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Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period : a Study in Greek

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vii LIST OF WORKS CITED BY ABBREVIATED TITLE ... xvü COMPARATIVE TABLE OF EDITIONS xxix INTRODUCTION. I. THE USE OF LETTERS IN HELLENISTIC DIPLO- MACY XXXVÜ IL COMPOSITION AND STYLE OF THE LETTERS. xK III. THE LANGUAGE OF THE LETTERS. 1. PALEOGRAPHY. A. The Alphabet xlvi B. Arrangement of the Text liii C. Punctuation and Diacritical Marks liii D. Abbreviation liv E. Syllable Division Uv F. Engravers* Mistakes Iv 2. SOUNDS. A. Vowels. a) Dialectic Differences Iv b) Elidon lix e) Crasis lix B. Consonants. a) Dialectic Differences Ix b) Assimilation Ixii c) Nu Movable Ixiii 3. INFLECTIONS. A. Declension Ixiv B. Conjugation ^ ......... Ixvi OONIENIS 4. SYNTAX. A. Case 'IzñS B. Number hâ C. PZOOOUDS ............. w....... 3ñK D. Tlie Aitide ; In £. NnmeralB btx F. TheVob. •) Tense kz b) Fbàtt Moodt hzi cj Voice im 4) Tlie Infinitive faczñ $) The Particqde bom G. Pri^xisitioiis. èssô ., :...., , • hou fee bimi lEopd , .-...., boEm OUI ,...,.,,...,....,.,,,., bcñv feuS boiv peni bodv ÜW bsv Ar . ', bŒv dç Ixm JfQoç .-.•.... bacvñ wnd ,,., .,...-... boLviH bó . .*. •. .. .. .. .,,•-.. .. , bcDZ met . , . lux MQ hopá BUÇ ....,.,,.....,.,,.,,..,, booo fannrao ...,.......,....,,,,,, |ir^^ H. Conjunctions. Iwo . fasxñ 5AOç -...•......-.«,....... !••••" Antitheses ....1....... I^niîî I. Paurtídes .,........,,...•,,,., 1TíTI?IFH Negatives .-.., , buuîv ¿ Word Order boaav 5. VOCABULARY . bow 6. SUMMARY. A. &OQie Elenients ...........:,,..,' xcm CONTENTS îtiîî B Elements Derived from the Old Dialects, 1. ^onic xcvii 2. Attic .... i . xcviii 3. AeoUc or Doric xcviU C. Barbarisms xcvîii TEXTS.1 1. Letter of Anfígónus to Scepsis. 311 B. C 3 2. Letter of Antigonus to Eresus. About 306 B. C 12 3/4. Letters of Antigonus to Teos. About 303 B. C 15 5. Letter of Seleucus I to Miletus. 288/7 B. G 33 6. Letter of Lysimachus to Priene. About 285 B. C 40 7. Letter of Lysimachus to Samos. 283/2 B. C. 46 8. Letter of a Hellenistic king to Priene. 3rd cent. B. C 52 9. Letter of Seleucus I and Antiochus to an official. 281 B. C . 54 10—12. Letters of Antiochus I to Meleager. About 275 B. C. 60 13. Letter of Meleager to Ilium. About 275 B. C 69 14. Letter of Ptolemy n to Miletus. About 261 B. C 71 15. Letter of Antiochus 11 to Erythrae, After 261 B. C 78 16. Letter of Eumenes to the army. About 260 B. C 85 17. Letter of Antiochus II (?) to Ephesus. About 255 B.C 88 IS. Letter of Antiochus II to Metrophanes. 254/3 Bi C. 89 19. Letter of Metrophanes to Nicomachus. 254/3 B- C 101 20. Report of a hyparch. 254/3 B. C 102 21. Letter of Ptolemy 11 to Cos. Before 250 B. C. 104 22. Letter of Seleucus II-tQ Miletus, About 246 B. C 105 23. Letter of Eumenes to Pergamum. Before 245 B. C 110 24. Letter of Altalus I (?) to an official 115 25. Letter of Ziaelas to Cos. About 240 B. C 118 26. Letter of Seleucus 11 (?) to Cos. About 240 B. C. 125 27. Letter of Ptolemy III to Cos. About 240 B. C 129 28. Letter of Attains I (?) to Cos, About 240 B. C . 131 29. Letter of Attains I (?) to Mylasa. 228—223 B- C 133 30. Letter of Ptolemy IV (?) to an official. Late 3rd cent. B. C. 136 31. Letter of Antiochus III to Magnesia. About 205 B. C 141 32. Letter of Antiochus the son to Magnesia. About 205 É. C. 142 33. Letter of Ptolemy IV to Magnesia. About 205 B. C 143 34. Letter of Attains I to Magnesia. About 205 B. C 144 >) For the remains of a letter of Antigonus to Mytilene see Introd., p. xxxviii, n. 6. xiv CONTENTS 35. Letter of Theodorus and Amynander to Teos. 205—201 B. C. 152 36. Letter of Antiochus III to Anaximbrotus. 204 B. C. 156 37. Letter of Anaximbrotus to Dionytas. 204 B. C *. 163 38. Letter of Antiochus III to Amyzon, 203 B. C 165 39. Letter of Antiochus III to the army. About 203 B. C 169 40. Letter of an official (?) to Amyzon. End of 3rd cent. B. C. 171 41. Letter of Antiodius III to Tralles. About 201 B. C 172 42. Letter of Antiochus III to Ilium. Early 2nd cent. B.C. ... 175 43. Letter of Antiochus III to a city. Early 2nd cent. B.C 177 44. Letter of Antiochus III to an official. 189 B. C 179 45. Letter of Seleucus IV to Seleucia in Pieria. 186 B. C 186 46. Letter of an Attalid king (?) to Priene. 2nd cent. B. C 188 47. Letter of Attalus to an official. 185 B. C. 190 48. Letter of Eumenes II to Temnus 194 49. Letter of Eumenes II toa Carian city. 182 B. G 197 50. Letter of Eumenes II to Cos. 182 B.C 202 51. Letter of an Attalid king to military cleruchs. 2nd cent. B. C. , 205 52. Letter of Eumenes 11 to the Ionian League. 167/6 B. G. ... 209 53. Letter of Eumenes II to the Guild of Dionysiac Artists at Teos. 219 54. Letter of Attalus to Amlada. About 160 B. G. 237 55/56. Letters of Eumenes 11 to the priest of Cybele at Pessinus. About 163 B. C 242 57—59. Letters of Attalus to the priest of Cybele. Before 158 B. C, . 243 60/61. Letters of Attalus II to the priest of Cybele, After 158 B. G. 244 62. Letter of Attalus n (?) to Ilium 253 63. Letter of Orophem^ to^riene. About 157 B, C 255 64. Letter of a Hellenistic king to Nysa. 2nd cent. B, C, . 26Ö 65. Letterof Attalus II to Athenaeus. 142 B. G 265 66. Letter of Attalus III to Cyzicus. 135 B. C 266 67. Letterof Attalus III to Pergamum. 135 B. C 267 68. Letter of Attalus III to Hieracome in Lydia. After 138 B. C. 273 69. Letter of Attalus III to Hieracome in Caria. After 138 B. G. 276 70. Letter of a king Antiochus to Euphemus, inclosing a memo- randum from the royal journal. Late 2nd cent. B. C.(?) . 280 71. Letter of Antiochus VIII (or IX) to Ptolemy IX Alexander. 109B.C. ,.......,. 289 72. Letterof Antiochus VIII (or IX) to Seleucia in Pieria. 109 B. C. 290 73/74. Letters of Mithridates to Leonippus. 88/7 B. C. , ' : . 294 75) Letter of Artaban III to Seleucia on the Eulaeus (Susa,). A. D. 21 29^ CONTENTS tv APPENDIX. STUDY OF ELEMENTS IN THE VOCABULARY OF THE ROYAL LETTERS 309 INDICES. I. Gods and Goddesses 379 II. Religious Sites, Associations, and Festivals 379 III. Kings and Dynasts and their Families . 379 IV. Other Persons 380 V. Geographical Terms 381 VI. Months 382 VII. Greek Words 383 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing page I. Letter of Lysimachus to Priene (6,11. í—19) 41 II. Letter of Seleucus I and Antiochus to Sopater (9) 55 III. Letters relating to Aristodicides of Assns (10—13) ..... 60 IV. Letter of Antiochus 11 to Erythrae (15,11. Ï—26) 78 V. Letter of Antiochus II (?) to Ephesus (17) 88 VI. Letter of Antiochus III to Amyzon (38) 165 VII. Letter of Antiochus III to the army (39) 169 VIII. Letter of Antiochus III on the appointment of a chief- priest at Daphne (44) 180 IX. Letterof Eumenes Ilto Attis (56,11. 3—12) 242 X. Lettersof Attalus II to Attis (57—59) 243 XL Letterof Attains II to Attis (61) 245 XII. Letter of Orophemes to Priene (63) 256 .
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  • The Divinity of Hellenistic Rulers

    The Divinity of Hellenistic Rulers

    OriginalverCORE öffentlichung in: A. Erskine (ed.), A Companion to the Hellenistic World,Metadata, Oxford: Blackwell citation 2003, and similar papers at core.ac.uk ProvidedS. 431-445 by Propylaeum-DOK CHAPTKR TWENTY-FIVE The Divinity of Hellenistic Rulers Anßdos Chaniotis 1 Introduction: the Paradox of Mortal Divinity When King Demetrios Poliorketes returned to Athens from Kerkyra in 291, the Athenians welcomed him with a processional song, the text of which has long been recognized as one of the most interesting sources for Hellenistic ruler cult: How the greatest and dearest of the gods have come to the city! For the hour has brought together Demeter and Demetrios; she comes to celebrate the solemn mysteries of the Kore, while he is here füll of joy, as befits the god, fair and laughing. His appearance is majestic, his friends all around him and he in their midst, as though they were stars and he the sun. Hail son of the most powerful god Poseidon and Aphrodite. (Douris FGrH76 Fl3, cf. Demochares FGrH75 F2, both at Athen. 6.253b-f; trans. as Austin 35) Had only the first lines of this ritual song survived, the modern reader would notice the assimilaüon of the adventus of a mortal king with that of a divinity, the etymo- logical association of his name with that of Demeter, the parentage of mighty gods, and the external features of a divine ruler (joy, beauty, majesty). Very often scholars reach their conclusions about aspects of ancient mentality on the basis of a fragment; and very often - unavoidably - they conceive only a fragment of reality.
  • The Hellenistic Period

    The Hellenistic Period

    WAR and VIOLENCE: CLASSICAL, LATE CLASSICAL, AND HELLENISTIC GREEK ART (Greek Images of War and Violence) Niobid Painter, Artemis and Apollo slaying the children of Niobe (Athenian red-figure calyx-krater), from Orvieto, Italy, c. 450 BCE The Niobid Painter, probably inspired by the large frescoes produced in Athens and Delphi (by Polygnotos of Thasos?), decorated this exceptional krater with two scenes in which the many figures rise in tiers on lines of ground that evoke an undulating landscape. On one side, Apollo and Artemis are shown decimating the children of Niobe with their arrows; on the other side is Heracles surrounded by Athena and heroes in arms, in a composition whose serenity is already classical, and whose meaning is still uncertain. Niobe, who had at least a dozen children, had boasted that she was superior to the goddess Leto, who had only two offspring, Apollo and Artemis. To punish her hubris (arrogance) and teach the lesson that no mortal could be superior to a god or goddess, Leto sent her two children to slay all of Niobe’s many sons and daughters. On the Niobid Painter’s krater, the horrible slaughter occurs in a schematic landscape setting of rocks and trees. The painter disposed the figures on several levels, and they actively interact with their setting. One slain son, for example, not only has fallen upon a rocky outcropping but is partially hidden by it. The Niobid Painter also drew the son’s face in a three-quarter view, something that earlier vase painters of the Archaic period had not attempted.