2018

NATIONAL Annual ACADEMY Report of MEDICINE

CONTENTS

Letter from the President 5 2018-2019 Governing Council 7 Organizational Chart 8 Program Highlights Responding to Critical & Pressing Issues Human Genome Editing 10 Confronting the U.S. Opioid Epidemic 12 Promoting Clinician Well-Being & Resilience 14 Advising the Nation & the World on Health & Health Care Advancing Health Equity 17 Procuring Interoperability 19 The Future of Health Services Research 21 Leading & Inspiring for the Future Healthy Longevity Global Grand Challenge 23 Emerging Leaders in Health and Medicine 24 The Future of Nursing 26 Committee on Emerging Science, Technology, & Innovation 27 Member Highlights Members Inducted in 2018 (Class of 2017) 30 Members Elected in 2018 (Class of 2018) 32 2018 Nobel Laureates 34 2018 Annual Meeting 35 In Memoriam 37 Fellowships & Leadership Programs 41 Awards 45 Finances 50 Donor Appreciation 51 Contact Us 65 ABOUT THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE

Founded in 1970 as the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) is one of three academies that make up the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies). Operating under the 1863 congressional charter of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academies provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.

Learn more: NAM.edu

4 LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT

It has been less than four years since the Institute of Medicine was reconstituted as the National Academy of Medicine. What we’ve accomplished in that short time is remarkable—and would not be possible without the unwavering support of our members, volunteers, sponsors, and staff.

In 2018, we kicked off the implementation Yet another urgent challenge with global and phase of the 5-year NAM strategic plan (NAM. generational ramifications is the rapid development edu/2018StrategicPlan). The plan lays out three of human genome editing technology. Building overarching goals for the Academy: 1) actively on recommendations from our 2017 consensus identify and address critical issues with balanced report Human Genome Editing: Science, Ethics, and authoritative scientific evidence; and lead and and Governance, we co-hosted the Second inspire action on bold ideas to impact science, International Summit on Human Genome Editing medicine, policy, and health equity domestically in Hong Kong alongside the National Academy and globally; 2) diversify and activate the membership of the Academy and engage emerging leaders and scholars to enhance our leadership capacity and address new contexts and challenges; and 3) build leadership capacity across diverse disciplines to shape the future of health and medicine. As I reflect on the past 18 months, I am tremendously proud to share our progress toward these goals. Our first goal aims to position the NAM as not only a trusted advisor but also a proactive and visionary leader in the face of complex challenges. The devastating rates of opioid misuse and overdose in the United of Sciences (NAS), the United Kingdom’s Royal States presents one such challenge. To that end, in Society, and the Academy of Sciences of Hong late 2018 we launched the Action Collaborative on Kong in November 2018. During the summit, Countering the U.S. Opioid Epidemic, a first-of-its- news broke that Chinese scientist He Jiankui had kind public-private partnership comprising over carried out an uncondoned application of CRISPR 50 organizations, including 8 federal agencies. The human germline editing. This surprising news Action Collaborative aims to catalyze collective action demonstrates the supreme urgency to develop for short-term impact in four key areas: 1) provider international consensus around acceptable use of education and training; 2) prescribing guidelines and human genome editing technologies, as well as evidence standards; 3) prevention, treatment, and supporting regulatory and scientific frameworks. recovery; and 4) research, data, and metrics. The NAM and the NAS, with support from the

5 Royal Society, have led the charge to convene Finally, our third strategic goal looks to position the an international commission to develop and NAM, and the field, for a near future in which science disseminate such a consensus. The commission’s and technology are advancing at an exponential report is expected in 2020. pace and the convergence of disciplines becomes We also hope to not only spark innovation but an ever more necessary prerequisite for effective also advance international policy around the issue action. Therefore, we established a Committee of healthy longevity—or extending the human on Emerging Science, Technology, and Innovation “healthspan”—through the Healthy Longevity in Health and Medicine to highlight significant Global Grand Challenge. In 2018, we brought on developments, examine their potential social, 9 global collaborators for an international prize ethical, regulatory, and workforce ramifications, competition to catalyze breakthroughs as well as 11 and identify opportunities for action. The work of sponsors for an evidence-based Global Roadmap this committee dovetails with that of the National report authored by an international commission. Academies’ Convergence Advisory Committee, The Grand Challenge is poised for launch in late which in fall 2018 hosted a major workshop on 2019. fostering a culture that supports convergence Our work on opioids, gene editing, and healthy approaches to research. longevity are just three among many examples of There is much more to come in 2019 and 2020— the NAM’s commitment to advise and lead both including, of particular note, the 50th anniversary domestically and globally. Our second strategic of the founding of the Institute of Medicine and the goal, pertaining to the engagement and activation 5th anniversary of the establishment of the NAM of NAM members and cultivating the pipeline of and the new Health and Medicine Division of the future health and medical leaders, is no less critical. National Academies. The 50th anniversary affords Members are the lifeblood of our Academy; without an opportunity to not only reflect on our greatest their expert guidance and leadership, our advisory areas of impact since 1970 but also consider the initiatives would not be possible. In 2018, we elected most pressing challenges of the future and orient our most diverse class of members in history—42 ourselves for action. We will launch our anniversary percent women, 28 percent minorities, and 24 year at the NAM Annual Meeting in October 2019, percent age 50 or under. Although these numbers followed over the next 12 months by a future- represent a significant improvement over past looking symposia series, a commemorative gala, years, there is still much work to be done, including and multiple opportunities to celebrate the unique in the area of geographic diversity. Therefore, we role and impact of the NAM and the National have established a permanent diversity committee Academies. to advise the NAM’s Governing Council, monitor It bears repeating: none of this would be progress, and ensure accountability. For the first possible without the committed partnership of time, we have also debuted a code of conduct NAM members, volunteers, donors, and staff. It is to hold NAM members to the highest standards an honor to serve as president of this wonderful of behavior, among other improvements to organization, and I look forward to a productive membership policy. year ahead. We are also committed to enriching the next generation of leaders and innovators in health, medicine, and biomedical science. To that end, in 2018, we named 22 new scholars to our Emerging Victor J. Dzau, MD Leaders in Health and Medicine Program. These President early- to mid-career professionals will volunteer National Academy of Medicine their service in activities of the National Academies, be paired with NAM member mentors, and organize an annual symposium and networking opportunity for peers and senior field leaders.

6 2018-2019 GOVERNING COUNCIL

Victor J. Dzau, MD R. Alta Charo, JD Eve J. Higginbotham, MD, President & Chair Warren P. Knowles Professor of SM Law & Bioethics, School of Law Vice Dean, Inclusion and Margaret Hamburg, MD and Department of Medical Diversity; Senior Fellow, Foreign Secretary History and Bioethics, School Leonard Davis Institute of Chair of the Board, American of Medicine and Public Health, Health Economics; Professor Association for the University of Wisconsin- of Ophthalmology, Scheie Advancement of Science Madison Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Jane E. Henney, MD Angela Diaz, MD, MPH Pennsylvania Home Secretary Jean C. and James W. Crystal Professor of Adolescent Health, Raynard Kington, MD, PhD Keith R. Yamamoto, PhD Vice Chair Department of Pediatrics and President, Grinnell College Department of Preventive Vice Chancellor for Science Medicine, Icahn School of Story Landis, PhD Policy and Strategy; Vice Medicine at Mount Sinai Scientist Emeritus, National Dean for Research, School of Institute of Neurological Medicine; Professor, Cellular Mark C. Fishman, MD Disorders and Stroke & Molecular Pharmacology, Professor of Stem Cell and University of California, San Regenerative Biology, Harvard E. Albert Reece, MD, PhD, Francisco University MBA Executive Vice President for Nancy Andrews, PhD, MD Linda P. Fried, MD, MPH Medical Affairs, University of Nanaline H. Duke Professor and Dean and DeLamar Professor Maryland Former Dean, Duke University of Public Health, Joseph L. John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers School of Medicine Mailman School of Public Distinguished Professor and Health, Columbia University Dean, University of Maryland Jeffrey R. Balser, MD, PhD Professor of Epidemiology School of Medicine President and CEO, Vanderbilt and Medicine; Senior Vice University Medical Center President, Columbia University J. Sanford (Sandy) Schwartz, Dean, School of Medicine, Medical Center MD Vanderbilt University Leon Hess Professor of Elena Fuentes-Afflick, MD, Medicine, Health Management Claire Brindis, DrPH MPH and Economics, Perelman Caldwell B. Esselstyn Chair in Professor of Pediatrics; Vice School of Medicine and Health Policy Studies; Director, Dean for Academic Affairs, Wharton School of Business, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health University of California, San University of Pennsylvania Policy Studies; Professor of Francisco Pediatrics and Health Policy, University of California, San Lynn R. Goldman, MD, MPH Francisco Dean, School of Public Health and Health Services; Professor, Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University

7 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

EXECUTIVE OFFICE HOME SECRETARY FOREIGN SECRETARY Victor J. Dzau, President Jane Henney Margaret Hamburg J. Michael McGinnis, Leonard D. Schaeffer Executive Officer Morgan Kanarek, Chief of Staff

ADMINISTRATION & FINANCE COMMUNICATIONS Adrienne Anzanello, Director Laura DeStefano, Director

DEVELOPMENT PROJECT DEVELOPMENT & STRATEGY Dawn Abel, Director Vacant, Director

PROGRAM OFFICE LEADERSHIP CONSORTIUM FOR A VALUE & SCIENCE- DRIVEN HEALTH SYSTEM Vacant, Director J. Michael McGinnis, Executive Director

ACTION COLLABORATIVE ON CLINICIAN WELL- BEING AND RESILIENCE DIGITAL LEARNING COLLABORATIVE

ACTION COLLABORATIVE ON COUNTERING THE U.S. CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH OPIOID EPIDEMIC

CARE CULTURE & DECISION MAKING CULTURE OF HEALTH PROGRAM

VALUE INCENTIVES & SYSTEMS COLLABORATIVE HEALTHY LONGEVITY GLOBAL GRAND CHALLENGE

HEALTH POLICY FELLOWSHIPS & LEADERSHIP HUMAN GENOME EDITING INITIATIVE PROGRAMS Gregg Margolis, Director

VITAL DIRECTIONS FOR HEALTH & HEALTH CARE ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON FOUNDATION HEALTH POLICY FELLOWS PROGRAM MEMBER STEWARDSHIP Meg McCoy, Director FDA TOBACCO REGULATORY SCIENCE FELLOWSHIP

MEMBER SERVICES NAM FELLOWSHIPS

NAM COUNCIL DISTINGUISHED NURSE SCHOLAR-IN-RESIDENCE

EMERGING LEADERS IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL FELLOWSHIPS PROGRAM

8 Program Highlights

Three core priorities guide the NAM’s work: 1) responding to critical and pressing issues; 2) advising the nation and the world on health and health care; and 3) leading and inspiring for the future. In the sections that follow, learn about our recent progress toward each of these goals.

9 Human Genome Editing Charting a Critical Frontier

Powerful new gene-editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, hold great promise for advancing science and treating disease, but they also present complex challenges, particularly because of their potential to be used to make genetic changes that could be passed on to future generations.

In November 2018, the NAM co-hosted the During the summit, Chinese scientist He Jiankui Second International Summit on Human Genome made the unexpected announcement that he Editing in Hong Kong alongside the National had carried out an uncondoned use of CRISPR Academy of Sciences (NAS), the United Kingdom’s to edit the genes of twin baby girls, highlighting Royal Society, and the Academy of Sciences of the urgency of adopting common international Hong Kong (following the inaugural summit in principles for governance and use of this powerful 2015). The summit was attended by more than technology. 500 researchers, policy makers, ethicists, patient Therefore, the NAM, NAS, and Royal Society representatives, and others from around the have begun the process of appointing an world. Attendees discussed the benefits and risks international commission to develop a framework of human genome editing, ethical and cultural for considering technical, scientific, medical, perspectives, regulatory and policy considerations, regulatory, and ethical requirements for germline and public engagement and outreach efforts. A genome editing, should society conclude such published summary of the summit is now available applications are acceptable (see abridged at nationalacademies.org/gene-editing. statement opposite). The commission’s report is expected in 2020.

10 Statement on Call for Moratorium on and International Governance Framework for Clinical Uses of Heritable Genome Editing*

Statements from the organizing committees of both the 2015 and 2018 international summits made it clear that any clinical use of heritable genome editing would be irresponsible at this time. A 2017 U.S. National Academies report also concluded that clinical use, including clinical trials, of heritable germline editing should not proceed until peer-reviewed preclinical research clarifies the potential risks and benefits, and should be considered only for compelling medical reasons, in the absence of reasonable alternatives, and with maximum transparency and strict oversight. In addition, a 2018 report from the Nuffield Council on Bioethics recommended that much more research is needed in order to establish standards for clinical use, along with many more opportunities for broad societal engagement on these issues. [....] [There is an] urgent need for an internationally accepted framework that addresses these complex scientific, ethical, and societal issues. Toward that end, the U.S. National Academies and the Royal Society are leading an international commission to detail the scientific and the ethical issues that must be considered in planning any genome editing, and to define specific criteria and standards for evaluating whether proposed clinical trials or applications that involve germline editing should be permitted. We are pleased that dozens of other scientific academies around the world are joining us and lending their support to the commission. We also welcome the establishment by the World Health Organization of its expert panel on human genome editing with which we have agreed to liaise closely. We intend for the commission’s work to be an important step forward in reaching international consensus on standards that should apply to decisions about germline editing. As emphasized previously by our Academies and others, we also recognize the need to reach beyond the scientific and medical communities to achieve broad societal consensus before making any decisions, especially given the global implications of heritable genome editing.

Victor J. Dzau, President, U.S. National Academy of Medicine Marcia McNutt, President, U.S. National Academy of Sciences Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, President, Royal Society of the U.K.

*Abridged. See complete statement at http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=3132019c

11 RESPONDING TO CRITICAL AND PRESSING ISSUES

Confronting the U.S. Opioid Epidemic Advancing Collective Solutions

The opioid crisis is complex. Together, we can overcome it.

Every day, an estimated 130 Americans die from sharing knowledge, aligning ongoing initiatives, an opioid overdose—a grim statistic that has and advancing collective, multi-sector solutions. devastated families and communities around the In particular, the Action Collaborative will work nation. Due to the complex and urgent nature toward the following strategic goals: of the epidemic, reversing it will require a multi- 1. Identify and raise the visibility of complex sectoral and multi-pronged response; no single challenges, outstanding research gaps and organization, government agency, or sector can needs of the opioid crisis that require a solve this crisis on its own. Within the past year collective, multi-sectoral response alone, numerous initiatives, reports, guidelines, 2. Elevate and accelerate evidence-based, and recommendations have been developed to multi-sectoral, and interprofessional solutions address the epidemic across public and private to improve outcomes for those affected by sectors. With so much activity underway, strong the opioid crisis mechanisms to support better coordination, 3. Catalyze action on shared priorities and information sharing, and evidence-based practice solutions to help overcome the crisis and are needed. improve outcomes for all. In 2018, the NAM launched the Action Collaborative on Countering the U.S. Opioid The Action Collaborative is comprised of four Epidemic to improve coordination and accelerate cross-cutting working groups: the pace of change. The Action Collaborative, comprised of more than 50 organizations 1. Health Professional Education and Training representing government, communities, health 2. Prescribing Guidelines and Evidence Standards systems, provider groups, payers, industry, 3. Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Services nonprofits, academia, and more, is committed to 4. Research, Data, and Metrics Needs

12 The Action Collaborative held an introductory • Development of a Protocol to Evaluate the webinar in February 2019 that featured an overview Concomitant Prescribing of Opioid and of the Action Collaborative’s work presented by Benzodiazepine Medication and Veterans co-chair Admiral Brett Giroir, Assistant Secretary Deaths and Suicides for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The webinar also provided an overview Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives of the four working groups and offered a forum was published in March 2019 and reached 7 for questions and comments from the public. conclusions about medication-based treatment Over 1,000 people registered to participate in the and its use in combating opioid use disorder webinar; a recording is available on the NAM’s (OUD), including that OUD is a treatable chronic website. brain disease and that most people who could Also in 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, benefit from medication-based treatment for Engineering, and Medicine launched several new OUD do not receive it. The report has been widely consensus studies related to opioids and pain discussed in the media, including in columns by the management. These include: editorial boards of the New York Times and USA Today. • Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Committee chair Alan Leshner authored Lives a related commentary that was published by Science • Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines ; Leshner and NAM president Victor Dzau JAMA for Prescribing Opioids for Acute Pain also published an op-ed in calling on the • Examination of the Integration of Opioid and medical profession to do its part to increase access Infectious Disease Prevention Efforts in Select to medication-based treatment. Programs Visit nam.edu/OpioidCollaborative for more • Review of Specific Programs in the information. Comprehensive Addition and Recovery Act

Select Related Publications from the NAM & the National Academies

13 RESPONDING TO CRITICAL AND PRESSING ISSUES

Promoting Clinician Well-Being & Resilience The Next Chapter for Quality Care

Clinician well-being is essential for safe, high- quality patient care. However, clinicians of all kinds, across all specialties and care settings, are experiencing burnout at alarming rates.

Burnout is nearly twice as prevalent among 2. Improve baseline understanding of challenges physicians as compared to U.S. workers in other to clinician well-being fields, and nurses report similarly high levels of 3. Advance evidence-based, multidisciplinary burnout and emotional exhaustion. solutions to improve patient care by caring for While personal factors play a role in the the caregiver. development of burnout, many clinicians suffer from burnout due to organizational and practice Since its launch, notable accomplishments of the demands that exponentially increase their risk. Action Collaborative include: Burnout is a systems issue that requires buy-in and • Raising awareness about the challenges to coordinated action from multiple stakeholders, clinician well-being via multiple publications including health system leaders, policy makers, and stakeholder events, including a insurers, health IT vendors, researchers, educators, congressional briefing; clinicians, trainees, and patients. • Marshaling a network of more than 190 The NAM launched the Action Collaborative organizations publicly committed to reversing on Clinician Well-Being and Resilience in January trends in clinician burnout and improving 2017. The Action Collaborative has three primary clinician well-being goals: • Developing a comprehensive conceptual 1. Raise the visibility of clinician anxiety, burnout, model to characterize the factors that influence depression, stress, and suicide clinician well-being (opposite);

14 • Creating and generating engagement around Over the next two years, the Action an award-winning online Clinician Well-Being Collaborative will focus on engaging leadership; Knowledge Hub that shares resources and reducing barriers to address mental health solutions (NAM.edu/ClinicianWellBeing) needs; establishing organizational standards, • Facilitating a process to provide streamlined best practices, and metrics that improve clinician suggestions to the Centers for Medicare and well-being; documentation and the digital health Medicaid Services (CMS) regarding revisions to environment; planning for the sustainability of evaluation and management (E/M) guidelines clinician well-being efforts once current funding to reduce administrative burden ends; and furthering the recommendations from • Setting the foundation for long-term culture the consensus report. change via an art show to collect insights To access resources from the Action Collaborative directly from clinicians, patients, and loved and to learn more, please visit NAM.edu/CW. ones of clinicians • In 2018, the NAM was also proud to launch a consensus study on systems approaches to improve patient care by supporting clinician well-being. The report will be published in late 2019.

FACTORS AFFECTING CLINICIAN WELL-BEING See complete model at NAM.edu/ClinicianWellBeing

15 Clockwise from top left: “Isolation Mask” by Julie Shinn of Parkland, FL; “Checklist Manifest” by Somalee Banerjee of San Francisco, CA; “The Scribe” by Daryl Wofford of New York, NY; “Reflection” by Sung Min Ma of Boston, MA. Copyright remains with the artists.

In 2018, the NAM called on artists of all skills and abilities to express what clinician burnout and well-being looks, sounds, and feels like. The resulting art gallery, Expressions of Clinician Well-Being, collects insights directly from clinicians, patients, loved ones, and organizations working to prevent burnout and promote well-being. By allowing people to creatively express their experiences with burnout, this gallery captures critical moments in the journey to well-being. Ten pieces from the gallery are now part of a traveling exhibition that has been touring the country. To view the full gallery and learn how to host the exhibition, please visit NAM.edu/ExpressClinicianWellBeing.

16 ADVISING ON HEALTH & HEALTH CARE

Advancing Health Equity Building a Culture of Health

“Health equity” describes a future state in which everyone can attain health and happiness regardless of social circumstance.

The NAM’s Culture of Health Program (CoHP) crucial and health inequity is costly­ in terms of both is a multi-year collaborative effort to identify financial and human capital resources. It identified strategies to create and sustain conditions that structural inequities and unequal allocation of support equitable good health for everyone in power and resources as the root causes of health America. With the oversight of an expert advisory inequity. The report also emphasized the power of committee, the CoHP is working toward four communities to address the social determinants primary goals: of health (SDoH) and examined nine exemplar • Lead: Build a knowledge base to inform communities across the United States to highlight actions and partnerships that will advance promising community-based solutions in the health equity context of 1) key levers, such as policies; 2) key • Translate: Bridge science to action for impact relationships, such as cross-sectoral partnerships; on health equity and optimal health for all and 3) other elements needed to be successful. • Engage: Strengthen capacity in communities A suite of dissemination materials, including a and inform legal, policy, and system reform conceptual model and targeted briefs, are available • Sustain: Transform culture to accelerate at nationalacademies.org/healthequityhub. progress in areas that still have significant The CoHP has three additional consensus studies health disparities currently underway that will release in spring and summer 2019. Two studies apply the science of In 2017, the CoHP published its first consensus neurobiological and socio-behavioral development report, Communities in Action: Pathways to Health to health equity in the prenatal through early Equity. The report highlighted that health equity is childhood years and during adolescence. The third study focuses on the integration of health and

17 social care into the U.S. health care system. convene over the course of 18 months in person In 2018, the NAM launched a first-of-its-kind short and via teleconference to receive guidance from documentary series, Communities Driving Health technical advisors in the field and learn from other Equity, which shares lessons from three community cohort communities. Resulting plans will be wholly organizations working to advance health equity owned by the community teams and grounded in at the local level. Collectively, the films have been the science of National Academies reports. viewed more than 200,000 times. Educators across Visualize Health Equity, a nationwide art show the nation have used the films in their classrooms, that first launched in 2017, continues to inspire and several conferences have featured the films in communities around the country to partake in their programs. similar art-inspired events, and the show has In 2018, the NAM also began working with become a traveling exhibition that can be hosted five communities to develop actionable plans to at conferences, events, and organizations across address SDoH to advance health equity. These the nation. To view the artwork or host the traveling communities include the Magnolia Community show, visit NAM.edu/VisualizeHealthEquity. Initiative from East Los Angeles, CA; a regional Building on the success of Visualize Health team from the Columbia Gorge in Washington and Equity, the NAM launched a second call for artists Oregon; WE ACT for Environmental Justice from in late 2018 focused on uplifting the voices of Harlem, NY; The United Way of Bexar County in young people and their lived experiences. Young San Antonio, TX; and The Williamson Health and Leaders Visualize Health Equity called on people Wellness Center from Williamson, WV. Through between the ages of 5 and 26 to imagine a world a facilitated process administered by the NAM, where everyone has the same chance to live a the community teams will develop strategy plans healthy life. A digital gallery is planned for 2019. To or roadmaps to identify pathways to support learn more, visit NAM.edu/YoungLeaders. equitable good health for their residents, address SDoH, and improve health equity. Communities will

Communities Driving Health Equity

As part of its efforts to promote healthy equity at the community level, the NAM produced a series of three short documentaries featuring the efforts of communities in Buffalo, NY; Honolulu, HI; and Indianapolis, IN, to address the social determinants of health. We are proud to present the stories of three diverse communities that face complex, pervasive challenges but are all making progress in advancing health equity. These documentaries are free to view and use for educational purposes (access at NAM.edu/DrivingHealthEquity). ADVISING ON HEALTH & HEALTH CARE

Procuring Interoperability A Health Care Imperative

Fewer than 1 in 3 hospitals are able to share patient information with other health providers.

In our increasingly complex health care system, leveraging organizational demand and purchasing where patients routinely see multiple doctors requirements as a particularly effective approach to across disciplines and physical locations, health drive health care toward interoperability. The Special care technologies need to be able to transmit these Publication highlights three environments that are critical data across time, space, and providers. This critical in achieving interoperability, the nature of level of connectivity is called interoperability—and requirements for functional interoperability, and unfortunately, health care is currently far from this the mapping of those requirements into prevailing ideal state. contracting practices. With support from the Gordon and Betty In this Special Publication, the NAM raises the Moore Foundation, the NAM held a workshop visibility of this issue that affects all aspects of health in January 2018 to examine the current state of care every day, and provides five action priorities interoperability in health and health care, the that leaders can utilize to move the field toward policy and marketplace drivers that have both a more connected, safer, and efficient state. In impeded progress and those that could be used April 2019, the NAM hosted a webinar to facilitate to advance interoperability, and experiences from progress in procuring interoperability, featuring a other sectors that could serve as blueprints for the keynote address by Kate Goodrich, Chief Medical health care community. Officer for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Insights from the workshop were synthesized Services. For more information and to download into an NAM Special Publication that identifies the publication, visit NAM.edu/interoperability.

19 Procuring Interoperability Achieving High-Quality, Connected, and Person-Centered Care

Download the report and related resources for free at NAM.edu/interoperability

Learning Health System Series NAM Leadership Consortium for a Value & Science-Driven Health System

20 ADVISING ON HEALTH & HEALTH CARE

The Future of Health Services Research Maintaining a Critical Focus

Health services research is the study of the field of health care itself—the examination of the external and internal factors that affect access, quality, safety, and efficiency of the delivery of health care.

Since the 1960s, health services research (HSR) opportunities for HSR contributions are identified, has provided the foundation for progress, and how all of these processes might be improved. effectiveness, and value in health care. Ironically, at The outcomes of the workshop were captured a time when appreciation has never been higher in an NAM Special Publication titled The Future for both the need for and potential of HSR, political of Health Services Research: Advancing Health and financial support for the field appear tobe Systems Research and Practice in the United weakening. States. The Special Publication called for a set of The NAM held a workshop on the future activities required to transform the field, making of HSR in February 2018 with support from it both relevant and responsive to the health care AcademyHealth, American Association of Colleges system of the 21st century. HSR must develop data of Nursing, American Board of Family Medicine, infrastructure, create a network of stakeholders, American Society of Anesthesiologists, Association and characterize results that would lead to system- of American Medical Colleges, Federation of wide improvement, because the physical and American Hospitals, and the Robert Wood financial health of the nation is at stake. Johnson Foundation. The workshop reviewed key Download the report and related resources for priorities for HSR, current sources of support, how free at NAM.edu/HSR.

21 NAM SPECIAL PUBLICATION

The Future of Health Services Research Advancing Health Systems Research and Practice in the United States

Yet, unacceptable health outcomes and disparities exist In the US, health in many populations. care costs are 18% of our GDP - among People of color in American life the US unilaterally expectancy at birth the highest in the face more challenges is a full 3 years world. accessing health care less than other than their comparable white peers. countries. But only

Health services research provides the evidence needed to increase access to care, decrease health care costs, and improve health outcomes. Yet only 0.3% of US health care spending is directed to funding health services research.

To transform itself to meet the needs of a 21st-century health care system, health services research must develop data infrastructure, create a network of stakeholders, and characterize results that would lead to system-wide improvement. The physical and fi nancial health of the nation is at stake.

Read more at nam.edu/HSR

The Future of Health Services Research Advancing Health Systems Research and Practice in the United States

Download the report and related resources for free at NAM.edu/HSR

Learning Health System Series NAM Leadership Consortium for a Value & Science-Driven Health System 22 LEADING & INSPIRING FOR THE FUTURE

Healthy Longevity Global Grand Challenge Sparking Innovation Across Fields

Global population aging presents an unprecedented opportunity for innovation that could transform the human health span and reverberate for generations to come.

Just on the horizon, we can envision an explosion of by an international commission. The combined potential new medicines, treatments, technologies, objectives of the initiative are to: and preventive and social strategies that could • Catalyze breakthrough ideas and research that help transform the way we age and ensure better will extend the human health span health, function, and productivity during a period • Achieve transformative and scalable innovation of extended longevity. Solutions from many fields by translating evidence into action and are urgently needed to maximize the number of prioritizing equity and access years lived in good health and a state of well-being. • Provide a comprehensive assessment of the Now is the time to support the next breakthroughs challenges and opportunities presented by in healthy longevity, so that all of us can benefit global aging from the tremendous opportunities it has to offer. • Build a broad ecosystem of stakeholder support The Healthy Longevity Global Grand Challenge, founded by the NAM, aims to build a worldwide The Challenge will launch in late 2019. Sign up to movement to increase physical, mental, and social get updates at NAM.edu/HealthyLongevity. well-being for people as they age. The initiative will have two components: a prize competition to catalyze breakthrough innovations from any field, and an evidence-based report authored

23 LEADING & INSPIRING FOR THE FUTURE

Emerging Leaders in Health and Medicine

The Emerging Leaders in Health and Medicine program exists to increase the NAM’s engagement with exceptional early- and mid-career professionals working in biomedical science, population health, health care, health policy, and related fields.

The Emerging Leaders program facilitates for their leadership attributes and because they are opportunities for mentorship, collaboration, poised to shape the future of health and medicine,” and innovation among emerging leaders, NAM said NAM President Victor J. Dzau. “I look forward to members, and experts across sectors. Program engaging these impressive individuals, who are the scholars also provide valuable input and feedback next generation of scientists, health care providers, to help shape the priorities of the NAM and sustain public health professionals, and policymakers, the NAM’s impact and reputation as a national to develop a network of young leaders and leader in advancing knowledge and accelerating catalyze innovative and cross-disciplinary activities progress in science, medicine, policy, and health addressing some of the most pressing challenges equity. in health and medicine.” In 2018, the NAM added 10 new scholars to The first annual Emerging Leaders Forum, a the program. “These exceptional individuals were symposium organized by program scholars, is selected to the National Academy of Medicine’s scheduled for summer 2019. Emerging Leaders in Health and Medicine program

24 2018-2019 Scholars

Paul P. Christopher, MD Jacob Sherkow, JD, MA Brown University New York Law School Deidra C. Crews, MD, ScM Hanni Stoklosa, MD, MPH Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Harvard Medical School Adaeze Enekwechi, PhD, MPP Sohail Tavazoie, MD, PhD Impaq, LLC The Rockefeller University Lori Freedman, PhD Y. Claire Wang, MD, ScD, MS University of California, San Francisco New York Academy of Medicine Christopher Friese, PhD, RN, AOCN, FAAN Jonathan Watanabe, PharmD, MS, PhD, University of Michigan BCGP Jordan Green, PhD University of California, San Diego Johns Hopkins University Joseph C. Wu, MD, PhD Marcia Haigis, PhD Stanford School of Medicine Harvard Medical School Ramnik Xavier, MD, ChB Sandeep Kishore, MD, PhD, MSc Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical Mount Sinai Health School, & Broad Institute

Mark Neuman, MD Pictured opposite, left to right: Gregg Margolis (program University of Pennsylvania co-director), Freedman, Meg McCoy (program co-director), Wang, Sara Hitzig (membership program officer), Watanabe, Minal Patel, PhD, MPH Victor Dzau (NAM president), Segre, Haigis, Kishore, Enekwechi, University of Michigan Green, Saria Suchi Saria, MSc, PhD Johns Hopkins University Margaret (Gretchen) L. Schwarze, MD, MPP University of Wisconsin Julie Segre, PhD National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health

25 LEADING & INSPIRING FOR THE FUTURE

The Future of Nursing 2020-2030

The 2010 consensus report The Future of Nursing transformed the field by endorsing expanded scope of practice for nurses. In 2020, the NAM will publish the next volume in this groundbreaking series.

In brief, the Committee on the Future of Nursing • The ability of nurses to serve as change agents in 2020-2030 will examine: creating systems that bridge the delivery of health • The role of nurses in improving the health care and social needs care in the community of individuals, families, and communities by • Research needed to identify or develop effective addressing social determinants of health nursing practices for eliminating gaps and • The current and future deployment of all levels disparities in health care of nurses across the care continuum, including in • The importance of nurse well-being and resilience collaborative practice models • System facilitators and barriers to achieving a In developing its recommendations for the future workforce that is diverse, including gender, race, decade of nursing in the United States, the and ethnicity, across all levels of nursing education committee will draw from domestic and global • The role of the nursing profession in ensuring that examples of evidence-based models of care that the voice of individuals, families and communities address social determinants of health and help are incorporated into design and operations of build and sustain a culture of health. clinical and community health systems The committee will host information-gathering • Training and competency development needed town halls throughout summer 2019. Visit NAM. to prepare nurses, including advance practice edu/FutureofNursing2030 for more information. nurses, to work outside of acute care settings

26 Commitee on Emerging Science, Technology, & Innovation

The benefits of scientific advancements could be enormous, but so could the risks. To prepare the profession, policy makers, and society for the future, the NAM has established a committee to evaluate the complex impacts of breakthroughs.

The NAM Committee on Emerging Science, the future cannot be addressed in disciplinary Technology, and Innovation in Health and silos, the NAM and the National Academies are Medicine (CESTI), established in 2018, will consider committee to advancing as broad a definition not only the positive but also the potentially of convergence as possible, including not only negative implications of these developments. physical, mathematical, computational, and life The committee is charged with: 1) identifying sciences and engineering, but also fields such as emerging developments in biological and artificial intelligence, social sciences, economics, medical research and technology; 2) identifying and beyond. Indeed, in August 2018, NAM attendant social, ethical, regulatory, and workforce president Victor Dzau and special assistant Celynne ramifications; 3) identifying opportunities for the Balatbat published an article in the Lancet arguing independent examination of such questions; and that even the field of population health should be 4) developing a national/international framework reimagined as convergence science. to proactively and collectively address the impact In fall 2018 the convergence committee organized of developments, both positive and negative. a workshop to discuss strategies for fostering CESTI’s work will build on and align with that of convergence-based approaches to research. A the National Academies Convergence Advisory summary of the workshop is forthcoming in 2019. Committee. Recognizing that the challenges of

27

Member Highlights

The NAM has more than 2,200 members elected in recognition of professional achievement and commitment to volunteer service in activities of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In 2018, the NAM elected 75 regular members and 10 international members. For those at the top of their field, NAM membership reflects the height of professional achievement and commitment to service.

29 Members Inducted in 2018 (Class of 2017)

Mark E. Anderson, MD, PhD Elizabeth H. Bradley, PhD Wendy Webber Chapman, PhD Johns Hopkins University School of Vassar College University of Utah Medicine Robert F. Breiman, PhD Tina L. Cheng, MD, MPH Scott Allen Armstrong, MD, PhD Emory University Johns Hopkins University and The Johns Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Hopkins Hospital Melinda Beeuwkes Buntin, PhD Children’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Marshall H. Chin, MD, MPH School University of Chicago Carrie Lynn Byington, MD Amy F.T. Arnsten, PhD Texas A&M University Lewis A. Chodosh, MD, PhD Yale University School of Medicine Abramson Cancer Center and University Neil Calman, MD, MMS Cornelia Isabella Bargmann, PhD of Pennsylvania Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai The Rockefeller University and Chan Christos Coutifaris, MD, PhD Zuckerberg Initiative Xuetao Cao, MD, PhD University of Pennsylvania Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Mary T. Bassett, MD, MPH and Peking Union Medical College, Benjamin F. Cravatt, PhD New York City Department of Health China The Scripps Research Institute and Mental Hygiene Anne Case, PhD Mark Joseph Daly, PhD Samuel Frank Berkovic, MD Princeton University Massachusetts General Hospital University of Melbourne (Austin Health), Australia Arup K. Chakraborty, PhD Alan D. D’Andrea, MD Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Christopher N. Bowman, PhD Harvard Medical School School of Dental Medicine, University of Howard Y. Chang, MD, PhD Colorado Stanford University School of Medicine

30 CLASS OF 2017

Richard J. Davidson, PhD V. Craig Jordan, OBE, PhD, DSc, Ramon E. Parsons, MD, PhD University of Wisconsin, Madison FMedSci, FAACR Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai University of Texas M.D. Anderson Joshua C. Denny, MD, MS, FACMI Scott Loren Pomeroy, MD, PhD Cancer Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Harvard Medical School and Boston Eve A. Kerr, MD, MPH Children’s Hospital Karen B. DeSalvo, MD, MPH, MSc University of Michigan and VA Ann U.S. Department of Health and Human Martin Pomper, MD, PhD Arbor Healthcare System Services Johns Hopkins University School of George F. Koob, PhD Medicine Sharon M. Donovan, PhD, RD National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Rita F. Redberg, MD, MSc Alcoholism University of California, San Francisco Mark R. Dybul, MD Gabriel P. Krestin, MD, PhD Georgetown University Medical Center Lesley Regan, MD, DSc, FRCOG Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Royal College of Obstetricians and Evan E. Eichler, PhD Netherlands Gynaecologists and St Mary’s University of Washington School of Paul P. Lee, MD, JD Hospital, Imperial College London, Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical University of Michigan Medical School United Kingdom Institute Allan I. Levey, MD, PhD Therese S. Richmond, PhD, CRNP, Serpil Erzurum, MD Emory University FAAN Cleveland Clinic University of Pennsylvania Charles M. Lieber, PhD Jeremy James Farrar, MBBS, DPhil Harvard University Dorothy E. Roberts, JD Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom University of Pennsylvania Daniel H. Lowenstein, MD Alain Fischer MD, PhD University of California, San Francisco John H. Sampson, MD, PhD, MHSc, Collège de France and Hôpital MBA Necker-Enfants Malades, France Lynne Elizabeth Maquat, PhD Duke University Medical Center University of Rochester Mona N. Fouad, MD, MPH Robert F. Siliciano, MD, PhD University of Alabama at Birmingham Gerald E. Markowitz, PhD Johns Hopkins University School of City University of New York Gerard E. Francisco, MD Medicine University of Texas System, John R. Mascola, MD Leif I. Solberg, MD NeuroRecovery Research Center, and National Institute of Allergy and HealthPartners Institute TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital Infectious Diseases Soumya Swaminathan, MD Rebekah Gee, MD, MPH, FACOG Bongani M. Mayosi, BMedSci, MB, Indian Council of Medical Research, State of Louisiana ChB, DPhil India University of Cape Town, South Africa Christine Grady, RN, PhD Viviane Tabar, MD National Institutes of Health Tirin Moore, PhD Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Stanford School of Medicine Rachel Green, PhD Masayo Takahashi, MD, PhD Johns Hopkins University School of Robin Purdy Newhouse, PhD, RN, RIKEN Center for Developmental Medicine FAAN Biology, Japan Indiana University School of Nursing Michael Eldon Greenberg, PhD Suzanne L. Topalian, MD Harvard Medical School M. Kariuki Njenga, PhD Johns Hopkins University School of Washington State University Felicia Hill-Briggs, PhD, ABPP Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Olugbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MS, Nicholas John White, KCMG, OBE, Medicine and Johns Hopkins HealthCare MPH DSc, MD, FRCP, FMedSci, FBPhS, FRS New York University Chanita A. Hughes Halbert, PhD Mahidol University, Thailand Medical University of South Carolina Rebecca Onie, JD Flaura Koplin Winston, MD, PhD Health Leads Scott J. Hultgren, PhD The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Washington University School of Maria A. Oquendo, MD, PhD and University of Pennsylvania Medicine University of Pennsylvania Donald M. Yealy, MD Yasmin L. Hurd, PhD Michael S. Parmacek, MD University of Pittsburgh Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai University of Pennsylvania Nicholas Patrick Jewell, PhD University of California, Berkeley

*Affiliations accurate at the date of election 31 Members Elected in 2018 (Class of 2018)

Hanan Mohamed S. Al-Kuwari, PhD Peter Daszak, PhD Jeffrey Alan Hubbell, PhD State of Qatar and Hamad Medical EcoHealth Alliance University of Chicago Corp., Qatar Michael S. Diamond, MD, PhD John P.A. Ioannidis, MD, DSc Bruce Aylward, MD Washington University School of Stanford University World Health Organization, Switzerland Medicine Robert E. Kingston, PhD Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, PhD Susan M. Domchek, MD Massachusetts General Hospital and Institut Pasteur, France University of Pennsylvania Harvard Medical School Linamara Rizzo Battistella, MD, PhD Francesca Dominici, PhD Ophir David Klein, MD, PhD São Paulo State Secretary for the Rights Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public University of California, San Francisco of Persons with Disabilities and Universi- Health and Harvard Data Science Alexander H. Krist, MD, MPH, ty of São Paulo, Brazil Initiative FAAFP Yasmine Belkaid, PhD Benjamin Levine Ebert, MD, PhD Virginia Commonwealth University National Institute of Allergy and Harvard Medical School John Kuriyan, PhD Infectious Diseases, National Institutes Jennifer Hartt Elisseeff, PhD University of California, Berkeley of Health Johns Hopkins University Joy Elizabeth Lawn, MBBS, MPH, James M. Berger, PhD Robert L. Ferrer, MD, MPH FRCP (Paeds), PhD, FMedSci Johns Hopkins University School of University of Texas Health Science London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Center Medicine, United Kingdom Richard E. Besser, MD Robert M. Friedlander, MD, MA Ellen Leibenluft, MD Robert Wood Johnson Foundation University of Pittsburgh Medical Center National Institute of Mental Health, Richard S. Blumberg, MD National Institutes of Health Ying-Hui Fu, PhD Harvard Medical School and Brigham University of California, San Francisco Gabriel Matthew Leung, MD and Women’s Hospital University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong William A. Gahl, MD, PhD Azad Bonni, MD, PhD National Human Genome Research Linda M. Liau, MD, PhD, MBA Washington University School of Institute, National Institutes of Health University of California, Los Angeles Medicine Joshua A. Gordon, MD, PhD Keith Douglas Lillemoe, MD Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, MB, BS, PhD, National Institute of Mental Health, Massachusetts General Hospital and FCPS, FRCP, FRCPCH, FAAP National Institutes of Health Harvard Medical School The Hospital for Sick Children and The Aga Khan University, Pakistan Scott Gottlieb, MD Xihong Lin, PhD U.S. Food and Drug Administration Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Andrea Califano, Dr Health JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center David Allen Hafler, MD, MSc and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Yale School of Medicine Catherine Reinis Lucey, MD Cancer Center, Columbia University University of California, San Francisco Evelynn Maxine Hammonds, PhD Michael A. Caligiuri, MD Harvard University Ellen J. MacKenzie, PhD, MSc City of Hope National Medical Center Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of David Newcomb Herndon, MD, Public Health Clifton Watson Callaway, MD, PhD FACS University of Pittsburgh University of Texas Medical Branch and Martin A. Makary, MD, MP.H, FACS Shriners Hospitals for Children Johns Hopkins University School of Elias Campo, MD, PhD Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg University of Barcelona and Institute of Steven M. Holland, MD School of Public Health Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, National Institute of Allergy and Spain Infectious Diseases, National Institutes Bradley A. Malin, PhD, FACMI of Health Vanderbilt University Yang Chai, DMD, PhD, DDS University of Southern California Amy Houtrow, MD, PhD, MPH George Mashour, MD, PhD University of Pittsburgh University of Michigan Giselle Corbie-Smith, MD, MSc University of North Carolina

32 CLASS OF 2018

Ann Carolyn McKee, MD Daniel E. Polsky, PhD Susan Stone, DNSc, CNM, FACNM, Boston University School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania FAAN and VA Boston Healthcare System Frontier Nursing University and Carol Propper, PhD American College of Nurse-Midwives Barbara J. Meyer, PhD Imperial College Business School, United Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Kingdom Sylvia Trent-Adams, PhD, RN, FAAN University of California, Berkeley Office of the Surgeon General, U.S. Josiah “Jody ” Rich, MD, MPH Department of Health and Human Matthew Langer Meyerson, MD, Brown University and The Miriam Services PhD Hospital Harvard Medical School and Dana- Kara Odom Walker, MD, MPH, Gene Ezia Robinson, PhD Farber Cancer Institute MSHS University of Illinois at Urbana Delaware Department of Health and Terrie E. Moffitt, PhD Champaign Human Services Duke University Hector P. Rodriguez, PhD Peter Walter, PhD Sean J. Morrison, PhD University of California, Berkeley Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of Texas Southwestern Charles N. Rotimi, PhD University of California, San Francisco Medical Center National Human Genome Research Xiaobin Wang, MD, MPH, ScD Charles Alexander Nelson III, PhD Institute, National Institutes of Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Ralph Lewis Sacco, MD, MS, FAAN, Public Health and Johns Hopkins Uni- Medical School and Graduate School of FAHA versity School of Medicine and Education University of Miami Children’s Center Kunle Odunsi, MD, PhD, FRCOG, Judith A. Salerno, MD, MS Ronald John Weigel, MD, PhD FACOG New York Academy of Medicine University of Iowa Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Nanette Frances Santoro, MD Rachel M. Werner, MD, PhD University of Colorado, Denver University of Pennsylvania Lucila Ohno-Machado, MD, PhD School of Medicine University of California, San Diego, Janey L. Wiggs, MD, PhD School of Medicine Stuart L. Schreiber, PhD Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts Harvard University Eye and Ear; and Broad Institute of MIT Jordan Scott Orange, MD, PhD and Harvard Columbia University and New York- Arlene Sharpe, PhD, MD Presbyterian/Morgan Stanley Children’s Harvard Medical School Teresa Woodruff, PhD Hospital Northwestern University Marie Celeste Simon, PhD Beverley Anne Orser, MD, PhD, University of Pennsylvania King-Wai Yau, PhD Johns Hopkins University School of FRCPC Albert L. Siu, MD, MSPH University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medicine Health Science Centre, Canada Claire Sterk, PhD Lori J. Pierce, MD Emory University University of Michigan

*Affiliations accurate at the date of election 33 2018 Nobel Laureates

Denis Mukwege Nobel Peace Prize

Mukwege received the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize alongside Nadia Murad for “efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict.” Mukwege was elected to the NAM in 2014.

Frances Arnold Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Arnold received the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter for work in “the directed evolution of enzymes.” Arnold was elected to the NAM in 2004. She is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering. Photo credit: Beavercheme2

James P. Allison Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Allison received the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine alongside Tasuku Honjo for “discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation.” Allison was elected to the NAM in 2007. He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Photo credit: Bengt Nyman

34 2018 Annual Meeting Cancers: Can We Beat the Odds? 2018 ANNUAL MEETING

The scientific symposium of the 2018 Annual Meeting, titled “Cancers: Can We Beat the Odds?” examined cancer biology, prevention, treatment, and policy.

Held October 15, 2018, the symposium featured The NAM is grateful to the 2018 scientific a keynote address on “Cancer Immunotherapy: program planning committee: The End of the Beginning” by Laurie Glimcher, • Story C. Landis, PhD (Chair), National president and CEO of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (pictured left). • Mary C. Beckerle, PhD, Huntsman Cancer Dr. Glimcher’s keynote was followed by three Institute and University of Utah expert panel discussions: “Cancer Prevention: • Angela Diaz, MD, MPH, Icahn School of Promise and Unrealized Potential. Half of All Medicine at Mount Sinai; and Mount Sinai Cancers Could be Prevented-Why Aren’t They?” Adolescent Health Center (moderated by Otis W. Brawley); “The Biology of • Elaine Fuchs, PhD, Howard Hughes Medical Cancers: Challenges for Therapeutics” (moderated Institute and The Rockefeller University by Levi A. Garraway); and “Fighting Cancers: • Douglas R. Lowy, MD, National Cancer From Biology to Policy” (moderated by Mary C. Institute, National Institutes of Health Beckerle). • Gilbert S. Omenn, MD, PhD, University of The symposium concluded with the 2018 Michigan President’s Forum on Affordable Medicines: • Charles Sawyers, MD, Howard Hughes Access, Innovation, and the Public Interest. The Medical Institute and Memorial Sloan Kettering Honorable Alex M. Azar, Secretary of the Cancer Center U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, provided a keynote for the President’s Forum and The scientific symposium of the 2019 Annual used the occasion to announce a policy proposal Meeting, titled “The Evolution of Technology in related to transparent drug pricing. Following the Biomedical Science: Promises and Challenges,” keynote, NAM president Victor J. Dzau led a will take place October 21 in Washington, DC. dynamic discussion among Senator Bill Cassidy Registration for NAM members will open in May (R-LA), Norman R. Augustine (Lockheed Martin 2019; public registration will follow. Corporation), Gail K. Boudreaux (Anthem Inc.), Kenneth C. Frazier (Merc & Co, Inc.), and John M. O’Brien (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Slidesets and video recordings from all presentations are available online at NAM.edu/ AnnualMeeting2018.

36 In Memoriam

The National Academy of Medicine honors the life and work of members who passed away between January 1, 2018, and April 30, 2019.

Cairns Aitken Daniel W. Foster Adel A.F. Mahmoud Bobby R. Alford Robert J. Genco Bongani M. Mayosi Howard L. Bailit Anthony G. Gorry John Mendelsohn Gunter Blobel Paul Greengard Arno G. Motulsky Stuart Bondurant Robert J. Haggerty Ruth S. Nussenzweig Sydney Brenner Beatrix A. Hamburg Arthur B. Pardee Baruch A. Brody David A. Hamburg Alan S. Rabson Arvid E. Carlsson Eugene A. Hildreth Edward Rubenstein D. Walter Cohen Waun K. Hong Murray B. Sachs Seymour S. Cohen William N. Hubbard Donald W. Seldin Edward J. Connors Thomas M. Jessell Eric M. Shooter Colleen Conway-Welch Lewis L. Judd Lloyd H. Smith Minor J. (Jud) Coon Morris J. Karnovsky David Weatherall Ezra C. Davidson Stephen I. Katz Raymond L. White Stanley Falkow Herbert D. Kleber Charles B. Wilson Harold J. Fallon Irving M. London Edward Zigler John W. Farquhar Eleanor E. Maccoby

37 Remembering Four Early Leaders of the IOM

David A. Hamburg, who served as president of the Institute of Medicine from 1975 to 1980, passed away on April 21, 2019. His death is a tremendous loss for the NAM and the National Academies. As president of the IOM during its first decade of operation, Dr. Hamburg was instrumental in clarifying the role and focus areas of the organization. He laid the groundwork for productive relationships with Congress and federal agencies that remain fruitful to this day. Philip Handler, then president of the National Academy of Sciences, provided the following tribute to Dr. Hamburg at the conclusion of his term: “Under your leadership, the Institute of Medicine has been brought to maturity. It has earned a place in the Washington scene and become the instrument to which we aspired when it was created. Our country has yet a long way to go in the development of an accepted philosophy which will enable us to frame a consistent national health policy. Thanks to you, I am confident that the Institute of Medicine will make cardinal contributions to that process. We have enjoyed your boundless good humor, basked in the warmth of your compassion, and been stimulated by the keenness of your intellect. All of us are richer for your stay among us.” A psychiatrist who served as chair of the department of psychiatry at Stanford University from 1961 to 1975, Dr. Hamburg had a lifelong commitment to global health, human rights, and the prevention of violence. As head of the Carnegie Corporation of New York from 1982 to 1997, he focused on improving educational outcomes for children in the United States and launched initiatives to prevent war and genocide. In 1996, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his contributions to “understanding human behavior, preventing violent conflict, and improving the health and well-being of our children.” Throughout his long career, Dr. Hamburg was a member of the U.S. Defense Policy Board, a member of President Clinton’s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, a founding advisor to the Nuclear Threat Initiative, and chair of two United Nations and European Union committees on the prevention of genocide, among many other distinguished appointments. He also served as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a position recently held by his daughter, NAM Foreign Secretary Peggy Hamburg. Dr. Hamburg was the author of numerous books on preventing violence in the U.S. and abroad. In 2015 he completed an autobiography titled A Model of Prevention: Life Lessons. Dr. Hamburg was preceded in death by his beloved wife and collaborator Beatrix Hamburg, a fellow psychiatrist and active member of the IOM/NAM.

38 IN MEMORIAM

Stuart Bondurant, who served as Acting President of the Institute of Medicine in 1991 and 1992, passed away on May 26, 2018. Dr. Bondurant provided steady leadership during the search for a successor to IOM president Samuel Thier—a pivotal contribution for which the organization remains deeply grateful. Dr. Bondurant retired as Dean Emeritus of the School of Medicine at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, after a distinguished career that focused on improving medical education and advancing cardiac research. As head of the medical branch of the Artificial Heart-Myocardial Infarction Program of the National Heart Institute in 1966, he initiated the nation’s first organized research effort on heart attacks. Dr. Bondurant was devoted to improving health in his home state of North Carolina; he co-founded the North Carolina Institute of Medicine and the North Carolina Biotechnology Center and was a longtime chair of the North Carolina Governor’s Commission on the Reduction of Infant Mortality.

Harold (Hal) Fallon, the inaugural Home Secretary of the Institute of Medicine, passed away on November 17, 2018. Dr. Fallon served as Home Secretary from 1999 to 2004 and again from 2013 until 2015. In addition to chairing the Membership Committee for many years, Dr. Fallon completed lengthy terms on the Member Awards Committee and the Report Review Committee. He was instrumental in developing the Academy’s interest groups and served as founding chair, then member, of the Interest Group Monitoring Committee for nearly a decade. The NAM owes much to his service. Throughout his career, Dr. Fallon held appointments at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, the National Institutes of Health, the Public Health Service, and the Medical College of Virginia. He served as Dean of the School of Medicine at the University of Alabama in Birmingham and was head of the American College of Physicians and the American Board of Internal Medicine.

Irving London, the last surviving founding member of the Institute of Medicine, passed away on May 23, 2018. Dr. London headed a 1968 internal subcommittee that recommended the creation of an academy of medicine to serve alongside the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering. Although his efforts contributed to the establishment of the Institute of Medicine in 1970, his vision of an autonomous National Academy of Medicine would not be realized until 2015. Dr. London served as a captain in the Medical Corps during World War II and was later assigned to the South Pacific as “physician for the Congressional delegation to the atom bomb tests” (MIT). In addition to his instrumental role in the early days of the IOM, he was founding director of the Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology program and founding chair of the department of medicine at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His own research centered on explaining the “molecular regulation of hemoglobin synthesis at the level of gene transcription and translation into protein” (MIT).

39

Fellowships & Leadership Programs

The National Academy of Medicine administers five national and international fellowship programs, as well as the Emerging Leaders in Health and Medicine Program (described on page 24). Together, the NAM’s growing portfolio of fellowships and leadership programs is intended to position the next generation for leadership, innovation, and impact in health, medicine, and biomedical science.

41 Fellowships

The NAM administers five fellowships designed Science Fellowship, the Distinguished Nurse to cultivate the next generation of leaders in Scholar-in-Residence program, and seven subject- health, medicine, and biomedical science and specific NAM Fellowships. engage them in the work of the NAM and the In 2018, the NAM launched two new National Academies. These include the Robert international fellowships: the International Health Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Health Policy Policy Fellowship in partnership with the Chinese Fellows Program—which after more than 40 years University of Hong Kong, and the Fellowship in in operation is the Academy’s longest-standing Global Health Leadership in partnership with the program—as well as the FDA Tobacco Regulatory Hong Kong University School of Public Health.

2018 FDA Tobacco Regulatory 2018-2019 RWJF Science Fellows Health Policy Fellows Frank Bandiera, PhD Brutrinia Cain, JD, BSN University of Texas U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Megan Hicks, MPH Michelle Dennison, PhD, RD/LD Oklahoma South Carolina Tobacco-Free Collaborative City Indian Clinic Catherine Kemp, MHA Kirsten Johnson, MPH Georgia State University Washington Ozaukee Public Health Department Mauricio Rangel-Gomez, PhD Ellen Kurtzman, PhD, MPH, RN, FAAN University of Maryland George Washington University Samantha Reilly, PhD Daniel O’Neill, MA, MS Pennsylvania State University Change Healthcare Inc. Jamie Tam, PhD Kristin Paulson, JD, MPH University of Michigan Center for Improving Value in Health Care Samuel Stebbins, MD, MPH Arlington County Department of Health and 2018-2019 Distinguished Human Services, Virginia Nurse Scholar-in-Residence Carlos Williams, MD, MPH, MBA U.S. Department of the Navy Lori Trego, PhD, CNM, FAAN University of Colorado Pictured opposite left to right: O’Neill, Williams, Stebbins, Cain, Paulson, Kurtzman, Johnson

42 FELLOWSHIPS & LEADERSHIP PROGRAMS

NAM Fellowships 2018-2020 Pharmacy Fellow 2017-2019 Norman F. Gant/American Board of Dima M. Qato, PharmD, MPH, PhD Obstetrics and Gynecology Fellow University of Illinois Ebony Carter, MD, MPH 2018-2020 Osteopathic Medicine Fellow Washington University Michelle Kvalsund, DO, MS 2017-2019 James C. Puffer, M.D./American Board Michigan State University of Family Medicine Fellow Tammy Chang, MD, MPH Corner Health Center and RAHS School-based International Fellowships Health Centers, Ypsilanti, MI 2018-2020 International Health Policy Fellow 2018-2020 James C. Puffer, M.D./American Board Roger Chung, PhD, MHS of Family Medicine Fellow The Chinese University of Hong Kong Kameron Matthews, MD, JD, FAAFP 2019-2020 NAM-HKU Fellow in Global Health Veterans Health Administration Leadership 2017-2019 Gilbert S. Omenn Fellow Chinmoy Sarkar, BSc, Msc, PhD The University of Hong Kong Ellen Eaton, MD, MSPH University of Alabama, Birmingham 2017-2019 American Board of Emergency Medicine Fellow Mahshid Abir, MD, MSc University of Michigan and RAND Corporation 2017-2019 Greenwall Fellow in Bioethics Neal Dickert, Jr., MD, PhD Emory University

43

Awards

The National Academy of Medicine issues two major public awards annually: the Gustav O. Lienhard Award for Advancement of Health Care and the Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat International Prize in Mental Health. In addition, the NAM issues awards to NAM members and staff in recognition of exceptional service to the NAM and the National Academies.

45 Gustav O. Lienhard Award for Advancement of Health Care

The 2018 Lienhard Award was presented to Stuart hosts a prominent U.S. health services research Altman of Brandeis University. Over his 50-year conference. career as an economist, Dr. Altman has made Issued annually, the Lienhard Award recognizes significant contributions to improve the health outstanding national achievement in improving insurance system in the United States. During his personal health care in the United States. Nominees tenure as deputy assistant secretary for planning are eligible for consideration without regard to and evaluation/health at the U.S. Department of education or profession, and award recipients are Health Education and Welfare during the Nixon selected by a committee of experts convened by administration, Altman helped spur the growth of the Academy. The award is accompanied by a comprehensive managed care. Altman has acted medal and $40,000, and the recipient is invited as an adviser to five presidential administrations. to deliver a lecture hosted by the NAM. The 2018 At Brandeis University, Altman founded the selection committee was chaired by Glenn D. Schneider Institutes for Health Policy, a research Steele, Jr., Chairman of xG Health Solutions, Inc. center best known for developing the Social HMO, The Lienhard Award is funded by an endowment which integrated financing for acute services, long- from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Gustav term care, and social supports to provide more O. Lienhard was chair of the foundation’s board of effective and coordinated care for elderly adults. trustees from the organization’s establishment in Altman and his colleagues also formed the 1971 to his retirement in 1986—a period in which Association for Health Services Research in 1981 the foundation moved to the forefront of American to facilitate better research and support health philanthropy in health care. policy decision-making. Now AcademyHealth, the For more information, visit NAM.edu/Lienhard. organization has more than 4,000 members and

46 AWARDS

Rhoda & Bernard Sarnat International Prize in Mental Health

The 2018 Sarnat Prize was awarded to Kenneth an expanded model of depression care training Wells, whose work helped establish the field of for providers in health care and community- quality of care and outcomes assessment within based programs in underresourced communities. psychiatry and mental health. Wells was also Since 1992, the Sarnat Prize has been presented honored for his work to foster a generation of to individuals, groups, or organizations that clinical investigators and mental health system have demonstrated outstanding achievement in leaders, and championing partnered, participatory improving mental health. The prize recognizes research to advance equity for under-resourced —without regard for professional discipline or populations. nationality—achievements in basic science, clinical Wells has been integral in a number of studies application, and public policy that lead to progress that have changed practice guidelines for mental in the understanding, etiology, prevention, health, including the Medical Outcomes Study, treatment, or cure of mental disorders, or to the which showed that depression is as strong a promotion of mental health. The Sarnat Prize is contributor to impairment in functioning and accompanied by a medal and $20,000. quality of life as most chronic conditions with The award is supported by an endowment important gaps in quality of care in primary care created by Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat of Los settings. Wells also helped lead a community- Angeles. The 2018 selection committee was chaired partnered participatory research initiative called by Margarita Alegria, Harvard Medical School. Community Partners in Care, which evaluated Learn more at NAM.edu/Sarnat.

47 NAM Member Awards

Walsh McDermott Medal Elaine L. Larson received the 2018 McDermott Award in recognition of distinguished service to the National Academies over an extended period. Since her election in 1986, Larson has served on approximately 50 projects, including 17 committees, councils, and boards. Larson served on consensus study committees covering diverse topics such as environmental health content in nursing practice, school health programs in grades K-12, the Gulf War and veterans’ health, and protective equipment for health care workers to prevent transmission of viral respiratory infections. To all activities, Larson brought intense dedication to excellence, intellectual rigor, and unwavering commitment to producing unbiased reports to shape national and international policy and practice. David Rall Medal Hedvig Hricak received the 2018 Rall Award in recognition of distinguished leadership as chair of a study committee or other activity. Her contributions to reports of the National Academies are numerous and noteworthy and have examined a variety of topics, such as nuclear medicine, cancer clinical trials, radiation from medical diagnostic procedures, and diagnostic error in medicine. Under Hricak’s leadership as chair, the Committee on State of the Science in Nuclear Medicine produced an influential report in 2007 with five strong recommendations, most of which have since been carried out. Hricak treasures the NAM as a valuable stimulus for improving science in medicine, the quality of health care, and the state of public health in the U.S. and around the world. Adam Yarmolinsky Medal Nicholas A. Peppas received the 2018 Yarmolinsky Award, which recognizes a member from a discipline outside the health and medical sciences who has contributed to the mission of the NAM over a significant period. Peppas is a true pioneer in the development of principles in biomedical and chemical engineering that paved the way for groundbreaking scientific advances with broad ranging applications. Through his service on the NAM Membership Committee and the Subcommittee on International Members, Peppas worked tirelessly to recruit and involve members from outside of health and medical sciences. His unique ability to bring together researchers from disparate fields and his revolutionary research on biomedical and chemical engineering have had a tremendous and lasting impact on the NAM and the nation’s scientific progress.

48 AWARDS

Staff Awards

Walsh McDermott Medal Each year, the NAM presents three Cecil Awards recognizing and celebrating current and/or recent staff whose sustained service has contributed importantly to progress toward the NAM Mission—to improve health for all by advancing science, accelerating health equity, and providing independent, authoritative, and trusted advice nationally and globally. Each award is accompanied by $4,000, a commemorative medal, and a certificate presented by the NAM president.

2018 Sandra H. Matthews Cecil Award for Administrative Excellence Morgan Kanarek Chief of Staff National Academy of Medicine

David Rall Medal 2018 Cecil Award for Individual Excellence Amy Geller Senior Program Officer Health and Medicine Division, National Academies

2018 Cecil Award for Excellence of a Group/Team

Elle Alexander Amanda Nguyen Heather Cook Leslie Sim Cypress Lynx

Roundtable on Obesity Solutions Adam Yarmolinsky Medal Health and Medicine Division, National Academies

49 Finances

21% 2018 Revenues $2.9M 53% of revenue was from grants and contributions by external donors

25% of revenue was from the indirect cost pool of the National Research Council, the primary source of funds supporting Operations $3.4M $7.2M 22% of revenue was from endowment 26% 53% payout, which supports both Operations and Programs

Endowment NRC Grants, payout indirects contributions, & other

2018 Expenses

53% of expenses support program activities 32% 36% 36% of expenses support General $4.1M Operations, including the President’s, Executive, Development, Foreign Secretary, $4.7M and Home Secretary offices

11% of expenses support Membership and NAM Council activities $1.4M $2.7M 35 total staff at the close of the fiscal year 11% with 5 additional positions under recruitment 21%

Operations Fellowships Membership Programs & Council

The NAM budget supports two main areas of activity: General Operations and Program. General Operations includes the Executive Office as well as Development, Communications, Finance, Program Development, Membership and Council Services, and joint National Academies expenses.

Program includes Culture of Health, Clinician Well-Being, Vital Directions, and the Leadership Consortium for a Value and Science-Driven Health System, among other projects and activities. Fellowships are a distinct program and are reflected separately in the chart above.

50 2018 Revenues

Donor Appreciation

We gratefully acknowledge the support of private contributors to the National 2018 Expenses Academy of Medicine. The collective, private philanthropy of our members and friends helps to enhance the NAM’s mission to lead, inspire innovation, and impact the health of all people.

51 2018 Donor Recognition

In 2018, contributions from private donors helped the National Academy of Medicine provide expert advice to the nation, inspire bold ideas around the globe, and build leadership capacity for the future of health and health care. We are deeply grateful for the generous support. Every gift helps the NAM promote its core mission and respond to urgent priorities. Highlights from the year include:

• $10.8 million in new commitments • $4.9 million for the Healthy Longevity Global Grand Challenge • $1.5 million for the Action Collaborative on Countering the U.S. Opioid Epidemic • 596 NAM members and friends contributed $535,120 to the Annual Fund • 29% of NAM members gave to the NAM or the Committee on Human Rights • New Einstein Society Members (cumulative giving of $100,000 or more) ▫ David Baltimore ▫ Barry and Bobbi Coller ▫ Jane Henney and Robert Graham. • New NAM Society Members (cumulative giving of $20,000) ▫ Mary and Dennis Bier ▫ Nathaniel E. David ▫ Norman and Deann Gant ▫ Sid Gilman and Carol Barbour ▫ James S. and Judith M. Marks ▫ Paul A. Offit ▫ Palmer and Susan Taylor ▫ David Walt and Michele May ▫ Myron and Linda Weisfeldt ▫ Keith R. Yamamoto

Philanthropic gifts and grants make it possible for the NAM to fulfill its mission. We greatly appreciate all of the support received from our many members and friends.

52 DONOR RECOGNITION

Lifetime Giving

Einstein Society

In recognition of members and friends who have made lifetime contributions of $100,000 or more to the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, or the National Academy of Medicine. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor-advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation. Names in bold are NAM members.

$10 million or more Martine A. Rothblatt Alan M. Voorhees* Jack W. and Valerie Rowe Anonymous (1) Arnold and Mabel Beckman* Bernard and Rhoda Sarnat* Bernard M. Gordon Leonard D. Schaeffer $250,000 to $500,000 Fred Kavli* Sara Lee and Axel Schupf Daniel E. Koshland, Jr.* Anthony J. Yun and Kimberly A. Bazar The Agouron Institute George P. Mitchell* W.O. Baker* Raymond* and Beverly Sackler $500,000 to $1 million Warren L. Batts James H. and Marilyn Simons Elwyn and Jennifer Berlekamp Rose-Marie and Jack R. Anderson* George* and Virginia Bugliarello $5 million to $10 million John and Elizabeth Armstrong Clarence S. Coe* Kenneth E. Behring Rosie and Stirling A. Colgate* Donald Bren Gordon Bell W. Dale and Jeanne C. Compton* William R. and Rosemary B. Hewlett* Elkan R.* and Gail F. Blout David and Miriam Donoho Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Carson Family Charitable Trust Dotty and Gordon England Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Prize Fund Charina Endowment Fund Jerome H.* and Barbara N. Grossman of the Russ College of Engineering and Ralph J.* and Carol M. Cicerone John L. Hennessy Technology at Ohio University James McConnell Clark Chad and Ann Holliday Dame Jillian Sackler Henry David* William R. Jackson* Richard Evans* Robert L. and Anne K. James $1 million to $5 million Eugene Garfield Foundation Mary and Howard* Kehrl Theodore Geballe Robin K. and Rose M. McGuire Bruce and Betty Alberts Penny and Bill George, George Family Janet and Richard M.* Morrow Richard and Rita Atkinson Foundation Clayton Daniel and Patricia L. Mote Norman R. Augustine William T.* and Catherine Morrison Ralph S. O’Connor Craig and Barbara Barrett Golden Kenneth H. Olsen* Jordan* and Rhoda Baruch Alexander Hollaender* Ann and Michael Ramage Stephen D. Bechtel, Jr. Thomas V. Jones* Simon Ramo* Harry E. Bovay, Jr.* Cindy and Jeong Kim Anne and Walt Robb Harvey V. Fineberg and Mary E. Ralph and Claire Landau* Matthew L. Rogers and Swati Wilson Asta and William W. Lang* Mylavarapu Cecil H. Green* Ruben F.* and Donna Mettler Stephen* and Anne Ryan Michael and Sheila Held* Dane* and Mary Louise Miller Henry and Susan Samueli Ming and Eva Hsieh Oliver E. and Gerda K. Nelson* H.E. Simmons* Irwin and Joan Jacobs Gilbert S. Omenn and Martha A. John and Janet Swanson Kenneth A. Jonsson* Darling Judy Swanson Tillie K. Lubin* Shela and Kumar Patel Marci and James J. Truchard John F. McDonnell William J. Rutter Ted Turner The Ambrose Monell Foundation Herbert A. and Dorothea P. Simon* Leslie L. Vadasz Gordon and Betty Moore Raymond S. Stata Martha Vaughan* Philip and Sima Needleman Roy and Diana Vagelos Charles M.* and Rebecca M. Vest Robert* and Mayari Pritzker Andrew and Erna* Viterbi Anonymous (1) Richard L. and Hinda G. Rosenthal*

* = deceased 53 $100,000 to $250,000 Edward H. Frank and Sarah G. Ratchye Marcia K. McNutt William L. and Mary Kay Friend G. William* and Ariadna Miller John and Pat Anderson Christopher Galvin Ronald D. Miller Holt Ashley* William H. and Melinda F. Gates III Stanley L. Miller* Francisco J. and Hana Ayala Nan and Chuck Geschke Sanjit K. and Nandita Mitra William F. Ballhaus, Sr.* Jack and Linda Gill Joe and Glenna Moore David Baltimore Martin E. and Lucinda Glicksman David* and Lindsay Morgenthaler Thomas D.* and Janice H. Barrow George and Christine Gloeckler Narayana and Sudha Murty H.H. and Eleanor F. Barschall* Christa and Detlef Gloge Jaya and Venky Narayanamurti Donald and Joan Beall Avram Goldstein* Ellen and Philip Neches Daniel and Frances Berg Robert W. Gore Ronald and Joan Nordgren Diane and Norman Bernstein Paul and Judy Gray Susan and Franklin M. Orr, Jr. Bharati and Murty Bhavaraju Corbin Gwaltney David Packard* Chip and Belinda Blankenship John O. Hallquist Charles and Doris Pankow* Erich Bloch* Margaret A. Hamburg and Peter F. Larry* and Carol Papay Barry W. Boehm Brown Jack S. Parker* Arindam Bose William M. Haney III Edward E. Penhoet David G. Bradley Wesley L. Harris Allen E.* and Marilynn Puckett Lewis M. Branscomb George* and Daphne Hatsopoulos Richard F. and Terri W. Rashid Daniel Branton Jane Henney and Robert Graham Alexander Rich* Sydney Brenner* Lyda Hill Arthur D. Riggs Malin Burnham Jane Hirsh Ronald L. Rivest Ursula Burns and Lloyd Bean Michael W. Hunkapiller Julie and Alton D. Romig, Jr. Chau-Chyun Chen M. Blakeman Ingle Henry M. Rowan* John and Assia Cioffi Richard B. Johnston, Jr. Joseph E. and Anne P. Rowe* Paul Citron and Margaret Carlson Citron Anita K. Jones Jonathan J. Rubinstein A. James Clark* Trevor O. Jones Maxine L. Savitz G. Wayne Clough Thomas Kailath Walter Schlup* Barry and Bobbi Coller Yuet Wai and Alvera Kan Wendy and Eric Schmidt John D. Corbett* John and Wilma Kassakian Richard P. Simmons Ross and Stephanie Corotis Leon K. and Olga Kirchmayer* Robert F. and Lee S. Sproull Ruth David and Stan Danis Frederick A. Klingenstein Georges C. St. Laurent, Jr. Lance and Susan Davis William I. Koch Arnold and Constance Stancell Roman W. DeSanctis Gail F. Koshland Richard J. and Bobby Ann Stegemeier Robert* and Florence Deutsch Jill Howell Kramer Edward C. Stone Nicholas M. Donofrio Kent Kresa Thomas and Marilyn Sutton Paul M. Doty* John W. Landis* Charlotte and Morris Tanenbaum Charles W. Duncan, Jr. Janet and Barry Lang Peter and Vivian Teets Ruth and Victor Dzau Ming-wai Lau James M. Tien and Ellen S. Weston George and Maggie Eads Gerald and Doris Laubach Gary and Diane Tooker Robert and Cornelia Eaton David M.* and Natalie Lederman John C. Wall The Eleftheria Foundation Bonnie Berger and Frank Thomson Robert and Joan Wertheim James O. Ellis, Jr. and Elisabeth Paté- Leighton Robert M.* and Mavis E. White Cornell Frances and George Ligler John C. Whitehead* Emanuel and Peggy Epstein R. Noel Longuemare, Jr. Jean D. Wilson Olivia and Peter Farrell Whitney and Betty MacMillan Wm. A. Wulf Michiko So* and Lawrence Finegold Asad M., Gowhartaj, and Jamal Madni Ken Xie Tobie and Daniel J.* Fink Davis L. Masten and Christopher Ireland Tachi and Leslie Yamada George and Ann Fisher Roger L. McCarthy Adrian Zaccaria Robert C.* and Marilyn G. Forney William W. McGuire Alejandro Zaffaroni* Harold K.* and Betty Forsen Burt* and Deedee McMurtry

54 * = deceased DONOR RECOGNITION

NAM Society

In recognition of members and friends of the NAM who have made lifetime contributions totaling $20,000 to $100,000. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation. Names in bold are NAM members.

$75,000 to $100,000 Enriqueta C. Bond Bruce McEwen and Karen Bulloch Roger J. Bulger McEwen John K. Castle Peggy and Thomas Caskey Jane Menken Delbert A. and Beverly C. Fisher Christine Cassel and Michael McCally Mortimer Mishkin Michael and Pat McGinnis David R. and Jacklyn A. Challoner Van and Barbara Mow Arno G. Motulsky* Ellen Wright Clayton and Jay Clayton Paul A. Offit Rudi* and Sonja Schmid D. Walter Cohen* June E. Osborn Harold C. and Carol H. Sox Fred E. Cohen and Carolyn B. Herbert Pardes Gail L. Warden Klebanoff William C. Richardson Graham A. Colditz and Patti L. Cox Emanuel P. Rivers $50,000 to $75,000 Mary Sue Coleman Marco A. Royo Colleen Conway-Welch* Vinod Sahney John R. Ball Pedro M. Cuatrecasas Charles A. Sanders Jacqueline K. Barton and Peter B. Jane and Worth B.* Daniels, Jr. Randy Schekman Dervan Nathaniel E. David Donna E. Shalala Stuart Bondurant* and Susan Julie H. and Robert J. Desnick Larry J. Shapiro Ehringhaus Martha P. and Mark C. Fishman Phillip A. Sharp Purnell W. Choppin Norman and Deann Gant Charles J. Sherr William H. Danforth Richard L. and Lois E. Garwin Kenneth I. Shine Kathryn S. and Peter S. Kim James R. Gavin III Joan A. and Thomas A.* Steitz Woodrow A. Myers, Jr. Sid Gilman and Carol Barbour Rosemary A. Stevens Robert M. and Marilyn R. Nerem Tony Gotto Jeff Tarr, Sr. Eric M. Shooter* Bradford H. Gray Palmer and Susan Taylor Maxine F. Singer Margie and Larry A. Green Walter and Marti Unger Samuel O. Thier Diane E. Griffin Harold Varmus Robert E. Tranquada Martha N. Hill Peter K. Vogt Torsten N. Wiesel Lee Hood and Valerie Logan Hood David Walt and Michele May Ronald A. Williams William N. Hubbard, Jr.* Myron and Linda Weisfeldt Elias A. Zerhouni Tony Hunter Irving L. Weissman Anonymous (2) Catherine Adams Hutt and Peter Thomas E. Wellems and Marilyn I. Barton Hutt Powell $20,000 to $50,000 Nancy S. and Thomas S. Inui Nancy S. Wexler The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation C. Kern Wildenthal Francois M. Abboud Tadamitsu Kishimoto Owen N. Witte Nancy Adler and Arnold Milstein Edward A. and Kathryn F. Kravitz Mary Woolley Dyanne D. Affonso Cato and Cynthia Laurencin Keith R. Yamamoto Frances H. Arnold Ruth Watson Lubic Warren and Nikki Zapol Jack D. Barchas Patricia and George Lundberg Michael and Leslee Zubkoff Paul Berg Christy and John Mack Anonymous (1) Kenneth I. Berns James S. and Judith M. Marks Mary and Dennis Bier Marie McCormick and Robert Maureen Bisognano Blendon Floyd E. Bloom

55 Heritage Society

In recognition of members and friends who have included the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, or National Academy of Medicine in their estate plans or who have made some other type of planned gift to the Academies. Names in bold are NAM members.

Gene M.* and Marian Amdahl Malcolm R. Currie Ronald and Joan Nordgren Betsy Ancker-Johnson David and Susan Daniel Gilbert S. Omenn and Martha A. John C. Angus Peter N. Devreotes Darling John and Elizabeth Armstrong Gerard W. Elverum Bradford W. and Virginia W. Parkinson Norman R. Augustine Dotty and Gordon England Zack T. Pate Jack D. Barchas Emanuel and Peggy Epstein Neil and Barbara Pedersen Harrison H. and Catherine C. Barrett Tobie and Daniel J.* Fink Frank Press Stanley Baum Robert C.* and Marilyn G. Forney James J. Reisa, Jr. Clyde J. Behney William L. and Mary Kay Friend Emanuel P. Rivers Elisabeth Belmont Arthur and Helen Geoffrion Richard J. and Bonnie B. Robbins Daniel and Frances Berg Paul H. Gilbert Eugene* and Ruth Roberts Paul Berg Martin E. and Lucinda Glicksman Julie and Alton D. Romig, Jr. Elkan R.* and Gail F. Blout George and Christine Gloeckler James F. Roth Enriqueta C. Bond Christa and Detlef Gloge Esther and Lewis* Rowland Daniel Branton Joseph W. Goodman Sheila A. Ryan Robert and Lillian Brent Chushiro* and Yoshiko Hayashi Paul R. Schimmel Corale L. Brierley John G. Hildebrand and Gail D. Burd Stuart F. Schlossman James A. Brierley Nancy S. and Thomas S. Inui Rudi* and Sonja Schmid Lenore and Rob Briskman Richard B. Johnston, Jr. Susan C. Scrimshaw Kristine L. Bueche Anita K. Jones Kenneth I. Shine Dorit Carmelli Jerome Kagan Arnold and Constance Stancell Peggy and Thomas Caskey Diana S. and Michael D. King H. Eugene Stanley A. Ray Chamberlain Norma M. Lang Rosemary A. Stevens Linda and Frank Chisari Daniel P. Loucks John and Janet Swanson Rita K. Chow R. Duncan* and Carolyn Scheer Luce Esther Sans Takeuchi Paul Citron and Margaret Carlson Citron Thomas* and Caroline Maddock Paul and Pamela Talalay John A. Clements Asad and Taj Madni Walter J. Unger D. Walter Cohen* Pat and Jim McLaughlin John C. Wall Morrel H. Cohen Jane Menken Patricia Bray-Ward and David C. Ward Stanley N. Cohen Sharon and Arthur Money Robert and Joan Wertheim Graham A. Colditz and Patti L. Cox Arno G. Motulsky* Maw-Kuen Wu Colleen Conway-Welch* Van and Barbara Mow Wm. A. Wulf Ross and Stephanie Corotis Guido Munch Tilahun D. Yilma Ellis and Bettsy Cowling Mary O. Mundinger Michael and Leslee Zubkoff Molly Joel Coye Philip and Sima Needleman Anonymous (3) Barbara J. Culliton Norman F. Ness

Pictured opposite: Donors gather at the 2018 Annual Meeting

56 * = deceased Tributes

In Memory of Ben A. Barres – Michael N. Shadlen In Memory of Stuart Bondurant – Raymond P. White, Jr. In Memory of William H. Bowen – Deborah Greenspan, John S. Greenspan In Memory of David S. Greer – Vincent Mor In Memory of Beatrix A. Hamburg – Jonathan Genn In Memory of James P. Hughes – James M. Hughes In Memory of Mitsuo Inouye – Sharon K. Inouye In Memory of Theresa Manson – JoAnn E. Manson In Memory of Stephen J. Ryan – Paul and Jennifer Lee In Memory of Geoffrey Shellam – Barry J. Marshall In Memory of Adam Yarmolinsky – Alexander M. Capron

In Honor of Arthur L. Beaudet – Huda Y. Zoghbi In Honor of Richard S. Blumberg – Louis Blumberg In Honor of Chiquita Boston, Donna Duncan, Margaret McCoy, and Jamal Samuel – Elena and Peter Fuentes-Afflick In Honor of Robert L. Brent – Frank A. Chervenak In Honor of Harvey V. Fineberg – Haile T. Debas

57 Loyalty Society

In recognition of members and friends who have made gifts to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for at least 20 years. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation. Names in bold are NAM members.

Francois M. Abboud Richard A. Conway Edward E. Hood, Jr. H. Norman Abramson Max D. Cooper Joseph F. Hoffman Andreas and Juana Acrivos Linda A. Cozzarelli William N. Hubbard, Jr.* William G. Agnew Pedro M. Cuatrecasas Catherine Adams Hutt and Peter Bruce and Betty Alberts William H. Danforth Barton Hutt Clarence R. Allen G. Brent and Sharon A. Dalrymple Andre T. Jagendorf* Barbara W. Alpert Igor B. Dawid Robert L. and Anne K. James Marilynn and Charles A.* Amann Mary and Raymond Decker George W. Jeffs Wyatt W. Anderson Roman W. DeSanctis Paul C. Jennings John C. Angus Nicholas M. Donofrio James O. Jirsa Frank F. Aplan Irwin Dorros Anita K. Jones Edward M. Arnett Robert M. Epstein Richard V. Kadison Daniel L. Azarnoff W. G. Ernst Paul and Julie Kaminski Donald W. Bahr Thomas E. Everhart Samuel L. Katz and Catherine M. Howard L. Bailit* Harold J. Fallon Wilfert Jack D. Barchas Gary Felsenfeld K. I. Kellerman Jeremiah A. Barondess Harvey V. Fineberg and Mary E. Charles F. Kennel Stephen D. Bechtel, Jr. Wilson Miles V. Klein Richard E. Behrman Tobie and Daniel J.* Fink Albert S. and Elizabeth M. Kobayashi Gordon Bell Samuel C. Florman Max A. Kohler* Leslie Z. Benet G. David Forney, Jr. Jill Howell Kramer Paul Berg Robert C.* and Marilyn G. Forney James S. and Elinor G.A. Langer Kenneth I. Berns Harold K.* and Betty Forsen Louis J. and M. Yvonne DeWolf Diane and Norman Bernstein T. Kenneth Fowler Lanzerotti Barry W. Boehm Hans and Verena Frauenfelder Lynn M. Larsen Stuart Bondurant* and Susan Carl Frieden Joyce C. Lashof Ehringhaus Theodore V. Galambos Gerald and Doris Laubach Kathleen and H. Kent Bowen Joseph G. Gall Judith R. Lave Lewis M. Branscomb Ronald L. Geer Cynthia and Robert Lawrence John and Sharon Brauman E. Peter Geiduschek Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers W. F. Brinkman Nan and Chuck Geschke Robert G. Loewy Alan C. Brown David V. Goeddel J. Ross Macdonald Donald D. Brown Mary L. Good Thomas* and Caroline Maddock Harold Brown Joseph W. Goodman Anthony P. Mahowald Kristine L. Bueche Richard M. Goody Vincent T. Marchesi Jack E. Buffington Ronald L. Graham Rudolph A. Marcus George* and Virginia Bugliarello Priscilla and Paul E.* Gray Hans Mark Eugenio Calabi Shirley and Harry Gray James F. Mathis William B. Carey Robert B. Griffiths Robert D. Maurer David R. and Jacklyn A. Challoner Michael Grossman William C. Maurer Purnell W. Choppin Adam Heller Charles A. McCallum James McConnell Clark Jane Henney and Robert Graham Marie McCormick and Robert John L. Cleasby John L. Hennessy Blendon Michael and Adriana Clegg Ernest M. Henley* Christopher F. McKee John A. Clements John P. Hirth Mortimer Mishkin Linda Hawes Clever David and Susan Hodges Peter B. Moore Michael D. Coe Frank Hole Joel Moses

58 * = deceased DONOR RECOGNITION

Arno G. Motulsky* Maxine L. Savitz Roxanne and Karl K.* Turekian John H. Moxley III R. Duncan* and Carolyn Scheer Luce Martha Vaughan Earll M. Murman Joseph E. Scherger Charles M.* and Rebecca M. Vest Cynthia J. and Norman A. Nadel Gerold L. Schiebler Raymond Viskanta Elaine and Gerald* Nadler Richard M. Schoen Andrew and Erna* Viterbi Jaya and Venky Narayanamurti William R. Schowalter Peter K. Vogt Philip and Sima Needleman John H. Schwarz Peter and Josephine von Hippel Robert M. and Marilyn R. Nerem Robert J. Serafin Irv Waaland Joseph H. Newman F. Stan Settles David B. and Marvalee H. Wake Elena and Stuart Nightingale Charles J. Sherr Gail L. Warden Ronald and Joan Nordgren Stephen M. Shortell George D. Watkins Peter O’Donnell, Jr. Maxine F. Singer John T. and Diane M. Watson Gilbert S. Omenn and Martha A. Georges C. St. Laurent, Jr. Julia and Johannes Weertman Darling Raymond S. Stata Robert J. Weimer Gordon H. Orians Joan A. and Thomas A.* Steitz Herbert Weissbach George W. Parshall Rosemary A. Stevens Jasper A. Welch, Jr. Thomas K. Perkins Edward C. Stone Robert M. White Gordon H. Pettengill Robert Straus Robert M.* and Mavis E. White Karl S. Pister Lubert and Andrea Stryer Catherine M. Wilfert Jeffrey L. Platt F. William Studier Jean D. Wilson Frank Press Norman Sutin Evelyn M. Witkin William H. Press and Jeffrey Howell Paul and Pamela Talalay Owen N. Witte Roy Radner and Charlotte Kuh Charlotte and Morris Tanenbaum Gerald N. Wogan Janet and Lester* Reed Samuel O. Thier Wm. A. Wulf Charles C. Richardson Anita and George Thompson Anonymous (1) Jerome G. Rivard George H. Trilling Linda S. Sanford Alvin Trivelpiece

Pictured below: Charter Society member and NAM Councilor Elena Fuentes-Afflick; NAM Society, Loyalty Society, and Charter Society member Catherine Adams Hutt; and NAM Councilor Angela Diaz

59 Annual Giving Societies

The National Academy of Medicine gratefully acknowledges the following members and friends who made charitable contributions during 2018 to support the NAM, and those NAM members who supported the Committee on Human Rights, a joint committee of the three academies. The collective, private philanthropy of these individuals enables the NAM to fulfill its mission to build a healthier future. We acknowledge contributions made as personal gifts or as gifts facilitated by the donor through a donor advised fund, matching gift program, or family foundation.

Catalyst Society Charter Society Pamela B. Davis Catherine D. DeAngelis $50,000 or more $1,000 - $9,999 Haile T. Debas Susan Dentzer Barry and Bobbi Coller Francois and Doris Abboud Roman W. DeSanctis Harvey V. Fineberg and Mary E. Wilson Dyanne D. Affonso William H. Dietz Barbara F. Atkinson Jack and Claudia Dixon John P. Atkinson Sue K. Donaldson Rosette Society K. Frank Austen Jeffrey A. Drebin Jeffrey R. Balser Deborah Driscoll and Christos Coutifaris $25,000-$49,999 Jack D. Barchas David and Kathleen Eaton Jeremiah A. Barondess James S. Economou Jane Henney and Robert Graham Angela Barron McBride Alain C. Enthoven Ronald D. Miller William G. Barsan Eva L. Feldman Harold C. and Carol H. Sox Robert Beauchamp Howard L. Fields Arthur L. Beaudet Martha P. and Mark C. Fishman Friend J. Claude Bennett Henry W. Foster, Jr. Paul Berg Julie A. Freischlag Nathaniel E. David Bobbie A. Berkowitz Linda P. Fried Kenneth I. Berns Walter R. Frontera Challenge Society Mary and Dennis Bier Elena and Peter Fuentes-Afflick Maureen Bisognano Steven G. Gabbe $10,000-$24,999 Rena Bizios Norman and Deann Gant Lewis M. Branscomb Patricia A. Ganz Stuart H. Altman Malcolm K. Brenner Judy E. Garber Ellen Wright Clayton and Jay Clayton Claire and Ralph Brindis Sid Gilman and Carol Barbour Julie H. and Robert J. Desnick J. Robert Buchanan Lewis R. Goldfrank Ruth and Victor Dzau Thomas and Miriam Budinger Lynn R. Goldman Delbert A. and Beverly C. Fisher Linda Burnes Bolton Tony Gotto Michael and Pat McGinnis John and Denise Carethers Bradford H. Gray Arno G. Motulsky* Charles C.J. Carpenter Ashley T. Haase Charles Sawyers John Chae William R. Hazzard David Walt and Michele May Lincoln C. Chen Howard H. Hiatt Frank A. Chervenak Martha N. Hill Friends Andrea L. Cheville Lee Hood and Valerie Logan Hood D. Walter Cohen* Thomas F. Hornbein Terry McGuire Fred E. Cohen and Carolyn B. Klebanoff H. Robert Horvitz Judy Swanson Graham A. Colditz and Patti L. Cox Betsy L. Humphreys Lawrence Corey Yasmin L. Hurd Christos Coutifaris and Deborah Driscoll Catherine Adams Hutt and Peter Barton Pedro M. Cuatrecasas Hutt William H. Danforth Mae C. Jemison

60 * = deceased DONOR RECOGNITION

Michael M.E. Johns William and Janet Stead Arthur K. Asbury Michael M. Kaback Donald M. Steinwachs David A. Asch Gary Kaplan Joan A. and Thomas A.* Steitz Nancy L. Ascher Beth Y. Karlan Rosemary A. Stevens Dennis A. Ausiello Darrell G. Kirch David K. Stevenson W. Gerald Austen Keith P. Klugman Jerome F. Strauss III Joan K. Austin Edward A. and Kathryn F. Kravitz Palmer and Susan Taylor Daniel L. Azarnoff Richard D. Krugman Susan S. Taylor Ruzena K. Bajcsy Gerald and Doris Laubach George E. Thibault G. Octo Barnett Judith R. Lave Samuel O. Their Michele Barry and Mark Cullen Cynthia and Robert Lawrence Reed V. Tuckson Jacqueline K. Barton and Peter B. Albert Lee Roy and Diana Vagelos Dervan Brendan and Maria Lee Peter K. Vogt Paul B. Batalden Paul and Jennifer Lee Robert B. Wallace Howard Bauchner John Q. Trojanowski and Virginia M.-Y. Gail L. Warden Eugene A. Bauer Lee James N. Weinstein Bruce J. Baum Alan and Agnes Leshner Myron and Linda Weisfeldt Stanley Baum Maureen Lichtveld Myrna M. Weissman Andrew W. Bazemore Keith D. Lillemoe Nancy S. Wexler Richard E. Behrman Daniel H. Lowenstein Huntington F. Willard Leslie Z. Benet Ruth Watson Lubic Owen N. Witte Georges C. Benjamin Patricia and George Lundberg Mary Woolley John A. Benson, Jr. JoAnn E. Manson James O. Woolliscroft Samuel F. Berkovic James S. and Judith M. Marks Tachi and Leslie Yamada Nancy Berliner Laurie K. McCauley Keith R. Yamamoto Richard A. Berman Marie McCormick and Robert Blendon Elias A. Zerhouni Timothy R. Billiar Bruce McEwen and Karen Bulloch Eula Bingham McEwen Friends John D. Birkmeyer William W. McGuire Michelle H. Biros Valerie Montgomery Rice Mariam Awada Diane F. Birt Vincent Mor Gordon Baym and Cathrine Blom Robert E. Black James A. Morone Louis Blumberg Robert L. Black Vasant Narasimhan Bruce B. Darling Bruce R. Blazar Robert M. and Marilyn R. Nerem Linda H. Barondess Dan G. Blazer Nancy Nielsen Georges C. St. Laurent, Jr. R. Don Blim Marshall W. Nirenberg* Clara D. Bloomfield Paul A. Offit Other Individual Donors Enriqueta C. Bond Gilbert S. Omenn and Martha A. Darling Richard J. Bonnie Suzanne Oparil Evan D. Abel Walter F. Boron Herbert Pardes Anissa Abi-Dargham L. Thompson Bowles Jonathan B. Perlin Lucile L. Adams-Campbell Christopher N. Bowman Helen and David Piwnica-Worms Gustavo D. Aguirre W. Thomas Boyce Thomas D. Pollard Huda Akil Elizabeth H. Bradley E. Albert Reece Margarita Alegria Allan M. Brandt William C. Richardson Anita L. Allen Paula A. Braveman Wayne J. Riley Paula G. Allen-Meares Robert and Jennifer Breiman Emanuel P. Rivers David B. Allison Ralph L. Brinster Vinod K. Sahney Myron Allukian, Jr. Emery N. Brown Paul R. Schimmel Robert J. Alpern Rebecca H. Buckley Donna E. Shalala Lawrence K. Altman Joseph A. Buckwalter Iris R. Shannon Masayuki Amaga Kathleen Coen Buckwalter Larry J. Shapiro Cheryl H. Anderson Mary B. Bunge Charles J. Sherr Kenneth C. Anderson Benjamin S. Bunney Kenneth I. Shine Mark Anderson William E. Bunney, Jr. Henry R. Shinefield Nancy C. Andrews Ann W. Burgess Ira Shoulson Kristi S. Anseth Michael L. Callaham Joe Leigh Simpson Lawrence J. Appel Neil S. Calman Maxine F. Singer Scott and Andrea Armstrong Xuetao Cao John R. Stanley Ann M. Arvin Alexander M. Capron

61 Diana D. Cardenas Anthony S. Fauci Amy Houtrow Robert M. Carey Eric R. Fearon James M. Hughes Benjamin S. Carson, Sr. Stephanie L. Ferguson Barbara S. Hulka Webster and Jill Cavenee Donna M. Ferriero Richard and Fleur Hynes Yang Chai Lee A. Fleisher Donald E. Ingber Elliot L. Chaikof Loretta C. Ford Sharon K. Inouye Aravinda Chakravarti Stephen P. Fortmann Nancy S. and Thomas S. Inui Setsuko K. Chambers James G. Fox James S. Jackson R. Alta Charo Ellen Frank and David Kupfer Carlos R. Jaen Tina L. Cheng Claire M. Fraser Elaine Sarkin Jaffe Shu Chien Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr. Brent C. James Marshall H. Chin Julio J. Frenk Marjorie K. Jeffcoat Kathleen R. Cho Dennis G. Fryback Frances E. Jensen Zang-Hee Cho Ying-Hui Fu Dilip V. Jeste Rita K. Chow Terry T. Fulmer Nicholas P. and Debra J. Jewell Benjamin K. Chu Fred H. Gage Roger A. Johns Francisco G. Cigarroa Mitchell H. Gail Julie A. Johnson Linda Hawes Clever Stephen J. Galli Michael B. Kastan Mary Sue Coleman Vanessa Northington Gamble Lydia Kavraki Jack M. Colwill Donald E. Ganem Emmett B. Keeler Patricia A. Conrad Arthur Garson, Jr. Robert P. Kelch Patrick Conway James R. Gavin III Art Kellermann Colleen Conway-Welch* Kristine M. Gebbie Sung Wan Kim Larry Culpepper Rebekah E. Gee Lonnie J. King Martha A. Curley Apostolos Georgopoulos Patricia A. King James W. Curran Naomi Lynn Gerber Raynard S. Kington Susan J. Curry Ronald N. Germain Mary Anne Koda-Kimble Alan D. D’Andrea John P. Geyman Howard K. Koh Nancy E. Davidson Michael and Mary Gimbrone Peter O. Kohler Lisa DeAngelis David Ginsburg Richard D. Kolodner Alan H. DeCherney Linda C. Giudice David Korn Linda DeGutis Bernard D. Goldstein John H. Krystal Patrick H. DeLeon Francisco Gonzalez-Scarano Casimir A. Kulikowski Mahlon R. DeLong Emil C. Gotschlich Nathan Kuppermann David L. DeMets Christine Grady Michael D. Lairmore Karen B. DeSalvo Patricia A. Grady Story C. Landis Don E. Detmer Lawrence W. Green Norma M. Lang Jennifer E. DeVoe Deborah Greenspan Joyce C. Lashof Salvatore DiMauro John S. Greenspan Wendy and Ted Lawrence Luis A. Diaz M.R.C. Greenwood Mitchell A. Lazar Nancy Wilson Dickey Diane E. Griffin Howard Leventhal Richard DiMarchi Robert C. Griggs Allan I. Levey Susan M. Domchek Paul F. Griner Myron M. Levine Sharon M. Donovan Michael Grossman T. Jake Liang Mark R. Dybul Fernando A. Guerra Tracy Lieu Timothy Eberlein Beatrix A. Hamburg* Xihong Lin Robert H. Edwards David A. Hamburg* George Lister James Eisenach Charles B. Hammond Iris F. Litt David and Lucy T. Eisenberg Paula T. Hammond Jay Loeffler and Nancy Tarbell Neil J. Elgee Barbara C. Hansen Stephen Ludwig Karen M. Emmons Charlene A. Harrington Joanne Lynn Robert M. Epstein Maxine Hayes Ann C. Macaulay Serpil Erzurum Margaret M. Heitkemper Peter and Marlene MacLeish E. Harvey Estes, Jr. Sean Hennessy Beverly Malone Caswell A. Evans, Jr. Arthur L. Herbst Eve E. Marder Timothy G. Evans Eve Higginbotham and Frank Williams Robert R. Marshak William E. Evans George C. Hill and Linda Haire-Hill Barry and Adrienne Marshall Stanley Fahn Steven M. Holland Ricardo Martinez

62 * = deceased DONOR RECOGNITION

Manuel Martinez-Maldonado Kathleen M. Potempa Judith S. Stern Ida M. Martinson Deborah E. Powell Susan E. Stone Bettie Sue S. Masters Donald L. Price Chorh-Chuan Tan Donald R. Mattison Louis J. Ptacek Nancy J. Tarbell Jonna Mazet Thomas C. Quinn Gerald E. Thomson Elizabeth R. McAnarney Daniel J. Rader and Carolyn C. William M. Tierney Charles A. McCallum Cannuscio Suzanne L. Topalian Linda A. McCauley Amelie G. Ramirez Robert E. Tranquada Elizabeth A. McGlynn Kenneth S. Ramos Sten H. Vermund Catherine G. McLaughlin Thomas A. Rando Joseph J. Volpe James O. McNamara Marilyn J. Rantz Edward H. Wagner Afaf I. Meleis Rita Redberg Edward E. Wallach Bernadette Mazurek Robert D. Reischauer Christopher A. Walsh W. Walter Menninger Mary V. Relling Judith Wasserheit Juanita L. Merchant Charles C. Richardson Stanley J. Watson Edward W. Merrill Barbara K. Rimer Ronald and Paula Weigel Antonios G. Mikos Neil J. Risch Sheldon Weinbaum I. George Miller, Jr. Dorothy E. Roberts Arthur Weiss Randolph A. Miller Saul A. Rosenberg John B. West Lloyd B. Minor James Roth Carolyn L. Westhoff William C. Mobley David R. Rubinow Raymond P. White, Jr. John Morrison Erkki Ruoslahti Diana J. Wilkie Marsha A. Moses Yoel Sadovsky James T. Willerson John H. Moxley III William M. Sage Linda S. and Paul A. Wilson Fitzhugh Mullan Judith A. Salerno Phyllis M. Wise Cynthia D. Mulrow James F. Sallis Ioannis V. Yannas Susan A. Murphy Bruce J. Sams Wayne and Lynn Yokoyama Suzanne P. Murphy Nanette F. Santoro Laurence R. Young Mary D. Naylor David Satcher Huda Y. Zoghbi Jack Needleman David A. Savitz Kathryn C. Zoon Charles A. Nelson Randy Schekman George D. Zuidema Robert and Kathleen Neumar Joseph E. Scherger Jennifer R. Niebyl Gerold L. Schiebler Friends Godfrey P. Oakley Steven A. Schroeder Kenneth Offit Mark A. Schuster Robert Ackley Seiji Ogawa Debra A. Schwinn Barbara W. Alpert Olufunmilayo F. Olopade Edward M. Scolnick Neil Baldwin Jordan S. Orange Susan C. Scrimshaw Chelsea Benedict Walter A. Orenstein Amita Sehgal Bennett M. Brady Joseph P. Ornato Christine E. Seidman James D. Ettari Harry T. Orr Jonathan G. Seidman Jonathan Genn Guy H. Palmer Martin J. Sepulveda Jeffrey R. Harris Robert E. Patricelli Michael N. Shadlen Frances Henry Timothy A. Pedley Nirav R. and Nidhi N. Shah Jeffrey W. Hutchinson Edward E. Penhoet Stephen M. Shortell Jamie M. Killorin Bernice A. Pescosolido Edward H. Shortliffe Erika C. Manning Robert and Katherine Phillips Paul A. Sieving Richard Pierson Theodore L. Phillips Robert F. Siliciano Athanasios Theologis Daniel S. Pine Lisa Simpson Marianne Tropp and Chris Loughner Vivian W. Pinn Jeanne C. Sinkford Walter and Marti Unger Philip A. Pizzo Albert L. Siu Sarah Widner-Hess Jeffrey L. Platt Jonathan S. Skinner Graham Williamson Peter J. Polverini James P. Smith Jackie and Justin Wood Claire Pomeroy Richard J. Smith Scott L. Pomeroy Leif I. Solberg Martin G. Pomper Jeannette E. South-Paul John Edward Porter Allen M. Spiegel Jerome B. Posner Douglas O. Staiger

63 Foundations, Corporations, & Other Organizations

2018 Annual Supporters

In recognition of foundations, corporations, or other organizations that made gifts or grants to support the National Academy of Medicine in 2018.

AARP Cleveland Clinic Morehouse School of Medicine Abbott Fund Matching Grant Plan Combined Jewish Philanthropies Morgan Stanley Smith Barney Global Abram and D. Walter Cohen Foundation Community Foundation for Southeast Impact Funding Trust, Inc. Accreditation Council for Graduate Michigan Pfizer, Inc. Medical Education The Community Foundation Serving The Philadelphia Foundation Adtalem Global Education Boulder County Raymond James Charitable Endowment Aetna, Inc. Conway-Welch Family Foundation Fund Alliance of Independent Academic The Council of Medical Specialty Schwab Charitable Fund Medical Centers Societies The Seattle Foundation American Academy of Family Physicians Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Sierra Health Foundation American Association of Colleges of East Tennessee State University Snowy Owl Foundation Osteopathic Medicine Enterprise Analysis Corp. Society of Neurological Surgeons American Association of Critical Care Federation of State Medical Boards Thomas Jefferson University Nurses Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Tsao Foundation American Board of Family Medicine Gary and Mary West Foundation Tufts Medical Center American Board of Medical Specialties Greater Kansas City Community University Health Network (ABMS) Foundation University of Alabama Health Services American Heart Association The John A. Hartford Foundation, Inc. Foundation American Medical Association Herbst Family Foundation The University of Hong Kong American Nurses Association Hospital Corporation of America University of Maryland Faculty American Society of Anesthesiologists Humana, Inc. Physicians, Inc. Arnold Ventures International Health Foundation University of Pennsylvania Association of American Medical Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical University of Pittsburgh Colleges College & Graduate School URU The Right To Be, Inc. AWAB, Incorporated The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Vanguard Charitable Endowment Benevity Community Impact Fund Johnson & Johnson Program BJC HealthCare Johnson & Johnson Innovation Washington University in St. Louis Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina Mayo Foundation for Medical Education Yale New Haven Health System Foundation and Research Yale University Branscomb Family Foundation Medical College of Wisconsin Zerhouni Family Charitable Foundation, California Health Care Foundation Merck & Company, Inc. Inc. Carling and Kirkwood Miami Foundation Cedars Sinai Medical Center The Gordon and Betty Moore Charles A. Dana Foundation, Inc. Foundation

We have made every effort to list donors accurately and according to their wishes. If we made an error, please accept our apologies and contact the Office Development at 202-334-2431 so that we may correct our records.

64 Contact Us

Office of the President—Morgan Kanarek ([email protected])

Office of the Executive Officer—Jessica Brown ( [email protected])

Action Collaborative on Clinician Well-Being & Resilience—Charlee Alexander ([email protected])

Action Collaborative on Countering the U.S. Opioid Epidemic—Elizabeth Finkelman ([email protected])

Awards—Donna Duncan ([email protected])

Committee on Emerging Science, Technology, & Innovation—Celynne Balatbat ([email protected])

Communications—Laura DeStefano ([email protected])

Council & Membership—Meg McCoy ([email protected])

Culture of Health Program—Charlee Alexander ([email protected]) or Ivory Clarke ([email protected])

Development—Dawn Abel ([email protected])

Finance & Administration—Adrienne Anzanello ([email protected])

Emerging Leaders in Health and Medicine—Meg McCoy ([email protected]) or Gregg Margolis ([email protected])

Fellowships—Gregg Margolis ([email protected])

Future of Nursing—Cary Haver ([email protected])

Health Services Research—Danielle Whicher ([email protected])

Healthy Longevity Global Grand Challenge—Elizabeth Finkelman ([email protected]) or Ceci Mundaca-Shah ([email protected])

Human Genome Editing Initiative—Anne-Marie Mazza ([email protected])

Interoperability—Danielle Whicher ([email protected])

Leadership Consortium for a Value & Science-Driven Health System—Michael McGinnis ([email protected])

Vital Directions for Health & Health Care—Jessica Marx ( [email protected])

65 The image on the cover is titled “Sanctuary” by Valerie Gribben, a clinician from San Francisco, CA. The photograph was submitted for the NAM’s Expressions of Clinician Well-Being art show, an activity of the Action Collaborative on Clinician Well-Being & Resilience. Valerie’s artist statement reads, in part: “One afternoon, after a particularly exhausting day working the hospital, I was climbing the angular staircase of my gym towards the locker room when I came across this scene. Hospitals are, by their nature, noisy and busy and I had not realized how deeply I had internalized that background hum of activity until it fell away. In this moment on the staircase, everything seemed so perfectly-balanced and serene and the light seemed rich and alive like something from Vermeer. As I continued to climb the stairs, the worries of the day started sliding off, replaced by a rare quietness that encouraged reflection instead of frustration.”Copyright remains with the artist.

See more art at nam.edu/ExpressClinicianWellBeing

Connect with us at NAM.edu [email protected] | @theNAMedicine 500 5th Street, NW | Washington, DC 20001

Leadership • Innovation • Impact for a healthier future 66