Late Roman Pottery from a Building in Klazomenai
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Cultural Dynamics in Ionia at the End of the Second Millennium BCE
Cultural Dynamics in Ionia at the End of the Second Millennium BCE: New Archaeological Perspectives and Prospects Edited e-Thesis The results, discussions and conclusions presented herein are identical to those in the printed version. This electronic version of the thesis has been edited solely to ensure conformance with copyright legislation and all excisions are noted in the text. The final, awarded and examined version is available for consultation via the University Library. Rik Vaessen PhD The University of Sheffield Department of Archaeology May 2014 Table of Contents List of Figures iii List of Tables vi Acknowledgments vii Abstract ix Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Setting the stage 1 1.2. Introducing the Ionians 4 1.3. Finding Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Ionia 12 Phokaia 14 Panaztepe-Menemen 16 Smyrna-Bayraklı 17 Limantepe/Klazomenai 19 Erythrai 23 Chios: Emporio and Kato Phana 24 Teos 26 Kolophon 26 Klaros 28 Metropolis-Bademgedi ǧi Tepe 29 Ephesos (Apaša) 31 Ku şadası-Kadıkalesi 33 Samos: Heraion and Pythagorio 33 Miletos 35 The Miletos-area: Assesos and Teichiussa 38 Cine-Tepecik 38 1.4. Outline of the study 39 Chapter 2. Tracing the Ionians in modern scholarship 43 2.1. Introduction 43 2.2. Dorians and Ionians: 1750-1870 43 2.3. The Ionians between 1870 and 1939 54 2.4. The Ionians and their migration become visible … or not? (1945-present) 60 2.5. The current debate in perspective 69 2.6. Final remarks 78 Chapter 3. Theoretical and methodological considerations 79 3.1. Introduction 79 3.2. Theory: some critical remarks 79 3.3. -
Seven Churches of Revelation Turkey
TRAVEL GUIDE SEVEN CHURCHES OF REVELATION TURKEY TURKEY Pergamum Lesbos Thyatira Sardis Izmir Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Samos Ephesus Laodicea Aegean Sea Patmos ASIA Kos 1 Rhodes ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN TURKEY BULGARIA Sinanköy Manya Mt. NORTH EDİRNE KIRKLARELİ Selimiye Fatih Iron Foundry Mosque UNESCO B L A C K S E A MACEDONIA Yeni Saray Kırklareli Höyük İSTANBUL Herakleia Skotoussa (Byzantium) Krenides Linos (Constantinople) Sirra Philippi Beikos Palatianon Berge Karaevlialtı Menekşe Çatağı Prusias Tauriana Filippoi THRACE Bathonea Küçükyalı Ad hypium Morylos Dikaia Heraion teikhos Achaeology Edessa Neapolis park KOCAELİ Tragilos Antisara Abdera Perinthos Basilica UNESCO Maroneia TEKİRDAĞ (İZMİT) DÜZCE Europos Kavala Doriskos Nicomedia Pella Amphipolis Stryme Işıklar Mt. ALBANIA Allante Lete Bormiskos Thessalonica Argilos THE SEA OF MARMARA SAKARYA MACEDONIANaoussa Apollonia Thassos Ainos (ADAPAZARI) UNESCO Thermes Aegae YALOVA Ceramic Furnaces Selectum Chalastra Strepsa Berea Iznik Lake Nicea Methone Cyzicus Vergina Petralona Samothrace Parion Roman theater Acanthos Zeytinli Ada Apamela Aisa Ouranopolis Hisardere Dasaki Elimia Pydna Barçın Höyük BTHYNIA Galepsos Yenibademli Höyük BURSA UNESCO Antigonia Thyssus Apollonia (Prusa) ÇANAKKALE Manyas Zeytinlik Höyük Arisbe Lake Ulubat Phylace Dion Akrothooi Lake Sane Parthenopolis GÖKCEADA Aktopraklık O.Gazi Külliyesi BİLECİK Asprokampos Kremaste Daskyleion UNESCO Höyük Pythion Neopolis Astyra Sundiken Mts. Herakleum Paşalar Sarhöyük Mount Athos Achmilleion Troy Pessinus Potamia Mt.Olympos -
Hadrian and the Greek East
HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way. -
An Ancient Cave Sanctuary Underneath the Theatre of Miletus
https://publications.dainst.org iDAI.publications ELEKTRONISCHE PUBLIKATIONEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS Dies ist ein digitaler Sonderdruck des Beitrags / This is a digital offprint of the article Philipp Niewöhner An Ancient Cave Sanctuary underneath the Theatre of Miletus, Beauty, Mutilation, and Burial of Ancient Sculpture in Late Antiquity, and the History of the Seaward Defences aus / from Archäologischer Anzeiger Ausgabe / Issue 1 • 2016 Seite / Page 67–156 https://publications.dainst.org/journals/aa/1931/5962 • urn:nbn:de:0048-journals.aa-2016-1-p67-156-v5962.3 Verantwortliche Redaktion / Publishing editor Redaktion der Zentrale | Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Weitere Informationen unter / For further information see https://publications.dainst.org/journals/aa ISSN der Online-Ausgabe / ISSN of the online edition 2510-4713 Verlag / Publisher Ernst Wasmuth Verlag GmbH & Co. Tübingen ©2017 Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Zentrale, Podbielskiallee 69–71, 14195 Berlin, Tel: +49 30 187711-0 Email: [email protected] / Web: dainst.org Nutzungsbedingungen: Mit dem Herunterladen erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen (https://publications.dainst.org/terms-of-use) von iDAI.publications an. Die Nutzung der Inhalte ist ausschließlich privaten Nutzerinnen / Nutzern für den eigenen wissenschaftlichen und sonstigen privaten Gebrauch gestattet. Sämtliche Texte, Bilder und sonstige Inhalte in diesem Dokument unterliegen dem Schutz des Urheberrechts gemäß dem Urheberrechtsgesetz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Die Inhalte können von Ihnen nur dann genutzt und vervielfältigt werden, wenn Ihnen dies im Einzelfall durch den Rechteinhaber oder die Schrankenregelungen des Urheberrechts gestattet ist. Jede Art der Nutzung zu gewerblichen Zwecken ist untersagt. Zu den Möglichkeiten einer Lizensierung von Nutzungsrechten wenden Sie sich bitte direkt an die verantwortlichen Herausgeberinnen/Herausgeber der entsprechenden Publikationsorgane oder an die Online-Redaktion des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts ([email protected]). -
Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period Ryan
Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period by Ryan Anthony Boehm A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Emily Mackil, Chair Professor Erich Gruen Professor Mark Griffith Spring 2011 Copyright © Ryan Anthony Boehm, 2011 ABSTRACT SYNOIKISM, URBANIZATION, AND EMPIRE IN THE EARLY HELLENISTIC PERIOD by Ryan Anthony Boehm Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology University of California, Berkeley Professor Emily Mackil, Chair This dissertation, entitled “Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period,” seeks to present a new approach to understanding the dynamic interaction between imperial powers and cities following the Macedonian conquest of Greece and Asia Minor. Rather than constructing a political narrative of the period, I focus on the role of reshaping urban centers and regional landscapes in the creation of empire in Greece and western Asia Minor. This period was marked by the rapid creation of new cities, major settlement and demographic shifts, and the reorganization, consolidation, or destruction of existing settlements and the urbanization of previously under- exploited regions. I analyze the complexities of this phenomenon across four frameworks: shifting settlement patterns, the regional and royal economy, civic religion, and the articulation of a new order in architectural and urban space. The introduction poses the central problem of the interrelationship between urbanization and imperial control and sets out the methodology of my dissertation. After briefly reviewing and critiquing previous approaches to this topic, which have focused mainly on creating catalogues, I point to the gains that can be made by shifting the focus to social and economic structures and asking more specific interpretive questions. -
Biblical World
MAPS of the PAUL’SBIBLICAL MISSIONARY JOURNEYS WORLD MILAN VENICE ZAGREB ROMANIA BOSNA & BELGRADE BUCHAREST HERZEGOVINA CROATIA SAARAJEVO PISA SERBIA ANCONA ITALY Adriatic SeaMONTENEGRO PRISTINA Black Sea PODGORICA BULGARIA PESCARA KOSOVA SOFIA ROME SINOP SKOPJE Sinope EDIRNE Amastris Three Taverns FOGGIA MACEDONIA PONTUS SAMSUN Forum of Appius TIRANA Philippi ISTANBUL Amisos Neapolis TEKIRDAG AMASYA NAPLES Amphipolis Byzantium Hattusa Tyrrhenian Sea Thessalonica Amaseia ORDU Puteoli TARANTO Nicomedia SORRENTO Pella Apollonia Marmara Sea ALBANIA Nicaea Tavium BRINDISI Beroea Kyzikos SAPRI CANAKKALE BITHYNIA ANKARA Troy BURSA Troas MYSIA Dorylaion Gordion Larissa Aegean Sea Hadrianuthera Assos Pessinous T U R K E Y Adramytteum Cotiaeum GALATIA GREECE Mytilene Pergamon Aizanoi CATANZARO Thyatira CAPPADOCIA IZMIR ASIA PHRYGIA Prymnessus Delphi Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Mazaka Sardis PALERMO Ionian Sea Athens Antioch Pisidia MESSINA Nysa Hierapolis Rhegium Corinth Ephesus Apamea KONYA COMMOGENE Laodicea TRAPANI Olympia Mycenae Samos Tralles Iconium Aphrodisias Arsameia Epidaurus Sounion Colossae CATANIA Miletus Lystra Patmos CARIA SICILY Derbe ADANA GAZIANTEP Siracuse Sparta Halicarnassus ANTALYA Perge Tarsus Cnidus Cos LYCIA Attalia Side CILICIA Soli Korakesion Korykos Antioch Patara Mira Seleucia Rhodes Seleucia Malta Anemurion Pieria CRETE MALTA Knosos CYPRUS Salamis TUNISIA Fair Haven Paphos Kition Amathous SYRIA Kourion BEIRUT LEBANON PAUL’S MISSIONARY JOURNEYS DAMASCUS Prepared by Mediterranean Sea Sidon FIRST JOURNEY : Nazareth SECOND -
JOURNAL of GREEK ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 4 2019
ISSN: 2059-4674 Journal of Greek Archaeology Volume 4 • 2019 Journal of Greek Archaeology Journal of Greek Archaeology Volume 4: Editorial������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� v John Bintliff Prehistory and Protohistory The context and nature of the evidence for metalworking from mid 4th millennium Yali (Nissyros) ������������������������������������������������������������������ 1 V. Maxwell, R. M. Ellam, N. Skarpelis and A. Sampson Living apart together. A ceramic analysis of Eastern Crete during the advanced Late Bronze Age ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31 Charlotte Langohr The Ayios Vasileios Survey Project (Laconia, Greece): questions, aims and methods����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 67 Sofia Voutsaki, Corien Wiersma, Wieke de Neef and Adamantia Vasilogamvrou Archaic to Hellenistic Journal of The formation and development of political territory and borders in Ionia from the Archaic to the Hellenistic periods: A GIS analysis of regional space ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 96 David Hill Greek Archaeology Multi-faceted approaches -
Royal Polis Policy in the Seleukid Heartland
ROYAL POLIS POLICY IN THE SELEUKID HEARTLAND by Christopher Mark de L’isle A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Classics VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON ANNO DOMINI NOSTRI MMXIII ABSTRACT In the Hellenistic Period most of the Greek poleis (city-states) came under the control of the Greco-Macedonian kings. The ideology of the poleis, which stressed the importance of autonomy, conflicted with the reality of royal domination. In Western Asia Minor, this conflict was resolved by presenting the relationship between king and polis as one of free association, in which the poleis were allowed a large amount of autonomy. The kings used ideas of reciprocity to tie the poleis to them and worked to make their rule as amenable as possible, while the poleis of Western Asia Minor continued to aspire to complete independence. This was not the only possible resolution of the conflict between polis autonomy and royal dominance, however. In the Seleukid heartland of Syria and Mesopotamia the Seleukids founded and maintained new poleis. By means of names, myths, and symbols, the identities of these poleis were closely linked to the Seleukid dynasty. As a result, expressions of polis identity were expressions of loyalty to the dynasty, rather than of opposition. Their internal structures were based around an alliance between the royally- appointed epistatēs and the magistrates of the city, who represented a small civic elite. Royal support was thus important to the internal power structure of these poleis. The poleis of the Seleukid heartland did not pursue full independence, even when the Seleukid royal power collapsed at the end of the Hellenistic period because, entirely unlike the poleis of Western Asia Minor, submission to a higher power was a central part of their identities and internal structures. -
Ionian Silver Coinage and the Ionian Confederacy
Nicholas D. Cross CAMWS Annual Meeting Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy Zoom [email protected] May 26-28, 2020 Ionian Silver Coinage and the Ionian Confederacy IG XII 5, 444: From the time Ne[l]eus founde[d Milet]u[s] . Ephesus, Erythrae, Clazomenae, P[ri]ene, Lebedus, Teos, Colophon, Myus, [Phoc]a[ea], Samos, [Chios, and] the [Pan]ioni[a] came into being, 813 yea[rs] (= 1077/1087 BCE), when Me⟨don⟩ was king of Athens. Vitruvius 4.1.4-5: This Melite, on account of the arrogance of its citizens, was destroyed by the other cities in a war declared by general agreement, and in its place, through the kindness of King Attalus and Arsinoe, Smyrna was admitted among the Ionians. Now these cities, after driving out the Carians and Lelegans, called that part of the world Ionia from their leader Ion, and there they set off precincts for the immortal gods and began to build fanes: first of all, a temple to Panionion Apollo such as they had seen in Achaea, calling it Doric because they had first seen that kind of temple built in the states of the Dorians. Paus. 7.3.10: When the Ionians would not admit them [the Phocaeans] to the Ionian koinon until they accepted kings of the race of the Codridae, they accepted Deoetes, Periclus and Abartus from Erythrae and from Teos. Paus. 7.4.10: When the Chians were rid of war, it occurred to Hector that they ought to unite with the Ionians in sacrificing at Panionium. It is said that the Ionian koinon gave him a tripod as a prize for valor. -
Chapter Vi., Anaxagoras of Klazomenai
CHAPTER VI., ANAXAGORAS OF KLAZOMENAI 120. Date 121. EarlyLife 122. RelationtotheIonicSchool 123. AnaxagorasatAthens 124. TheTrial 125. Writings 126. TheFragments 127. AnaxagorasandHisPredecessors 128. "EverythinginEverything" 129. ThePortions 130. Seeds 131. "AllThingsTogether" 132. Nous 133. FormationoftheWorlds 134. InnumerableWorlds 135. Cosmology 136. Biology 137. Perception 121.Date ALL that Apollodoros tells us with regard to the date of Anaxagoras seems to rest on the authority of Demetrios Phalereus, whosaidof him, inhis Register of Archons, that he "begantobe a philosopher" at Athens at the age of twenty, inthe archonshipof Kallias or Kalliades (480-79 B.C.).1 This date was probably derivedfrom a calculation basedonthe philosopher's age at the time of his trial, which Demetrios hadevery opportunity of learning from sources nolonger extant. Apollodoros inferredthat Anaxagoras was borninOl. LXX. (500-496 B.C.), andhe adds that he diedat the age of seventy-twoinOl. LXXXVIII. x (428-27 B.C.).2 He doubtless thought it natural that he shouldnot survive Perikles, and that he should die the year Plato was born.3 We have a further statement, of doubtful origin, but probably due alsotoDemetrios, that Anaxagoras livedat Athens for thirty years. If itiscorrect,wegetfromabout480to450B.C.asthetimehelivedthere. 186 There canbe nodoubt that these dates are very nearly right. Aristotle tells us4 that Anaxagoras was older thanEmpedokles, whowas probably bornbefore 490 B.C. (§ 98); andTheophrastos said5 that Empedokles was born"not long after -
Anatolia and the Bridge from East to West in the Early Bronze Age
TÜBA-AR I (1998) Anatolia and the Bridge From East to West in the Early Bronze Age İlk Tunç Çağında Anadolu ve Doğu 'dan Batıya Köprü Machteld J. MELLINK* Keywords: Anatolia, Aegeah, Cyclades, Early Bronze Age, Mesopotamia, Pushkin, Schllemann, Syria, Troy, Tarsus I' ' Anahtar Sözcükler: Anadolu, Ege, Klklad'lar, ilk Tunç Çağı, Mezopotamya, Puşkln, Schllemann, Suriye, Troya, Tarsus ^ Tarih öncesi Ege'de, doğu-batı bağlantıları hakkındaki yeni tartışmalar Batı Anadolu'nun Lefkandi'deki Kiklad yerleşmeleri ve kara Yunanistan'ın kıyılarındaki yerleşmelerle olan ilişkilerinin belirtilerini kapsamaktadır. Uzun kazı rekoru ile Troya ana başvuru kaynağıdır. Limantepe-Urla-Klazomenai'deki yeni çalışmalar önemli yeni verilerle bu bağlantılara katkıda bulunmaktadır. Ege ilişkileri ayrıntılı olarak incelendiği zaman, Batı Anadolu kıyılarının, Orta, Doğu Anadolu ve Kuzey Suriye ile olan bağlantıları, belirtiler olmasına rağmen, daha az belgelenmiştir. Troya'daki A hazinesinde ele geçen altın takıların Alaca yakınındaki Eskiyapar yerleşmesinde bulunanlarla yakın ilişkileri vardır. Arkeo-metallurji uzmanları bakırın, kalayın ve değerli madenlerin kaynaklarını ve yayılımını incelemektedirler. A hazinesindeki içki kapları Tarsus ve Eskiyapar üzerinden geçiş yaparak Amuq J tabakasında görülen Kuzey Suriye gelenekleriyle bağlantı kuran altın ve gümüş kupalar şeklindedir. Troya H'nin sonuna ait kupa, Anadolu'nun İlk Tunç Çağının daha erken ve verimli bir evresine has olan depasin yerini alır. Troya, Afrodisias,ve Tarsus'da ele geçen, depas, maşrapa, çark yapımı kaseler ve geniş kırmızı açkılı tabaklar, ilk çanak-çömlek örneklerinin alışılmamış temsilcileridir. Bu repertuar Elmalı-Burdur bölgesine ve Eskişehir'in güney-doğusu'ndaki Küllüoba yerleşmesine kadar yayılır, fakat Zircirli'nin kuzey-doğu'sundaki Gedikli'de kesin olarak ortaya çıkar, ilk Tunç IIIyerleşmelerinin Kuzey Suriye ve kuzey Mezopotamya ile olan ilişkileri, kara ve deniz yoluyla Toros Dağlarından yapılan gümüş ticaretiyle bağlantılı Tarsus gibi şehirler üzerinden yapılıyordu. -
Temples to the Mother Goddess Discovered on the Düver Peninsula
NO. XVIII / 2015 ISSN 1301-2746 ADALYA (AYRIBASIM/OFFPRINT) SUNA-İNAN KIRAÇ AKDENİZ MEDENİYETLERİ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ SUNA & İNAN KIRAÇ RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON MEDITERRANEAN CIVILIZATIONS ADALYA SUNA-İNAN KIRAÇ AKDENİZ MEDENİYETLERİ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ YILLIĞI THE ANNUAL OF THE SUNA & İNAN KIRAÇ RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON MEDITERRANEAN CIVILIZATIONS ADALYA Sahibi: Vehbi Koç Vakfı Adına Erdal YILDIRIM Vehbi Koç Vakfı Sorumlu Müdür: Kayhan DÖRTLÜK Suna-İnan KIRAÇ Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Yap›m: Zero Prodüksiyon Ltd. Araştırma Enstitüsü Yıllık Dergisi Abdullah Sokak No. 17 Taksim 34433 İstanbul Yönetim Yeri: Barbaros Mh. Kocatepe Sk. No. 25 Tel: +90 212 244 75 21 www.zerobooksonline.com Kaleiçi 07100 Antalya Tel: +90 242 243 42 74 Bask›: Oksijen Basım ve Matbaacılık San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Faks: +90 242 243 80 13 E-posta: [email protected] 100. Yıl Mah. Matbaacılar Sit. 2. Cad. No: 202/A Bağcılar-İstanbul Yay›n Türü: Yerel Süreli Yayın Say›: XVIII - 2015 Tel: +90 (212) 325 71 25 Fax: +90 (212) 325 61 99 Yay›ncı Sertifika No: 2 5 8 4 0 Sertifika No: 29487 ISSN 1301-2746 Bilim Dan›şma Kurulu / Editorial Advisory Board Hâluk ABBASOĞLU Gönül ÖNEY Ara ALTUN Mehmet ÖZDOĞAN Oluş ARIK Mehmet ÖZSAİT Jürgen BORCHHARDT Urs PESCHLOW Thomas CORSTEN Felix PIRSON Jacques DES COURTILS Scott REDFORD Vedat ÇELGİN Denis ROUSSET Nevzat ÇEVİK Martin Ferguson SMITH İnci DELEMEN Oğuz TEKİN Refik DURU Gülsün UMURTAK Serra DURUGÖNÜL Burhan VARKIVANÇ Hansgerd HELLENKEMPER Michael WÖRRLE Frank KOLB Martin ZIMMERMAN Wolfram MARTINI Adalya, A&HCI (Arts & Humanities Citation Index) ve CC/A&H (Current Contents / Arts & Humanities) tarafından taranmaktadır. Adalya is indexed in the A&HCI (Arts & Humanities Citation Index) and CC/A&H (Current Contents / Arts & Humanities).