The Bouleuterion at Ephesos the Bouleuterion at Ephesos ) †

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The Bouleuterion at Ephesos the Bouleuterion at Ephesos ) † Forschungen in Ephesos IX/5 Lionel Bier (†) The Bouleuterion at Ephesos The Bouleuterion at Ephesos ) † With contributions by Maria Aurenhammer, Thorsten Opper, Ursula Quatember, Hans Taeuber, Hilke Thür Lionel Lionel Bier ( IX/5 FiE Umschlag_Bier.indd 1 04.02.11 18:58 Lionel Bier (†) THE BOULEUTERION AT EPHESOS Titelei_Bier.indd 1 04.02.11 19:01 FORSCHUNGEN IN EPHESOS H erausgegeben vom ÖSTERREICHISCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUT IN WIEN BAND IX/5 G emeinsam veröffentlicht vom ÖSTERREICHISCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUT IN WIEN und der ÖSTERREICHISCHEN AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN IN WIEN Titelei_Bier.indd 2 04.02.11 19:01 FORSCHUNGEN IN EPHESOS IX/5 L ionel Bier (†) The Bouleuterion at Ephesos With contributions by Maria Aurenhammer, Thorsten Opper, Ursula Quatember, Hans Taeuber, Hilke Thür Preparation of the manuscript Maria Aurenhammer, Ursula Quatember, Hilke Thür Proofreading of the English text Sarah Cormack Editing Barbara Beck-Brandt, Ursula Quatember Titelei_Bier.indd 3 04.02.11 19:01 Vorgelegt von w. M. FRIEDRICH KRINZINGER in der Sitzung am 17. Oktober 2008 Gedruckt mit Unterstützung des Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung Cover Photo: Friedrich Krinzinger (© ÖAI) Zeichnung: Lionel Bier (© ÖAI) Frontispiz Photo: Friedrich Krinzinger Die verwendete Papiersorte ist aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff hergestellt, frei von säurebildenden Bestandteilen und alterungsbeständig. Alle Rechte vorbehalten ISBN 978-3-7001-6541-5 Copyright © 2011 by Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien Redaktion: Barbara Beck-Brandt, Ursula Quatember Satz und Tafelerstellung: Andrea Sulzgruber Druck und Bindung: Prime Rate Kft., Budapest http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/6541-5 http:/verlag.oeaw.ac.at Titelei_Bier.indd 4 04.02.11 19:01 Lionel Bier (1942 – 2004) “The setting was splendidly theatrical. The neo-Gothic council chamber of the new town hall (Rathaus), with its frescoes of medieval history, Gobelins, and ornately carved chairs, looked more as if it were designed for the Minnesingers’ contest in Tannhäuser than for debating such mundane matters as school levies and contracts for laying gas mains.” Carl Dolmetsch, ‘“Our Famous Guest,” Mark Twain in Vienna’(Athens, Georgia 1992) 62 f., describing Friedrich von Schmidt’s new Rathaus, completed in 1885. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE (S. Ladstätter) ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 INTRODUCTION (M. Aurenhammer – U. Quatember – H. Thür) ��������������������������������������������������� 13 ABBREVIATIONS ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 1. EXCAVATION HISTORY AND STATE OF RESEARCH ���������������������������������������������������������� 25 2. BUILDING DESCRIPTION ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31 2.1 Auditorium ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31 2.1.1 The Retaining Wall ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31 2.1.2 The Rear Wall and Pilasters �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31 2.1.3 The Cavea ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 32 2.1.4 The Analemmata ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 34 2.1.5 Vaulted Chambers ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 36 2.1.6 Vaulted Staircases and Vomitoria ������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 36 2.2 Orchestra and Pulpitum ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 37 2.3 The Scene ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 38 2.3.1 The Scene Wall ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 38 2.3.2 Scaenae Frons �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 2.3.3 The Pedestals ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 2.3.4 Paving of Pulpitum and Parodoi �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43 2.3.5 The Entrances from the Basilica Stoa �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43 2.3.6 Corridor ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44 2.4 The Tall Arched Doorways ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44 3. PHASING AND RECONSTRUCTION ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 47 3.1 W. Alzinger’s Theories concerning a Hellenistic Bouleuterion ������������������������������������������������ 47 3.2 The Earliest Identifiable Bouleuterion �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 48 3.3 The Conversion of the Scaenae Frons from Phase 1 to Phase 2 (U. Quatember) �������������������������� 50 3.4 Renovations by Vedius in the Mid-Second Century ��������������������������������������������������������������� 51 3.5 The Bouleuterion after Vedius ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 52 3.6 The Roofing Problem ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 53 4. THE SCAENAE FRONS OF P. VEDIUS ANTONINUS ������������������������������������������������������������ 57 4.1 The Pedestals ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 58 4.2 General Remarks on the Elevation of the Scaenae Frons �������������������������������������������������������� 58 4.3 Column Bases ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 59 4.4 Column Shafts ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 59 4.5 Capitals of the Lower Order ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 60 4.6 The Architrave-Frieze Course of the Lower Story ����������������������������������������������������������������� 60 4.7 The Cornice of the First Story and the Height of the Order ����������������������������������������������������� 61 4.8 The Upper Order ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 61 4.9 The Fallen Arches and the Question of Windows (H. Thür) ���������������������������������������������������� 62 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5. ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION (U. Quatember) ���������������������������������������������������������������� 65 5.1 Architectural Decoration of the Bouleuterion Scaenae Frons �������������������������������������������������� 65 5.1.1 Bases and Moldings ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 65 5.1.2 Corinthian Capitals ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 66 5.1.3 Architrave Frieze of the Lower Story �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 67 5.1.4 Architrave of the Upper Story ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 68 5.2 The Bouleuterion Ornaments in Context: The Buildings of the Vedii ���������������������������������������� 68 5.2.1 Methodology: Patterns and their Combination �������������������������������������������������������������� 68 5.2.2 Buildings Commissioned by the Vedii and their Ornamentation ��������������������������������������� 69 5.2.2.1 Vedius Gymnasium ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 69 5.2.2.2 East Gymnasium ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 70 5.2.2.3 Monopteros along the Road to Magnesia ����������������������������������������������������������� 70 5.3 Similarities and Dissimilarities of the Vedii Structures ����������������������������������������������������������� 71 6. MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 75 6.1 Materials ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 75 6.2 Stone Working ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 75 6.3 Clamps and Dowels �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 76 6.4 Lifting ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 77 6.5 Revetment �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 78 6.6 Petit appareil �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
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