Democracy in Ancient Athens Was Different from What We Have in Canada Today
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Who Freed Athens? J
Ancient Greek Democracy: Readings and Sources Edited by Eric W. Robinson Copyright © 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd The Beginnings of the Athenian Democracv: Who Freed Athens? J Introduction Though the very earliest democracies lildy took shape elsewhere in Greece, Athens embraced it relatively early and would ultimately become the most famous and powerful democracy the ancient world ever hew. Democracy is usually thought to have taken hold among the Athenians with the constitutional reforms of Cleisthenes, ca. 508/7 BC. The tyrant Peisistratus and later his sons had ruled Athens for decades before they were overthrown; Cleisthenes, rallying the people to his cause, made sweeping changes. These included the creation of a representative council (bode)chosen from among the citizens, new public organizations that more closely tied citizens throughout Attica to the Athenian state, and the populist ostracism law that enabled citizens to exile danger- ous or undesirable politicians by vote. Beginning with these measures, and for the next two centuries or so with only the briefest of interruptions, democracy held sway at Athens. Such is the most common interpretation. But there is, in fact, much room for disagree- ment about when and how democracy came to Athens. Ancient authors sometimes refer to Solon, a lawgiver and mediator of the early sixth century, as the founder of the Athenian constitution. It was also a popular belief among the Athenians that two famous “tyrant-slayers,” Harmodius and Aristogeiton, inaugurated Athenian freedom by assas- sinating one of the sons of Peisistratus a few years before Cleisthenes’ reforms - though ancient writers take pains to point out that only the military intervention of Sparta truly ended the tyranny. -
Social Studies Grade 7 Week of 4-6-20 1. Log Onto Clever with Your
Social Studies Grade 7 Week of 4-6-20 1. Log onto Clever with your BPS username and password. 2. Log into Newsela 3. Copy and paste this link into your browser: https://newsela.com/subject/other/2000220316 4. Complete the readings and assignments listed. If you can’t access the articles through Newsela, they are saved as PDFs under the Grade 7 Social Studies folder on the BPSMA Learning Resources Site. They are: • Democracy: A New Idea in Ancient Greece • Ancient Greece: Democracy is Born • Green Influence on U.S. Demoracy Complete the following: Directions: Read the three articles in the text set. Remember, you can change the reading level to what is most comfortable for you. While reading, use the following protocols: Handling changes in your life is an important skill to gain, especially during these times. Use the following supports to help get the most out of these texts. Highlight in PINK any words in the text you do not understand. Highlight in BLUE anything that you have a question about. Write an annotation to ask your question. (You can highlight right in the article. Click on the word or text with your mouse. Once you let go of the mouse, the highlight/annotation box will appear on your right. You can choose the color of the highlight and write a note or question in the annotation box). Pre-Reading Activity: KWL: Complete the KWL Chart to keep your information organized. You may use the one below or create your own on a piece of paper. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OUDVcJA6hjcteIhpA0f5ssvk28WNBhlK/view Post-Reading Activity: After reading the articles, complete a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the democracy of Ancient Greece and the United States. -
Stoa Poikile) Built About 475-450 BC
Arrangement Classical Greek cities – either result of continuous growth, or created at a single moment. Former – had streets –lines of communication, curving, bending- ease gradients. Later- had grid plans – straight streets crossing at right angles- ignoring obstacles became stairways where gradients were too steep. Despite these differences, certain features and principles of arrangement are common to both. Greek towns Towns had fixed boundaries. In 6th century BC some were surrounded by fortifications, later became more frequent., but even where there were no walls - demarcation of interior and exterior was clear. In most Greek towns availability of area- devoted to public use rather than private use. Agora- important gathering place – conveniently placed for communication and easily accessible from all directions. The Agora Of Athens • Agora originally meant "gathering place" but came to mean the market place and public square in an ancient Greek city. It was the political, civic, and commercial center of the city, near which were stoas, temples, administrative & public buildings, market places, monuments, shrines etc. • The agora in Athens had private housing, until it was reorganized by Peisistratus in the 6th century BC. • Although he may have lived on the agora himself, he removed the other houses, closed wells, and made it the centre of Athenian government. • He also built a drainage system, fountains and a temple to the Olympian gods. • Cimon later improved the agora by constructing new buildings and planting trees. • In the 5th century BC there were temples constructed to Hephaestus, Zeus and Apollo. • The Areopagus and the assembly of all citizens met elsewhere in Athens, but some public meetings, such as those to discuss ostracism, were held in the agora. -
Classics in Greece J-Term Flyer
WANG CENTER WANG Ancient Greece is often held in reverential awe, and Excursions around Greece to places including: praised for its iconic values, contributions, • Epidaurus: a famous center of healing in antiquity and site and innovations. However, much of what has been of one of the best preserved Greek theaters in the world considered iconic is, in fact, the product of a • Piraeus, Cape Sounion, and the Battle site of Marathon western classical tradition that re-imagines and re- • Eleusis, Corinth, Acrocorinth, and Corinth Canal fashions its ancient past to meet its present • Nauplion, a charming seaside city and the first capital of AWAY STUDY J-TERM needs. In this course, you will explore the romance modern Greece – and the realities – of ancient Greece in Greece. • Mycene and Tiryns, the legendary homes of Agamemnon and the hero Herakles Explore Athens, the birthplace of democracy, and • Ancient Olympia: where the original Olympics were the ruins of Mycenae, from which the Trojan War celebrated. was launched. Examine the evidence for yourself • The mountain monastery, and UNESCO World Heritage in Greece’s many museums and archeological site, of Hosios Loukas. sites. Learn how the western classical heritage has • Delphi: the oracle of the ancient world. reinvented itself over time, and re-envision what • Daytrip to Hydra island (optional). this tradition may yet have to say that is relevant, fresh, and contemporary. Highlights include exploring Athens, its environments, and the Peloponnesus with expert faculty. Scheduled site visits include: • Acropolis and Parthenon • Pnyx, Athenian Agora, and Library of Hadrian • Temples of Olympian Zeus, Hephaistus, and Asclepius • Theaters of Dionysus and Odeon of Herodes Atticus • Plaka and Monastiraki flea market • Lycebettus Hill, and the neighborhoods of Athens • National Archeological, New Acropolis, and Benaki museums “Eternal Summer Gilds Them Yet”: The Literature, Legend, and Legacy of Ancient Greece GREECE Educating to achieve a just, healthy, sustainable and peaceful world, both locally and globally. -
INVITATION We Cordially Invite You to Participate in the World Congress in Philosophy on the Topic: the Philosophy of Aristotle
INVITATION We cordially invite you to participate in the World Congress in Philosophy on the topic: The Philosophy of Aristotle. The Congress is organized on the occasion of 2400 years since the birth of Aristotle by The International Association of Greek Philosophy, The Greek Philosophical Society and the Philosophical Society of Cyprus and will be taking place in Athens, where Aristotle lived most of his life. He studied and taught at Plato’s Academy for nearly 20 years and later he founded the Lyceum where he taught and composed many of his great works. Recent archaeological surveys and excavations have brought to light the Lyceum – the site which will be the heart and inspiration for the Congress. Athens, because of its cultural history, its geographic position and its mild climate is an ideal place for productive dialogue among philosophers and philosophizing persons, Academics and persons engaged in philosophical reflection, from all over the world on wide- ranging topics related to the philosophy of Aristotle. The 31 themes of the Congress are listed in the Circular. The Congress on The Philosophy of Aristotle extends its heartfelt welcome to old and young philosophizing thinkers and researchers, to those with an established intellectual presence and to developing intellectuals who aspire to contribute to a better future for humankind. On behalf of the Organizing Committee we invite you to participate actively in the World Congress on The Philosophy of Aristotle, which is going to be held in Athens Greece in July 2016. The Organizing Committee of the Congress is determined to continue the outstanding tradition of the previous Conferences and Congresses organized by the International Association of Greek Philosophy and the Greek Philosophical Society. -
Rethinking Athenian Democracy.Pdf
Rethinking Athenian Democracy A dissertation presented by Daniela Louise Cammack to The Department of Government in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Political Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts January 2013 © 2013 Daniela Cammack All rights reserved. Professor Richard Tuck Daniela Cammack Abstract Conventional accounts of classical Athenian democracy represent the assembly as the primary democratic institution in the Athenian political system. This looks reasonable in the light of modern democracy, which has typically developed through the democratization of legislative assemblies. Yet it conflicts with the evidence at our disposal. Our ancient sources suggest that the most significant and distinctively democratic institution in Athens was the courts, where decisions were made by large panels of randomly selected ordinary citizens with no possibility of appeal. This dissertation reinterprets Athenian democracy as “dikastic democracy” (from the Greek dikastēs, “judge”), defined as a mode of government in which ordinary citizens rule principally through their control of the administration of justice. It begins by casting doubt on two major planks in the modern interpretation of Athenian democracy: first, that it rested on a conception of the “wisdom of the multitude” akin to that advanced by epistemic democrats today, and second that it was “deliberative,” meaning that mass discussion of political matters played a defining role. The first plank rests largely on an argument made by Aristotle in support of mass political participation, which I show has been comprehensively misunderstood. The second rests on the interpretation of the verb “bouleuomai” as indicating speech, but I suggest that it meant internal reflection in both the courts and the assembly. -
Problems in Athenian Democracy 510-480 BC Exiles
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1971 Problems in Athenian Democracy 510-480 B. C. Exiles: A Case of Political Irrationality Peter Karavites Loyola University Chicago Recommended Citation Karavites, Peter, "Problems in Athenian Democracy 510-480 B. C. Exiles: A Case of Political Irrationality" (1971). Dissertations. Paper 1192. http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/1192 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1971 Peter. Karavites PROBLEMS IN ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY 510-480 B.C. EXILES A Case of Political Irrationality A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty o! the Department of History of Loyola University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy b;y Peter Karavites ?ROBLEt'.n IN ATP.EHIA:rT n:s::ocRACY 5'10-480 n.c. EXIL:ffi: A case in Politioal Irrationality Peter·KARAVIT~ Ph.D. Loyola UniVGl'Sity, Chicago, 1971 This thesis is m attempt to ev"aluate the attitude of the Athenian demos during the tormative years of the Cleisthenian democracy. The dissertation tries to trace the events of the period from the mpul sion of Hippian to the ~ttle of Sal.amis. Ma.tural.ly no strict chronological sequence can be foll.amtd.. The events are known to us only f'ragmen~. some additional archaeological Wormation has trickled dcmn to us 1n the last tro decad.all 11h1ch shed light on the edating historical data prO\Tided ma:1nly by Herodotus md Arletotle. -
How Ancient Greece and Rome Provide Insight for Citizenship and Immigration in the 21St Century
Xavier University Exhibit Honors Bachelor of Arts Undergraduate 2019-4 Comparing Ancient to Modern: How Ancient Greece and Rome Provide Insight for Citizenship and Immigration in the 21st Century Viktoria Schumacher Follow this and additional works at: https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/hab Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Ancient Philosophy Commons, Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons, Classical Literature and Philology Commons, and the Other Classics Commons Comparing Ancient to Modern: How Ancient Greece and Rome Provide Insight for Citizenship and Immigration in the 21st Century Viktoria Schumacher CPHAB Senior Thesis Xavier University 2019 Director: Thomas Strunk Readers: Jay Arns and Tim Severyn 1 Introduction Migration plays an extremely vital role in the advancement of human societies. Despite our world’s staggering history with immigration, the conversation about how to manage current issues has fallen flat. Patterns of immigration have demonstrated that the number of migrants, especially refugees, has peaked in the 21st century, and numbers are still raising steadily.1 The increase is caused by an abundance of factors, including major events such as the Syrian refugee crisis, harmful or unfavorable political climates, and ongoing gang violence in Mexico and Central America. These issues have gone largely unsolved, causing immense suffering resulting in millions of people to migrate out of their home countries. Movement away from home due to tumultuous times is not a new concept. In fact, migration history demonstrates that major movement of people is a characteristic of our world. I posit that looking at migration in our past as well as examining its effects on different societies will offer a perspective that has otherwise been ignored. -
Political Consequences of the Plague of Athens
Graeco-Latina Brunensia 22 / 2017 / 1 DOI: 10.5817/GLB2017-1-12 Political Consequences of the Plague of Athens Javier Martínez Abstract During the Plague of Athens, foreign refugees as well as inhabitants of nearby rural areas flood- ed the city, establishing the necessary conditions for the epidemic to spread rapidly to other parts of Greece. Athens, formerly Greece’s most open and accepting city-state with regards to resident aliens (‘metics’), experienced such disruption that metics would suffer permanent loss ČLÁNKY / ARTICLES of the legal right to become Athenian citizens – while perhaps also losing the desire to seek citizenship – and Athens itself would suffer a permanent loss of power and prestige. Athenian attitudes toward metics did change noticeably in the fourth and fifth centuries, but not for the better. Keywords Plague of Athens; resident aliens in Athens; metics; women; xenophobia 135 Javier Martínez Political Consequences of the Plague of Athens Introduction The Plague of Athens (430–426 BCE) remains one of the most famous epidemics in history, even though only one eyewitness account, that of Athenian citizen Thucydides, survives (Salway & Dell 1955). The epidemic erupted in Attica in the second year of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BCE) during a siege of Athens (then the leader of the Deli- an League) by its rival city-state, Sparta, and Sparta’s allies in the Peloponnesian League. When the disease first began to spread, Athens was crowded with foreign refugees and local inhabitants from the countryside. This increase in population overstretched the city’s infrastructure and resources, and set up the conditions for an epidemic that spread easily to other parts of Greece. -
The Phokikon and the Hero Archegetes (Plate54)
THE PHOKIKON AND THE HERO ARCHEGETES (PLATE54) A SHORT DISTANCE WEST of the Boiotian town of Chaironeia the Sacred Way I Lcrossed the border into Phokis. The road went past Panopeus and on toward Daulis before turning south toward the Schiste Odos and, eventually, Delphi (Fig. 1). To reach the famous crossroads where Oidipos slew his father, the Sacred Way first had to pass through the valley of the Platanias River. In this valley, on the left side of the road, was the federal meeting place of the Phokians, the Phokikon.1 This is one of the few civic buildings from antiquity whose internal layout is described by an eyewitness.2 Pausanias says, Withrespect to size the buildingis a largeone, and withinit thereare columnsstanding along its length; steps ascend from the columnsto each wall, and on these steps the delegatesof the Phokianssit. At the far end there are neithercolumns nor steps, but a statuegroup of Zeus, Athena, and Hera; the statueof Zeus is enthroned,flanked by the goddesses,with the statueof Athenastanding on the left (1O.5.2).3 Frazersuggested that the interior of the building resembledthe Thersilion at Megalopolis.4 The location of a federal assembly hall so close to the border with Boiotia, an often hostile neighbor, seems puzzling, but given the shape of the entire territory of Phokis, the position of the Phokikonmakes sense (Fig. 2). As Philippson noted, "Die antike Landschaft Phokis ist nicht nattirlichbegrenzt und kein geographisch einheitliches Gebiet."5 Ancient Phokis was dominated by Mount Parnassos, and the Phokians inhabited two distinct 1 An earlier draft of this paper was delivered at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America (San Francisco 1990; abstract, AJA 1991, pp. -
Democracy and Empire in Greek Antiquity
This course will explore the history, culture, and art of post- classical Greek antiquity, focusing on the period between two of the most studied and renowned figures of the ancient world: Alexander the Great and Cleopatra VII. We will learn and analyze how the ancient world changed with Alexander and his successors, emphasizing the political, social, and cultural transformations; changes in the religious landscape; and formation of the state. We will also discuss the legacy of the Hellenistic world as an integral part of our intellectual heritage. Developments in Athenian Democracy DRACONIAN Laws (DRACO)7th c BCE strict laws enforcing aristocratic rule- there was only one penalty prescribed, death, for every crime from murder down to loitering (see Plut. Sol. 17.1). - the new Constitution gave political rights to those Athenians “who bore arms,” those Athenians wealthy enough to afford the bronze armor and weapons of a hoplite. CRISIS- 1) Tensions among aristocrats- 2) Poor citizens, in years of poor harvests, had to mortgage portions of their land to wealthier citizens in exchange for food and seed to plant. They became more vulnerable to subsequent hardships (see Aristot. Ath. Pol. 2.1-2). SOLON- 6th c. SOLONIAN LAWS they did not establish a democracy as radical as what would follow He took steps to alleviate the crisis of debt that the poor suffered He abolished the practice of giving loans with a citizen’s freedom as collateral He gave every Athenian the right to appeal to a jury, thus taking ultimate authority for interpreting the law out of the hands of the Nine Archons (remnant of aristocracy) and putting it in the hands of a more democratic body, since any citizen could serve on a jury. -
Stasis, Political Change and Political Subversion in Syracuse, 415-305 B.C
'STASIS', POLITICAL CHANGE Al']]) POLITICAL SUBVERSION IN SYRACUSE, 415-305 B.C. by DAVID JOHN BETTS, B.A.(Hons.) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA HOBART October 1980 To the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university, and contains no copy or paraphrase of material previously published or written by another person, except when due reference is made in the text of the thesis. Signed : (iii) CONTENTS Abstract iv Principal Ancient Texts vi Abbreviations, Textual Note vii INTRODUCTION : Scope and Intention of Thesis 1 CHAPTER 1 : Revolutionary Change and the Preservation of Constitutions CHAPTER 2 : The Nature and Method of Revolutionary Change and Political Subversion in Syracuse, 415-305 B.C. 45 CHAPTER 3 : Political Problems and the Role of the Leader in Syracuse, 415-305 B.C. 103 CHAPTER 4 : The Effect of Socio—Economic Conditions 151 CHAPTER 5 : Conclusion 180 APPENDIX : A Note on the Sources for Sicilian History 191 Footnotes 202 Tables 260 Maps 264 Bibliography 266 Addendum 271 (iv) ABSTRACT The thesis examines the phenomena of opr71-4,/5 , political change and political subversion in Syracuse from 415 to 305 B.C. The Introductory Chapter gives a general outline of the problems in this area, together with some discussion of the critical background. As the problems involved with the ancient sources for the period under discussion lie outside the mainstream of the thesis, these have been dealt with in the form of an appendix.