A Literary Sources

Home , Andriscus, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, Attalus I, Chremonides, Eudemus (general), Eumenes I

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82860-4 — The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest 2nd Edition Index More Information

Index

A Literary sources Livy XXVI.24.7–15: 77 (a); XXIX.12.11–16: 80; XXXI.44.2–9: 11 Aeschines III.132–4: 82; XXXIII.38: 195; XXXVII.40–1: Appian, Syrian Wars 52–5, 57–8, 62–3: 203; XXXVIII.34: 87; 57 XXXIX.24.1–4: 89; XLI.20: 209 (b); ‘Aristeas to Philocrates’ I.9–11 and XLII.29–30.7: 92; XLII.51: 94; 261 V.35–40: XLV.29.3–30 and 32.1–7: 96 15 [Aristotle] Oeconomica II.2.33: I Maccabees 1.1–9: 24; 1.10–25 and 5 7 Arrian, Alexander I.17: ; II.14: ; 41–56: 217; 15.1–9: 221 8 9 III.1.5–2.2: (a); III.3–4: ; II Maccabees 3.1–3: 216 12 13 IV.10.5–12.5: ; V.28–29.1: ; Memnon, FGrH 434 F 11 §§5.7–11: 159 14 20 V1.27.3–5: ; VII.1.1–4: ; Menander, The Sicyonian lines 3–15: 104 17 18 VII.4.4–5: ; VII.8–9 and 11: Menecles of Barca FGrHist 270F9:322 26 Arrian, FGrH 156 F 1, §§1–8: (a); F 9, Pausanias I.7: 254; I.9.4: 254; I.9.5–10: 30 §§34–8: 56; I.25.3–6: 28; VII.16.7–17.1: Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae V.201b–f, 100 258 43 202f–203e: ; VI.253b–f: Plutarch, Agis 5–6.1 and 7.5–8: 69 23 Augustine, City of God 4.4: Alexander 10.6–11: 3 (a); 15: 4 (a); Demetrius of Phalerum, FGrH 228 F 39: 26.3–10: 8 (b); 68.3: cf. 14 25 Cleomenes 10–11 and 13: 70; 16: 71 255 65 Diodorus I.31.7–8: n. 3; II.36.6: ; Demetrius 8–10: 42; 18: 44; 42: 52 264 III.12.1–3: ; III.36.3–5 and Pyrrhus 8.1–7 and 14: 59 263 46 37.7–8: ; VI.1.2–10: ; De Alexandri Magni Fortuna aut Virtute 3 4 XVII.14: (b); XVII.17.3–4: (b); I.328C–329D: 22 10 16 XVII.70–2: ; XVII.108.4–8: ; Polybius II.37.7–44: 67; III.6: 2; 26 XVIII.3.2–5: (b); XVIII.4.1–6: IV.25–26.2: 72; IV.38.1–10: 114; 21 27 19 ; XVIII.7: ; XVIII.8.2–7: ; IV.46.5–47.6: 112; IV.48: 180; 31 33 XVIII.48.4–50: ; XIX.9: (a); IV.73.5–74.2: 103; V.34: 274; 34 35 XIX.27.2–29: ; XIX.61–62.2: ; V.40–4 (in part): 181; V.58: 182; 36 37 XIX.90–91.2: ; XIX.105.1–4: ; V.63 and 65: 275; V.67: 183; V.79: 41 47 XX.40: ; XX.81 and 100.1–4: ; 184; V.88–90.4: 111; 49 XX.102.2–4: ; XXXI.15a and 17b: V.103.7–106.8 (in part): 73; 286 213 ; XXXI.16.1: (b); XXXIII.4: V.107.1–3: 277 A; VII.9: 76; IX.29 219 214 ; XL.3: and 34–5: 78; X.27: 185; XI.34: 214 Hecataeus of Abdera, FGrH 264F6: 187; XIII.6: 79; XIV.12.3–4: 277 B; 101 Heraclides Creticus (?) I (extracts): XV.20: 192; XV.25.3–18: 282; Josephus, Jewish Antiquities XII.138–53: XV.35.1–6: 33 B; XVI.25–6: 232; 215 280 ; XII.168–9 and 175–86: XVI.30–1: 81; XVIII.29–31: 83; 291 223 Justin XXXIX.4–5: ;XL: XVIII.41: 233; XVIII.44–6 (in part): 58 Libanius XI (Antiochicus) 101–4: 84; XVIII.49–51: 196; XX.6.1–6:

600

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82860-4 — The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest 2nd Edition Index More Information

Index of sources

102; XX.9–10 (in part): 85; Didyma II (1958), 492 A–C: 173; 493: XXI.18–23: 234; XXI.32: 86; 175 XXI.43: 205; XXII.17.1–6: 284; F. D urrbach,¨ Choix d’inscriptions de D´elos XXII.20–21.4: 240 (b); XXV.4: 91; (1921), no. 31: 228; no. 48: 133;no. XXVI.1: 209 A; XXVII.13: 285; 50: 134; no. 75: 143 XXIX.21.1–6: 25; XXIX.27: 211; Epigraphica Anatolica 20 (1992), 127–33 XXX.18: 97; XXX.25: 213; XXX.31: (W. Blumel):¨ 267; 29 (1997), 1–30 98; XXXI.2: 218; XXXI.10: 288; (L. Jonnes and M. Ricl): 236 XXXII.8: 243; XXXIV.14: 323; Fouilles de Delphes III.1.432: 227 XXXVI.17.5–10: 99 M. B. Hatzopoulos, Macedonian Ps. Dicaearchus: see Heraclides Creticus Institutions under the Kings II (1996), Strabo XI.9.2–3: 177; XI.11.1–2: 188; no. 12: 90; no. 36: 65; no. 60: 137 XIII.4.1–2: 224; XIV.1.38: 249; Hesperia Supplement 17 (1978), 2–4 XIV.2.5: 110; XIV.5.2: 220; (T. L. Shear): 55 XVI.1.5: 167; XVI.2.4–10: 160; Historia Einzelschriften 20 (1972), 152–4: XVI.2.14: 176; XVII.1.6–10: 292; 62 XVII.1.45: 262 M. Holleaux, Etudes II (1938), 9–16: 227; Suda s.v. Basileia (2): 45 II (1938), 63–72: 237; II (1938), Tacitus, Histories IV.83–4: 300; Annals 73–125: 235; II (1938), 127–47: VI.42: 167 n. 6 208; II (1938), 153–78: 239; III Theocritus XVII lines 73–130: 255 (1942), 27–37: 257; III (1942), 99–110: 51 B Inscriptions ICret. I, pp. 60–1 no. 6: 107;I,p.62no. 7: 144; II, pp. 84–8 no. 1: 109; III, S. L. Ager, Interstate Arbitrations in the pp. 31–6 no. 3A: 113; III, pp. 78–81 Greek World, 337–90 bc (1996), no. no. 1: 152; III, pp. 83–5 no. 4: 265; 13: 48; no. 38 II: 156 III, pp. 89–91 no. 8: 108; IV, AM 72 (1957), 233–41 (C. Habicht): 145 pp. 222–5 no. 162: 123 Anadolu 9 (1965), 34–6 (P. Herrmann): ID´elos 509: 127 191 I.Ephesos 202: 246 Annuario 45–6 (1967–8), 445–53 (G. I.Erythrai 31: 170; 504: 169 Pugliese-Carratelli): 198 IG II2.448: 32;II2.657: 54;II2.665: 136; BCH 59 (1935), 210–30 (G. Daux): 143; II2.687: 61;II2.844.1: 106; 99 (1975), 51–75 (R. Etienne and II2.1013: 129;II2.2499: 150; IV.1: M. Pierart):´ 63 245;IV2.1.71: 156;IV2.1.121 lines R. Bogaert, Epigraphica III (1976), no. 22: 1–41: 146; V.2.118: 141; V.2.344: 123; no. 36: 194 68; VII.411: 157; VII.4263: 119; E. A. Budge, The Rosetta Stone (1929), IX2.1.241: 77 B; IX.2.161 A: 122; 298–309: 276 IX.2.517: 74; IX.4.1299: 151; Chiron 5 (1975), 59–87 (M. Worrle):¨ XI.4.1105: 228; XII.327: 287; 168; Chiron 30 (2000), 404–14 (G. XII.5.129: 128; XII.7.386: 105; Manganaro): 226 XII.8.156: 269; XII Supplement. Clara Rhodos 9 (1938), 190–207 (M. 348: 126 Segre): 238 IGLS III.2.992: 204; III.2.1183: 206; C. Ord. Ptol. 33: 287 III.2.1184: 207; IV.1261: 210; CRAI (1968), 416–57 (L. Robert): 186 VII.4028 B and C: 172 J. Crampa, Labraunda III.1 nos. 1, 3, 4: I.Ilion 32: 162; 33: 164; 34: 165; 45(B): 179 171

601

Index of sources

I.Lampsakos 4: 197 J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Iraq 16 (1954), 202–11 (A. J. Sachs and Texts relating to the Old Testament D. J. Wiseman): 158 (3rd edn. 1969), 317: 166 Israel Exploration Journal 16 (1966), RC 1: 38; 3 and 4: 48;7:53; 10–13: 164; 54–70 (Y. Landau): 193 14: 259; 15: 170; 18–20: 173; 22: Journal Asiatique 246 (1958), 1–18 (D. 175; 23: 229; 25: 66; 30: 279; 31–4: Schlumberger and L. Robert): 178 189; 44: 204; 45: 206; 52: 239; 54: (b) 241; 61: 244; 65–7: 247; 70: 172; JHS 111 (1991), 71–86 (A. Kuhrt and 71: 222 S. M. Sherwin-White): 166 L. Robert, Collection Froehner I. Journal des Savants 1981, 327–45 (J. L. Inscriptions grecques (1936), no. 52: Ferrary and P. Gauthier): 171 40 G. Klaffenbach, Die Astynomeninschrift L. Robert, Hellenica 7 (1949), 5–22: 200 von Pergamon (1954): 253 L. and J. Robert, La Carie II (1954), no. L. Koenen, Eine agonistische Inschrift aus 166: 201 Agypten¨ und fruhptolem¨ aische¨ A. J. Sachs and H. Hunger, Astronomical Konigsfeste¨ (1977): 294 Diaries and Related Texts from J. Ma, Antiochos III and the Cities of Babylonia I: Diaries from 652 bc to Western Asia Minor (1999), no. 17 262 bc (1988), no. -273 pp. 345, pp. 308–11: 191;no.26 347: 163 pp. 329–35: 198; no. 38 pp. 356–8: Samothrace II.1 (1960), 39–40 (P. M. 199; no. 44 pp. 364–6: 201;no.45 Fraser): 269 pp. 366–7: 202 Sardis VII.1 (1932), no. 1 (W. H. Buckler Marmor Parium, FGrH 239 B §§1–26: 1 and D. M. Robinson): 194 Moretti II.78: 64; II.87: 77 B; II.99: 121; SB 8299: 283 II.114: 90; II.130: 120; II.131: SEG 1.363: 155; 1.366: 132; 2.79: 117; 116 2.663: 235; 9.1: 29; 9.7: 289; L. Moretti, Iscrizioni agonistiche greche 12.373: 65; 13.512: 253; 26.1226: (1953), no. 41: 140 198; 29.613: 193; 30.1121: 131; OGIS 5: 38;6:39; 13: 53; 43: 257; 46: 35.1521: 207; 41.1003: 191; 118; 48: 293; 54: 268; 55: 270; 56: 42.994: 267; 47.1745: 236 271; 59: 287; 86: 281; 90: 283; 219: SGDI II.1854: 147 B; II.2143: 147 A 162; 220: 165; 221: 164; 222: 169; Sherk (1969) no. 2: 95; no. 11: 251;no. 223: 170; 225: 173; 227: 175; 229: 34: 199; no. 35: 202; no. 40 A: 174; 230: 193 n. 1; 231: 189; 233: 93 190; 245: 207; 248: 208; 257: 222; F. Sokolowski, Lois sacr´ees des cit´es grecques 266: 230; 267: 229; 273–9: 231; (1969), no. 37: 149; no. 96: 148 308: 240; 315 VI: 244; 329: 245; Staatsv. III 428: 38; 429: 40; 446 lines 331: 247; 338: 248; 339: 252; 435: 61–99: 50; 476: 61; 481: 230; 482 251; 483: 253; 748: 225; 751: 241; lines 1–39: 107; 492: 174; 499: 68; 763: 239 536: 77 B; 545: 153; 551: 113; 554: Phoenix 43 (1989), 317–46 at pp. 152 319–20 (C. P.Jones and C. Habicht): Syll.3 283: 6; 317: 32; 344: 48; 354: 130; 272 374: 54; 385: 136; 390: 256; 398: H. W. Pleket, Epigraphica I (1964), no. 9: 60; 434–5: 61; 443: 64; 456: 66; 126; no. 10: 127; no. 11: 124;no. 463: 265; 471: 156; 490: 68; 495: 13: 125; no. 14: 129; no. 22: 117; 115; 497: 75; 502: 269; 521: 105; no. 26: 118 525: 123; 526: 108; 527.1–136:

602

Index of sources

109; 528: 144; 530: 124; 532: 142; P. Cairo Zen. 59.012 lines 1–79: 298; 535: 106; 543: 74; 544: 119; 577: 59.021: 299; 59.034: 301; 59.451 138; 578: 139; 581: 113; 591: 197; 308; 59.816: 303 601: 199; 613 A: 88; 618: 202; 630: P. Col. 54 lines 1–29: 306; 66: 307 237; 643: 93; 646: 95; 647: 154; P. Cornell 1 lines 1–52: 305 663: 151; 672: 242; 675: 157; 694: P. Ent.8: 318 250; 729: 125; 975: 127; 976: 135; P. G r a d .4:316 1003: 149; 1024: 148; 1080: 141; P. H i b . 81: 314; 98: 310; 110 lines 1097: 150; 1168.1–41: 146 51–114: 309; 198 lines 85–122: 312 Syria 55 (1978), 313–25 (J. P. P. Lond. 1954: 302 Rey-Coquais): 273 P. O x y . XXVII.2465 lines 7–23: 295 R. Thapar, A´soka and the Decline of the PSI 488 lines 9–19: 304 Mauryas (rev. edn. 1997), 255–7: P. Tebt. 5: 290;8:278; 9–11: 325; 703: 178 (a); 260–1: 178 (b) 319; 786: 324 Tituli Asiae Minoris II.1: 270 P. Yale 36: 315 Tod, GHI II, 192: 6; 205: 1 J. D. Ray, The Archive of H. or (1976), ZPE 46 (1982), 167–74 (J. M. Bertrand): 14–20: 212 193 Revenue Laws of Ptolemy Philadelphus (ed. J. Bingen, SB Beiheft I, 1952), cols. C Papyri 24–37: 296; cols. 38–56: 297 Sel. Pap. II.203: 297; 204: 319; 207: 311; C. Bradford Welles, The Excavations at 210: 290; 339: 325 B; 346: 304; Dura-Europus V.1 (1959), no. 12: 365: 310; 397: 309; 409: 299; 414: 161 317 C. Ord. Ptol. 17 and 18: 296; 21 and 22: UPZ I.8: 320; I.113: 321; II.157: 313 260; 24: 311; 53: 290 W. Chrest. 2: 278; 229: 297; 411: 317; FGrH 160: 266 435: 309; 441: 310 JEA 61 (1975), 168f. (R. S. Bagnall): ZPE 2 (1968), 178–209 (P2) (L. Koenen): 278 326

603

General index

Abydus, 195; besieged by Philip V, 81 agora: Teos, 48 A §11; Abydus, 81; Acarnania, 19, 28, 67, 77, 78, 80, 86 Anthedon, 101 §23; Chalcis, 101 Achaean League, Achaeans, 78, 80, 94, §§28–9; Gortyn, 123; Ephesus, 130; 124, 156, 157; constitution and Antioch, 209 (a) government, 67, 68, 87, 156; agoranomoi, 48 A §11, 125 and n. 3, 127, historical outline and character, 67; 138 l. 64, 236 Orchomenus joins, 68; and Sparta, agriculture: Thessaly, 74; Boeotia, 101; 71, 79, 87; turns to Antigonus Teos, 117; Laodicea, 160 §9; Sestus, Doson, 71; in Social War, 72, 73; 252; in Egypt, 255, 258, 290, 296, Achaean War against Rome, 297, 302, 303, 306, 315, 319, 324, 100 325; Telmessus, 270; see land, laoi, Achaeus: the elder, 168, 224; the younger, town and countryside 180, 181 Ai Khanoum, 186 Acilius, Manius, 85 Alexander III the Great, 26, 28, 30–1, 36, actors, 141; see Dionysiac artists 45, 57, 94, 169 nn. 2, 4, 188; Aegina, and Attalids, 245 sources on, pp. 5–6; reign, ch. 1 Aemilius Paulus, Roman general, 96, passim; and Rhodes, 47; and 213 Lysimachus, 56; and Pyrrhus, 59 (a); Aetolian League, Aetolians, 28, 94, 275, and Erythrae, 170; and Babylon, 142; and Alexander, 19; rise of, 64; 167; and Media, 185; and Ptolemies, and Delphic Amphictyony, 60, 64, 254, 271 n. 1; and Soloi, 279; death 72, 88; and Achaean League, 67 chs. and burial, 292 §8 43–4; in Social War, 72, 73; alliance Alexander IV, son of Alexander the Great, with Rome, 77, 78; subsequent 1, 26, 35, 37, 45, 158 relations, 84–6, 88; and Antiochus Alexander Balas, 224 III, 85, 205 §7; Perseus and, 93; Alexander of Epirus, 78 piracy, 64; constitution, 64, 85, Alexandria in (‘near’) Egypt, 132, 211, 86 212, 256, 263, 275, 283 l. 17, 286 Agathocles of Syracuse, 1 §§12, 14, 18, (b), 290 l. 98, 297 cols. 47, 50, 52, 33, 41, 59 (b) 54f., 299, 301, 315, 319 l. 222, 321; Agathocles, son of Lysimachus, 56, 224 foundation, 8, 15,cf.300; general Agathocles, minister of Ptolemy IV, 275 description, 292; population, 232; and n. 1 Museum and Library, 258 (end), Agelaus of Naupactus, 73 261, 292 §8; procession at, 258; cult Agesilaus of Sparta, 2 of Arsinoe Philadelphus, 295; people Agis IV of Sparta, 69 of, political role, 282, 286, 322, agoge, in Sparta, 70 (b) 323; economic life, 292 §7 and n. agonothete, 54 l. 39, 63, 64 l. 27, 132 l. 12; custom dues at, 298; auction of 56, 134 l. 23, 143, 149 §IV, 162 l. taxes at, 280; Egyptian view of, 39, 294, 269 (side B) 326

604

General index

Alexandria Eschate, 1 and n. 6 34–5, 36, 37–9, 42, 44, 48, 54; alliances: Greeks in Chremonidean War, founds Antigonea, 160 §4; and 61; Philip V and Hannibal, 76; Erythrae, 170; and Coele Syria, 183; Rome and Aetolia, 77; Rhodes and and Media, 185 Hierapytna, 113; Nicomedes and Antigonus II Gonatas, 61, 65, 67, 78, Celts, 159; Rome and Pergamum, 159 250; see also peace (named peace Antigonus III Doson, 275; and Greeks, treaties), treaties 71, 72, 78; festivals in honour of, ambassadors 71, 134; and Rhodes, 111; and of Greek states, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, Caria, 179 61, 74, 85, 88, 91, 106, 107, 111, antigrapheus, 290 n. 24 112, 116, 132, 143, 155, 162, 164, Antioch on the Orontes, 57 ch. 57, 58, 169, 170, 174, 175, 190, 197, 199, 160, 209, 218, 223, 266 201, 202, 206, 226, 234, 236, 239, Antioch in Persis, 189; and Magnesia on 241, 242, 252, 267, 272; dangers the Maeander, 190 faced by, 50, 116, 197 Antiochus I, 57 ch. 62, 138 l. 29, 158, of kings, 7, 38, 46, 59 (b), 96 ch. 32, 168, 174 l. 100, 224; early reign, 183, 187, 190, 195, 199, 213, 244, 159; and Ilium, 162, 164, 165; 275, 282 ‘First Syrian War’, 163; and Babylon, Roman, 91, 97, 156, 232, 249, 288 163, 166; and League of Ionians, sacred ambassadors (theoroi), 55, 60, 169; gifts of land to Aristodicides, 64, 65–6, 132, 189, 190, 213, 237, 164; (?) and Erythrae, 170; relations 256, 272 with Magnesia and Antioch in Persis, Ammon, oracle of, 9, 18 ch. 8, 26 (b), 47 190; and Ptolemies, 254; deiﬁcation (b) and cult, 190, 207 ‘amnesty decrees’, in Ptolemaic Egypt, Antiochus II: and Samos, 132 (?); and 283, 290 Erythrae, 170 (?); and Laodice, 173; Amorgos, pirates at, 105 deiﬁcation and cult, 190, 207 Amphictyony, Delphic, 93; Aetolia and, Antiochus Hierax: and Samos, 132 (?); 54, 72, 88; and Athens, 125; and fratricidal war, 176, 177, 231 Eumenes II, 237 Antiochus III the Great, 2, 73 ch. 105, Amphipolis, 21, 96 274; reign of, 180–205; appoints Amynander, king of Athamanians, 80, 85 chief priest at Daphne, 204; and Anaxarchus, philosopher, 12 Magnesia on the Maeander, 189, Andriscus, pretender in Macedon, 224 190; and Rome, see 91, 224, 234; Andros, 55 and Ptolemies, see 275–7 Anthedon, in Boeotia, 101 §§23–4 Antiochus IV Epiphanes, 160 §4, 218; Antigonea, in Syria, 160 §4 reign of, 92, 208–9, 211–13, 217 Antigonids, ch. 3 passim; claim link with Antiochus V, 218 Argeads, 44; and Macedon, 89, 90, Antiochus VII Sidetes, 220, 221 96; and Greeks, 61, 62, 67, 71–4, Antiochus VIII Grypus, 222, 223, 291 78, 81, 82, 84, 88, 92, 93; and Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, 223, 291 Rome, 73–4, 76–7, 83, 84, 89, Antiochus XIII, 223 92–4, 96; army, 83, 90, 94; Antipater, 1, 16, 19, 26, 28, 30–1, governing class, 96 ch. 32; see also 57, 78 monarchy Apama, wife of Seleucus I, 17, 51, 160 §4 Antigonus I Monophthalmus, 59 (a), 194 Apamea on the Orontes, 57 ch. 57, 160, (?); career and reign, 1, 26, 30, 31, 182; Peace of, 205

605

General index

Aphrodite, 68, 109; Demetrius and, 43; army: of Alexander, 4; of Antigonus and Aphrodite Stratonicis, 174 ll. 9, 70, Eumenes, 34; of Antigonids, 83, 90, 83; Arsinoe Philadelphus assimilated 94; of Antiochus III, 184, 203;of to, 295 Antiochus IV, 213; of Ptolemy IV, Apis, 271 n. 8 275; political role, in age of apokletoi, 85 Successors, 26, 35; see also colonies Apollo, 29 l. 24, 107, 108, 118, 138, (military), conscription, elephants, 148, 168, 174 ll. 60, 85; at Delphi, mercenaries 60, 93, 143, 242, 300, Arrhidaeus (Philip), 26, 28, 35, 56, 57 manumissions to, 147; at Delos, Arrian, pp. 5–6; see Index of sources 122, 133; at Didyma, 138 §V, 173, Arsinoe I, daughter of Lysimachus, 254 175; at Epidaurus, 146; at Daphne, Arsinoe II Philadelphus, marries 160, 204, 207, 208; and Seleucids, Lysimachus, 56, 224; marries 36, 51, 175 and n. 2 Ptolemy Ceraunus, 159; marries Apollonia under Salbake, 201 Ptolemy II, 254, 311; dynastic cult, Apollonis of Cyzicus, 240 255 n. 12, 271 and n. 2, 295, Apollonius, dioiketes of Ptolemy II, 296 297–9, 301–9 Arsinoe, wife of Ptolemy IV, 282 Apollonius, son of Thraseas, Seleucid Arsinoe, in Cilicia, 272 governor, 216 Artemis, 21, 81, 108, 279; at Daphne, Apollophanes of Seleucia, Seleucid doctor, 160, 204; at Magnesia on the 182 Maeander, 174 l. 84, 189, 190;at apomoira, for Arsinoe Philadelphus, Ephesus, 173; Artemis Tauropolus, 296 21, 40, 174 ll. 60, 70, 230 ll. 24, Arabs, 223, 291 53 Aradus, and Seleucids, 172, 176 artisans: at Delos, 122; at Antioch, 209 Aratus of Sicyon, 67, 71 (a); see also craftsmen arbitration, between Greek cities, 48 A §6, Ascalon, and Ptolemies, 280 53, 156 Asclepius, 300 (end); at Cos, 60, 65–6; Arcadia, 67 ch. 38, 68; in Chremonidean miraculous cures at Epidaurus, War, 61 146 archisomatophylax, 317 and n. 1 Asia: Alexander and, 7, 20–2; Seleucids architect (master of works): at Athens, 55 and, 216 n. 2; Roman province, 249, l. 98; at Delos, 122 and n. 24; at 251; see also Europe and Asia Pergamum, 253 l. 152; at Memphis, A´soka, Indian king, 178 304 Aspendus, in Cilicia, 272 Areus I of Sparta, 61 associations (private), 143, 150 Argeads, end of, 37; see Alexander II, asthetairoi, 18 ch. 11 Philip II asthippoi, 34 ch. 29 Argos, 28, 67 ch. 44, 140, 143 astynomoi, at Pergamum, 253 Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia, 92, 224 asylia: general, 65; of cities, 190 n. 7, 191 Aristobulus, source of Arrian, pp. 5–6; and n. 5; of sanctuaries, 65–6, 93, cited, 4, 9, 17 172, 174 l. 12, 290 l. 84; of Aristodicides of Assos, 164 individuals, 119, 143, 155 Aristonicus of Pergamum, revolt of, Athena, 68, 94, 108, 109, 154; at Athens, 248–52 42, 54, 55; at Ilium, 4, 21, 162, Aristotle, 1 §11; and Alexander, 22 173; at Pergamum, 208, 231 and n. arms, provision of, 111, 226 2, 237

606

General index

Athens and Delphi, 242; and Rome, 244; and Philip 12, 18, 28; and Alexander, and Aegina, 245; and Ephesus, 246; 3, 11, 19; and Persians, 10; and appoints priest of Dionysus, 247 Harpalus, 16; and Antipater, 1, 28, Attalus III, 224; education, 246; appoints 32; and Ophellas, 41; and Demetrius priest of Dionysus, 247; bequeaths of Phalerum, 28, 42; and Demetrius kingdom to Rome, 248–51 Poliorcetes, 42, 43, 54, 55; and Augustine, Saint, 23 Lysimachus, 54; and Ptolemies, 254; autonomy: of Greeks, 37; of Erythrae, and Ptolemy I, 55; and Ptolemy II, 170; of Smyrna, 174 ll. 10, 65; of Chremonidean War, 61, 62, 254; Lampsacus, 197; see also freedom and Achaean League, 67, 71; and (and autonomy) Peace of Phoenice, 80; and Philip V, 73 (end), 74, 82, 232; and Delphic Babylon, 26, 56, 268; Harpalus at, 16; Amphictyony, 7, 125; and Crete, Alexander and, 167; Seleucids and, 106; and Oropus, 157; and 36, 57, 58, 158, 163, 166, 167; Antiochus IV, 208, 209 (b); and Jewish settlers from, 215 chs. Attalus I, 232 147–53 corn supply, 55 n. 8; cult association, Bacchon, 256 and n. 2 150; description and buildings, 101; Bactria, 186, 268; Greek revolt in, 27; Eleusinian Mysteries, cf. 300; elephants from, 163; Greek kingdom ephebeia, 136; ‘New Style’ coinage, in, 177, 187, 188 125, 129 §IV and n. 7; weights and Baetocaece, 172 measures, 129 ‘balance of power’, 274 n. 6 Attaleia: at Delphi, 242; at Aegina, 245 banks: at Miletus, 138 and n. 4; in Attalids of Pergamum, ch. 6 passim; Ptolemaic Egypt, 316 outline and chronology, 224; and Barbarians, see Greeks and Barbarians Pergamum, 229; and Greek cities, battles: Attalid, 231; Paraetacene, 34; 189 (d), 225, 226, 233 and n. 10, Ipsus, 54, 57 ch. 55; Cynoscephalae, 234 ch. 22, 236, 237, 239, 240, 83; Raphia, 184, 275, 276; 246; and Rhodes, 224, 232, 234; Magnesia, 203 and Delos, 228; and Delphi, 227, benefactors (euergetai), 32, 42, 46, 48 A 237, 242; and Celts, 225 and n. 6; §5, 114, 119, 121, 130, 133, 134, and Seleucids, 180, 181, 191, 208, 143, 162, 168, 170, 176, 191, 198, 224, 231; and Rome, 224, 232, 205, 206, 229, 232, 233, 235, 239, 234, 236, 237, 244, 248–51; army, 243, 255, 271, 283; see generally 230, 248; government and 115; see also gifts administration, 235, 238, 241, 245; Berenice, wife of Ptolemy I, 254, 255, cult of, by Greek cities, 229 l. 34, 258 245 n. 8; dynastic cult, 143; see also Berenice, sister of Ptolemy III, wife of monarchy Antiochus II, 266, 267 Attalus I, 73 ch. 105, 77 (a), 80, 180, Berenice II, daughter of Magas, wife of 208, 240; and Magnesia, 189; and Ptolemy III, 265, 271, 316 Teos, 191; career and policy, 224, Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy III, 234 ch. 20; dedications at honours for, 271 Pergamum, 231; and Athens, 232; Berenice Trogodytike, 262 estimate of, 233 Beroea, 96; gymnasiarchy law, 137 Attalus II, 100, 208, 224, 248; and billeting of troops, 193, 311 Cyzicus, 240 (b); and Amlada, 241; birthday of kings, celebration of, 271 n. 6

607

General index

Bithynia, kingdom of, see Nicomedes, Calymnus, homopoliteia with Cos, Prusias, Ziaelas, Zipoetes 153 Black Sea: trade with, 112, 114; Serapis cancellation of debts, 108 n. 2; see also allegedly from, 300 debts Boeotia, 80, 94; general description, 101; Canopus, 15; synod of priests at, 271 and Lamian War, 28; and Social War, Cappadocia, see Ariarathes, Eumenes of 72; social and political divisions, 95, Cardia, Stratonice (2) 102; and Roman settlement, 100; Cardia, 56 Oropus and, 119; see also Oropus, Caria, 203; Eupolemus in, 40; empire of Thebes Rhodes in, 98; and slave trade, 104; booty, 3 (b), 10, 23, 24, 72, 78, 100, Seleucids and, 179; Ptolemies and, 105, 159, 268, 276; division of, 77, 267; see also Apollonia under 113 §X; regulations over, 90; see also Salbake, Halicarnassus, Heraclea piracy, prisoners of war under Mount Latmus, Iasos, Kildara, border disputes, between Greek cities, 53, Labraunda, Mylasa 156, 157 Carthage, 1 §§18, 19, 20, 21, 33, 41, 59, Boubastis, 271 l. 37, 303, 308 67 ch. 43, 73, 76, 92, 220 Boulagoras of Samos, 132 Cassander, career and reign, 1, 26, 28, Branchidae, oracle of Apollo, 36 30–1, 35, 37–9, 42, 44, 46, 47, 56, brigandage, in central Greece, 101 §8; in 57, 78, 183 Egypt, 290, 312; see also piracy Cassandrea, 1 §14, 35, 96 building activity: Alexander, 21,at cattle: imported from Black Sea, 114; taxes Babylon, 167; Rhodes, 47 (b), 110, on, 117 (Teos), 225 (Philetaerus); 111; Olbia, 115 (b); Halicarnassus, registration of, in Egypt, 319,in 118; Oropus, 119; Delos, 122 and Syria-Palestine, 260 (a) n. 24; Seleucus I and Antiochus I at Caunus, 98 Miletus, 51; Antiochus I at Babylon, Celts: raid on Delphi, 60, 78, 93; overrun 163, 166, at Miletus, 138 l. 29; Macedon, cross to Asia Minor, 159; Antiochus III at Jerusalem, 215; Attalids and, 225 n. 6; settled in Antiochus IV in Greek world, 209 Macedon, 96; use as mercenaries, (b); Seleucids at Antioch, 160; 159 n. 19 Eumenes II at Pergamum, 224; census, in Syria-Palestine, 260 (b) Menas at Sestus, 252; Ptolemies at Chalcis, description, 101 §§26–30 Alexandria, 292; Ptolemy V in Chandragupta, 57 ch. 55; see also A´soka Egyptian temples, 283 ll. 34f.; see chiliarch, 26, 31 also city foundations, town planning chiliastys, 130, 135, 155 Byzantium, 275; and Rhodes, 112; and Chios: and Alexander, 6; and Aetolia, 64; Black Sea trade, 112, 114; and Celts, exports to Egypt, 298 159 chrematistai, 290 ll. 214–20, 318 Chremonides, Athenian statesman, 61, calendar: Seleucid and Babylonian, 158; 63 Macedonian and Egyptian, 271, chronology: reign of Alexander and age of 283; intercalary month, 139 l. 20, Successors, 1; Seleucids, 158; 230 l. 5; of sacriﬁces, 148; reform of Attalids, 224 calendar under Ptolemy III, 271 Chryseis, wife of Antigonus Doson, 111 Callias of Sphettus, 55 Cilicia, 21, 26, 30, 203, 266, 272, 279, Callicrates of Samos, 259, 295 n. 3 291; piracy, 176, 220, 291 Callisthenes, and Alexander, 12 Cineas, 59 (b)

608

General index

citizen, the ideal, 108, 115, 153, 174 ll. coinage, see pp. 9–15 and the list of 64–78 illustrations; in Achaean League, 67 citizen–slave antithesis, 105 and n. 2, 174 ch. 37; Achaeus, 180; Alexander, 6 n. ll. 45, 51 1, 10 n. 1, 122 n. 2; Areus, 61 n. 6; citizenship Athenian ‘New Style’, 125, 129 §IV in Aetolian League, 64; in Achaean (silver); at Babylon, 163 (copper); at League, 67, 68; Rome and, 74; Delos, 122 (silver and gold); at criteria for, at Cyrene, 29 Ecbatana, 185 (Antiochus III, silver grants of: at Athens, 32; at Rhodes, to and gold); Ephesus, 249 n. 3; slaves, 47 (b); at Teos, 48 A §5, 117; Eupolemus 40; Molon, 181 n. 12; at in Sparta, 69 (b), 70 (b), 87;in Olbia, 115 (gold and copper); Thessaly, 74; at Itanos, 108;at Rhodian, 238; Seleucia, 222 n. 3; Oropus, 119; at Ephesus, 130;at decrees on, 123 (Gortyn, bronze), Histiaea, 134; at Samos, 155;at 125 (Delphic Amphictyony, silver), Seleucia, 206; at Smyrna, 174;at 252 ll. 44–9 (Sestus, bronze); Apollonia, 201; at Aegina, 245;at punishment for counterfeiting, 124 Pergamum, 248; at Samothrace, (bronze/silver); money changers, 125 269; see also citizen, citizen–slave n. 4; royal concession of right, 221 antithesis, homopoliteia, isopoliteia, (Antiochus VII and the Jews); use of, sympoliteia, synoecism in synoecism, 174 l. 55 (Smyrna and city foundations: by Alexander, 1, 8, 21, Magnesia); Ptolemaic gold coinage, 22, 185; by the Successors, 48; 299; see also banks, gold Seleucid, 57 chs. 57–8, 58; Attalid, (coinage) cf. 236; Ptolemaic, 272, 293 colonies (military): Thracian, 34; class divisions Macedonian at Carrhae, 36; in Caria, in Egypt: Greeks and natives, 277 40; Jewish in Asia Minor, 215 chs. in Greek world, 92, 93; Ephesus, 5; 147–53; Magnesia, 174; Tyriaion, Chios, 6; Cyrene, 29; Athens, 32, 236; Cardaces, 238 and n. 2; 55; Syracuse, 33; Sicily, 59 (b); Pergamum, 248; upper Caicus, 249 Sparta, 69, 70, 79, 87; Boeotia, 94, n. 4; Ptolemaic Egypt, 275 ch. 65, 102; Crete, 108, 109, 144; Rhodes, 314; Jewish in Egypt, 261 110; Aegina, 245; Pergamum (revolt colonists, from Greek cities: to Libya and of Aristonicus), 248–51 Carthage, 41; to Lysimachea, 195, see also democracy, exiles, homonoia, 196; from Magnesia to Antioch in oligarchy, tyrants Persis, 190 ll. 15–20; Cyrene, 29; Clearchus of Soloi, 186 Samothrace, 269 (side B); see also city Cleomenes of Naucratis, 15 foundations, colonies (military), Cleomenes III of Sparta, 69–71, 78 population Cleopatra II Selene, 291 competitions: in Greek world, 137, Cleopatra III, 291 140–1, 143, 252; ‘crowned’, 138 n. cleruchs, in Ptolemaic Egypt, 314; see also 14, 190, 237; in Ptolemaic Egypt, colonies (military) 294 Cnossus, 113 §XV; and Miletus, 107; and compulsory labour: Asia Minor, 194 col. Dreros, 109; honours a doctor, 144 1; Ptolemaic Egypt, 264, 308, Coele Syria, disputed between Ptolemies 313 and Seleucids, 92, 181, 182, 183–4, concord, Alexander and, 18; see homonoia 193, 216, 275–7 conquest, right of, 37 n. 4; see monarchy, military character of

609

General index

conscription: Cnossus, Cydonia, Dreros, Gortyn, of Egyptians, for army, 277; for navy, Hierapytna, Itanos, Lyttus, 312 and n. 1 Praisos of Greeks: by Alexander, 6;by crown gold, 132 n. 11, 170 and n. 2 Successors, 38 l. 44; by Antigonus cult associations, 143, 150 and Demetrius, 50 cults of Orientals: by Alexander, 18;by Babylonian, 163, 166 Successors, 34; by Seleucids, 184, Egyptian, 271, 276, 283, 290, 296 203 of Greek cities: Alexandria, 8, 300; contempt, notion of, 78 n. 10 Apollonia (?), 235; Athens, 42, 43, contests, see competitions 54, 55; Cos, 65–6; Daphne, 204; Corinth, 72, 84; capture of Acrocorinth Delos, 122, 151; Magnesia, 189, by Aratus, 67 ch. 43, 71; sacked by 190; Myconos, 148; Paros, 128; Rome, 100, 220; border settlement Peloponnese, 73 ch. 106; Pergamum, with Epidaurus, 156 247; Priene, 149; Seleucia by the sea Corinthian League, of Philip and (in Pieria), 57 ch. 58, 207; Seleucia Alexander, 3, 5 n. 9, 6, 7; revived by on the Tigris, 57 ch. 58; Sestus, 252; Antigonus and Demetrius, 50 Stiris and Medeon, 154 corn supply: of Greek cities, 130, 225;of Jewish, 214–17 Alexandria, 310; Egypt and, 111, see also dynastic cult, priests, ruler cult 271 ll. 17–18 curse, see imprecation, oath corn trade, 130; Black Sea and, 114; custom dues, 118 n. 4; Eupolemus, 40; Ptolemies and, 269 n. 6 Oropus, 101 §7; Byzantium, 112; Cos: laws of, 48 A §8 and B; and Delphi, Alexandria and Pelusium, 298; 60; asylia of, 65–6; doctors from, exemption from: Rhodians, 111, 144; homopoliteia with Calymnus, 205 §11; Philetaerus and Cyzicus, 151; judges from, at Naxos, 257; 225; Miletus, 259 and Ptolemies, 1 §19, 153, Cydonia, 106, 107 257 Cyme, 226 council, of kings, 3 (a), 181 and n. 5 Cyprus, 1, 21, 44, 55, 57; corn from, 271 courts, of kings: 70 (a) (general); 1. 17; and Ptolemies, 285, 291 Alexander, 12, 17, 18; Antigonids, Cyrene: and Ophellas, 41; and Ptolemies, 71, 90, 96 ch. 32; Seleucids, 132, 29, 254; and Ptolemy VIII, 288; 162, 169, 181, 182, 204, 206; bequeathed to Rome by Ptolemy Attalids, 208, 240, 244, 247; VIII, 289, by Ptolemy Apion, 291; Ptolemies, 255, 261, 275, 277, 280, constitution, 29 286; see also ‘friends’ Cyzicus, 110, 209 (b), 212, 275; and craftsmen, 140 (2); provision of, by kings, Attalids, 240 n. 1 111, 238; see also artisans Crannon, in Thessaly, 121 Daphne, 160, 204, 208, 213 Craterus, 1, 14, 17, 21, 26 Darius III, 1, 7 Crete: social and political conditions, debts (private), in Alexander’s army, 17;at 106–9, 113, 152; in Chremonidean Teos, 48 A §§6 and 10; in Boeotia, war, 61; and Nabis, 79; and Athens, 102; at Olbia, 115; (public), at 106; and Miletus, 107; and Rhodes, Olbia, 115; at Halicarnassus, 118;at 113; and Ptolemies, 265, 291; Oropus, 119; at Istria, 120;at mercenaries from, 113 n. 4, 184, Crannon, 121; collectors of public 203; piracy, 106, 107, 113; see also debts, at Beroea, 137; at Stiris

610

General index

and Medeon, 154; cancellation of Lysimachea, 195, 196; Jerusalem, debts, 108 n. 2 215; see also population dedications: at Rhodes, 110, 111;at diadem, 44 n. 1, 71, 208 Tegea, 141; at Epidaurus, 146; diagraphe sporou, 315 Attalus I at Pergamum, 231;on Didyma, 138 §V, 163; and Seleucids, 51, behalf of rulers, 162 ll. 32–3, 175; see also Miletus, Branchidae 269 n. 8 Diodorus of Sicily, p. 6; see Index of Delos, 21, 209 (b); Romans make a free sources port, 98; temple accounts, 122; Diodotus of Bactria, 177 economic life, 122, 127; trade Diodotus Tryphon, 220 (corn), 133 n. 2, 134, (slave), 220; dioiketes: Seleucid, 198 n. 5; Ptolemaic, and Dionysiac artists, 143 (end); cult 296 and n. 8 of Serapis, 151; and Attalids, 228; Dionysia: victories at, 141; proclamation and Ptolemies, 256 of honours at, Athens, 54, 55; Chios, Delphi, 11, 21, 92, 93; and Celts, 60, 78; 64; Amorgos, 105; Paros, 128; Teos, and Aetolia, 64, 72, 88; 143; Samos, 155; Aegina, 245 manumissions at, 147; maxims of Dionysiac artists (technitai), 143 Delphic wisdom, 186; and Attalids, Dionysius I of Syracuse, 33 227, 237, 242; see also Amphictyony, Dionysius Petosarapis, 286 Apollo Dionysus, 10, 12, 54, 148; priesthood of, Demeter, 43, 54, 148, 250 at Priene, 149, at Teos, 191, 199; Demetrias (in Thessaly), 2 Ptolemies and, 255 and n. 11; Demetrias-Sicyon, 49 Dionysus Cathegemon, Attalids and, Demetrius of Phalerum, Athenian 143, 247, 250 statesman and philosopher, 25 doctors, in royal service, 165; public, in Demetrius I Poliorcetes, career and reign, Greek cities, 145; see also 1, 28, 37, 39, 42–4, 49, 52, 54–8, medicine 67 ch. 41, 78 Dodona, 21, 141, 258 Demetrius II of Macedon, 67 ch. 44, 275; doreai, 296 n. 15 corn commission, 133 dreams, 146 n. 5 Demetrius, son of Philip V, 94 Dreros, 107; oath of, 109 Demetrius I of Syria, 218, 224 Droysen, J. G. pp. 1, 4 Demetrius II of Syria, 219 Dura-Europus, 161 Demochares, Athenian statesman, 43 Duris of Samos, 43 democracy: meaning of, 67 n. 1; Dyme in Achaea, 67 ch. 41; convictions Alexander and, 5, 6; kings and, 88, for counterfeiting coins, 124 159 and n. 17, 234 ch. 22; Romans dynastic cult: of Attalids, 143;of and, 100; Athens, 28, 32, 42, 54, Seleucids, 200; of Ptolemies, 143, 55; Cos, 60, 153; Achaean League, 255, 271; see also ruler cult 67 and n. 1; Rhodes, 110, 113 §III; dynasts, 174 n. 6 Hierapytna, 113 §XII; Smyrna, 174; Mylasa, 179 (b); Lampsacus, 197; earthquakes: Ionia, 1 §24; Rhodes, 111; Pergamum, 250 Samos, 145; Caria, 198 n. 3; Syria, Demodamas of Miletus, 51 223 Demosthenes, 3, 11, 59 (b) Ecbatana, described, 185 demotic (in Egypt), 212, 271, 276, 283 economy, see agriculture, coinage, ﬁnances, depopulation: Macedon, 18; Thessaly, 74; gifts, land, population, slaves, Greece, 99; Boeotia, 102; taxation, tribute, trade, traders, war

611

General index

education: in Greek states, 136–9, 242;in Euhemerus of Messene, 46 Sparta, 70 (b); of rulers, 208, 246; Eumenes of Cardia, 17, 26, 30, 31, 34, Alexandria and, 322 57 ch. 53 Egypt, ch. 7 passim; evidence of papyri, Eumenes I of Pergamum, 224; and pp. 8–9; Alexander and, 8, 9, 15; Pergamum, 229; and mercenaries, population of, 255 n. 3; see 230 Ptolemies Eumenes II of Pergamum: career and Egyptians and Greeks, 277 reign, 224, 234, 236–40, 243–5, eklogistes, Seleucid, 168, 201 247; alleged attempt on life, 92, 93; elephants: in war, 14, 31, 34, 92; and Dionysiac artists, 143; and Seleucid, 57 n. 8; Ptolemaic, 263 Antiochus III, 205; and Antiochus Eleusis, 129 IV, 208 Eleutheria, festivals: at Plataea, 63;at Eumenes III of Pergamum (Aristonicus), Larisa, 88 249 n. 2 Elis, 28, 61, 77 (a), 80; general Euphrates, 57 chs. 56, 62, 177, 268 description, 103 Euphron of Sicyon, 32 emigration, see colonists, population Eupolemus, 40 Entella, in Sicily, 131 Europe and Asia, 20, 21, 187, 196 enteuxis, 318 Eurycleides, Athenian statesman, 73 ch. ephebes: Dreros, 109; Samos, 132; 106; honoured by Athens, 74 Athens, 136; Beroea, 137; Teos, 139; Eurydice, wife of Ptolemy I, 254 Sestus, 252 Euthydemus of Bactria, 177, 187, 188 Ephesus, 132, 173, 195; Alexander and, exiles, 78, 93, 94; Thebes, 3; Ephesus, 5; 5; Lysimachus and, 56; Attalus II Chios, 6; Alexander and Greek exiles, and 246; corn supply, 130 19; Cyrene, 29; Sparta, 70 (b), 79, ephors, in Sparta, 61, 69, 70 86; Thisbae, 95; Aradus, 176; Epidaurus, 28, 50; miraculous cures, 146; Antioch, 219 border arbitration with Corinth, 156 exports and imports, 114; see trade epidosis, see subscriptions, public epiphany, divine, 60, 190, 247 (c) festivals, see competitions, cults, dynastic Epirus, 56, 59, 72, 80; see also Olympias cult, ruler cult epistates: Seleucid, 200, 206; Attalid, 245; finances, of Greek cities: Teos and of temples in Ptolemaic Egypt, 290 Lebedus, 48; Olbia, 115; Teos, 117, n. 17 139; Halicarnassus, 118; Oropus, Epitadeus, 69 (a) 119; Istria, 120; Crannon, 121; equality: idea of, in Achaean League, 67 Delos, 122; Samos, 132, 135; ch. 58; Sparta, 69; Macedon, 96 ch. Miletus, 138; Pergamum, 229; 32; kings and, 33 (a), 96 ch. 32, 234 Apollonia (?), 235; royal control over, ch. 22; see also democracy 201 and n. 7; see also benefactors, Erythrae, and Seleucids, 170 coinage, fines, liturgies, taxation estates: of Samians on mainland, 132;in fines: Dreros, 109; Thasos, 126; Delos, Asia Minor, 164, 168, 172, 173, 127; Athens, 129; Samos, 135; 194; in Coele Syria, 193;in Beroea, 137; Miletus, 138; Teos, Ptolemaic Egypt, 296 n. 15 139; Delphi, 242; Pergamum, 253; Euboea, 84; see also Chalcis, Histiaea Syria-Phoenicia, 260; Telmessus, Eucratidas of Bactria, 177, 188 270; Nagidus, 272; Egypt, 296, 297 Eudemus of Miletus, 138 fishing, 101 §24, 122 l. 27, 148 l. 10 euergetai, see benefactors Flamininus, T. Quinctius, 84

612

General index

foreign judges, 155 Seleucid: at Smyrna, 174 l. 56; Old fortifications: Theangela, 40; Sicyon, 49; Magnesia, 174 (c) Athens, 74; Sparta, 87; Thisbae, 95; exemption from, 35, 72, 84 Olbia, 115 (b); Oropus, 119; Cos, Gauls, see Celts 153; Antioch and Apamea, 160; general, see strategos 185 (Ecbatana); see also Genthius of Illyria, 92, 93 forts gifts forts: 28 (Panactum), 31 (Nora), 33 of kings: 70 (a), 111 and n. 14, 209;of (Sicily), 42 (Munychia), 54 and 55 Alexander to followers, 4 (a), 17, 18; (Athens), 62 (Rhamnus), 74 Antigonus to Eumenes, 31,to (Athens), 84 (the ‘fetters of Greece’), Athens, 42; Lysimachus to Rhodes, 96 (Macedon), 109 (Crete), 171 47, to Athens, 54; Ptolemy I to (Lysimachea), 174 (Smyrna), 220 Athens, 55, to Sinope, 300; Ptolemy (Coracesium), 224 and 230 II, 255, to Miletus, 259; Seleucids to (Pergamum), 236 (Tyriaion), 238 Rhodes, 98, Laodice to Iasos, 198; (Cardaces), 249 (Leucae and others), Attalids, Philetaerus to Cyzicus, 225, 261 and 282 (Egypt), 266 to Cyme, 226 (Posideum), 269 (Samothrace), 283 of cities: to Rhodes, 111; Rome to (Lycopolis); see also fortifications Rhodes, 98; Olbia to barbarian foundations (monetary): Samos, 135; chieftains, 115 Miletus, 138; Teos, 139; Iasos, 198; of citizens: at Crannon, 121 Delphi, 242 see also benefactors, crown gold freedom (and autonomy) Glaucon of Athens, 63 of Greek cities, definition, 35, 72, 84; gods, ruler cult and, 12, 43, 46; see also Greek views of, 61, 73 ch. 106, 195, cults, kings 234; kings’ view of, 35, 195, 196, gold (coinage), 48 A §10, 115, 194;of 234 Antiochus III, 185; of Ptolemies, concession of: by Alexander, 5; 299; mines in Nubia, 264; Demetrius to Sicyon, 49; Antiochus gold/silver ratio, 86; see also coinage III to Iasos, 198; Romans to Gortyn: decree on bronze coinage, 123; Heraclea, 202; Antiochus VIII to honours a doctor, 144 Seleucia, 222; Attalus III to governors, see epistates, satraps, strategos Pergamum, 248; see also autonomy, Greek (language): spread of, in Asia, 22; manumission Asia Minor, 168, 241, 244; freedom of Greeks, slogan, 35; Roman use Phoenicia, 140; Sicily, 131; Jews, of, 84 and n. 2 216–17, 261, 280; Egypt, 151, 276, ‘friends’ (philoi), of kings, 31 and n. 3 307, 325, 326; see also hellenisation Greeks, Alexander and, 3, 5–7, 12, 19; see Galatians, see Celts also freedom (and autonomy), garrisons Antigonids, Attalids, Ptolemies, of Antiochus III, 205 §12 Seleucids, Ziaelas Macedonian: at Thebes, 1 §2; Sardis, 5; Greeks and barbarians: antithesis, 7, 12, Chios, 6; Athens, 28, 32, 42, 35, 55, 22, 58, 60, 63, 93, 187, 225 n. 6, 71; Tyre, 35; Peloponnese, 67 chs. 272 l. 23, 307; practical relations, 41, 43; of Philip V, 84 112, 114–16, 252; exclusion of Ptolemaic: at Sicyon, 49; Syria, 57 chs. non-Greeks from panhellenic 52, 53; Jerusalem, 215; (?) Itanos, festivals, 140; from citizenship, 174 265; Thera, 287 ll. 45, 51; see also Celts, Egyptians

613

General index

Greeks and barbarians (cont.) Heracles, son of Alexander, 1 §18 and n. and Greeks, hellenisation, Jews, 21 Thracians Heracles, ancestor of Argeads, 9, 12; and Greeks and Macedonians, 3, 12, 27 and gymnasia, 137 and n. 5 n. 4, 78, 217 n. 3 Hermeias, 181 Grote, George, p. 1 Hermes, and gymnasia, 137 and n. 5 gymnasiarch, 74, 139, 149 §IV, 250, Hierapolis, honours Apollonis, 240 252, 295; law on, at Beroea, 137 Hierapytna: treaty with Rhodes, 113; gymnasium: general, 137, 318; Sparta, 70 treaty with Praisos, 152 (b); Abydus, 81; Athens, 101 §1; Hiero II of Syracuse, 111 Chalcis, 101 §28; Rhodes, 110; hieroglyphs, 271, 283 Paros, 128; Soloi, 193 n. 1; hieromnemones, 64, 88, 125 Jerusalem, 216, 217; Sestus, 252; Hieronymus of Cardia, 26 n. 3 Antioch, 266; Alexandria, hieropoioi, at Delos, 122 292 §10 Hippomedon, 269 Histiaea, corn supply, 134 Halicarnassus, 55, 155; construction of a ‘holy and inviolate’: Elis, 103; Teos, 191, stoa, 118 199; see asylia Hannibal, 59 (a), 205 §7; treaty with Homer, Alexander and, 4 (a), 8 (b) Philip V, 76 homonoia (concord), 63 harbours homopoliteia, 153 Alexandria, 292; Berenice, 262; honours: gods and men, 12; Greek cities to Chalcis, 101 §29; Hierapytna, 113 kings, 39, cancellation of, 82; Greek §11; Laodicea, 160 §9; Rhodes, 110; cities to benefactors, 115; rulers to Seleucia, 266 col. II; Stiris and themselves, 200, 242; see also Medeon, 154 cults harbour dues: Macedon, 89; Rhodes, hostages, 11, 105, 241; to Rome, 98 Aetolian, 86, Macedonian, 96 ch. harbour regulations, Thasos, 126; see 32, Seleucid, 205 §15, 217, 218 also customs Harpalus, 16 Iasos, Laodice and, 198 Hebrew, 216 Ilium, 80, 173; Alexander and, 4 (a), 21; Hecataeus of Abdera, 214 Antiochus I and, 162, 164, 165 hegemon, 7, 50 Illyria, 72, 76, 77 (a), 80, 92, 93, 96 Heliodorus, Seleucid minister, 216 imports: from Black Sea, 114; to Egypt, Hellenic League: of Antigonus and 298; see trade Demetrius, 50; of Antigonus Doson, imprecation, 81, 82, 108, 109, 139; see 72 also oath hellenisation: of Asia, 22, 57 ch. 57, 58, India: Alexander in, 13, 16; after 186; in Sicily, 131; Asia Minor, 168, Alexander, 26 (b), 30; Seleucids and, 173, 194, 241; Phoenicia, 140; Jews, 57 ch. 55, 178, 187; Bactrian kings 217, 261, 280; Egypt, 271, 306, and, 188 325; see also city foundations inscriptions, pp. 7–8; see Index of ancient helots, in Sparta, 69 (b), 70 (b), 79 sources Hephaestion, 17, 21, 26, 57 ch. 57 intellectuals, relations with kings, 12, 59, Hera, 108; at Samos, 132, 135 255, 322; see also philosophers Heraclea under Mount Latmus, 202 irrigation, in Ptolemaic Egypt, 313, 319 Heracle(i)a Pontica, 159 ll. 29–40; see Nile

614

General index

Isis, 210, 212, 271, 276, 283, 305, in Ptolemaic Egypt; royal, 290 and n. 316 11; sacred (temple), 290 and n. 9; isopoliteia: Chios and Aetolia, 64; Entella, cleruchic, 314; gift (en doreai), 296 131; Hierapytna and Praisos, 152; and n. 15; ge en aphesei, 290 and n. Arsinoe in Cilicia and Nagidus, 10; uncultivated, 325 n. 5 272 redistribution of land, 79, 108 n. 2 Isthmia, 84 royal (crown) land: in Asia Minor, 48 A Istria, 116, 120 §10, 164, 173; attached to civic Italy, 59 (b), 73, 76 land, 164 and n. 5, 173 Itanos, 107; oath of loyalty, 108; and temple land, in Syria, 172 Ptolemy III, 265 see also agriculture ivory, 213, 263 language, see demotic, Greek (language), Hebrew, hieroglyphs Jerusalem, 215, 216, 217, 221, 261 Laodice, wife of Antiochus II, 173, Jews: view of Alexander, 24; Greek view 266 of, 214; Antiochus III and, 215; Laodice, wife of Antiochus III, 191; and Seleucus IV and, 216; Antiochus IV Iasos, 198; dynastic cult, 200 and, 217; Antiochus VII and, 221; Laodicea in Media, 200 Ptolemies and, 261, 280 Laodicea in Syria, 160, 210 judges, see arbitration, chrematistai, foreign Laodicean War, 266 judges, laokritai laoi (basilikoi) (royal peasants): in Asia jurisdiction: in Greek cities, general, 155; Minor, 164 and n. 14; in Ptolemaic Elis, 103; Stiris and Medeon, 154; Egypt, 290 n. 38 Arsinoe and Nagidus, 272; in Attalid laokritai, 290 ll. 215–20 kingdom, 245; in Ptolemaic Egypt, Larisa, in Thessaly, 88; and Philip V, 290 ll. 208–63, 318, 320, 324 74 Justin, 223, 291 laws, of Greek cities: Chios, 6; Cyrene, 29; Teos and Lebedus, 48; Beroea, 137; katochoi, at Memphis, 320 Miletus, 138; Tyriaion, 236; Kerkeosiris, 325 Pergamum, 253; Arsinoe and Kildara, in Caria, 267 Nagidus in Cilicia, 272 kings, assimilation with gods, 42, 43, League: of Greeks at Plataea, 63;of 118, 174 ll. 12, 83, 191, 207; see Ionians, 48 n. 1; of Islanders, 256; monarchy see also Achaean League, Aetolian king–tyrant antithesis, 219 League, Corinthian League, Hellenic kinship, appeal to, 190 n. 6 League leases: at Athens, 150; in Ptolemaic Egypt, Labraunda, sanctuary of Zeus at, 179 302, 306 Lamia, in Aetolia, 142 Lebedus, (abortive) synoecism with Teos, Lamian War, 1 §9, 28, 32, 78 48 lampadarchia (liturgy), 117, 137 ll. Leonidas, Spartan king, 69 (b) 71–83, 149 §IV Leonnatus, 12 ch. 12, 17, 26 Lampsacus: and Antiochus III, 195, 197; Leosthenes, Athenian general, 28 embassy to Massalia and Rome, 197 Libya, see Cyrene land litigation, in Greek cities, 29 §6, 48 A ownership of: in Achaean League, 68; §§6–8, 68, 74, 95, 123, 125–7, distribution of, in Sparta, 69; among 132, 137, 139, 242; see also judges, Jews, 214 jurisdiction

615

General index

liturgies: Teos, 48 A §9, 117; Rhodes, Magnesia near Mount Sipylus, and 110; Samos, 132 n. 8; Priene, 149 Smyrna, 174 §IV; Sestus, 252 l. 50; exemption maladministration: under Alexander, from, 117, 149 §IV 14–16; in Ptolemaic Egypt, 290, loans: by individuals to cities, 115, 120, 308 n. 8 132, 134; by cities to individuals, 48 manpower, see citizenship, depopulation, A §10, 135, 139, 242 population Lucullus, Roman general, 223 Mantinea, 61 Lycia, 203; and Rhodes 91, 98; and manumission (of slaves): at Rome, 74; Attalids, 238; and Ptolemies, Delphi, 147; see also slaves 270 market legislation, in Greek cities, 127–9; Lycortas, father of Polybius, 67 ch. see also agoranomoi, coinage, corn 40 trade Lycurgus, Spartan lawgiver, 69, 70 Maronea, 274 Lydia, 26, 30, 203; Alexander and, 5; Masinissa, 92 Antiochus III and, 215; see also Massalia, 110; and Rome and Lampsacus, Sardis 197 Lygdamis, Cimmerian king, 53 Medeon, sympoliteia with Stiris, 154 Lysimachea, 1 §19, 56, 57 ch. 62, 159, Media, 30, 57 chs. 53, 55, 181 ch. 44, 273, 274; treaty with a king 200, 268; see esp. 185 Antiochus, 171; restored by medicine, 144–6, 165; see also doctors Antiochus III, 195, 196; conference Megalopolis, 67 ch. 44, 68, 72, 167, at, 196 209 (b) Lysimachus, career and reign, 1 §25, 26 Megara, 42, 54; arbitration between (a), 37–9, 44, 47, 53, 54, 56, 57, 67 Corinth and Epidaurus, 156 ch. 41, 159, 183, 196, 224, 254, Meleager, Seleucid ofﬁcial, 164, 259 n. 2; see esp. 56 165 Lyttus, in Crete, 109 Memnon of Heracleia, historian, 159 Memphis, 1 §11, 212, 275, 326; synod of Maccabees, 216, 217, 221 Egyptian priests, 276, 283; crowning Macedon, chs. 1–3 passim and 159; of Ptolemy V, 283; repair of urbanisation and development under embankments, 304; Serapeum and Philip, 18 ch. 9; status of cities, 65; katochoi, 300, 320 manpower and resources, 18, 89, 96; Menas of Sestus, 252 description and geography, 96; Menches of Kerkeosiris, 325 governing class, 96 ch. 32; see also mercenaries, 4 (b), 16, 28, 31, 34, 49, 55, Amphipolis, Beroea, Cassandrea, 62, 79, 87, 113, 116 Pella, Philippi; Alexander, Alexander and, 19; Antigonid, 94; Antigonids, Greeks and Macedonians Seleucid, 160 §10, 184, 203, 219, Magas, half-brother of Ptolemy II, 254 221; Attalid, 230, 236 n. 2, 248; magistrates, in Greek cities, see Ptolemaic, 261, 273, 275, 282, agoranomoi, ambassadors, astynomoi, 323 gymnasiarch, hieropoioi, sitonai, origins, 94, 184, 203, 273, 275, 282; strategos Celts, 159 n. 19; Cretan, 113 n. 4, Magnesia on the Maeander: battle of, 203; 184; Jewish, 215 chs. 147–53, 261; Artemis Leucophryene at, 174 l. 84, Thracian, 230, 269, 273, 275, 294 189, 190; and Antioch in Persis, recruitment, 113 §§VIII, XVIII, 205 190 §10, 275, 282

616

General index

conditions of service, 40, 55, 113, 174 friends, 233 and n. 4, see also III, 230 benefactors, gifts; championship of see also colonies (military) Greeks, 35, 233 and n. 10 Messenia, 80 nature of: origins, 44; military Metrodorus of Amphipolis, doctor, 165 character, 2, 7 and n. 10, 23, 37 n. 4, Micion, Athenian statesman, 73 ch. 106, 44, 57, 90, 162 n. 5, 178, 255 and 74 nn. 4, 5; as personal possession, 162 Miletus, 155; treaty with Cnossus, 107; n. 3; as family inheritance, 183 n. 3, school, 138; and Seleucids, 36, 51, 255 n. 8 175; and Eumenes II, 239 (end); and wealth of, 70 (a), 96 ch. 32, 111, 213, Ptolemy II, 259; see also Branchidae, 233, 255 and n. 6 Didyma see also courts, diadem, dynastic cult, mines, in Macedon, 18 ch. 9, 89, 96; gold education, intellectuals, kings, mines of Ptolemies, 264 queens, royal title, ruler cult, satraps, Mithridates II of Pontus, 111 usurpers Mithridates VI of Pontus, 223 money changers, in Greek cities, 125 and Mnevis, 271 n. 8 n. 4 Molon, revolt of, 181 monopolies, in Ptolemaic Egypt, 297 monarchy, Hellenistic Mummius, L., 100 dynastic working: accession, Seleucids, munificence, see benefactors, gifts 158, Antiochus I, 162, Antiochus Muses, 138, 143 III, 181, Antiochus IV, 208, Museum, see Alexandria Ptolemy V, 282, 283; succession, Myconos, calendar of sacrifices, 148 Lysimachus, 56, Ptolemy I and II, 57 Mylasa, in Caria, slave trade, 104; ch. 62; co-regency, Seleucids, 158 relations with Seleucids, 179 and n. 5, Attalids, 242, 245, Myndus, 155 Ptolemies, 211, 286, 288; dynastic Mytilene, 48 A§6 marriages, 92, Alexander, 17, Successors, 35, 41, 56, 57 ch. 62, Nabis of Sparta, 79, 80 Seleucids, 187, 200 and n. 4, 234 Nagidus, in Cilicia, 272 ch. 20, 254, 266, Attalids, 224, 240, naubia, 313 247 (c), Ptolemies, 254 and nn. 2–3, Naucratis, 284, 294 n. 7 255, 266, 282, 291; dynastic Naupactus, Peace of, 73 conflicts, 56, 57, 176 and n. 3, 180, navy: of Alexander, 6; of Rhodes, 110, 181, 223, 233 n. 9, 254, 291 111; of Philip V, 84 ch. 44; of and eastern monarchy, 158, 163, 166 Seleucids, 205 §8; of Ptolemies, 258, (Seleucids and Babylon), 212, 254, 312 and n. 1 268, 271, 276, 283, 326 (Ptolemies Naxos, and Ptolemy II, 257 and Pharaohs) Nearchus, 17 governing class of, 31 and n. 3; council Nemean Games, 140 of kings, 3 (a), 181 and n. 5 neoi, 123 n. 3, 250 (end) ideology of, 45, 52, 70 (a), 91, 178, Nicephoria, 231 n. 2, 245 209, 233, 240 (b), 271, 276, 283; Nicomedes I of Bithynia, 66, 159 qualities expected: piety, 209 n. 5, Nile, river, 255 and n. 2 300, 261 (b); justice, 14, 52, 245, nomarch, in Egypt, 296 and n. 16 283, 290, 318, 319, 321; dynastic harmony, 208, 233 and n. 9, 240 oath: ratifying treaties, 38, 39, 40 and n. and n. 1; generosity, 111 n. 14, to 7, 113 §§XX, XXII, 171; other

617

General index

oath (cont.) pasturing, right of, 152; Ptolemaic tax on, contexts, 81, 118 n. 5, 138 §III, 297 col. 319 ll. 165–73; see also cattle 56, 316; of soldiers to kings at Patroclus, 62 accession, 282; oath formulas, 40 Pausanias, 146, value as a source, 254; see and n. 7; see also imprecation Index of sources oikonomos: Seleucid, 173; Ptolemaic, 319 peace (named peace treaties), of 311, 37; oil, for gymnasium, 111, 137, 225, 235, of Naupactus, 73; of Phoenice, 80; 236, 252, 287; Ptolemaic monopoly, of Apamea, 205; see also alliances, 297; olive oil: cultivation in Boeotia, treaties 101; exported to Black Sea, 114; not peasants, see laoi produced in Bactria, 188 peliganes, Macedonian magistracy, Olbia, 115 210 oligarchy: at Ephesus, 5; Chios, 6; Athens, Pella, 94, 96; Apamea called, 160 §10 28, 32, 42, 54, 55; Cyrene, 29; Peloponnese, 28, 32, 55; united by Itanos, 108; oath against, at Cos, Achaean League, 67; Cleomenes III 153 and, 71; lifestyle, 73 ch. 106 olive, see oil Pelusium, 292, 297 cols. 52, 54, 298 Olympia, 77 (a); see Olympic Games peraea: of Samos, 53, 132, 135 §§3–4; of Olympias, mother of Alexander, 1 §14, 3, Aradus, 176; of Samothrace, 269 16, 28, 31, 35, 57 ch. 54 Perdiccas, 1 §11, 4 (a), 21, 26, 27, 30, 57 Olympic Games, 19, 103, 252 ch. 52, 292 §8 Olympichus, dynast in Caria, 179 Pergamum, 56, 208; Attalids and, 224; Onias III, High Priest of Jews, 216 Eumenes I and, 229; dedications by Ophellas, Macedonian general, 1 §§10, Attalus I, 231; Attalus III and, 247 19, 41 (c); Rome and, 250, 251; municipal Opis, 18 administration, 253 oracle: of Ammon, 9, 47 (b); of Apollo at perioikoi, in Sparta, 69 (b), 70 (b) Delphi, 12 ch. 11, 189, 190, 300;of Persepolis, 10 Apollo at Didyma, 42 n. 6, 175; the Perseus, reign of, 91–4, 96, 211 ‘Potter’s oracle’, 326 Persians, 174 l. 105, 268; and Alexander, orgeones, 150 ch. 1 passim, 31; and Babylon, 167; Orontes river, 160 Ptolemies and, 268 n. 8; Persian Oropus, description, 101 §§6–7; Wars, 7, 11, 63, 101 §11 fortiﬁcation work, 119; feud with phalanx, 34, 83, 94, 184, 203, Athens, 157 275 Osiris, 283 Pharaohs, Ptolemies as, 212, 268, 271, Oxus, river, 186, 188 276, 283 Oxyrhyncha, 324 Philadelphia, in Fayum, 302, 303, 306, Palestine, see Jews, Syria 307 Panchaea, 46 philanthropa (benefactions), 290 Panionion, 48 n. 1 Philetaerea, 230 papyri, pp. 8–9; see Index of ancient Philetaerus, 56, 224, 225, 226–8 sources Philip II of Macedon, 2, 3, 5, 7, 18, 21, Parian Marble, 1 28, 45, 52, 56 Paropanisadae, 26, 30 Philip III of Macedon, see Arrhidaeus Paros, 1; honours an agoranomos, Philip V of Macedon, 224, 274; reign, 128 72–4, 76–7, 80–2, 84, 88, 89; and Parthia, rise of, 177, 220 Caria, 179; and Antiochus III, 192,

618

General index

196; and Rome, 197, 232, 234; and Iasos, 198; Jews, 214, 215; Ptolemy V, 282 Lysimachea, 195, 196; Macedon, 18, Philippi, in Macedon, 65 89; Rhodes, 110; Rome, 74; Sparta, Philippides, Athenian poet, 54 69, 70, 79, 87; Thessaly, 74; see also Philocles of Sidon, 256 n. 1 citizenship, isopoliteia, sympoliteia philoi, see ‘friends’ Poseidon, 43, 148 Philopoemen, Achaean statesman, 67 ch. Poseidonius, 160 §4, 220 n. 4 40 post, of Ptolemies, 309 philosophers: and kings, 12, 22, 59 (b); in Praisos, 107; treaty with Hierapytna, 152 Athens, 101 §1; see also intellectuals prices, 115, 128, 130, 135, 297; of slaves, Phocis, 28, 84; and Social War, 72; 147 sympoliteia of Stiris and Medeon, Priene, and Lysimachus, boundary dispute 154 with Samos, 53; priesthood of Phoenice, Peace of, 80 Dionysus, 149 Phoenicia, 1 §12, 21, 58, 140, 176, 216; priests see also Coele Syria, Syria of dynastic cults, 190, 200, 207, 271 n. Phrygia, 203, 215 chs. 147, 149 3, cf. 193, 204, 247 Phylarchus, historian, 69, 70 Egyptian, 271, 276, 283, 290, 300, piety: of kings, 209 n. 5; of Panchaeans, 308 46; of Dionysiac artists, 143;of in Greek cities, 29 §3, 81, 82, 113, A´soka, 178; of Magnesians, 190;of 128, 143, 148, 154, 162, 204, 207, Romans, 199;ofJews,215;of 232, 242, 247, 250, 300; individuals, 128 (end), 133, 151, appointment and duties, 149 247, 269 High Priest of Jews, 214, 216, 221, piracy, 23, 47, 50, 104 261 Piraeus, 1 §20, 28, 42, 54, 55, 129, 232 of ruler cults, 42, 162, 252 ll. 26f. Pithon, Macedonian general, 27 of Serapis, 151, 210; of Zeus of Plataea, description, 101 §11; festival of Baetocaece, 172; of Cybele, 244;of Eleutheria, 63, 101 §11 Zeus Sabazius, 247 Plato, 22 prisoners of war, 7, 54, 62, 84, 86, 87, plunder, see booty 100, 103, 168, 205 §7, 261, 264 Plutarch, pp. 6–7, 62, 50; see Index of processions (religious), 138 n. 17, 148, ancient sources 213, 247 (a), 258 policemen (phylakitai), in Ptolemaic proedria, 54, 55, 64, 149 §11, 155, 168, Egypt, 290 n. 33 201, 252 l. 101 poll tax, Seleucid, 215 ch. 142; Attalid, proskynesis, Alexander and, 12 238 l. 10 Protogenes of Olbia, 115 Polybius, pp. 7, 62, 69, 71; see Index of proxenos (kai euergetes), 48 A §5, 119, ancient sources 133, 155 Polyperchon, 31, 35, 37 n. 3, 38, 59 (a) Prusias I of Bithynia, 80, 84, 111 Pompey, Roman general, 223 Prusias II of Bithynia, 92, 97, 224 Pontus, kingdom of, 159; see also Ptolemaieia, 256 and n. 4 Mithridates Ptolemais, 293 Popilius Laenas, C., 211 Ptolemies, ch. 7 passim population: Alexandria, 8, 323; Antioch general view, 255, 258, 274; Egyptian in Persis, 190; Boeotia, 102; view of, 326; wealth, 255 and n. 6; Cardaces, 238; Egypt, 255 and n. 3, dynastic cults, 255 and n. 12; 261 (b); Elis, 103; Greece, 41, 99; military power, 255 and n. 5, navy,

619

General index

Ptolemies (cont.) Ptolemy IV Philopator, 73 ch. 105; 255, 258, 312 n. 1, army, 261 (b), 273, general policy, 274; reign, 181, 182, 275, 277, 282, 314; and Persians, 183–4, 189, 192, 274–7, 282; and 268 n. 8; and Alexander, 271 n. 1; gymnasia, 318 role of queens, 254 n. 1, 290, 291 Ptolemy V Epiphanes, 192; and Samos, and Egypt: cultural policy, 255, 261, 145; accession and reign, 282–4 292; as Pharaohs, 271, 276, 283, Ptolemy VI Philometor, 92; and contrast 326; and native cults, 271, Antiochus IV, 211, 212, 217; and 276, 283, 290, 296; governing class, Ptolemy VIII, 211, 286, 288–9; and 275 and n. 2, 302 n. 2; Thera, 287 administration and revenues, 290, Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II: and Antiochus 296, 297, 315, 319; city IV, 211, 212, 217; and Ptolemy VI, foundations, 272, 293; and Jews, 211, 286, 288–9; and Alexandria, 261 322–3; ‘benefactions’ of, 290 foreign possessions, 255 and n. 4 Ptolemy IX Soter, 222, 291 foreign policy: in third century, 274, Ptolemy X Alexander, 291 and Greeks, 35, 55, 61, 62, 256, Ptolemy Apion, 291 and Rhodes, 47, and Antigonids, 55, Ptolemy, son of Lysimachus, 238 n. 2 61, and Seleucids, 183, 184, 192, Ptolemy, son of Thraseas, 193 193, 211, 266, 291 purple: mark of royalty, 18 ch. 9, 59 (a), see also monarchy 70 (a), 71; mark of rank, 94, 96 ch. Ptolemy Ceraunus, 57 ch. 62, 67 ch. 41, 32, 213 78, 159, 224 Pyrrhus of Epirus, 56, 59 Ptolemy I Soter, 67 ch. 41, 258; source of Pythian festival, 88, 93, 237 Arrian, pp. 5–6; cited, 9, 13; career and reign, 1, 26, 30, 31, 35, 36, queens, see Apollonis, Arsinoe, Berenice, 37–9, 42, 44, 47, 49, 55–7, 254; Chryseis, Cleopatra, Laodice, and Cyrene, 29; and Coele Syria, Olympias, Stratonice 183; and Greeks, 256; and Alexander, 292 §8; and Serapis, race mixture: Alexander and, 17, 18, 21, 300; dynastic cult of, 255 and 22; at Cyrene, 29; in Syria-Phoenicia, n. 12 260 (b); at Alexandria, 323 Ptolemy II Philadelphus, 1 §19, 118 (?); Raphia, battle of, 184, 275, 276; general view, 254, 255, 258; consequences of, 277 Chremonidean War, 61–3; ‘First redistribution of land, 79, Syrian War’, 163; establishes 108 n. 2 Ptolemaieia, 256; animal hunts, 258, Red Sea, Ptolemy II and, 262 263, 281; government and registration, see census administration: in Egypt, 296, 298, religion, see ambassadors (sacred), cults, 309, 311, 312, in Syria and dynastic cult, gods, oath, oracle, Phoenicia, 260; gold coinage, 299; piety, priests, processions, sacriﬁces, and Naxos, 257; and Miletus, 259; sanctuaries and Red Sea, 262 rents, at Delos, 122 Ptolemy III Euergetes, 118 (?); and Cos, reprisal, right of, 50; see asylia 66; and Rhodes, 111; and Samos, requisition: of oxen at Teos, 117;in 132; and Crete, 265; ‘Third Syrian Ptolemaic Egypt, 317 War’, 182, 266–8, 271; and Serapis, revenues, see ﬁnances, taxation 300 revolution, see class divisions

620

General index

Rhodes, 209 (b), 275; history, policy, 272, 283, 287, 295, 296, 301; foreign relations, 1 §23, 35, 47, 78, calendar of, 148; Jews and, 214–15, 98, 110–13; and Attalus I, 81, 224, 217, 261 (b); see also dynastic cult, 232; and Antiochus III, 205 §11; ruler cult and Rome, 78, 224, 232, 234; and salaries, see wages corn trade, 130, 134 sales: in Athens, 129; of land to Laodice, rich and poor: at Rhodes, 110; at Aegina, 173; in Egypt, 319 ll. 174–83, of oil, 245; see class divisions 297 roads: in central Greece, 101; in territory Samos: Athenian cleruchy at, 19, 28 n. 6; of Pergamum, 253 boundary dispute with Priene, 53; Rome, 2, 20, 67 chs. 43–4, 73, 83, 157, honours Boulagoras, 132; corn law, 177, 291; and citizenship, 74; and 135; honours a doctor, 145; honours slave trade, 220 foreign judges, 155; and Lysimachus, and Pyrrhus, 59 (b); and Aetolian 53; and Ptolemies, 256 n. 3 League, 77, 84–6, 88; and Philip V, Samothrace, 173; and Ptolemies, 269 76, 77, 80, 84, 89, 197; and Greek sanctuaries: of Ammon at Siwah, 9; cities, 84, 157, 197, 199, 202; and Apollo at Daphne, 204, at Didyma, Perseus, 92–6; and Rhodes, 78, 98, 175, at Delos, 122, 133, at Delphi, 232, 234; and Prusias II, 97; and 60; Artemis at Daphne, 204,at Achaean League, 100, 157; and Magnesia, 189, at Sardis, 194; Seleucids, 2, 196, 197, 199, 202–3, Asclepius at Epidaurus, 146; 205, 209, 211–13, 218, 223, 291; Babylon, 166; Cabiri at Samothrace, and Attalids, 224, 232, 234, 236, 269; Egypt, 271, 283, 290, 296, 237, 239, 244, 248–51; and 297; Jerusalem, 214–17, 261 (b); Ptolemies, 282, 288, 289, 291; cult Serapis, 301, at Delos, 151,at of Rome, 250 and n. 3 Laodicea, 210; at Memphis, 320; Roxane, 17, 26, 30, 35, 37 Zeus of Baetocaece, 172 royal title: use of, by Alexander, 6 and n. Sardis, 132, 163; and Alexander, 5; loan 1; assumption of, by Successors, 42 (?) by temple of Artemis, 194; n. 6, 44, by Attalus I, 224, 233; Seleucid archives at, 173,cf.163 conceded by Antiochus III to sarissa, 70 (b), 83, 90 Euthydemus, 187; denial of, by satraps: under Alexander, 5, 14; under Athens to Antigonus and Demetrius, Successors, 26, 30, 31, 34, 35, 57; 54 and n. 5, by Antiochus II to Seleucid, 57 ch. 62, 160, 163, 164, Laodice, 173, by Attalus I to 172, 173, 181, 187, 200, 215, 266; Seleucids, 231; not used in cult of in Bactria, 188 deceased kings, 190 n. 1, 207 and n. saviour (soter), 176; Demetrius at Athens, 7 42; Flamininus, 84; Antiochus I, ruler cult: Greek cities and kings, 39; 162; Antiochus III, 191; Eumenes II, Antigonids, 71, 134, 232; Seleucids, 240 and n. 2; Ptolemy I, 162 n. 9; Attalids, 245 n. 8; 255 n. 13 Ptolemies, 256, 272, 295; Scepsis, and Antigonus, 38, 39; and opposition to, 12, 43, 82; abolition Antiochus I, 164 of, Athens and Philip V, 82 schools: at Miletus, 138; Teos, 139; see also education sacriﬁces, 60, 111, 150, 153, 154, 162, scribes, in Egypt, 290 n. 28 168, 172, 232, 235, 242, 247, 250, Scythians, 115, 177 252, 256, 265, 267, 269, 270, 271, Scythopolis, in Palestine, 193

621

General index

Seleucia in Pieria, 160 n. 9; foundation, Serapeum: at Alexandria, 292 §10 and n. 57 chs. 57–8; status, 182; and 10; at Delos, 151; at Laodicea, 210 Seleucus IV, 206; priesthoods, 207; Serapis, cult of: at Delos, 151; at Laodicea, freedom of, 222 210; in Egypt, 300, 301, 320 Seleucia on the Tigris, 160 §5, 163, 190 Sestus, 252 (end); foundation, 57 chs. 57–8; and ships: merchant, 126; war, see navy Babylon, 167 shortages: Babylon, 163; Sestus, 252 ll. Seleucids, ch. 5 passim, 291; designation, 55–9; Egypt, 271 ll. 13–19 216 n. 2; era of, 57 n. 5, 158; Sicily, 20, 21, 33, 41, 59, 67 ch. 43, 131 chronology, 158; foundation of Sicyon, 28, 32; refounded by Demetrius, empire, 57, 58; Macedonian 49; joins Achaean League, 67 ch. 43 character, 57 ch. 57, 160 §10, 166, Sidon, 140 167, 210; capital city, 58 and n. 5, siege: of Rhodes, 1 §23, 47; of Tyre, 35;of 160; city foundations, 57 ch. 57 and Sicyon, 49; of Abydus, 81; of Samos, n. 13, 58; and Greek cities, 162 n. 145; Antiochus III, 195;of 15; cults: Greek, 162 and n. 9, Lycopolis, 283 ll. 22–6. dynastic, 200, 207, and native, 163, silver, see coinage 166, 172, 215–17; administration of Silver Shields, 18 ch. 11, 30, 34, 184, 203 land, 161, 164, 169, 172, 173, 194; Sinope, 300 armies, 184, 203, 213, 215 chs. sitologoi, in Egypt, 290 n. 23 147–53; taxation, 170 and n. 3, 215 sitonai, 115 l. 65, 132–5 and n. 3, 216; and Attalids, see slaves, 62, 103, 105, 115 (b), 125, 129 Attalids; and Ptolemies, see §§V–IX, 194, 195, 215 ch. 144, Ptolemies; and Rome, see Rome; see 250 also monarchy exclusion from gymnasium, 137 (side Seleucis, 162, 174; description, 160 B), from schools, 138, 139,from Seleucus, son of Antiochus I, 163 n. 9 citizenship, 174 ll. 45, 52, 74; legal Seleucus I Nicator, 67 ch. 41, 158, 166, penalties on, 125 l. 6, 129 §1, 253 ll. 185, 224; career and reign, 1 §16, 189–95; tax on, at Teos, 117 17, 26, 30, 36, 37, 44, 51, 56, see freeing of, 87, in war, 47 (b), 81, 100; especially 57, 159; foundations, 57 manumissions, 147; runaway, 40, chs. 57–8, 58, 160, 167; and Coele 86, 205 l. 7 Syria, 183; and Thrace, 159, 196; origins, 147, 260 (b); from Black Sea, death, 159; deification and cult, 190, 114; prices, 147 207 recruitment: sale of war captives, 3, 10, Seleucus II, 111, 158, 160 §4; and 87, 96 n. 6, 100; piracy, 104, 220; Smyrna, 174; and Miletus, 175; war prohibition of enslavement of natives with Antiochus Hierax, 176, 177; in Syria-Phoenicia, 260 (b) and Caria, 179; death, 180; revolts, 248, 249 deification and cult, 190, 207 Romans and, 74 Seleucus III, 158, 180, 181; deification see also helots, manumission and cult, 190, 207 Smyrna: and Seleucus II, 174; and Seleucus IV, 158, 196 ch. 51, 203 ch. 41, Antiochus III, 195; poetess from, 208; and Seleucia, 206; and the Jews, 142 216; cult, 207 social conflicts, see class divisions Senate, of Rome, 88, 97, 98, 197, 211, Sogdiana, 22, 26 (b), 27, 30, 57 (§55), 218, 234, 288; decrees of, 86, 95, 188 251 Soloi, in Cilicia, 193 n. 1, 266, 279

622

General index

somatophylax, of Alexander, 27; Attalid, Tacitus, 167 n. 6 245; see also archisomatophylax Taenarum, 16 Sosibius, Ptolemaic minister, 275 and Tanagra, in Boeotia, 101 §§8–9 n. 1 Taurus, 159 and n. 12, 220, 266 Sostratus of Cnidus, 292 and n. 2 taxation soter, see saviour in Greek cities: Teos, 48, 117, Soteria, at Delphi, 60, 141, 143 Halicarnassus, 118, Delos, 122, sowing schedule, in Egypt, 315 Apollonia, 201 and n. 7, Tyriaion, Spain, 20, 21 236; exemption from, 230 §5, Teos, Sparta, 77 (a), 78, 94; and Alexander, 7, 117, Delos, 127, Erythrae, 170,Old 11; Chremonidean War, 61; under Magnesia, 174 (c), Apollonia, 201, Agis IV, 69; under Cleomenes III, Cyzicus, 225 70, 71; under Nabis, 79; and exemption from: in Seleucid kingdom, Achaean League, 87 Jews, 215, Baetocaece, 172;in ‘spear-won territory’: 37 n. 4; see also war Attalid kingdom, Apollonia (?), 235, Stiris, sympoliteia with Medeon, 154 Cardaces, 238 strategos (general): Cyrene, 29 §4; in Macedon, 89 Agathocles in Syracuse, 33 (a); of in Ptolemaic Egypt, 290, 296–8, 319; Achaean League, 67 ch. 43, 156;of remission and exemptions, 283, 290, Aetolian League, 85, 86; Pergamum, 297 col. 43 229; Attalid, 235, 252 l. 13; in Ptolemaic possessions, 260, 270, Ptolemaic, in Egypt, 290 n. 26, 278, 280, 287; exemptions, 256; outside Egypt, 269, 285 Miletus, 259; in Chersonese, 269; Stratonice (1), daughter of Demetrius Telmessus, 270 Poliorcetes, wife of Seleucus I then in Seleucid possessions, 216 Antiochus I, 162 n. 8 see also customs, tribute Stratonice (2), wife of Eumenes II, 224, tax farming: Olbia, 115; Ptolemies, 296 240, 245, 247 (c) and n. 3 Stratonicea, in Caria, 98 Tegea, 141 strikes, in Egypt, 319 n. 19 Telmessus, and Ptolemies, 270 subscriptions, public: Halicarnassus, 118; temples, see sanctuaries Oropus, 119; Crannon, 121; Samos, Teos: and Antigonus, synoecism with 132, 135 Lebedus, 48; taxes, 117; school, 139; sureties (in contracts), 122, 135, 242 ll. and Dionysiac artists, 143, 191; and 25–30, 280, 296 col. 34, 306 Antiochus III, 191; and Romans, Susa, 14, 17 199; asylia, 191, 199 Susiana, 22, 30, 268 Thais, 10 sympoliteia: in Achaean League, 67 ch. 42; Thasos, harbour regulations, 126 Cos and Calymnus, 153; Stiris and Theangela, in Caria, 40, 192, 298 l. 28 Medeon, 154 Thebaid, 286 (b), 296 col. 24, synnaos, 191 l. 50, 247 (c) 309 synods, of Egyptian priests, 271, 276, 283 Thebes, in Boeotia, 140; and Alexander, synoecism, 48 1, 3, 11; rebuilt by Cassander, 3 n. 6; Syracuse, 1 §§12, 14, 33, 59 (b), 111 and Philip, 18; description, 101 Syria, 21, 26, 30, 57, 223, 271 l. 17, §§12–13 307; and Seleucids, 160, 183, 193, theoroi, see ambassadors, sacred 216 n. 2; and Ptolemies, 260; see also Thera, and Ptolemies, 287 Coele Syria, wars – ‘Syrian Wars’ Thessalonica, 96

623

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Thessaly, 80, 121; and Macedon, 18 ch. Praisos, 152; Smyrna and Magnesia, 9, 28, 74, 84; and Delphic 174 ll. 34–88; Antiochus III and Amphictyony, 88 Philip V, 192; Eumenes I and Thibron, 16, 29 mercenaries, 230; see also alliances, Thisbae, in Boeotia, 95 peace (named peace treaties) Thrace, Thracians, 77 (a), 92, 93, 224; tribes: named after kings, 42 (end), 232; Philip and, 18 ch. 9; Lysimachus and, in Greek cities, and citizenship, 152 26, 30, 34, 56; and Byzantium, 114; n. 2, 174 ll. 75–6, 206, 245 l. 44; of and Istria, 116; and Lysimachea, Jews, 214, 261 (b); of Egyptian 195, 196; and Sestus, 252; and priests, 271 Ptolemies, 269; mercenaries, 203, tribute 230, 269, 273, 275, 294; settlers in in Alexander’s empire, 5; Carthage to Macedon, 89, 94 Rome, 67 ch. 43; Macedon to Rome, Thraseas, Ptolemaic general, 272 96; Rhodes from empire, 98; Greece Tigranes, king of Armenia, 223 (?) to Rome, 100; Byzantium to Timaeus of Tauromenium, historian, Celts, 112; Olbia to chieftains, 115; 33 Istria to chieftains, 116; in Seleucid Tlepolemus, Ptolemaic ofﬁcial, 267 empire, 170 and n. 3; Teos to Attalus toparch, in Egypt, 296 and n. 16 I, 191; Amlada to Attalids, 241; town and countryside: Teos, 48 A §11; Syria to Ptolemies, 280 Athens, 55, 62; Boeotia, 101; Elis, exemption from, 72, 84; Erythrae, 170 103; Olbia, 115; Istria, 116; North and n. 3; Teos, 191, 199; Jews, 221; Syria, 160; Pergamum, 248; Sestus, Amlada, 241 252 ll. 55–9 Tyche (fortune), 22, 25 town planning: Sicyon, 49; Athens, 101 tyrants: Ephesus, 5; Demetrius of §1; Thebes, 101 §12; Anthedon, Phalerum at Athens, 28; Syracuse, 101 §23; Chalcis, 101 §§28–9; 33; Macedonian-backed, in Pergamum, 253; Alexandria, 8, 292 Peloponnese, 67 chs. 41–4; trade: Macedon, 18 ch. 9; Rhodes and Orchomenus, 68; Sparta, 69, 70, 79, Egypt, 47; Cos and Bithynia, 66; 87; Antioch, 219; oath against, at Chalcis, 101 §§28–9; from Black Cos, 153; tyrannical behaviour, 192, Sea, 112, 114; at Delos, 127;at 219 Athens, 129; Laodicea and Tyre, 35 Alexandria, 160 §9; to Egypt, 292, Tyriaion, in Phrygia, 236 298, 299; in Syria, 307;fromRed Sea, 262; slave trade (in Caria), 104, urbanisation, see city foundations, town (at Delos), 220; see also corn trade, planning customs, harbours usurpers, see Achaeus, Alexander Balas, traders: in Bithynia, 66; appeal to Rhodes, Andriscus, Aristonicus, Diodotus 112; in Athens, 129; in Egypt, 297 Tryphon, Dionysius Petosarapis, cols. 47–8, 298, 299; in Red Sea, Molon 262 translation, Old Testament into Greek, villages, native: in Asia, 172 n. 3; in 261 Egypt, 290 n. 28 treaties: Eupolemus and Theangela, 40; Rome and Aetolia, 77, 86; Cnossus wages: Delos, 122; Paros, 128; Miletus, and Miletus, 107; Hierapytna and 138; Teos, 139; Ptolemaic

624

General index

oil-workers, 297; see also mercenaries, wills (royal), 282; Attalus III, 248; conditions of service Ptolemy VIII, 289; no ‘will of war, causes of, 2; between Greek cities, Alexander’, 47 n. 3 109; impact of, 121, 130; as mode of women: in Sparta, 69 (b); education, 139; acquisition, 4 (b), 7, 23, 24, 37 n. 4, poetess, 142; cures at Epidaurus, 41, 234 ch. 23, 236; see also army, 146; religious cults, 148; booty, elephants, fortiﬁcations, forts, provision of dowries, 198; see also monarchy, peace (named peace queens treaties), slaves, wars (named) workmen, Delos, 122; Paros, 128; war indemnity: Philip V to Rome, 84; in Ptolemaic oil monopoly, Aetolia to Rome, 86; Greeks, 100; 298 Antiochus III to Rome and Eumenes II, 205 §§13, 14 Xenophon, 2 wars (named), Chremonidean, 61–2; Lamian, 28; First Macedonian, 77, Zeno, philosopher, 22 80; Second Macedonian, 81, 83; Zenon, agent of Apollonius, 298, 302 n. Third Macedonian, 89, 92–4, 96; 2, 306–8 Second Punic, 73, 76; Social, 72; Zeus, 21, 68, 108, 109, 148, 162, 168; ‘Syrian Wars’, pp. 286–7; First Zeus Amphiaraus, 101 §6, 119, 157; Syrian, 163; Second, 173; Third Zeus of Baetocaece, 172; Zeus (Laodicean), 174, 266; Fourth, 275; Eleutherius, 63; Zeus Sabazius, 247; Fifth, 193; Sixth, 211 Zeus the Saviour, 60, 157, 270;at wealth, of kings, see monarchy Seleucia, 207; and kings, 255 and weights and measures: in Achaea, 67 ch. n. 1 37; Delos, 127; Athenian legislation, Zeuxis, 203 n. 6. 129; in Ptolemaic Egypt, 290 ll. Ziaelas of Bithynia, 66 85–92 and n. 25 Zipoetes of Bithynia, 159

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