harrison ......................................................................................1 An Ephesian Tale: Mystery Cults, Reverse Theological Engineering, and the Triumph of Christianity in Ephesus Guy MacLean Rogers ...............................................................................69 The Jewish Community in Ephesus and Its Interaction with Christ-Believers in the First Century CE and Beyond Paul Trebilco .............................................................................................93 Acclaiming Artemis in Ephesus: Political Theologies in Acts 19 Bradley J. Bitner ......................................................................................127 The Gladiator Graveyard of Ephesus as Evidence for the Study of Martyrdom Mikael Haxby ..........................................................................................171 Ἐκκλησία in Ephesians as Godlike in the Heavens, in Temple, in γάμος, and in Armor: Ideology and Iconography in Ephesus and Its Environs Press Fredrick J. Long ......................................................................................193 From Zeus or by Endoios? Acts 19:35 as a Peculiar Assessment of the Ephesian Artemis Stephan Witetschek ................................................................................235 SBL vi Contents Ephesian Cultic Officials, Their Benefactors, and the Quest for Civic Virtue: Paul’s Alternative Quest for Status in the Epistle to the Ephesians James R. Harrison ..................................................................................253 Ephesus and the Numismatic Background to νεωκόρος Michael P. Theophilos ............................................................................299 Contributors ...................................................................................................333 Primary Sources Index .................................................................................337 Modern Authors Index .................................................................................355 Press SBL Abbreviations Primary Sources 1 Apol. Justin, Apologia 1 1 Macc 1 Maccabees 1QM War Scroll 1QpHab Pesher Habakkuk 2 Bar. 2 Baruch Ad Aen. Servius, Ad Aeneid Agalm. Porphyry, Peri agalmatōn Ag. Ap. Josephus, Against Apion Ann. Tacitus, Annales Ant. Josephus, Jewish Antiquities Anth. Gr. Anthologia Graeca Ant. rom Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates romanae Apoc. Sedr. Apocalypse of Sedrach Apol. Lucian, Apologia Ars Horace, Ars poetica Astr. Manilius, Astronomica Aug. Seneca, Divus augusta; Suetonius, Divus Augustus Bel Bel and the Dragon Ben. Seneca, De beneficiis Car. Historia Augusta, Caracalla Carm. Catullus, CarminaPress Clem. Seneca, De clementia Comp. Galen, De comparanda medicina Conc. Apam. Dio Chrysostom, De Concordia cum Apamensibus (Or. 40) Dei cogn. Dio Chrysostom, De dei cognition (Or. 12) Deipn. Athenaeus, Deipnosophistai Descr. Pausanias, Graeciae descriptio SBL-vii - viii Abbreviations Diatr. Musonius Rufus, Diatribai Diogn. Diognetus Ep. Martial, Epigrams; Seneca, Epistulae morales Eph. Ignatius, Letter to the Ephesians Epict. diss. Arrian, Epicteti dissertationes Fug. Philo, De fuga et inventione Geog. Dionysius Periegetes, Geographical Description of the Inhabited World; Strabo, Geographica Geor. Vergil, Georgica Hist. Livy, Historia Romae Hist. Alex. Q. Curtius Rufus, Historiae Alexandri Magni Mace- donensis Hist. Aug. Historia Augusta Hist. eccl. Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica Hist. rom. Cassius Dio, Historia Romana; Velleius, Historia Romana Hom. Act. John Chrysostom, Homiliae in Acta apostolorum Inst. Quintilian, Institutio oratoria Iph. taur. Euripides, Iphigenia taurica J.W. Josephus, Jewish War Leg. Athenagoras, Legatio pro Christianis; Cicero, De leg- ibus Legat. Philo, Legatio ad Gaium Leuc. Clit. Achilles Tatius, Leucippe et Clitophon Ling. Varro, De lingua latina LXX Septuagint Magn. Ignatius, Letter to the Magnesians Mart. Tertullian, Ad martyras Mart. Pol. Martyrdom of Polycarp Metam. Apuleius, Metamorphoses; Ovid, Metamorphoses Mos. Philo, De vita Mosis MT Masoretic Text Press Nat. Pliny, Naturalis historia Nat. d. Cicero, De natura deorum Onom. Julius Pollux, Onomasticon Or. Dio Chrysostom, Orationes Peregr. Lucian, De morte peregrini Pers. Aeschylus, Persae Phld. SBLIgnatius, Letter to the Philadelphians Abbreviations ix Praem Philo, De praemiis et poenis Praep. ev. Praeparatio evangelica Ps. Sol Psalms of Solomon QG Questions and Answers on Genesis Rep. Cicero, De republica Rhod. Dio Chrysostom, Rhodiaca (Or. 31) Sat. Horace, Satirae; Persius, Satirae Satyr. Petronius, Satyricon Sib. Or. Sibylline Oracles Spec. Philo, De specialibus legibus Spect. Tertullian, De spectaculis Stoic. rep. Plutarch, De Stoicorum repugnantiis Strat. Polyaenus, Stratagemata T. Benj. Testament of Benjamin T. Job Testament of Job Theb. Statius, Thebaid Tib. Suetonius, Tiberius Tob Tobit Tranq. Seneca, De tranquillitate animi Troph. dyn. Galen, Peri trophon dynameos Tu. san. Plutarch, De tuenda sanitate praecepta Vesp. Aristophanes, Vespae Vit. beat. Seneca, De vita beata Wis Wisdom of Solomon Secondary Sources AAMS Advances in Archaeological and Museum Science AB Anchor Bible ABD Freedman, David Noel, ed. Anchor Bible Dictionary. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992. AC L’antiquité classiquePress ACS American Classical Studies ADRA Association pour la diffusion de la recherche sur l’Antiquité AGJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristientums AGROS Accessible Greek Resources and Online Studies AIIN SBLAnnali dell'Istituto Italiano di Numismatica x Abbreviations AJA American Journal of Archaeology AJEC Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity AK Archiv für Kulturgeschichte ANF Roberts, Alexander, and James Donaldson. The Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A.D. 325. 10 vols. Buffalo: Christian Literature, 1885–1887. ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung. Part 2, Principat. Edited by Hildegard Temporini and Wolfgang Haase. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1972–. ANSMN American Numismatic Society Museum Notes Antichthon Antichthon: Journal of the Australian Society for Classical Studies AÖAWPH Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wis- senschaften—philosophisch-historischen Klasse APSP American Philosophical Society Proceedings AR Archiv für Religionswissenschaft Arch Archaeology ASV American Standard Version AZGKJ Aschkenas: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur der Juden BA Biblical Archaeologist BAGD Bauer, Walter, William F. Arndt, F. Wilbur Gingrich, and Frederick W. Danker. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. BAR Biblical Archaeology Review BASOR Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research BBR Bulletin for BiblicalPress Research BCH Bulletin de correspondance hellénique BDAG Danker, Frederick W., Walter Bauer, William F. Arndt, and F. Wilbur Gingrich. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. BDF SBLBlass, Friedrich, Albert Debrunner, and Robert Abbreviations xi W. Funk. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. BECNT Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament BEFAR Bibliothèque des écoles françaises d’Athènes et de Rome BEHEH Bibliothèque de l’École des hautes études, ive section: Sciences historiques et philologiques BerMatÖAI Berichte und Materialen herausgegeben
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    MAPS of the PAUL’SBIBLICAL MISSIONARY JOURNEYS WORLD MILAN VENICE ZAGREB ROMANIA BOSNA & BELGRADE BUCHAREST HERZEGOVINA CROATIA SAARAJEVO PISA SERBIA ANCONA ITALY Adriatic SeaMONTENEGRO PRISTINA Black Sea PODGORICA BULGARIA PESCARA KOSOVA SOFIA ROME SINOP SKOPJE Sinope EDIRNE Amastris Three Taverns FOGGIA MACEDONIA PONTUS SAMSUN Forum of Appius TIRANA Philippi ISTANBUL Amisos Neapolis TEKIRDAG AMASYA NAPLES Amphipolis Byzantium Hattusa Tyrrhenian Sea Thessalonica Amaseia ORDU Puteoli TARANTO Nicomedia SORRENTO Pella Apollonia Marmara Sea ALBANIA Nicaea Tavium BRINDISI Beroea Kyzikos SAPRI CANAKKALE BITHYNIA ANKARA Troy BURSA Troas MYSIA Dorylaion Gordion Larissa Aegean Sea Hadrianuthera Assos Pessinous T U R K E Y Adramytteum Cotiaeum GALATIA GREECE Mytilene Pergamon Aizanoi CATANZARO Thyatira CAPPADOCIA IZMIR ASIA PHRYGIA Prymnessus Delphi Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Mazaka Sardis PALERMO Ionian Sea Athens Antioch Pisidia MESSINA Nysa Hierapolis Rhegium Corinth Ephesus Apamea KONYA COMMOGENE Laodicea TRAPANI Olympia Mycenae Samos Tralles Iconium Aphrodisias Arsameia Epidaurus Sounion Colossae CATANIA Miletus Lystra Patmos CARIA SICILY Derbe ADANA GAZIANTEP Siracuse Sparta Halicarnassus ANTALYA Perge Tarsus Cnidus Cos LYCIA Attalia Side CILICIA Soli Korakesion Korykos Antioch Patara Mira Seleucia Rhodes Seleucia Malta Anemurion Pieria CRETE MALTA Knosos CYPRUS Salamis TUNISIA Fair Haven Paphos Kition Amathous SYRIA Kourion BEIRUT LEBANON PAUL’S MISSIONARY JOURNEYS DAMASCUS Prepared by Mediterranean Sea Sidon FIRST JOURNEY : Nazareth SECOND
  • An Overview of the Late Helladic Iiic Period in Anatolia *

    An Overview of the Late Helladic Iiic Period in Anatolia *

    TAL 46-47 -pag 7-26 (-03 BARISGUR):inloop document Talanta 05-06-2016 14:29 Pagina 7 TALANTA XLVI-XLVII (2014-2015), 7 - 26 AN OVERVIEW OF THE LATE HELLADIC IIIC PERIOD IN ANATOLIA * Barış Gür When we look into western Anatolia in the LH IIIC Period, an increase in Mycenaean pottery is observed in comparison with the preceding periods along the coast in settlements like Panaztepe, Liman Tepe, Bademgediği Tepe, Kadıkalesi, Miletos, and Çine-Tepecik. In this article, I argue that the relative increase in Mycenaean artifacts on the Anatolian west coast relates to Mycenaean immigrants, rather than merchants making use of the political gap in western Anatolia. The distribution pattern of Mycenaean artifacts on the Anatolian west coast was, however, not uniform, and various sites and regions, most notably Troy, experienced an influx of Balkan influence, whilst Mycenaean cultural influence apparently dwindled. When the process preparing the end of the Bronze Age is analyzed chronologi - cally, it can be learned that the Mycenaean palaces were destroyed and lots of settlements in Mainland Greece were evacuated 1. Arzawa in Western Anatolia and Hittite country, which had been a major regional power, was destroyed (Woudhuizen 2006, 51) , various coastal cities in the Eastern Mediterranean were damaged 2.The Postpalatial world, emerging after the destruction of Mycenaean palaces at the end of Late Helladic IIIB, is described as the LH IIIC Period. When we look into Anatolia in the LH IIIC Period, we see that a considerable amount of LH IIIC ceramics were obtained after the destruction of the palaces * I would like to extend my sincerest thanks to Dr.
  • The Minoans in the Central, Eastern and Northern Aegean – New Evidence

    The Minoans in the Central, Eastern and Northern Aegean – New Evidence

    The Minoans in the central, eastern and northern Aegean – new evidence Acts of a Minoan Seminar 22-23 January 2005 in collaboration with the Danish Institute at Athens and the German Archaeological Institute at Athens Edited by Colin F. Macdonald, Erik Hallager & Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens, Volume 8 © Copyright The Danish Institute at Athens, Athens 2009 The Minoans in the central, eastern and northern Aegean – new evidence. Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens Volume 8 General editor: Erik Hallager Graphic design: Erik Hallager Printed at Narayana Press Printed in Denmark on permanent paper conforming to ANSI Z 39.48-1992 The publication was undertaken with the assistance of the: Institute for Aegean Prehistory DAI and DIA ISBN: 978-87-7934-292-7 Distributed by: AARHUS UNIVERSITY PRESS Langelandsgade 177 DK-8200 Århus N www.unipress.dk Gazelle Book Services Ltd. White Cross Mills, Hightown Lancaster LA1 4XS, England www.gazellebooks.co The David Brown Book Company (DBBC) P.O. Box 511 Oakville, CT. 06779, USA www.davidbrownbookco.uk Cover illustration: Approaching Thera from Crete Photograph by E. Hallager Contents 7 Preface Erik Hallager 8 List of contributors 9 Opening address Yannis Sakellarakis 11 “Minoanisation” versus “Minoan thalassocrassy” – an introduction Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier 31 “Beware Cretans bearing gifts”. Tracing the origins of Minoan influence at Akrotiri, Thera Irene Nikolakopoulou 41 Middle Cycladic and early Late Cycladic cemeteries and their Minoan elements: the case of the cemetery at Skarkos on Ios Marisa Marthari 59 The Afiartis Project: excavations at the Minoan settlement of Fournoi, Karpathos (2001-2004) – a preliminary report Manolis Melas 73 Ialysos and its neighbouring areas in the MBA and LB I periods: a chance for peace Toula Marketou 97 Relations between the Urla peninsula and the Minoan world Hayat Erkanal & Levent Keskin 111 The Bronze Age settlement of Teichiussa Walter Voigtländer 121 Minoans at Iasos? Nicoletta Momigliano 141 Miletus introduction.