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Jurassic Geological Heritage in Lithuania

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Jurassic Geological Heritage in Lithuania http://www.progeo.se NO. 4. 2006 Visiting facility in the Jurassic outcrop in Papilė. The exposure is protected by a shelter, and this is the first of its kind in Lithuania. Poland, Lithuania and other countries. Due to the long Jurassic geological heritage in history of investigation, rich collections of fossils from Lithuania Papilė are disposed in geological museums of many European cities. Jonas Satkūnas, [email protected] The Jurassic outcrops in Papilė and its vicinities are Apolinaras Nicius, <[email protected]> unique in the Baltic region and are of great scientific significance. The course of the Venta river valley with The outcrops of Jurassic rocks in the Venta river valley its outcrops was established as a geological protected have been known since 1811, when Dionizas Poška, area in 1960 and the outcrop in Papilė was established the famous writer and collector of antiquities visited as a geological natural monument in 1964. The Venta Papilė village and collected a number of fossils. The Regional Park is based on Jurassic geological values. first scientific investigations of these outcrops were carried out by the engineer Jan Ulman in 1825–1826. The outcrops attract researchers of Jurassic period Later on the outcrops were visited and reinvestigated and are visited by students of geology from Vilnius by great number of researchers from universities and University each summer. other geological organizations of Russia, Germany http://www.progeo.se NO. 4. 2006 Ammonites are prevailing fossils. The ammonite, symbol of Location of Venta regional park. Adress: Dariaus ir Girėno g. sedimentary geology and biostratigraphy is the logotype of 2, Viekšniai, Mažeikiai district, LT-89488 both the Lithuanian geological survey and Venta Regional http://survigloters.supermedia.pl/Litwaparki/parkai/22_0.htm. Park. The Papilė outcrop is included in the list of most repre- Besides Jurassic outcrops there are number of other sentative geosites of the Baltic region (Satkūnas et al. valuable geotopes in the Venta regional park: Quater- 2004 nary outcrops, picturesque erosional remnants, erratic boulders etc. Quarries of Triassic clay and Permian According to A.Linčius, more than 300 species of fos- limestone, located nearby are additional interesting sils have been identified in Jurassic rocks: ammonites, sites for visitors, studying geodiversity. foraminiferra, fishes etc. Among them fossils of mol- lusca (41 species) and ammonites (25 species) prevail. Geological mapping in the Venta regional park was The name of the town of Papilė is included into names recently completed. In the course of the mapping it was of several species of ammonites – Indosphinctes (Elat- revealed interesting features of the Quaternary cover. mites) papilensis (Pak.), Binatisphinctes (Okaites) The area is characterized by its occurrence of Middle popilanicus (Krenk.), Cardioceras (Plastmatoceras) Weichselian lacustrine deposits which outcrops in sev- popilaniense Bod. Astarte (Astarte) papilensis Rotkytė eral exposures in the Venta river valley. It is necessary L. The Papilė outcrop is the stratotype of the Papilė to stress that sites with Middle Weichseliann deposits Formation. are very few in entire Baltic region. Therefore, the Venta regional park is of great interest for Quaternary researchers as well. Loops of the Venta river. 2 http://www.progeo.se NO. 4. 2006 The section of the Papilė outcrop (according to L. Rotkytė within its border: chapels, roadside poles with a statu- (1968): ette of a saint, mounds and rests of the manor's parks. Purviai reserve with a unique part of the Uogė river, Depth of Purvėnai geomorphologic reserve, Avižliai, Dabikinė, layers Geological age Sediments and fossils Virvytė hydrologic reserves, Užpelkiai botanic- 0.0–15.0 Quaternary Glacial brown clayey zoological reserve, Viekšniai urban reserve are also m loam with boulders. found within the regional park. 15.0– Jurassic pe- Black clay with mica, 17.8 m riod, with interlayers of There are four water mills left in this park, two of them Callovian age, sandstone and lenses (Viekšniai and Augustaičiai mills) are still working. Skinija Forma- of siderite. Fossils of Among other valuable objects the Dubiškiai estate can tion ammonites Astarte also be listed. In the park of the estate there are 13 sauvalei., Astarte local and 9 introduced tree species. Totally in Venta trembiazensis Lor., regional park there are 670 species of plants with belemnites. abundance of orchid family, 140 species of birds, 184 – insects, 27 – mammals, 7 – amphibians and 3 – reptili- 17.8– Sandstone, yellow, ans. 18.8 m with interlayers of black clay. Ammonites: Thanks to endeavors of the National service of pro- Kosmoceras transi- tected areas of Lithuania and the Venta Regional Park, tionis Nik., Kosmo- the outcrops of Jurassic rocks now are prepared for ceras cf. Compressum visitors. The geological trails are equipped with infor- Quenst. Mollusca Oxy- mation stands, view sites etc. toma inaequivalvis (Sow.), Chlamys (Satkūnas J., Ransed G., Suominen Y., Taht K., Raudsep R., (Aequipecten) fibrosa Mikulėnas V., Vdovets M., Makarikhin V., Cleal C., Erikstad (Sow.), Protocardia L. et al. Geosites listings for Northern Europe – a status cognata (Phill.), Trigo- report // 32nd International Geological Congress, Florence, nia zonata Ag., Myo- Ital. August 20–28, 2004: Volume of Abstracts. Part 1. – phorella undulata (Ag.). [Florence], 2004. – P. 581) 18.8– Limestone dark brown, 19.3 m sandy. Fossils of brachiopoda, bivalvia. 19.3– Sandstone brownish, 20.5 m weekly cemented. With detritus of fossils and wood. 20.5– Jurassic pe- Sand grey, very fine. 21.0 m riod, Fossils of bivalvia, Callovian age, brachiopoda, tracks of Papartynė worms. 21.0– Formation Konglomerate. Fauna 23.9 m – ammonites: Kosmo- ceras jason Rein., Kosmoceras castor Rein., obductum Buck. Geological trail in Jurakalnis (Jurassic Hill). Vistors have the opportunity to take a look into the Venta river valley and 23.9– Jurassic pe- Sand yellow. Fine examine Jurassic rocks. The site is interesting due to active 25.4 m riod, grained with interlayers processes of formation of ravines, occurence of landslides, Callovian age, of grey clay. springs and exibition of erratic boulders Papilės For- mation Besides the values of geological heritage there are many villages with historical and architectural values 3 http://www.progeo.se NO. 4. 2006 Trepca plymetallic ore deposit, an important geoheritage of Euro- pean value Afat SERJANI, [email protected] Sheribane ABAZI, [email protected] Trepça polymetallic ore deposit is placed in the Mi- trovica region, in Kosovo. In this region, in the Vardar tectonic zone, there are located polymetallic ore de- posits forming the Trepça Mineral Belt. Last September, after the International Scientific Sym- posium: “Geo-mining Potentials – Strategy and their In regional geological aspect, the Trepça ore belt is Management” (27-30 September, 2006 - Mitrovica), placed in the Vardar tectonic zone (A. Koliqi, A. organized by University of Prishtina (Faculty of Mining Tmava, 2006), in the central part of the Kopaonik Block and Metallurgy) and Polytechnic University of Tirana (Miliorad D. Dimitrijevic, 1997). Ore deposits are linked (Faculty of Geology and Mining), a group of partici- with contact between schists and limestone rocks of pants came to the Trepça ore deposit on a field trip. Triassic age, along with the Sitnica regional fault wich goes in a southeast-northwest direction. This unit has The Trepça and Stanterg deposits are found on the developed along the suture zone of a former ocean. eastern slope of a small river valley northeast of Mi- trovica,. The deposits were known and were exploited Intensive volcanic activity happened during early Oli- since the pre-Roman times by Illyrians, Romans, By- gocene and Miocene. The ore deposits are commonly zantines, Saxons and Turks. Later, French and Britons associated with Oligocene-Miocene volcanic com- have conducted extensive mining in the region. The plexes of calc-alcaline series. Polymetallic mineraliza- first documents about this mine, from the 14-th Century tion is related to the Neogene andezite-latitte volcanics AC, are found in the Archive of Dubrovnik. Modern and intrusives (Kosovo-Mining Journal, special publica- mining began in the 1930’s, when the British company tion, London, October, 2005). Carbonate-replacement Selection Trust Ltd. revamped the Trepça Complex. and vein type lead-zinc mineralizations are formed. Strong structural control in NNW trending Vardar zone is predominant. Polymetalic mineralisation has originated from hydro- thermal fluids related with Tertiary volcanism (G. Maliqi, M. Diehl, B. Shala, 2006). Two types of Pb-Zn- Ag mineralizations occur: • Massive Pb-Zn sulfide mineralization of hydro- thermal origin formed by carbonate replace- ment processes with high Pb-Zn content. • Skarn mineralisation of metasomatic origin as- sociated with paleokarst processes and Pb-Zn content. The ore bodies are of different shapes, characterized by discordant masses, lenses or veins of massive and sub-massive ore textures along with a breccia pipes, funnels, chimneys, columns, and dykes. K-Ar isotope study reveals 16.62 (+ or 0.54) ma. for the skarn ore body. Regional Geological location of Trepça ore deposit. (After Miliorad D. Dimitrijevic in: “Geology of Yugoslavia”, 1997). Due to its genetic origin, the morphology of the ore bodies and geological structure, Trepça polymetallic deposit represents a classical example, and has been
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