MASTER NEGATIVE NO. 93-81605- Y MICROFILMED 1 993 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK / as part of the "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Project'' Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United photocopies or States Code - concerns the making of other reproductions of copyrighted material. and Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries or other archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy the reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that for any photocopy or other reproduction is not to be "used purpose other than private study, scholarship, or for, or later uses, a research." If a user makes a request photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair infringement. use," that user may be liable for copyright a This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept fulfillment of the order copy order if, in its judgement, would involve violation of the copyright law. AUTHOR: VAUX, WILLIAM SANDYS WRIGHT TITLE: GREEK CITIES ISLANDS OF ASIA MINOR PLACE: LONDON DA TE: 1877 ' Master Negative # COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT BIBLIOGRAPHIC MTCROFORM TAR^FT Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record m^m i» 884.7 !! V46 Vaux, V7aiion Sandys Wright, 1818-1885. ' Ancient history from the monuments. Greek cities I i and islands of Asia Minor, by W. S. W. Vaux... ' ,' London, Society for promoting Christian knowledce." ! 1877. 188. p. plate illus. 17 cm. ^iH2n KJ Restrictions on Use: TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA i? FILM SIZE: 3 S'^y^/"^ REDUCTION IMAGE RATIO: J^/ PLACEMENT: lA UA) iB . IIB 2^TE FILMED: _^^3___ INITIALS //^"" HLMEDBY: RESEARCH PUBLICATIOMf;. INC WOnnBRrPGirCT" / D i Association for Information and Image Management 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1100 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301/587-8202 Centimeter 10 11 12 13 14 15 mm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 mI|II|Im^ iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiiiiiiiiLiIiimLiI||mLiI[ImI II|I[II|Ij| | TT I I 1 2 3 Inches m 1^ 2.5 1.0 — 2.2 6.3 3.6 171 4.0 2.0 IL° 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 MRNUFRCTURED TO RUM STRNDRRDS BY APPLIED IMRGE, INC. •Olase g g47 BOO. Y4-G) Columbia College Library Madison Av. 8c 49th St. Nefr York. Beside ike main topic this book also treats o/ Subject No. On page Stibject No. On page : ANCIENT HISTORY FROM THE MONUMENTS. GREEK CITIES & ISLANDS OF ASIA MINOR BY W. SJ-Wr^AUX, M.A., F.R.S. rUBI.ISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COMMITTEE OF GENERAL LITERATURE AND EDUCATION APPOINTED BV THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE.^ LONDON ^otuivi for ^romolmg Christian Jinobkbigc. Sold at the Depositories, 77i Great Queen Street, Lincoln's-Inn Fields; Royal 4, Exchange ; 48, Piccadilly ; And hy all Booksellers. 1877. 1 >a ' 1 CONTENTS. ^'1 GREEK CITIES AND ISLANDS \i OF ASIA MINOR. CHAPTER I. -•o*- Introduction — Cyzicus — Lampsacus — Abydus — Assiis — Palce-Scepsis — Troy — Dr. Schliemann — Ilium Novum— Alexandria—Troas—Pergamum or Pergamus—Aeolis. Page i CHAPTER 1. CHAPTER II. INTRODUCTION. Phoccea—Smyrna —Clazomense— Erythrae—Teos— Colophon— Cyzicus—Lampsacus—Abydus—Assus—Palse-Scepsis- Troy— Ephesus — Mr. Wood — Miletus — Branchid^ or Didyma— Dr. Schliemann—Ilium Novum—Alexandria— Sacred Way—Mr. Newton—Thyateira—Magnesia ad Sipylum Troas Per- gamum or Pergamus — Philadelphia — Tralles — Sardes — Halicamassus— Mauso- —Aeolis. leum—Cnidus—Demeter—Lion-Tomb—Mr. Pullan—Physcus Before we proceed to give —Caunus—Stratonicea—Aphrodisias—Mylasa and Labranda. a somewhat detailed account Page 34 of the more important cities of Asia Minor, CHAPTER III. and of the islands adjacent to its west and southern Xanthus— Sir Charles Fellows—Telmessus—Patara—Pinara— shores, we may mention that Asia Minor, as it Myra—Tlos and Antiphellus—Attalia— Perge—Eurymedon lies on the map, exhibits, in its —Aspendus — Side — Termessus — Cremna — Sagalassus — contour, a remark- Selge —Antioch of Pisidia —Tarsus — Coracesium — Laertes able resemblance to Spain. Extending between — Selinus — Anemurium — Celenderis— Seleuceia— Corycus N. Lat. 36° and 42°, and E. Long. 26° and 40°, it —Soli— Adana — Mallus — Mopsuestia—Anazarbus— Issus. is about the Page S6 same size as France, and somewhat less than Spain CHAPTER IV. and Portugal taken together. Its in- Isaura—Iconium—Lystra—Derbe—ApameaCibotus—Aezani— terior consists of a central plateau, rarely lower than Synnada—Philomelium— Laodicea Combusta—Hierapolis— 3,000ft. above the sea, often much more; many Laodicea ad Lycum—Colossie—Ancyra—Pessinus—Tavium —Nazianzus—Caesarea ad Argoeum— portions of it, however, especially to the N. Tyana—Comana—Tra- II and E., pezus—Amastris— Sinope— Prusa ad affording Olympum— Niccea- excellent pasturage for sheep, and, there- Nicomedia — Islands of Greece— Lesbos— Samos— Chios— fore, now, as for centuries, Rhodus—Messrs. Biliotti and Saltzmann—Cyprus—Mr. Lang the natural home of the —General Palma di Cesnola Page 124 Turkoman shepherds. At the S.W. CPIAPTER V. end of Asia Minor terminates, also, the great central St. Paul mountain-range of Asia itself, which. .Page 172 ; ; 2 GREEK CITIES AND ISLANDS OF ASIA MINOR. 3 running from the Brahmaputra westwards, connects and, following this order, we take first Mysia and the Himalayas and the Caucasus. its chief town, Cyzicus (the Esquize of mediaeval Many of the streams flowing from these mountains times), which was situated on the neck of a peninsula are heavily charged with lime; hence the remarkable running out into the Sea of Marmora. Mr. Hamilton deposits of travertine, &c., to be seen at Hiera- describes its position as "a sandy isthmus, having polis and elsewhere. Indeed, to the geological near its southern end many large blocks of stone, features of the country we owe the fact that the not, improbably, the remains of Strabo's "bridge." military commercial routes through and Asia Minor Many ancient monuments may still be traced among always nearly the same, have been the earliest and its present cherry-orchards, attesting its original mag- latest conquerors having followed the the same roads. nitude and magnificence, most of the relics now present produce of Asia is The Minor almost in- visible being Roman, and its destruction having, no significant when considered with reference to its geo- doubt, been mainly due to the great earthquakes in the graphical area, and to the great wealth extracted from reign of Tiberius and Aurelius, which ruined and it the by Romans (Cic. pro Leg. Manil. 2). But every depopulated so many other of the fairest towns of land, alike, decays under the oppressive and unintel- Asia Minor.^ ligent rule of the Osmanlis of Constantinople. The Mr. Hamilton, indeed, noting the loose and rubbly name, Asia Minor, we may add, is comparatively character of its buildings, doubts the architectural modem, and is not met with earlier than Orosius, fame of the city; but it is probable that what we in the fifth century A.D., while that of Anatolia now see was once cased with marble, as much fine (AvciToXi]) is used first by Constantinus Porphyro- marble is found in the adjacent hills. Some, too, of genitus, in the tenth century A.D. its buildings are of a granite easily disintegrable. The chief provinces of Asia Minor (omitting the Any how, it would seem to be a place where well- smaller subdivisions of Ionia, ^olis, and Troas, in- conducted excavations might bring to light many cluded, as these latter are usually, under Mysia and curious relics of the past. Cyzicus was classed by Lydia) are the following : Mysia, — Lydia, Caria, to Anaximenes of Lampsacus among the colonies of the W., and fronting the ^gean Sea; Lycia, Pam- Miletus, but was not of importance till the close phylia, and Cilicia, opposite to Crete and Cyprus; Bithynia, Paphlagonia, and Pontus, ^ on the Black Tacitus, speaking of A.D. 17, the 4th of Tiberius, says :— *' Sea ; and, in the centre, Pisidia and Lycaonia, Phry- Eodem anno duodecim celebres Asiae urbes coUapsae noctumo motu terras ( Annal. ii. gia, Galatia and Cappadocia. " c. 47) : and Cicero speaks of Cyzicus as "urbem Asiae celeberrimam nobisque amicissimam." Compare We propose to notice the more important towns, also Apoll. Rhod. i. 936-94i» 983-987 ; Valer. Max. ii. 630 according to the order of the provinces just recited Ovid. Trist. i. 9. E 2 ' j ; GREEK CITIES AND ISLANDS OF ASIA MINOK. of the Peloponnesian war, when, by the discredit- (Hierocl. Synecd. p. 661. IMalala, Chron. i. p. 364). able peace of Antalcidas, it was surrendered to the It was finally destroyed by an earthquake in A.D. 943. Persians, its ultimate prosperity being in great measure Another Mysian town of note was Lampsacus, also due to its position, as a natural entrepot, between the a colony of Miletus and Phocaea, attested as this is by* Black a statue of a prostrate Sea and the ^gean. In Roman times it was, its gold and silver coins, and by according to Strabo, a " Libera civitas," and, with the lion, said to have been the work of Lysippus, and sub- exception of Nicomedia and Nicaea, the most im- sequently, placed by Agrippa in the Campus Martins i portant city in that part of Asia Minor. In the days at Rome. The town was famous for its wine, and was, of Caracalla it had become a "Metropolis," and, for this reason, granted to Themistocles, who is said still later, was an Episcopal see. to have learnt here, or at Magnesia, Persian in a year Of the great wealth and, we may perhaps add, of the district around having been granted to him by of the the popularity of its citizens in the fifth and fourth his old enemy the King of Persia.