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The Local Impact of the Koinon in Roman Coastal Paphlagonia Chingyuan Wu University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]

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The Local Impact of the Koinon in Roman Coastal Paphlagonia Chingyuan Wu University of Pennsylvania, Wu9@Sas.Upenn.Edu University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2018 The Local Impact Of The Koinon In Roman Coastal Paphlagonia Chingyuan Wu University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Wu, Chingyuan, "The Local Impact Of The Koinon In Roman Coastal Paphlagonia" (2018). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3204. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3204 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3204 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Local Impact Of The Koinon In Roman Coastal Paphlagonia Abstract This dissertation studies the effects that a “koinon” in the Roman period could have on its constituent communities. The tudys traces the formation process of the koinon in Roman coastal Paphlagonia, called “the Koinon of the Cities in Pontus,” and its ability to affect local customs and norms through an assortment of epigraphic, literary, numismatic and archaeological sources. The er sults of the study include new readings of inscriptions, new proposals on the interpretation of the epigraphic record, and assessments on how they inform and change our opinion regarding the history and the regional significance of the coastal Paphlagonian koinon. This study finds that the Koinon of the Cities in Pontus in coastal Paphlagonia was a dynamic organisation whose membership and activities defined by the eparchic administrative boundary of the Augustan settlement and the juridical definition of the Pontic identity in the eparchic sense. The necessary process that forced the periodic selection of municipal peers to attain koinon leadership status not only created a socially distinct category of “koinon” elite but also elevated the koinon to extraordinary status based on consensus in the eparchia. The ok inon, in turn, became a respected organisation and even a potentially useful political instrument for dictating honors and social standing, which could both prolong or accelerate individual and familial prominence at the eparchic or provincial level. As such, the coastal Paphlagonian koinon was a vital political instrument, with socio-political significance beyond the expression of loyalty to the imperial idea. It was an elite commission that determined local hierarchies and local standards based on collective consensus. The legitimacy of this elite commission emanated from the need to worship the emperor, but its power to influence or even control the behavior of individuals and cities originated from the socio- economic standing of the participating elites. In short, the founding of the koinon would have led to a redirection of local resources to the funding of koinon affairs and would have created regionally recognised norms derived from some of the established standards and behaviors among its constituent communities, while altering others. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Ancient History First Advisor Julia Wilker Keywords agones, koinon, Paphlagonia, Pontus, provincial elite, time-reckoning Subject Categories Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3204 THE LOCAL IMPACT OF THE KOINON IN ROMAN COASTAL PAPHLAGONIA Wu, Ching-Yuan A DISSERTATION in Ancient History Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2018 Supervisor of Dissertation _____________________ Julia Wilker Associate Professor of Classical Studies Graduate Group Chairperson _______________________ Jeremy McInerney, Professor of Classical Studies Dissertation Committee Jeremy McInerney, Professor of Classical Studies Cam Grey, Associate Professor of Classical Studies THE LOCAL IMPACT OF THE KOINON IN ROMAN COASTAL PAPHLAGONIA COPYRIGHT 2018 Wu, Ching-Yuan This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to begin by expressing my sincere and profound gratitude to my advisor Julia Wilker. The dissertation in its current form would not have been possible without her patience, feedback, and stimulation. As my advisor, Dr. Wilker also spared a significant amount of time in maintaining communication with me every week through both face-to-face meetings and also Skype conversations. These meetings formed the cornerstone of not only my dissertation but also my other projects as well. I sincerely thank her for taking a prominent role in my development at Penn. I also wish to thank the members of my dissertation committee Jeremy McInerney and Cam Grey, not only for their time in reading the manuscript and providing excellent feedback but also for their seminars. I had various opportunities to engage with topics and approaches to ancient sources that later became particularly useful in different stages in the dissertating process. I am indebted to the faculty of the Ancient History Graduate Group and the Classical Studies community at Penn for the seminars, tutorials, and conversations that I had the privilege to partake during the first four years at Penn. The range and depth of knowledge that the Penn community provided were transformative. I benefited thoroughly through struggles and anxieties to find ways to comprehend and take in at least part of what the Penn community had to offer. During 2015 to 2017 I had the privilege to embark on an exhilarating journey to Greece with the support of the Penn Museum and the American School of Studies at Athens. A significant part of the early drafts of this dissertation was written in the Blegen !iii Library and in Loring Hall, where I received much hospitality and advice from the members of the American School community. This experience in Greece helped shape my dissertation in many ways, and I am sincerely grateful for it. I would like to thank my wife Funmi for her generous and loving support. She devoted a significant amount of time to care for our daughter while she was herself working to finish her dissertation. To mention one example of her extraordinary sacrifice: I was about to depart on the fourth trip to the Corinthia as a regular member of the American School when my daughter was born. They subsequently arrived in Athens in February, only to find me absent for much of the day wandering about Athens, Attica and the Blegen. The completion of this dissertation would not have been possible without her. I am truly thankful. I am also grateful for the years of support that my parents have provided, without which I would not have been able to accumulate the experiences in the modern and Classical languages required for studying Classical Studies at all. I would also like to thank Professor Han-Kuang Mao for his encouragement in pursuing a career in Classical Studies, a topic that would have been unthinkable to me due to systematic barriers that separated Chinese and western academic traditions. !iv ABSTRACT THE LOCAL IMPACT OF THE KOINON IN ROMAN COASTAL PAPHLAGONIA Wu, Ching-Yuan Julia Wilker This dissertation studies the effects that a “koinon” in the Roman period could have on its constituent communities. The study traces the formation process of the koinon in Roman coastal Paphlagonia, called “the Koinon of the Cities in Pontus,” and its ability to affect local customs and norms through an assortment of epigraphic, literary, numismatic and archaeological sources. The results of the study include new readings of inscriptions, new proposals on the interpretation of the epigraphic record, and assessments on how they inform and change our opinion regarding the history and the regional significance of the coastal Paphlagonian koinon. This study finds that the Koinon of the Cities in Pontus in coastal Paphlagonia was a dynamic organisation whose membership and activities defined by the eparchic administrative boundary of the Augustan settlement and the juridical definition of the Pontic identity in the eparchic sense. The necessary process that forced the periodic selection of municipal peers to attain koinon leadership status not only created a socially distinct category of “koinon” elite but also elevated the koinon to extraordinary status based on consensus in the eparchia. The koinon, in turn, became a respected organisation and even a potentially useful political instrument for dictating honors and social standing, which could both prolong or accelerate individual and familial prominence at the eparchic or provincial level. As such, the coastal Paphlagonian !v koinon was a vital political instrument, with socio-political significance beyond the expression of loyalty to the imperial idea. It was an elite commission that determined local hierarchies and local standards based on collective consensus. The legitimacy of this elite commission emanated from the need to worship the emperor, but its power to influence or even control the behavior of individuals and cities originated from the socio- economic standing of the participating elites. In short, the founding of the koinon would have led to a redirection of local resources to the funding of koinon affairs and would have created regionally recognised norms derived from some of the established
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