Bournonite from the Janggun Mine, Republic of Korea Contributions to the Knowledge of Ore-Forming Minerals in the Janggun Lead Zinc-Silver Ores (L)*

J. Japan. Assoc. Min. Pety. Econ. Geol 77, 310-321, 1982

Bournonite from the Janggun mine, Republic of Korea Contributions to the knowledge of ore-forming minerals in the Janggun lead zinc-silver ores (l)*

NAOYA IMAI, HYUN KOO LEE** and TETSUO SAKAI*** Department of Mineral Industry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Ohkubo 3-4-1, Tokyo 160, Japan

No YOUNG PARK Korea Research Institute of Energy and Resources (KIER), 219-5, Gaibongdong, Gurogu, Seoul 150, ROK

In the Janggun lead-zinc-silver ores, bournonite occurs as anhedral grains up to 2mm long, closely associated with galena , minerals of the tetrahedrite-freibergite series, boulangerite, sphalerite, pyrite and rhodochrosite . The bournonite, though minor or trace in amount, tends

to occur in the peripheries of the ore pipe . In reflected light, it is light greyish white in colour with greenish tints and exhibits weak

bireflectance and distinct anisotropism without any internal reflections . Occasionally, lamellar twinning on (110) plane may be observed . Reflectance: Rmax=37.5, Rmin=33.8

percent at a light with wavelength of 580 urn, and VHN: 175•`198kg/mm2 at a 50-g load. The chemical composition on the average from 15 spot analyses by electron microprobe

for 5 grains is, Pb 43.3, Sb 24.4, Zn 0.0 , Cu 12.9, S 19.7, sum 100.3 (all in weight percent); the corresponding empirical formula on the basis of S=3 is , Cu1.00 Pb1.03 Sb0.99 S3, which is close to the ideal formula CuPbSbS3 . The strongest reflections on the X-ray diffraction

patterns are; 3.90 A (8) (002), 2.97 A (4) (220), 2.73 A (l0) (130), 2.67 A (4) (212), 2.59 A (5) (310), 1.766 A (6) (332), the patterns are identical with those of literature, and in harmony

with the space group C72y-Pn21m . This mineral is considered to have been formed at the latest stage of hydrothermal

ead-zinc-silver mineralization . At the beginning of this paper, geologic environments of the ore deposits are briefly described.

ides (S.J. Kim, 1975a). In recent years, Introduction exploration involving both diamond drill The Janggun mine has been known as ing and underground development has the largest producer of manganese ores in shown the new reserves of lead-zinc-silver Republic of Korea, and as an original locality ores as well as manganese carbonate ores, of janggunite, a kind of manganese hydrox indicating that the mine area is a new

(Manuscript received June 7, 1982) * Presented at the Annual Meeti ng of the Mineralogical Society of Japan , held in Sendai City, on J une 8, 1978, and the preliminary announcement appeared in the Collected Ab stract (Imai et al., 1978a). ** Present address: Korea Resea rch Institute of Energy and Resources (KIER) , Seoul, ROM***Prese nt address: Miike Mine Office, Mitsui Coal Mining Co., Ohmuta City. Bournonite from the Janggun mine, Korea 311 potential field of lead, zinc and silver. In Japan, an occurrence of this mineral has Research program involving not only been reported from some lead-zinc or copper geology and petrology of the igneous and deposits (e.g., Chichibu mine, Saitama metamorphic rocks exposed in the environs Prefecture, Harada et al., 1970; Kishu mine, of the Janggun mine, but also mineralogy Mie Prefecture, Yoshikawa, 1966). Re and genesis of these ore deposits had been cently, the presence of this mineral closely arranged, and, the field and laboratory associated with boulangerite and meneghi works were initiated in August, 1976 by nite has been reported in "Kuroko" from the present authors and their colleagues. the Uwamuki ore deposit of the Kosaka As a result, it has been revealed that lead mine, Akita Prefecture (Matsukuma et al., zinc-silverores are the products of complex 1974). polymetallic mineralization; i.e., they are In Republic of Korea, an occurrence of characterized by the presence of various bournonite was already reported from the kinds of antimony-, arsenic-, silver-, tin- Iligwang (Nikko) mine by H. Imai (1942), and manganese-bearing sulphosalts and however, only a brief description was given. sulphides, such as bournonite, boulangerite, Also, in spite of its common occurrence, up minerals of the tetrahedrite-freibergite to-date little efforts have been made to a series, arsenopyrite, stannite, alabandite, complete description of bournonite. etc. (Imai and H.K. Lee, 1977; Imai et al.,

1978a; b; c; 1979; Imai and H.K. Lee, Location and geological setting 1980). The Janggun lead-zinc-silver mine is In a series of the mineralogical studies located about 8 km southeast of Imgi, and on these ores, of which this is the first, an the mine office is in Socheon Myeon, Bonghwa attempt has been made to contribute towards Gun of Gyeongsang-bug Do, Republic of the knowledge on the ore-forming minerals Korea, approximately at lat. 36•‹ 51'N, long. in the Janggun lead-zinc-silver ores. 129•‹04'E (Fig. 1). Geotectonically, the This paper is designed to provide some Janggun mine area corresponds to the mineralogical data on the Janggun bour nonite, together with its mode of occurrence and the brief account for geological environ ments under which ore deposition has taken place.

Previous works

Bournonite commonly occurs in some hydrothermal lead-zinc or copper deposits and in some contact-metasomatic deposits, in close association with galena and "fahl ore". This mineral is also present in the slightly metamorphosed strata-bound deposits of Rammelsberg, Germany, partic Fig. 1. Map showing the location of the ularly in lead-rich ore (Ramdohr, 1969). Janggun mine. 312 Naoya Imai, Hyun Koo Lee, Tetsuo Sakai and No Young Park northeast margin of the Ryeongnam Massif granitic intrusion forming contact aureole, where gneiss and schist complexes of Pre and the metamorphic grade ranges from the cambrian age crop out widely, and also to low greenschist facies to the lower amphib the northern border of the Gyeongsang Basin olite facies (Imai and H.K. Lee, 1980). where a thick sequence of post-orogenic A thick accumulation of metasediments mollase-type sediments intercalated with in the mine area, excluding the Jangsan volcanics was deposited during Cretaceous Quartzite Formation and the Jaesan Coal periods. The regional geology including beraing Formation as noted before was the mine area was investigated by O.J. originally regarded as belonging to a part Kim et al. (1963). Subsequently, the of the Weonnam Group of Precambrian age local geology has been studied in more (e.g., O.J. Kim et al., 1963; D.S. Lee, 1967), detail by D.S. Lee (1967), I.C. Hwang (1968) but recently D.H. Hwang and Reedman and D.H. Hwang and Reedman (1975). (1975) have suggested that the rocks On the Samgeunri Quadrangle com represent the enfolded outlier of Palaeozoic prising the Janggun mine area, the rocks age. This view has been supported by the of the Weonnam and Yulri Groups of mapping of the present authors and others. Precambrian age are exposed extensively. Namely, the Jangsan Quartzite Formation In the mine area, however, there is a is considered to form a basal unit of the sequence of metasediments nearly 2500m Cambro-Ordovician sequence, corresponding thick, including the Jangsan Quartzite to the Joseon Supergroup. Formation, Dueumri Schist Formation and The Janggun Limestone Formation the Janggun Limestone Formation. The correlative with the Great Limestone Series, Dongsugok Schist Formation of Carboni in which the ores have been deposited varies ferous age overlain by the Jaesan Coal in thickness from 100 to 800 m, and consists bearing Formation of Permian age, rests mainly of massive limestone with grey disconformably upon the Janggun Lime white colour, "vermicular limestone" with "worm stone Formation. The Chunyang Granites -eaten structure" , dolomitic limestone which have intruded into the above forma and dolomite rock with some intercalations tions is widely distributed as a large pluton of siliceous and muddy carbonate beds. in the western part of the mine area. Using Almost all of carbonate rocks near the Chun K-Ar measurement, biotite of two-mica yang Granite Plouton have been recrystal granite has given the age of 133 million years lized and contain metamorphic minerals such B.P., corresponding to the Daebo Granites as phlogopite, biotite, magnesian calcite, etc. of Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous age (Ogasawara et al., 1979). (O.J. Kim, 1971). Scattering throughout the mine area are many dyke swarms of Outline of the ore deposits granite pegmatite and basic andesite which may represent the youngest rock in the Based upon the ore characters, the ore mapped area, probably a member of the deposits of the Janggun mine may be classi Cretaceous volcanics. The sediments of the fied largely into manganese deposits and formations as mentioned before, some of lead-zinc-silver deposits. The manganese which are high-aluminous, have been subject deposits have been emplaced in the Janggun ed to a contact metamorphism due to Limestones adjacent to the Chunyang Bournonite from the Janggun mine, Korea 313

Granites and may be subdivided into the siterite, etc. Monthly production is about following two types on the basis of their 4200 tons of crude ores and the average mineralogy and genesis; 1) manganese grade is, 5.5 percent Pb, 5.0 percent Zn, carbonate deposits and 2) manganese oxide 0.2 percent Cu, 100g Ag/ton, and 1g deposits. The former includes "manganese Au/ton. breccia pipe" consisting mainly of the A distinct zonal distribution of ore subangular fragments of carbonate rocks and minerals is seen in the chimney-shaped the cementing rhodochrosite, and rhodo South A orebody; the amounts of pyrite and chrosite vein or manganese-rich zone in pyrrhotite tend to increase and arsenopyrite carbonate rocks resulting from hydrothermal decreases with increasing depth, and anti manganese addition ; whereas the latter is a mony-bearing sulphosalts and stannite tend product by supergene oxidation and enrich to concentrate in the peripheries without ment of manganese from the former. These any dependence on depth. manganese deposits were mineralogically investigated in detail by S.J. Kim (1975b). Mode of occurrence The lead-zinc-silver deposits are of hydrothermal-metasomatic origin, charac The Janggun bournonite, although terized by the marked hydrothermal altera minor or trace in amount, occurs widely in tion of wallrocks, such as silicification, the lead-zinc-silver ores. In particular, it argillic alteration, potassic alteration, tends to be relatively abundant in the peripheries of South A orebody and of pyritization, etc., and have also been "manganese breccia pipe" enclosed within the Janggun Limestones at , and in the the immediate contacts with apophyses manganese-rich zone of carbonate rocks injected from the Chunyang Granite Pluton. immediately surrounding orebody. Also, They have been structurally controlled by the mineral is usually found in galena-rich the fractures of carbonate rocks and the ores. It is intimately associated with irregular intrusive contacts of granitic rocks, galena and rhodochrosite, and occasionally and are closely associated with hypogene with minerals of the tetrahedrite-freibergite manganese deposits. In the mine, four series, boulangerite, sphalerite, pyrite and orebodies are being mined; namely, South arsenopyrite. The mineral is anhedral with extremely irregular shape, and almost in (chimney-shaped A, B and C) orebodies and North orebody, and they are separate by a variably occurs as microscopic grains up to distance of about 400 m across the E-W 2mm long, but grains 200ƒÊm across are trending Janggun Valley. most common. Under the ore microscope, The sulphide ores consist principally of the mineral was observed to occur in the following textural relationships. granular aggregates of galena, sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite with 1) Irregular grains which are seen to lesser amounts of minerals of the tetrahe replace galena along the boundaries with drite-freibergite series, chalcopyrite and stan sphalerite and/or rhodochrosite. This nite, and with minor or trace amounts of textural feature may be observed usually bournonite, boulangerite, an unidentified in galena-rich ores and represents the most mineral in the system PbS-Ag2S-Sb2S3, common occurrence of the mineral. In pyrargyrite, alabandite, betechtinite, cas individual grains of bournonite, the irregular 314 Naoya Imai, Hyun Koo Lee, Tetsuo Sakai and No Young Park

Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of polished section of the Janggun ores, showing the mode of occurrence of bournonite. All ores were taken from South A orebody on the Ohgiri Level. Specimen numbers; 1: 7608004C, 2: 7608004, 3: 7608034 B, 4: 7608034, 5: 7608042, 6: 7608035 A. One polar in air system. The bar scale indicates 100ƒÊm in length. Abbreviations; as=arsenopyrite, at=minerals of the tetrahedrite-freibergite series, bl=boulangerite, br=bournonite, gn=

galena, py=pyrite, sp=sphalerite. Dark area represents gangue minerals, almost all of which include rhodochrosite or magnesian kutnahorite. remnants of galena are enclosed (Fig. 2-1). occurs between those of galena and minerals

2) Comparatively large grains of the of tetrahedrite-freibergite series in sphalerite bournonite with irregular shape, up to 500ƒÊm and arsenopyrite-rich ores. The bands are across. They are closely associated with zonally arranged from inner sphalerite in minerals of the tetrahedrite-freibergite direct contact with arsenopyrite to outer series and euhedral pyrite in pyrite-rich ores rhodochrosite in the succession of galena•¨

(Fig. 2-2). bournonite•¨freibergite*•¨argentian tetra

3) Narrow band of bournonite which hedrite* (Fig. 2-3).

* In this paper , dividing line for the terms of argentian tetrahedrite and freibergite is about 20 wt. percent Ag (Riley, 1974; Imai and H. K. Lee, 1980). Bournonite from the Janggun mine, Korea 315

4) Elongated single grain of bournonite with irregular shape disseminated through Optical and physical properties the host rhodochrosite. They range from In reflected light, the Janggun bour 200 to 500ƒÊm in length and from 50 to nonite is greyish white in colour with greenish 100ƒÊm in width. In some cases, the edge of tints against the coexisting galena and ex them is in contact with elongated grains of hibits weak bireflectance without any internal sphalerite, which contains abundant dots reflections in air. In oil, the colour becomes or blebs of chalcopyrite, pyrite and stannite somewhat darker than in air, but no notice

(Fig. 2-4). able change of bireflectance is perceptible. 5) Irregular and small grains of bour Between crossed polars, it is distinctly aniso nonite in polymineralic particles scattering tropic in air, being strikingly enhanced in through the host rhodochrosite. The parti oil; a polarization colour changes from des range in size from 100 to 200ƒÊm acoss. bluish grey to greyish brown when the stage In some grains, irregularly-shaped remnants is turned. On rare occasions, the lamellar of galena may be observed (Fig. 2-5). twining on {110} plane may be observed. 6) Irregular grains of bournonite in Polishing or stretching hardness is higher polymineralic pools which scatter through than that of the associated minerals of the the host rhodochrosite. The individual tetrahedrite-freibergite series and slightly grains of mineral are usually coarse as large lower than that of associated boulangerite as 400ƒÊm across, containing occasionally and galena. Talmage hardness is probably fibrous aggregates of boulangerite, and they B+. are closely associated with euhedral pyrite, Etch reactions with reagents having anhedral sphalerite and minerals of the standard concentration (Short, 1940): tetrahedrite-freibergite series (Fig. 2-6). HNO2, stains slightly brownish; H202,

Table 1. Reflectivities [R percent] of bournonites in air

(1)-(2) Janggun mine, specimen No. 7608035. (3) Janggun mine, specimen No. 7608034. (4)-(5) Janggun mine, specimen No. 7608004. (6) After W. Uytenbogaardt and E.A.J. Burke, 1971. * The values as measured under a wavelength of 470nm. ** The values as measured under a wavelength of 546nm. *** The values as measured under a wavelength of 589 nm. **** The values as measured under a wavelength of 650nm. 316 Naoya Imai, Hyun Koo Lee, Tetsuo Sakai and No Young Park

stains iridescent; aqua regia, blackening Zn and S, and other elements such as Fe,

with effervecence; HCl, KCN, FeC13, KOH As were below the detectable limits of the

and HgC12, all negative. microprobe.

The reflectance measurements for five Instrumental settings of the electron

microprobe in all measurements of quanti grains taken at random were carried out with an Olympus MMSP-RK multi-photometric tative microanalysis were; accelerating

microscope. This apparatus is equipped potential : 20 kV, specimen current : 2.0•~ with a tungsten lamp as a light source, a 10-8 A as measured on MgO, spot size

monochromator having interference-filters of electron beams on the specimen surface:

and with a R453 phtomultiplier. All mea 1•`5ƒÊm, the manner of X-ray intensity

surements were made against WTiC standard measurement: fixed-time counting mode

provided by Carl Zeiss Jena Co. In the in which a preset of interval of time was measurements, beam spot of 8ƒÊm in 10 sec., and by the repetition over 7 times,

diameter was employed and the objective and analyzing crystals used: LiF for CuKƒ¿

used had a magnification of •~20 and and ZnKƒ¿-lines, and PET for PbMƒ¿-, SbKƒ¿-

numerical aperture of 0.40. The reflectance and SKƒ¿-lines. The following materials

dispersion values obtained in air are listed in were utilized as reference standard; natural

Table 1, together with those given by galena for Pb, natural stibnite for Sb and S, Uytenbogaardt and Burke (1971). There is natural chalcopyrite of known composition

no marked discrepancy between the two. for Cu, and synthetic ZnS for Zn. It was

Namely, Rmax=37.5, Rmin=33.8 percent at assumed that the above galena and stibnite

a light with wave length of 580 nm, and the had stoichiometric compositions.

reflectance-dispersion curves have the Peak intensities of the characteristic

maxima at 450-500 nm and decrease in X-rays from the microprobe were initially

reflectance with increasing wave length. corrected for background and dead time, and

The Vickers hardness number (VHN) the standard deviation was calculated for

was measured with an Akashi NVK-C each determination. The ZAF corrections

microhardness tester, and it was found that were made for count rates using a computer

the VHN ranged from 175 to 198kg/mm2 programs written by Shoji (Yui and Shoji, at a 50-g load, which was approximately 1976). Mass absorption coefficients (ƒÊ/p)

identical with those of 166-212 kg/mm2 were taken from Heinrich (1966) and electron

at 20-g and 50-g load given by Uytenbogaardt deceleration coefficient (modified cr) from

and Burke (1971). Heinrich (1976). The calculations were

made using a high-speed digital computer.

Chemical analysis The results of an analysis for five grains are

listed in Table 2, where the values for each The chemical analyses both qualitative grain represent the arithmetic means of three and quantitative for the Janggun materials or more spot analyses. In this table, the were performed using a JEOL JXA-50 A stoichiometric composition (CuPbSbS3) and electron microprobe with 350 X-ray take-off analysis of bournonite in "Kuroko" from angle and two-channel detecting system . the Uwamuki ore deposit of 'the Kosaka Qualitative spot analysis by means of mine (Matsukuma et al ., 1974) are also spectrometer scans detected Cu , Pb, Sb, given. The value on the average from Bournonite from the Janggun mine, Korea 317

Table 2. Electron microprobe analyses of Pb and slight deficiency of Sb are recog bournonites nizable.

X-ray powder diffraction

An extremely small amount of the

powder was extracted from the grain # A

(Specimen J-7608004, Loc. A orebody on the Ohgiri level) by a steel needle under the

ore microscope, and was attached at the (1) Stoichiometric bournonite (PbCuSbS3) (2) Bournonite from the Uwamuki ore deposits fosaka mine edge of a glass fibre of about 50ƒÊm in (After T.Matsukuma et al. 1974). diameter. The sample thus prepared was (3)-(7) Bournonite from the Janggun mine (3): Grain # A, Specimen No.7608004. (py-ft-br-gn). X-rayed using a standard Debye-Scherrer (4): Grain # B, Specimen No.7608034. (gn-bl-br). (5): Grain # C, Specimen No.7608035. (br-sp). camera of 114.59 mm in diameter with Mn (6): Grain # D, Specimen No.7608042. (br-ft-gn). filtered FeKa-radiation. Straumanis film (7): Grain # E, Specimen No.7705130. (sp-gn-br). (8): Mean value from the 15 spot analyses. position was employed to eliminate the fifteen spot analyses is shown in the final column (8), and the corresponding empirical Table 3. X-ray powder-diffraction data formulaon the basis of S=3 is calculated as, on bournonites Cu1.00Pb1.03Sb0,98S3,which fulfils approximate ly the ideal formula of CuPbSbS3. Also, fifteen spot analyses are plotted on the enlargedparallelogram in the triangle diagram of the ternary system 2PbS-Cu2S-Sb2S3 (Fig.3). As may be seen from the figure, they show a narrow spread, but slight excess of

Fig. 3. Enlarged parallerogram in the triangle diagram of the 2PbS-Sb2S3-CUBS system, showing the chemical compositions of bournonites.

Open circle: stoichiometric composition of * After Berry and Thompson (1962). bournonite. Dot or full circle: bournonite Standard camera (Q=114.59mm), from the Janggun mine (present work). Mn-filtered FeKa Triangle: bournonite from the Kosaka radiation, 25KV, BMA. mine (Matsukuma et al., 1974). 318 Naoya Imai, Hyun Koo Lee, Tetsuo Sakai and No Young Park

errors due to film shrinkage. Intensity may be negligible, at least less than the measurements of resolved peaks were limits of detectability of electron microprobe performed by both microphotometry and as mentioned before, in spite of the visual method. widespread occurrence of arsenopyrite in X-ray powder-diffraction data for the the ores. This may be explained by the material thus obtained are listed in Table 3, facts that, in the present case arsenic min together with those for bournonite from eralization (arsenopyrite deposition) is Neudorf, Hartz district, Germany given by earlier than antimony one, representing the Berry and Thompson (1962). There is an initial phase, arsenopyrite being "refractory excellent agreement between the two, and mineral" (Kretschmar and Scott, 1976), the data are in harmony with the space and almost all of bournonites have resulted group C72v-Pn21m (Edenharter et al., 1970). from the partial or complete replacement of Indexing of the resolved peaks were made galena during the latest antimony mineral after Berry and Thompson (1962). ization. In fact, the association of bournonite with arsenopyrite is rare, and Discussion and conclusions the former is never in direct contact with the latter. In summarizing the mineralogical data As has already been pointed out before, given so far, it may be concluded that the the chemical composition of the present present Janggun material is identical with material approximately fulfils the stoichio bournonite in all mineralogical properties. metric composition of CuPbSbS3, as may Textural evidence presented in the be seen from Table 2 and Fig. 3, the slight preceding section of this paper has shown excess of Pb and slight deficiency of Sb are that the bournonite now in question had been apparent, despite the careful setting of formed later than galena which represents electron microprobe. Such a result may the youngest major sulphide of base metals ascribe to the analytical errors, probably in the sequence of hypogene sulphide and resulting in the inadequate choice of reference sulphosalt deposition. standards, or to the correction procedures In general, bournonite contains appre involving the uncertainty of the mass ciable amount of As. For example , the absorption coefficients for PbMa- line now Chichibu bournonite contains 1.13 percent used (Czamanske and Hall, 1975) and As by weight (Harada et al., 1970). Partic neglecting fluorescence for continum. ularly, in their study by electron micro The difficulty of quantitative micro probe on minerals of the bournonite-seligman analysis by use of electron microprobe for nite series from the Casapalca and Guignol mines in Peru, Wu and Birnie (1977) have sulphides or sulphosalts containing heavy revealed the extensive solid solution between metals such as Pb, Bi and Sb, and an importance of adequate choice for reference bournonite and seligmannite up to at least standards have been emphasized by a As/As+Sb=0.54 (atomic ratio) , and have number of investigators (e.g., Harris and suggested that complete solid solution might Chen, 1976). Further careful re-examina exist in this binary join. tion in these respects seems desirable to In striking contrast to the above facts, overcome this difficulty. the content of As in the Janggun bournonite Acknowledgements: The authors ex Bournonite from the Janggun mine, Korea 319 press their sincere thanks to Dr. Akira Kato Can. Mineral., 14, 194-205. of the National Science Museum (Tokyo) Heinrich, K.F.J. (1966), X-ray absorption un certainty, In The electron microprobe (Ma and Professor Ryohei Otsuka of Waseda ckinley, T.D. et al., Eds.), John Willey and University, and Professors Ok Joon Kim Sons, New York, 296-377. and Dai Sung Lee of Yonsei University Heinrich, K.F.J. (1976), The absorption correction model for microprobe analysis. Pap. 7 in (Seoul)for the kind advice and critical read Abstract of the Second Nat. Conf. on Electron ing of this paper in manuscript. Thanks Microprobe Analysis, Boston, Mass. are also due to Professor Tadaharu Naka Hwang, LC. (1968), Report on the investigation of Sam Han Chang Gun manganese deposits (in

mura, Dr. Katsumi Ogawa (now at the Korean with English abstr.). J. Korean Inst. National Research Institute for Pollution Mining Geol., 1, 9-30. and Resources) and Mr. Ichiro Kinouchi of Hwang, D.H, and Reedman, A.J. (1975), A report on Samhan Janggun mine (in Korean with Waseda University for the skilled techni English abstr.). Geol. Inst. Korea, Rept. Geol. cal assistance in electronprobe microanalysis. Mineral. Expl., 3 (part 2), 187-216. The authors are indebted to the Computer Imai, H. (1942), Geology and ore deposits of the Centreof University of Tokyo for the access Nikko mine, Keishonando, with special reference to the genesis of gudmundite (in

of the high-speed digital computer, HITAC Japanese). J. Geol. Soc. Japan, 49, 267-278. 8800/8700 operating system in computa Imai, N. and Lee, H.K. (1977), Lead-zinc deposits tion for correction of the electron microprobe of the Janggun mine, Republic of Korea Preliminary report (abstr. in Japanese). Coll.

data (Project No. 0358643002). Abstr. Autumn Joint Meet. Miner. Soc. This research has been supported in Japan, Soc. Mining Geol. Japan and Japanese Assoc. Min. Petr. Econ. Geol., A-65, 89.

part by a Grant-in-Aid for Fundamental Imai, N. and Lee,H.K. (1980), Complex sulphide Scientific Research from the Ministry of sulphosalt ores from Janggun mine, Republic Education, Science and Culture of the of Korea. In Complex sulphide ores (Proc. Japanese Government, especially by Porject Inter. Conf. for Complex Sulphide Ores, No. 1431015 (1976/1977) awarded to the Rome, Oct. 5•`8, 1980), 248-259. Imai, N., Lee, H.K. and lino, R. (1979), Stannite first author (N.I.). from the Janggun mine, Republic of Korea Studies on the ore-forming minerals in the

Janggun lead-inc ores (4) (abstr. in Japanese). References Mining Geol., 29, 62. Berry,L.G. and Thompson, R.M. (1962), X-ray Imai, N., Lee, H.K. and Sakai, T. (1978a), Bour powderdata for ore minerals. The Peacok nonite from the Janggun mine, Republic of Atlas, Geol.Soc. Amer. Mem.,85, 133. Korea-Studies on the ore-forming minerals Czamanske,G.K. and Hall, W.E. (1975),The Ag in the Janggun lead-zinc ores (1) (abstr. in - Bi-Pb-Sb-S-Se-Temineralogy of the Darwine Japanese). Coll. Abstr. Ann. Meet. Miner. lead-silver-zincdeposit, Southern California. Soc. Japan, A-64, 79. Econ. Geol.,79, 1092-1110. Imai, N., Lee, H.K. and Sakai, T. (1978b), Boulan Edenharter,A., Nowacki, W. and Takeuchi, Y. gerite from the Janggun mine, Republic of (1970). Verfeinerung der Kristallstruktur Korea-Studies on the ore-forming minerals von bournonit[(SbS3)2/CU2IVPbVIIPbVIII] and in the Janggun lead-zinc ores (2) (abstr. in von selegmannit[(AsS3)2Cu2IVPbVIIPbVIII]. Z. Japanese). Coll. Abstr. Ann. Meet. Mineral. Krist., 131, 397-417. Soc. Japan, A-65, 80. Harada,K., Sakamoto,0., Nakao, K. and Naga Imai, N., Lee, H.K. and Sakai, T. (1978c), Argenti shima, K. (1970), Bournonitefrom Daikoku, an tetrahedrite from the Janggun mine, Chichibumine, Saitama, Japan. Miner. J., Republic of Korea -Studies on the ore-forming 6, 186-188. minerals in the Janggun lead-zinc ores (3) Harris, D.C. and Chen, T.T. (1976), Crystal (abstr. in Japanese). Coll. Abstr. Autumn chemistryand reexaminationof nomenclature Joint Meet. Mineral. Soc. Japan, Soc. Mining of sulfosaltsin the aikinite-bismuthiniteseries. Geol. Japan and Japanese Assoc. Min. Petr. 320 Naoya Imai, Hyun Koo Lee, Tetsuo Sakai and No Young Park

Econ. Geol., B-42, 94. of carbonate rocks as examined by calcite Kim, O.J. (1971), Study on the intrusion epochs solvus geothermometry-An example of the of younger granites and their bearing to Janggun Limestones in the northeastern margin orogenesis in southern Korea (in Korean with of the Ryeongnam Massif, Republic of Korea English abstr.). J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., (abstr. in Japanese). Coll. Abstr. Autumn 8, 117-124. Joint Meet. Miner. Soc. Japan, Soc. Mining Kim, O.J., Hong, M.S., Kim, K.T. and Park, H.I. Geol. Japan and Japanese Assoc. Min. Petr. (1963), Explatnaory text of the geological map Econ. Geol., A-35, 49. of Sam Gun sheet, 7024-IV (scale 1:50,000) Ramdohr, P. (1969), The ore minerals and their (In Korean with English abstr.). Geol. Surv. intergrowths, Pergamon Press, New York, Korea. 725-729. Kim, S.J. (1975a), Janggunite, a new mineral from Riley, J.F. (1974), The tetrahesrite-freibergite the Janggun mine, Bonghwa, Korea. J. Korean series, with reference to the Mount Isa Pb-Zn Inst. Mining Geol., 8, 117-124. Ag Orebody. Mineral. Deposita, 9, 117-124. Kim, S.J. (1975b), Mineralogical study on the Short, M.N. (1940), Microscopic determination of manganese ore deposits at the Janggun mine, ore minerals. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 914, Korea. Proc. Korean Acad. Arts and Sci., 99. 14, 21-175. Sweatman, T.R. and Long, J.V.P. (1969), Quanti Kretschmar, U. and Scott, S.D. (1976), Phase tative electronprobe microanalysis of rock relations involving arsenopyrite in the forming minerals. J. Petrol., 10, 332-379. system Fe-As-S and their application. Can. Uytenbogaardt, W. and Burke, E.A.J. (1971), Mineral., 14, 364-386. Tables for microscopic identification of ore Lee, D.S. (1967), Geology and ore deposits of the minerals. Amer. Elsevier Pub. Co. Inc., New Janggun mine (in Korean with English abstr.). York, 68-69. J. Geol. Soc. Korea, 3, 51-59. Wu, I.J. and Birnie, R.W. (1977), The bournonite Matsukuma, T., Niitsuma, H., Yui, S. and Wada, seligmannite solid solution. Amer. Mineral., F. (1974), Rare minerals from Kuroko ores of 62, 1097-1100. the Uwamuki deposit of the Kosaka mine, Yoshikawa, T. (1966), Bournonite from the Kishu Akita Prefecture. In Geology of Kuroko mine, Mie Prefecture (in Japanese). Chigaku Deposits (Ishihara, S., et al., Eds), Mining Kenhyu, 6, 145-147. Geol. Spec. Issue, 6, 349-361. Yui, S. and Shoji, T. (1976), Computer programs Ogasawara, Y., Lee, H.K., Irie, S., Ozawa, Y. and used in the ZAF correction (in Japanese). J. Imai, N. (1979), Dolomite-magnesian calcite Mineral. Soc. Japan, 12, Spec. Issue, 70-81. intergrowths and metamorphic temperatures

韓国・将軍鉱山産車骨鉱について- 将軍鉛・亜鉛・銀構成鉱物の知識に対する寄与(1)

今井直哉・李鉉具坂井哲郎・朴魯栄

韓国の将軍鉛・亜鉛・銀鉱床は,ジュラ紀春陽花崗岩プルトーンに接するカンブロ一オルドビス紀将軍石灰岩層に胚胎した熱水性交代鉱床であって,金・銀・アンチモン・砒素・マンガン・銅・錫・鉛・亜鉛の多金属鉱化作用による複雑硫化物一硫塩鉱石から構成されている。筆者らはこれら将軍鉱石に含まれる鉱石鉱物について一連の研究を企図し,まず車骨鉱に対して詳細な鉱物学的検討を加えた。この論文は,この将軍鉱山産物質の産状を述べるとともに,その物理的諸性質の測定および

EPMAによる化学分析の結果からこれをAsの存在が殆んど無視できる車骨鉱であることを明らかにし,さらにこの鉱物が熱水性多金属鉱化作用の末期の産物であって,主としてより早期に晶出した方鉛鉱を交代して生じたと結論したものである。

なお,この論文の冒頭には,この鉱床の地質環境および鉱床の概要が簡潔に記述されている。 Bournonite from the Janggun mine, Korea 321

韓国地名・固有名詞の日本語表示

Bonghwa Gun 奉化郡 Gyeongsang Basin 慶尚盆地 Joseon 朝鮮 Chunyang 春陽 Hyeongdong 懸洞 Ryeongnam 嶺南 Daebo 大宝 Iligwang mine 日光鉱山 Samgeunri 三斤里 Dongsugok 東水谷 Imgi 林基 Socheon Myeon 小川面 Dueumri 斗音里 Jaesan 才山 Weonnam 遠南 Galsan 葛山 Janggun 将軍 Yeongyang Gun 英陽郡 Gyeongsan-bug Do 慶尚北道 Jangsan 壮山 Yuki 栗里

After "Korean Classification of Administrative District", Economic Planning Board, ROK, 1978.