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Index Note : Geographical landmarks are listed under the proper name itself: for “Cape Sepias” or “Mt. Athos” see “Sepias” or “Athos.” When a people and a toponym share the same base, see under the toponym: for “Thessalians” see “Thessaly.” Romans are listed according to the nomen, i.e. C. Julius Caesar. With places or people mentioned once only, discretion has been used. Abdera 278 Aeaces II 110, 147 Abydus 222, 231 A egae 272–273 Acanthus 85, 207–208, 246 Aegina 101, 152, 157–158, 187–189, Acarnania 15, 189, 202, 204, 206, 251, 191, 200 347, 391, 393 Aegium 377, 389 Achaia 43, 54, 64 ; Peloponnesian Aegospotami 7, 220, 224, 228 Achaia, Achaian League 9–10, 12–13, Aemilius Paullus, L. 399, 404 54–56, 63, 70, 90, 250, 265, 283, 371, Aeolis 16–17, 55, 63, 145, 233 375–380, 388–390, 393, 397–399, 404, Aeschines 281, 285, 288 410 ; Phthiotic Achaia 16, 54, 279, Aeschylus 156, 163, 179 286 Aetoli Erxadieis 98–101 Achaian War 410 Aetolia, Aetolian League 12, 15, 70, Achaius 382–383, 385, 401 204, 250, 325, 329, 342, 347–348, Acilius Glabrio, M. 402 376, 378–380, 387, 390–391, 393, Acragas 119, COPYRIGHTED165, 259–261, 263, 266, 39MATERIAL6–397, 401–404 352–354, 358–359 Agariste 113, 117 Acrocorinth 377, 388–389 Agathocles (Lysimachus ’ son) 343, 345 ; Acrotatus 352, 355 (King of Sicily) 352–355, 358–359; Actium 410, 425 (King of Bactria) 413–414 Ada 297 Agelaus 391, 410 A History of Greece: 1300 to 30 BC, First Edition. Victor Parker. © 2014 Victor Parker. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. INDEX 459 Agesilaus 221, 231, 233–238, 240, 339, 344, 346, 375; (Gonatas) 343, 249–250, 263, 275, 294, 299, 324 345–349, 360, 365, 370–371, 373–379, Agis II 204 ; Agis III 305, 324 ; Agis 394; (Doson) 379, 388–390 IV 378, 389 Antioch(eia) (in Syria) 337–338, 368, Ahhiyawa 43 380, 382–383, 411 ; (on the Meander) Al Mina 91 338; (near Pisidia) 338 ; (in Alcaeus 77, 118, 369 Persis) 338 ; (Margiane) 338 Alcibiades 211–214, 218–219, 221–223 Antiochus (author) 77, 81 ; (Alcibiades ’ Alcmaeonids 115–117, 122, 129–132 helmsman) 222 ; Antiochus I Alcman 104, 369 (Seleucid King) 338, 344, 346–349, Alexander II (King of Macedonia) 152 ; 367–368, 370–372, 377 ; Antiochus Alexander III (the Great) 16, II 338, 371–376, 380–381 ; Antiochus 164–165, 254, 270, 273, 278, III 365, 372, 375, 381–386, 394–396, 288–290, 294–313, 320–322, 324–326, 398, 400–403, 405, 413, 419 ; 328, 330–332, 334, 337, 340, 342, Antiochus IV 114, 405, 407, 344–347, 349, 352, 354, 370, 375, 411–412, 419, 422 ; Antiochus V 411; 401, 403, 415 ; Alexander IV 322, Antiochus VI 412 ; Antiochus 325–326, 329–330, 332; Alexander V VII 413, 415 ; Antiochus VIII 416, (Cassander ’ s son) 341–342 ; (Tyrant 420 ; Antiochus IX 416, 420 ; of Pherae) 262 ; (Philip ’ s brother-in- Antiochus Hierax 381–382 ; law, King of Epirus) 270, 286 ; Antiochus III (King of (Polyperchon ’ s son) 329 ; (Pyrrhus ’ Commagene) 423 ; Antiochius IV son, King of Epirus) 361 ; (Antigonus (King of Commagene) 423, 426 Gonatas ’ nephew) 376–377 ; (Satrap Antipater (regent) 305, 320, 322–326, of Persis) 382 ; Alexander I (Seleucid 352 ; (Cassander ’ s son) 341–342 King) 412, 415 ; Alexander II Antonius, M. 411, 423, 425–426 (Seleucid King) 415, 420 ; Alexander Apame(i)a (in Syria) 337, 343, 368; Jannaeus 420–421, 424 ; see also (on the Euphrates) 338 ; (in Greater Ptolemy X and XI Phrygia) 297, 338, 403 ; (in Media) Alexander Romance 303–304 338 Alexandria (in Egypt) 302, 327, 337, Apollonia (near Illyria) 197, 392–394, 368–370, 420, 422, 425 ; 396–397 ; (on the Chalcidice) 246 ; (Eschate) 308 ; (near Issus) 337 (in Satrapy of Babylon) 338 Alyzeia 251 Apollonius (poet) 369 ; (Satrap of Ambracia 15, 84, 100, 117–118, 197, Hollow Syria and Phoenicia) 406 199, 425 Apulia 267, 356–357, 360 A morgos 278–279 Aquilius, M ’ . 411, 417–418 Amphipolis 90, 207–209, 211, 274–275 Arachosia 308, 310, 323–324, 385 Amphissa 288 A ratus 376–379, 388 Amyntas IV 274 ; (Satrap of Bactia + Arcadia, Arcadian League 2, 7–10, 12, Sogdiane) 309 18, 56, 98–99, 107, 250, 252, Anactorium 15, 84, 87, 100, 117 254–255, 286, 321, 377, 388–389 Anaxilas 82, 165 Archelaus (King of Macedonia) 273 ; Andriscus 410 (general of Mithridates VI of Andros 2, 84, 217, 222, 279 Pontus) 418 Anopean Path 159, 402 Archidamus II 201–202, 204 ; Anthela 16, 281 Achidamus III 270 ; Archidamus Antigonus (Monophthalmus) 43, 297, V 389 299, 320–321, 323, 325–334, 337, Archilochus 76, 80, 86, 96, 109, 154 460 INDEX Archytas 267, 356–357 Athens 7, 11–14, 18, 43, 55, 60, 62, 77, Areus I 371, 373 87–88, 90, 95–96, 104, 109–110, Arginussae 220, 223–224 112–118, 121–135, 138–141, 143–144, Argos 6, 10–12, 53–54, 60, 67–69, 98, 147, 152–158, 162, 164, 172–180, 101, 107, 110, 113, 115, 117, 130, 183–194, 196–225, 227–234, 236–237, 158, 183, 211–212, 234, 236–237, 239–240, 246–251, 254–255, 257–260, 240, 254, 286, 344, 361, 373, 266–267, 273–280, 282–289, 294–297, 379–380, 388–389, 391, 397–398 305–307, 320–321, 324, 326–327, 332, Aria 308, 323–324, 331, 338 337, 339, 341, 343, 346, 373, Ariarathes I 325, 376 ; Ariarathes 375–376, 379–380, 396, 405, 418, 427 II 376 ; Ariarathes III 411 Athos 5, 85, 158, 208, 221 Ariobarzanes (Satrap of Persis) 305 ; “ Ath.Pol.” 116, 123–125, 127, 223 (King of Cappadocia) 417 Atintania 392–393 Aristagoras 143, 144–146, 149 A tropates 307, 323–324 Aristarchus 369 Attalus (Macedonian nobleman) Aristobulus I 424 ; Aristobulus II 419, 294–295; Attalus I 365, 382, 385, 424 393–394, 396, 401 ; Attalus III 411, 418 Aristomachus (two tyrants of Argos of Attica see Athens this name) 379 A ugustus 425–426 Aristophanes (comic playwright) 7, Axius 16, 274 191, 193, 197, 204 ; (Alexandrian scholar) 369 Babylon 305, 312, 323–325, 329, 331, Aristotle 94, 103, 109, 110, 124, 129, 338, 345, 367–368, 380, 383, 411, 413 250, 253, 273, 327, 357 Bacchiads 107, 111, 116, 199 Aristoxenus 357 Bactria 141, 307–308, 321–323, 332, Armenia 299, 343, 345, 385, 400, 407, 337, 380–383, 385, 401, 405, 413–414 417–418, 422–423 ; Lesser Behistun 148–149 Armenia 423, 426 Berenice (Ptolemy II ’ s daughter) Arrhidaeus see Philip III 375–380, 416 ; (Ptolemy IX ’ s Arrian 301, 303, 306, 311, 340, daughter) 421 ; (Ptolemy XII ’ s 427 daughter) 422 Arsaces I 382 ; Arsaces II 385 ; Arsaces B essus 307–308 V see Mithridates I of Parthia Bithynia 233, 299, 347, 349, 370, 382, Arsinoë 345, 374 393, 404, 411, 417–418, 423, 427 Artabazanes 382–383 Black Sea, Euxine 77, 80, 85, 90, 117, Artabazus 277, 282, 294, 309 375, 413 Artaphernes 143, 145–147, 149 Boeotia, Boeotian League 11–14, 32, Artaxerxes I 183 ; Artaxerxes II 225, 62–63, 70, 101, 139–140, 153, 232–234, 239–240 ; Artaxerxes 161–162, 164, 172, 189–190, 198, III 277, 294, 296, 302, 304, 312, 202, 207, 211, 220, 228, 231–232, 321, 401 ; Artaxerxes IV see Bessus 234, 236–237, 240, 246–252, 254–255, Artemisia 162 274–275, 279–280, 282–284, 286–289, Artemisium 159–162 294–295, 329, 333, 342, 346–347, Arzawa 43, 48, 50, 61 379–380, 388–389, 397, 402, 418 Asander (Satrap of Lydia) 296 ; (Satrap Bosporus (on the Propontis) 84, of Caria) 323, 329 171–172, 375 ; (Crimean) 263, Aspasia 197 417–418, 423 Athenaeus 369 Branchidae 85, 302 Athenian Empire/League see Athens Brasidas 201, 207–209 INDEX 461 Brea 87–88, 90 Chares (Athenian general) 275–277, Brettians 355, 359 282, 288, 294 ; (Alexander ’ s Byzantium 84–85, 90, 144, 146, majordomo) 300, 309 171–172, 183, 216, 222, 247, 254, Chersonese 117, 141, 147, 153, 177, 275–277, 279, 287, 329, 375 190, 223, 233, 278–279, 284, 286–287, 341, 400 Cadmeia 246–248 Chios 17, 43, 55, 146–147, 151, 156, Caecilius Metellus, Q. 410 163, 177, 183, 216, 220, 222, 247, Callias 175, 187, 190, 237 275–277, 279, 287, 299 Callicratidas 223 Chremonides, Chremonidean War 373, Callimachus 369 376 Callisthenes 300, 302–303, 306, 309 Cilicia 18, 47, 50, 140–141, 146, Camarina 261, 263, 352, 358 296–299, 301, 303, 323, 330, 334, Cambyses 141, 151 340–341, 343, 372, 374, 380, 385, Campania 270, 358–359, 361 400, 418, 423, 425, 427 C annae 392 Cimon 175, 183, 186–187, 189–190 Cappadocia (on the Pontus) 299, 345, Cirrha see Crisa 381, 401, 405, 411, 423 ; (on the Claudius (Emperor) 423 Taurus) 296–297, 299, 320, 323, Clazomenae 145, 222, 239 325, 333, 343, 376, 380, 400–401, Cleisthenes (of Athens) 127, 131–133, 411, 417–419, 423 135, 138–139, 183, 192 ; (of Cardia 279, 287 Sicyon) 113, 115, 117 Caria 61, 144–145, 147, 178, 233, 235, Cleitarchus 301, 306 275, 297, 323–324, 329, 334, 338, Cleitus (offi cer under Alexander) 312 ; 340, 372, 374, 394–395, 400 (Satrap of Lydia) 323 Carmania 310, 323, 385 Cleombrotus I 247–248, 250, 252 C arystus 2, 174, 176 Cleomenean War 388–390 Cassander 325–327, 329–334, 339, Cleomenes I 87, 101, 131, 132, 341–342, 355 138–139, 144–145, 152; Cleomenes Cassandreia 348 II 352 ; Cleomenes III 388–390 ; Cassius Longinus, C.
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  • Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period : a Study in Greek

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    TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vii LIST OF WORKS CITED BY ABBREVIATED TITLE ... xvü COMPARATIVE TABLE OF EDITIONS xxix INTRODUCTION. I. THE USE OF LETTERS IN HELLENISTIC DIPLO- MACY XXXVÜ IL COMPOSITION AND STYLE OF THE LETTERS. xK III. THE LANGUAGE OF THE LETTERS. 1. PALEOGRAPHY. A. The Alphabet xlvi B. Arrangement of the Text liii C. Punctuation and Diacritical Marks liii D. Abbreviation liv E. Syllable Division Uv F. Engravers* Mistakes Iv 2. SOUNDS. A. Vowels. a) Dialectic Differences Iv b) Elidon lix e) Crasis lix B. Consonants. a) Dialectic Differences Ix b) Assimilation Ixii c) Nu Movable Ixiii 3. INFLECTIONS. A. Declension Ixiv B. Conjugation ^ ......... Ixvi OONIENIS 4. SYNTAX. A. Case 'IzñS B. Number hâ C. PZOOOUDS ............. w....... 3ñK D. Tlie Aitide ; In £. NnmeralB btx F. TheVob. •) Tense kz b) Fbàtt Moodt hzi cj Voice im 4) Tlie Infinitive faczñ $) The Particqde bom G. Pri^xisitioiis. èssô ., :...., , • hou fee bimi lEopd , .-...., boEm OUI ,...,.,,...,....,.,,,., bcñv feuS boiv peni bodv ÜW bsv Ar . ', bŒv dç Ixm JfQoç .-.•.... bacvñ wnd ,,., .,...-... boLviH bó . .*. •. .. .. .. .,,•-.. .. , bcDZ met . , . lux MQ hopá BUÇ ....,.,,.....,.,,.,,..,, booo fannrao ...,.......,....,,,,,, |ir^^ H. Conjunctions. Iwo . fasxñ 5AOç -...•......-.«,....... !••••" Antitheses ....1....... I^niîî I. Paurtídes .,........,,...•,,,., 1TíTI?IFH Negatives .-.., , buuîv ¿ Word Order boaav 5. VOCABULARY . bow 6. SUMMARY. A. &OQie Elenients ...........:,,..,' xcm CONTENTS îtiîî B Elements Derived from the Old Dialects, 1. ^onic xcvii 2. Attic .... i . xcviii 3. AeoUc or Doric xcviU C. Barbarisms xcvîii TEXTS.1 1. Letter of Anfígónus to Scepsis. 311 B. C 3 2. Letter of Antigonus to Eresus. About 306 B. C 12 3/4. Letters of Antigonus to Teos.
  • Queen Arsinoë II, the Maritime Aphrodite and Early Ptolemaic Ruler Cult

    Queen Arsinoë II, the Maritime Aphrodite and Early Ptolemaic Ruler Cult

    ΑΡΣΙΝΟΗ ΕΥΠΛΟΙΑ Queen Arsinoë II, the Maritime Aphrodite and Early Ptolemaic Ruler Cult Carlos Francis Robinson Bachelor of Arts (Hons. 1) A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2019 Historical and Philosophical Inquiry Abstract Queen Arsinoë II, the Maritime Aphrodite and Early Ptolemaic Ruler Cult By the early Hellenistic period a trend was emerging in which royal women were deified as Aphrodite. In a unique innovation, Queen Arsinoë II of Egypt (c. 316 – 270 BC) was deified as the maritime Aphrodite, and was associated with the cult titles Euploia, Akraia, and Galenaië. It was the important study of Robert (1966) which identified that the poets Posidippus and Callimachus were honouring Arsinoë II as the maritime Aphrodite. This thesis examines how this new third-century BC cult of ‘Arsinoë Aphrodite’ adopted aspects of Greek cults of the maritime Aphrodite, creating a new derivative cult. The main historical sources for this cult are the epigrams of Posidippus and Callimachus, including a relatively new epigram (Posidippus AB 39) published in 2001. This thesis demonstrates that the new cult of Arsinoë Aphrodite utilised existing traditions, such as: Aphrodite’s role as patron of fleets, the practice of dedications to Aphrodite by admirals, the use of invocations before sailing, and the practice of marine dedications such as shells. In this way the Ptolemies incorporated existing religious traditions into a new form of ruler cult. This study is the first attempt to trace the direct relationship between Ptolemaic ruler cult and existing traditions of the maritime Aphrodite, and deepens our understanding of the strategies of ruler cult adopted in the early Hellenistic period.