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The City of Dionysos: a Social and Historical Study of the Ionian City of Teos

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The City of Dionysos: a Social and Historical Study of the Ionian City of Teos THE CITY OF DIONYSOS: A SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL STUDY OF THE IONIAN CITY OF TEOS by JONATHAN RYAN STRANG February 16th, 2007 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the State University of New York at Buffalo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics Committee Members: Dr. Carolyn Higbie (Advisor) Dr. Susan Guettel Cole Dr. Bradley Ault UMI Number: 3268815 UMI Microform 3268815 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 Abstract The present study focuses on tying together all the archaeological, architectural, and epigraphic research on the ancient Greek polis of Teos in Ionia. The work falls into two distinct parts. The first section surveys the geography, the political history, and the society and government of Teos. These chapters will draw upon sources from the full history of the ancient city, from its foundation down until the abandonment of the site. The second part comprises of four separate studies. The first of these will deal with the cult of Dionysos at Teos and will examine the mythology, architecture, and cult practices for the god. The inscription recording a pirate attack on Teos will serve as the starting point for a chapter exploring the recurring problem of piracy in the general area of Teos and the social developments that came about because of it. The Teian call for territorial inviolability (asylia) will comprise the third historical study. This chapter will analyze the decrees recognizing the territorial inviolability of the city for Dionysos from the point of view of the Teians themselves. The last chapter will explore the complicated relationship between the Dionysiac guild of artists (technitai) and the city during the course of the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. Table of Contents List of Figures.....................................................................................................................iv List of Plates........................................................................................................................v Acknowledgments..............................................................................................................vi Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 1. An Orientation to the Site....................................................................................2 2. History of Research..............................................................................................9 3. The Scope of the Present Study.........................................................................14 Part One Chapter One: The Geography of Teos and its Environs....................................................18 1. The Site and Territory of Teos..........................................................................19 2. Topography and Climate...................................................................................29 3. Agriculture and Natural Resources....................................................................33 Conclusion.............................................................................................................41 Chapter Two: A Historical Outline of Teos.......................................................................43 1. Mythologies of Foundation................................................................................44 2. The Archaic Period............................................................................................48 3. The Re-Founded City.........................................................................................58 4. Mother-City and Colonies.................................................................................63 5. Caught Between Empires: The 5th and 4th Centuries BC..................................74 6. The Hellenistic City...........................................................................................80 7. The City Under the Romans..............................................................................88 Conclusion.............................................................................................................92 ii Chapter Three: Society and Government of Teos.............................................................94 1. The Early Constitution......................................................................................94 2. The Hellenistic Constitution............................................................................101 3. Public Organization under the Polis................................................................109 4. Laws and Legal Procedure...............................................................................111 5. City Finances...................................................................................................114 6. Education, Women, and Age Groups at Teos..................................................120 7. Civic Religion..................................................................................................125 8. Foreign Relations.............................................................................................130 Conclusion...........................................................................................................136 Part Two Chapter Four: The City and Dionysos.............................................................................138 1. The Mythology of Dionysos at Teos...............................................................140 2. The Temple of Dionysos at Teos....................................................................146 3. Wine, Mainads and Song: The Cult of Dionysos at Teos...............................156 Conclusion...........................................................................................................172 Chapter Five: A History of Piracy...................................................................................173 1. The Pirate Attack Inscription...........................................................................174 2. The Events of the Attack..................................................................................179 3. The Usual Suspects: The Cretans and the Aitolians........................................183 4. Piracy in the Vicinity of Teos..........................................................................190 5. Teos after the Pirate Attack..............................................................................199 Conclusion...........................................................................................................206 ii iii Chapter Six: Asylia for Dionysos.....................................................................................208 1. Defining Asylia................................................................................................209 2. The Teian Call for Asylia.................................................................................216 3. The Cretan Documents....................................................................................222 4. The Northwest Greek Documents...................................................................233 5. The Roman Response......................................................................................239 Conclusion...........................................................................................................244 Chapter Seven: The Dionysiac Technitai at Teos............................................................247 1. The Foundation of the Ionian and Hellespontine Association.........................248 2. The Structure of the Association of Dionysiac Technitai at Teos...................259 3. Kraton of Chalkedon........................................................................................268 4. The Dionysiac Technitai and their Relations with the Greater Greek World..272 5. The Parting of Ways: The arbitration of Eumenes II and its aftermath...........288 Conclusion...........................................................................................................304 Abbreviations and Works Cited ......................................................................................306 Figures..............................................................................................................................322 Plates................................................................................................................................336 iii iv List of Figures Figure 1: Map of Ionia.............................................................................................322 Figure 2: Map of the Erythraian Peninsula..............................................................323 Figure 3: Map of the Teian Peninsula.....................................................................324 Figure 4: Map of the Site of Teos............................................................................325 Figure 5: Plan of the Acropolis Hekatompedon (Tuna 1996: 226).........................326 Figure 6: Plan of the Archaic Altar (Tuna 1996: 227)............................................327 Figure 7: Plan of Abdera (Graham 1992: 51)..........................................................328
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