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Cultural Dynamics in Ionia at the End of the Second Millennium BCE
Cultural Dynamics in Ionia at the End of the Second Millennium BCE: New Archaeological Perspectives and Prospects Edited e-Thesis The results, discussions and conclusions presented herein are identical to those in the printed version. This electronic version of the thesis has been edited solely to ensure conformance with copyright legislation and all excisions are noted in the text. The final, awarded and examined version is available for consultation via the University Library. Rik Vaessen PhD The University of Sheffield Department of Archaeology May 2014 Table of Contents List of Figures iii List of Tables vi Acknowledgments vii Abstract ix Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Setting the stage 1 1.2. Introducing the Ionians 4 1.3. Finding Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Ionia 12 Phokaia 14 Panaztepe-Menemen 16 Smyrna-Bayraklı 17 Limantepe/Klazomenai 19 Erythrai 23 Chios: Emporio and Kato Phana 24 Teos 26 Kolophon 26 Klaros 28 Metropolis-Bademgedi ǧi Tepe 29 Ephesos (Apaša) 31 Ku şadası-Kadıkalesi 33 Samos: Heraion and Pythagorio 33 Miletos 35 The Miletos-area: Assesos and Teichiussa 38 Cine-Tepecik 38 1.4. Outline of the study 39 Chapter 2. Tracing the Ionians in modern scholarship 43 2.1. Introduction 43 2.2. Dorians and Ionians: 1750-1870 43 2.3. The Ionians between 1870 and 1939 54 2.4. The Ionians and their migration become visible … or not? (1945-present) 60 2.5. The current debate in perspective 69 2.6. Final remarks 78 Chapter 3. Theoretical and methodological considerations 79 3.1. Introduction 79 3.2. Theory: some critical remarks 79 3.3. -
Seven Churches of Revelation Turkey
TRAVEL GUIDE SEVEN CHURCHES OF REVELATION TURKEY TURKEY Pergamum Lesbos Thyatira Sardis Izmir Chios Smyrna Philadelphia Samos Ephesus Laodicea Aegean Sea Patmos ASIA Kos 1 Rhodes ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF WESTERN TURKEY BULGARIA Sinanköy Manya Mt. NORTH EDİRNE KIRKLARELİ Selimiye Fatih Iron Foundry Mosque UNESCO B L A C K S E A MACEDONIA Yeni Saray Kırklareli Höyük İSTANBUL Herakleia Skotoussa (Byzantium) Krenides Linos (Constantinople) Sirra Philippi Beikos Palatianon Berge Karaevlialtı Menekşe Çatağı Prusias Tauriana Filippoi THRACE Bathonea Küçükyalı Ad hypium Morylos Dikaia Heraion teikhos Achaeology Edessa Neapolis park KOCAELİ Tragilos Antisara Abdera Perinthos Basilica UNESCO Maroneia TEKİRDAĞ (İZMİT) DÜZCE Europos Kavala Doriskos Nicomedia Pella Amphipolis Stryme Işıklar Mt. ALBANIA Allante Lete Bormiskos Thessalonica Argilos THE SEA OF MARMARA SAKARYA MACEDONIANaoussa Apollonia Thassos Ainos (ADAPAZARI) UNESCO Thermes Aegae YALOVA Ceramic Furnaces Selectum Chalastra Strepsa Berea Iznik Lake Nicea Methone Cyzicus Vergina Petralona Samothrace Parion Roman theater Acanthos Zeytinli Ada Apamela Aisa Ouranopolis Hisardere Dasaki Elimia Pydna Barçın Höyük BTHYNIA Galepsos Yenibademli Höyük BURSA UNESCO Antigonia Thyssus Apollonia (Prusa) ÇANAKKALE Manyas Zeytinlik Höyük Arisbe Lake Ulubat Phylace Dion Akrothooi Lake Sane Parthenopolis GÖKCEADA Aktopraklık O.Gazi Külliyesi BİLECİK Asprokampos Kremaste Daskyleion UNESCO Höyük Pythion Neopolis Astyra Sundiken Mts. Herakleum Paşalar Sarhöyük Mount Athos Achmilleion Troy Pessinus Potamia Mt.Olympos -
Adramytteion Khora'sında Bir Savunma Yapısı
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328802984 Adramytteion Khora’sında Bir Savunma Yapısı - Dedekaya - (A Fortification in Adramytteion Chora - Dedekaya-) Conference Paper · October 2018 CITATIONS READS 0 63 1 author: Ali Öztürk Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University 9 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Adramytteion Archaeological Excavations View project Adramytteion Antik Kenti Kazı ve Onarım Çalışmaları Veri Tabanı Analiziyle Geç Antik Dönem Değerlendirilmesi (2209-A Tübitak Projesi) View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ali Öztürk on 08 November 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. İÇDAŞ Yayınları: 10 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUMOF PROPONTİS ANDTHE SURROUNDINfi CULTURES/ABSTRACTS BOOKLET ULUSLARARASI PROPONTİSVE ÇEVRE KÜLTÜRLERİ SEMPOZYUMU / BİLDİRİ ÖZETLERİ KİTABI ULUSLARARASI PROPONTİS VE ÇEVRE KÜLTÜRLERİ SEMPOZYUMU -TARİH ÖNCESİ ÇAĞLARDAN ANTİK DÖNEM SONUNA KADAR- BİLDİRİ ÖZETLERİ KİTABI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF PROPONTİS AND THE SURROUNDINC CULTURES -FROM PRE-HISTORYTO THE END OF ANTIOUITY- ABSTRACTS BOOKLET EKİM ATATÜRK KÜLTÜR MERKEZİ OCTOBER BİGA - ÇANAKKALE / TURKEY 15-19 www.propontisymposium.com ULUSLARARASI PROPONTİS VE ÇEVRE KÜLTÜRLERİ SEMPOZYUMU -TARİH ÖNCESİ ÇAĞLARDAN ANTİK DÖNEM SONUNA KADAR- BİLDİRİ ÖZETLERİ KİTABI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF PROPONTİS AND THE SURROUNDING CULTURES -FROM PRE-HISTORY TO THE END OF ANTIQUITY- -
Abd-Hadad, Priest-King, Abila, , , , Abydos, , Actium, Battle
INDEX Abd-Hadad, priest-king, Akkaron/Ekron, , Abila, , , , Akko, Ake, , , , Abydos, , see also Ptolemaic-Ake Actium, battle, , Alexander III the Great, Macedonian Adaios, ruler of Kypsela, king, –, , , Adakhalamani, Nubian king, and Syria, –, –, , , , Adulis, , –, Aegean Sea, , , , , , –, and Egypt, , , –, , –, – empire of, , , , , , –, legacy of, – –, –, , , death, burial, – Aemilius Paullus, L., cult of, , , Aeropos, Ptolemaic commander, Alexander IV, , , Alexander I Balas, Seleukid king, Afrin, river, , , –, – Agathokleia, mistress of Ptolemy IV, and eastern policy, , and Demetrios II, Agathokles of Syracuse, , –, and Seventh Syrian War, –, , , Agathokles, son of Lysimachos, – death, , , , Alexander II Zabeinas, , , Agathokles, adviser of Ptolemy IV, –, , , –, Alexander Iannai, Judaean king, Aigai, Macedon, , – Ainos, Thrace, , , , Alexander, son of Krateros, , Aitolian League, Aitolians, , , Alexander, satrap of Persis, , , –, , , – Alexandria-by-Egypt, , , , , , , , , , , , , Aitos, son of Apollonios, , , –, , , Akhaian League, , , , , , , –, , , , , , , , , , , , , , Akhaios, son of Seleukos I, , , –, –, , – , , , , , , –, , , , Akhaios, son of Andromachos, , and Sixth Syrian War, –, adviser of Antiochos III, , – Alexandreia Troas, , conquers Asia Minor, – Alexandros, son of Andromachos, king, –, , , –, , , –, , , Alketas, , , Amanus, mountains, , –, index Amathos, Cyprus, and battle of Andros, , , Amathos, transjordan, , Amestris, wife of Lysimachos, , death, Ammonias, Egypt, -
Concert Choir Tour in TURKEY an Opportunity to Sing in Historic Christian Locations
Concert Choir Tour in TURKEY An Opportunity to Sing in Historic Christian Locations Choir Tour in rt U R K E T U R K E ce T Y UR T Y n KE U R K E Co Y T Y s A n n CHOIR o CHOIR O i p t p a o c r o GROUPS t L u GROUPS n n i a t i y t s t i o r T S h C T U Si n c T R g U S i r K U i o n Ut O R H s T i T T K U T O U U T R S K U T O U An Opportunity to Sing in Historic Christian Locations alk in the footsteps of Paul and John. Travel to sites connected with Paul’s First, Second and Third Missionary Journeys W(Attalia, Perge, Aspendos, Pisidian Antioch, Loadicea, Hierapolis, Ephesus) and the Seven Churches (Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, Laodicea) to whom John wrote the Book of Revelation. Added to these magnificent biblical sites is a two-day visit to Istanbul where you can enjoy its rich historical sites and impressive archeological museum, as well as a short cruise on the Bosphorus Sea. BLACK SEA ISTANBUL CANAKKALE ALEXANDER TROAS TURKEY A PERGAMON E S SARDIS PHILADELPHIA PSIDIAN ANTIOCH N IZMIR PAMUKKALE A EPHESUS (HIERAPOLIS) E LAODICEA G E A ANTALYA PERGE DAY 01 FRI DEPART USA EA DAY 02 SAT ARRIVE ISTANBUL MEDITERRANEAN S DAY 03 SUN ISTANBUL DAY 04 MON ISTANBUL - FLY ANTALYA DAY 05 THU PERGA - ASPENDOS - ANTALYA DAY 06 FRI ANTIOCH OF PISIDIA – LAODICEA - PAMUKKALE DAY 07 SAT HIERAPOLIS - PHILADELPHIA - SARDIS - IZMIR DAY 08 SUN PERGAMUM - IZMIR DAY 09 MON EPHESUS - KUSADASI DAY 10 TUE SMYRNA - IZMIR DAY 11 WED IZMIR AIRPORT - FLY BACK HOME PERFORMANCE SCHEDULE: Sun, Day 3 Morning Worship Service followed by a short concert performance. -
Hadrian and the Greek East
HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
The Grave Goods of Roman Hierapolis
THE GRAVE GOODS OF ROMAN HIERAPOLIS AN ANALYSIS OF THE FINDS FROM FOUR MULTIPLE BURIAL TOMBS Hallvard Indgjerd Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo This thesis is submitted for the degree of Master of Arts June 2014 The Grave Goods of Roman Hierapolis ABSTRACT The Hellenistic and Roman city of Hierapolis in Phrygia, South-Western Asia Minor, boasts one of the largest necropoleis known from the Roman world. While the grave monuments have seen long-lasting interest, few funerary contexts have been subject to excavation and publication. The present study analyses the artefact finds from four tombs, investigating the context of grave gifts and funerary practices with focus on the Roman imperial period. It considers to what extent the finds influence and reflect varying identities of Hierapolitan individuals over time. Combined, the tombs use cover more than 1500 years, paralleling the life-span of the city itself. Although the material is far too small to give a conclusive view of funerary assem- blages in Hierapolis, the attempted close study and contextual integration of the objects does yield some results with implications for further studies of funerary contexts on the site and in the wider region. The use of standard grave goods items, such as unguentaria, lamps and coins, is found to peak in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Clay unguentaria were used alongside glass ones more than a century longer than what is usually seen outside of Asia Minor, and this period saw the development of new forms, partially resembling Hellenistic types. Some burials did not include any grave gifts, and none were extraordinarily rich, pointing towards a standardised, minimalistic set of funerary objects. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/07/2021 01:02:10PM Via Free Access 332 Chapter 6
chapter 6 Building Urban Community on the Margins: Stratonikeia and the Sanctuary of Zeus at Panamara While Lagina was a local shrine that grew and expanded with Stratonikeia to become its religious center, the sanctuary of Zeus Karios at Panamara was already recognized as an important regional cult center in southern Karia.1 However, it, too, was gradually drawn into the orbit of Stratonikeia to become the next major urban sanctuary of the polis. This case study explores yet another kind of dynamic in the transition to polis sanctuary, one that entailed a major lateral shift in scope for Panamara, from the wider region of southern Karia with diverse communities towards the urban center in the north and its demographic base (Figure 6.1, and Figure 5.1 above). Through an examination of this transition it will become apparent how Stratonikeia came to replace, or absorb, the administering body of the sanctuary, but also how Panamara was used to achieve the same kinds of goals of the emerging polis as was Lagina: territorial integrity, social cohesion, and global recognition, albeit in a different way. Panamara and its environment have unfortunately not been subject to the same systematic archaeological investigations as Lagina, and much of the orig- inal landscape in the area has already been lost in the exploitation of lignite, or brown coal, through strip-mining. Our sources for this sanctuary and its envi- ronment are therefore severely limited, especially with regard to architecture and processional routes. Fortunately, however, the communities involved with the sanctuary at Panamara left hundreds of inscriptions behind that provide valuable insights into the way in which the sanctuary and cult of Zeus Karios were gradually realigned to meet the needs of Stratonikeia. -
From Istanbul to Athens, Greece
13 DAYS - FROM ISTANBUL TO ATHENS, GREECE ITINERARY Day 1: Istanbul Welcome to Istanbul! You will be transferred to your hotel and the remainder of the day is yours free to explore. Overnight Istanbul Day 2: Istanbul Old City After breakfast you will enjoy a fully guided tour of the only city to span two continents, visiting the Blue Mosque, the Aya Sofya, Topkapi Palace and the Hippodrome. Breakfast. Overnight Istanbul Day 3: Gallipoli Battlefields One of the most emotionally touching places in Turkey, to- day we visit the WWI Battlefields of Gallipoli including Lone Pine and Chunuk Bair Memorials, ANZAC Cove, Johnston’s Jolly and The Nek, original trenches and tunnels. Breakfast, dinner. Overnight Canukkale Day 9: Santorini optional boat trip The day is yours free to spend as you wish. Why not take Day 4: Troy, Acropolis of Pergamum an optional boat trip in the world’s biggest volcanic crater This morning we step back in time as we visit Troy, home above sea level. Visit the active volcano, swim in the warm of the famed Trojan Horse and then tour the magnificent thermal waters and take a therapeutic mud bath. acropolis of Pergamum. Its impressive temples and library Breakfast. Overnight Santorini made Pergamum a renowned cultural and political centre in its time. Day 10: Santorini to Athens Breakfast, dinner. Overnight Kusadasi Soak up the sun on the black sand beaches before we board an afternoon ferry to the mainland. Day 5: Ephesus, Kusadasi Breakfast. Overnight Athens Absorb yourself in history today with a guided tour of Ephe- sus and a visit to the site of the Temple of Artemis. -
Separating Fact from Fiction in the Aiolian Migration
hesperia yy (2008) SEPARATING FACT Pages399-430 FROM FICTION IN THE AIOLIAN MIGRATION ABSTRACT Iron Age settlementsin the northeastAegean are usuallyattributed to Aioliancolonists who journeyed across the Aegean from mainland Greece. This articlereviews the literary accounts of the migration and presentsthe relevantarchaeological evidence, with a focuson newmaterial from Troy. No onearea played a dominantrole in colonizing Aiolis, nor is sucha widespread colonizationsupported by the archaeologicalrecord. But the aggressive promotionof migrationaccounts after the PersianWars provedmutually beneficialto bothsides of theAegean and justified the composition of the Delian League. Scholarlyassessments of habitation in thenortheast Aegean during the EarlyIron Age are remarkably consistent: most settlements are attributed toAiolian colonists who had journeyed across the Aegean from Thessaly, Boiotia,Akhaia, or a combinationof all three.1There is no uniformityin theancient sources that deal with the migration, although Orestes and his descendantsare named as theleaders in mostaccounts, and are credited withfounding colonies over a broadgeographic area, including Lesbos, Tenedos,the western and southerncoasts of theTroad, and theregion betweenthe bays of Adramyttion and Smyrna(Fig. 1). In otherwords, mainlandGreece has repeatedly been viewed as theagent responsible for 1. TroyIV, pp. 147-148,248-249; appendixgradually developed into a Mountjoy,Holt Parker,Gabe Pizzorno, Berard1959; Cook 1962,pp. 25-29; magisterialstudy that is includedhere Allison Sterrett,John Wallrodt, Mal- 1973,pp. 360-363;Vanschoonwinkel as a companionarticle (Parker 2008). colm Wiener, and the anonymous 1991,pp. 405-421; Tenger 1999, It is our hope that readersinterested in reviewersfor Hesperia. Most of trie pp. 121-126;Boardman 1999, pp. 23- the Aiolian migrationwill read both articlewas writtenin the Burnham 33; Fisher2000, pp. -
Focus on European Cities 12 Focus on European Cities
Focus on European cities 12 Focus on European cities Part of the Europe 2020 strategy focuses on sustainable and There were 36 cities with a population of between half a socially inclusive growth within the cities and urban areas million and 1 million inhabitants, including the following of the European Union (EU). These are often major centres capital cities: Amsterdam (the Netherlands), Riga (Latvia), for economic activity and employment, as well as transport Vilnius (Lithuania) and København (Denmark). A further network hubs. Apart from their importance for production, 85 cities were in the next tier, with populations ranging be- cities are also focal points for the consumption of energy and tween a quarter of a million and half a million, including other materials, and are responsible for a high share of total Bratislava, Tallinn and Ljubljana, the capital cities of Slova- greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, cities and urban re- kia, Estonia and Slovenia. Only two capital cities figured in gions often face a range of social difficulties, such as crime, the tier of 128 cities with 150 000 to 250 000 people, namely poverty, social exclusion and homelessness. The Urban Audit Lefkosia (Cyprus) and Valletta (Malta). The Urban Audit also assesses socioeconomic conditions across cities in the EU, provides results from a further 331 smaller cities in the EU, Norway, Switzerland, Croatia and Turkey, providing valuable with fewer than 150 000 inhabitants, including the smallest information in relation to Europe’s cities and urban areas. capital