Intertestamental Chronologies*
Persian rule Persian-appointed 360 Artaxerxes II 404–358 governors Job, Jonah Artaxerxes III post-exilic 358–338 350
340 Arses 338–336 Darius III 336–331 330 Macedonian rule Alexander the Great 333–323 Greek control
Wars for Succession Ptolemaic–Seleucid 320 Ptolemaic rule control (disputed) Ptolemy I Soter Zadokite High Priests 323–285 Onias I c. 320–280 310 Seleucid rule Esther Seleucus I fourth–third cent. 312–280 (Palestine)
300 Ptolemaic rule (300?) Ecclesiastes early third cent. ------(Palestine) 290 (Zadokites) 1 Enoch third to first cent. Ptolemy II 280 Philadelphus 285–246 Antiochus I Soter Simon I 280–261 c. 280–260 270
260 Antiochus II Theus Eleazar 261–246 c. 260–245 Septuagint 250 ca. 250 (Alexandria)
Ptolemy III Evegetes Seleucus II Callinicus Manasseh c. 245–240 240 246–221 246–226 Onias II c. 240–218 230 Tobit late third cent. Seleucus III Ceraunus 226–223 (Palestine) 220 Ptolemy IV Philopator Antiochus III the Great 221–203 223–187 Simeon II 210 c. 218–185
200 Ptolemy V Epiphanes 203–181 Seleucid rule (200) (Simon II) Jubilees 190 third–second cent. (Palestine) Seleucus IV Philopator 187–175 Onias III Sirach 180 185–175 early second cent. Ptolemy VI (Palestine) Philometor Antiochus IV Epiphanes Jason 175–172 181–145 170 175–163 Menelaus Ptolemy VIII 172–162 169–164 Daniel Cleopatra II 160 Antiochus V 163–162 Alcimus 162–159 mid-second cent. 163–127 (Palestine) Demetrius I (unknown) 162–150 150 Hasmoneans Alexander Balas 150–145 Jonathan Apphus 152–143 Ptolemy VIII 145–131 Demetrius II Nicator 145–139 140 Cleopatra III 142–131 Antiochus VI Dionysus145–142 Simeon Tassi Diodotus Tryphon 142–139 142–134
Antiochus VII Sidetes 138–129 John Hyrcanus I 130 134–104 Demetrius II Nicator 129–126 Alexander II Zabinas 129–123 Ptolemy VIII 120 127–116 Cleopatra Thea 125–121 2 Maccabees Antiochus VIII Grypus late second cent. Cleopatra III 127-107 125–96 (Alexandria) 110 Cleopatra II 124–116 Ptolemy IX 116–110 Ptolemy X Alexander Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Aristobulus I 104–103 1 Esdras 107–88 114–96 second–first cent. 100 Alexander Jannaeus Seleucus VI Epiphanes 95 (Alexandria?) 103–76
Antiochus X Eusebes 95–83 1 Maccabees 90 Demetrius III Eucaerus 95–92 early first cent. Ptolemy IX Philip I Philadelphus 95–83 (Palestine) 88–81 Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes 80 83–69 disp. with Ptolemy XII Tigranes II the Great 80–58 83–69 Alexandra Salome (queen) 70 John Hyrcanus II (high priest) Antiochus XIII Asiaticus 76–66 69–64 Philip II Philoromaeus 65–63 Aristobulus II 66-63
60 Cleopatra VI 57 Roman rule John Hyrcanus II Berenice IV 57–55 63-40
Ptolemy XII 55–51 50 Cleopatra VII 51–30 40 Antigonus II 40-37
30 Aristobulus III 36
* Overlapping dates are co-regencies or periods of disputed rule.