by Frederic W. Galbraith and Daniel J. Brennan
THE ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES
Price One Dollar Free to Residents of Arizona
Bulletin 181 1970
THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
TUCSON TABLE OF CONT'ENTS
EIements .___ 1
FOREWORD Sulfides .______9
As a service about mineral matters in Arizona, the Arizona Bureau Sulfosalts ._. .___ __ 22 of Mines, University of Arizona, is pleased to reprint the long-standing booklet on MINERALS OF ARIZONA. This basic journal was issued originally in 1941, under the authorship of Dr. Frederic W. Galbraith, as Simple Oxides .. 26 a bulletin of the Arizona Bureau of Mines. It has moved through several editions and, in some later printings, it was authored jointly by Dr. Gal Oxides Containing Uranium, Thorium, Zirconium ...... 34 braith and Dr. Daniel J. Brennan. It now is being released in its Fourth Edition as Bulletin 181, Arizona Bureau of Mines. Hydroxides .. .. 35 The comprehensive coverage of mineral information contained in the bulletin should serve to give notable and continuing benefits to laymen as well as to professional scientists of Arizona. Multiple Oxides 37 J. D. Forrester, Director Arizona Bureau of Mines Multiple Oxides Containing Columbium, February 2, 1970 Tantaum, Titanium ...... 40
Halides .. .. ______41
Carbonates, Nitrates, Borates ...... 45
Sulfates, Chromates, Tellurites ...... __ .._.. __ 57
Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates, Antimonates .._ 68
First Edition (Bulletin 149) July 1, 1941 Vanadium Oxysalts ...... 76 Second Edition, Revised (Bulletin 153) April, 1947 Third Edition, Revised 1959; Second Printing 1966 Fourth Edition (Bulletin 181) February, 1970 Tungstates, Molybdates.. _...... 79
Silicates ...... ______83 ELEMENTS Gold Platinum Tellurium Silver Iron Sulfur Copper Nickel-Iron Diamond Lead Arsenic Graphite Mercury Bismuth Selenium
GOLD Au. Golden-yellow to pale yellow. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak yellow. H. = 2.5-3. SeetHe, malleable, and ductile. Hackly fracture. G. = 19.3 when pure. Isometric, hexoctahedral. Distinct crystals rare. Skeletal crystals common with filiform, reticu lated, or dendritic shapes. Also massive, and in thin plates, flattened grains, or scales. Widely distributed in small quantities. Most abundant in ACKNOWLEDGMENTS quartz veins or in placer deposits from weathering of primary gold ores. Less commonly in the oxidized zone of sulfide deposits. Most gold of the early days in Arizona was recovered from This description of the minerals of Arizona has been compiled placers. These deposits, readily worked, soon declined in im largely from publications and manuscripts. Numerous persons portance; but placer gold is still produced in many localities of were also consulted regarding undescribed mineral deposits and the state. Much of the present gold production is from copper occurrences, and a great deal of valuable information was ob sulfide ores. tained from these sources. It is impracticable to list the numerous Arizona mines and prospects in which gold occurs. Descriptions and references are The writers are especially indebted to A. L. Flagg and other given in Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletins 137 and 142, further members of the Arizona Mineralogical Society for the many new references in Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 146 and 161, and localities which they have described. Alice D. Weeks, Geologist production figures in Bulletin 140. for the United States Geological Survey, provided a list of many .new minerals together with their occurrences. The assistance of Lode deposits Dr. Eldred D. Wilson, without whose intimate knowledge of Ari Cochise County-Warren (Bisbee) and Turquoise districts, zona's mineral resources many obscure localities would have with ores of copper, silver, and lead. Tombstone district, with remained unknown, is greatly appreciated, as is that of the host lead-silver ores. Pearce district, with silver ores. Dragoon Moun of other individuals whose interest in the mineralogy of Arizona tains, Manzoro district. Dos Cabezas Mountains, Dos Cabezas and has made this publication possible. Teviston districts. Huachuca Mountains. Swisshelm Mountains. Gila County-Globe-Miami district, with ores of copper and silver. Dripping Spring Mountains, Barnes district, with ores of copper, lead, and silver. Payson district. Graham County-Galiuro Mountains, Rattlesnake district. Pifialeno Mountains, Aravaipa and Stanley districts. Gila Moun tains. Santa Teresa Mountains. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, with ores of cop per and silver. Maricopa County-Vulture district, with lead and silver. Cave Creek district. Phoenix Mountains. Bighorn Mountains. Mohave County-Black Mountains, San Francisco and Kath erine districts. Cerbat Range, Cerbat, Chloride, Stockton Hill, and Mineral Park districts. Hualpai Mountains, Maynard district, with ores of silver. Gold basin district. Pima County-Ajo district, with ores of copper and silver. Baboquivari Mountains. Comobabi and Empire mountains with ores of copper, lead, and silver. Pinal County-Superior and Ray districts, with copper, silver, and lead ores. Mammoth district. Casa Grande district, with ores of copper and silver. Goldfield Mountains, Goldfield district. Santa Cruz County-Oro Blanco Mountains, with ores of lead, silver, and copper. Santa Rita Mountains. Patagonia Mountains. 2 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 3
Yavapai County-Verde district, with copper and silver ores. Cochise County-Tombstone, as disseminated flakes at the Em Bradshaw Mountains at the Big Bug, Peck, Walker, and Tiger pire mine, and as small masses of wire silver, Flora Morrison districts with ores of copper, silver, and lead; Hassayampa and mine. Bisbee district, in small amounts, with secondary chalcocite, Black Canyon districts with lead-silver ores; Pine Grove and more rarely with halloysite. Commonwealth mine, Pearce, with Agua Fria districts, with copper-silver ores; Groom Creek, Tur cerargyrite, embolite, and jarosite. key Creek, Bradshaw, and Tip Top districts, with silver. Santa Maria Mountains, Eureka district, with copper, silver, and lead Gila County-Globe district, as minute flakes in ca1citeat the ores. Date Creek Mountains, Martinez district. Wickenburg Moun Continental mine, as stout wires in the oxidized ore of the Old tains, Black Rock district. Dominion mine. Fine specimens from placers 4 miles north of Globe. At Richmond Basin, one of the chief ore minerals in fairly Yuma County-Kofa and Gila mountains, with silver. Har large masses. At Payson, as wire silver in the oxidized ore of quahala Mountains, with ores of copper and lead. Williams the Silver Butte mine, Mountains, Cienega district, with copper ores. Castle Dome Moun tains, Castle Dome district, with lead-silver ores. Also in the Graham County-Aravaipa district, at the La Clede mine. Plomosa, Sheep Tanks, Dome Rock, Laguna, Trigo, and Gila Maricopa County-From pegamites in the White Picacho Bend Mountains. District. Mohave County-Cerbat Range, Distaff mine, as chunks of Placer deposits several pounds' weight in the deeper workings; Lucky Boy and Cochise County-Small production from Dos Cabezas, Tevis Samoa mines, Chloride district; Golden Bee and Queen Bee mines. ton, Huachuca, Gleeson, Pearce, and Gold Gulch (Bisbee) placers. Mineral Park district; Banner group, Stockton Hills district, in Gila County-Small production from Dripping Spring, Bar solid chunks and masses of wire silver; Tennessee-Schuylkill barossa, Globe-Miami, and Payson placers. mine, Wallapai district. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci placers, along San Fran Pima County-Tortolita Mountains, Apache property, with cisco and Chase creeks. chalcocite and cerargyrite. Cerro Colorado, Cerro Colorado mine Maricopa County-Vulture, San Domingo, and Hassayampa with stromeyerite and tetrahedrite. placers. Pinal County-Superior district, in the enriched ore of the Mohave County-Gold Basin, Chemehuevis, Lewis, Wright Silver King mine, as magnificent crystallized and wire specimens; Creek, Lookout, and Silver Creek placers. in the upper portions of the Magma mine. Galiuro Mountains. Pima County-Greaterville, Quijotoa, Papago, and Horseshoe Little Treasure, and Adjust mines, Saddle Mountain district, as Basin districts. Less important are the Las Guijas, Old Baldy, wire silver in small cavities. Baboquivari, Armagosa and Alder Canyon placers. A $228 nugget Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Domino mines, Pal was found at Greaterville in 1924. metto district, with crystallized cerussite and wulfenite; Worlds Pinal County-Canada del Oro placers. Fair mine, Harshaw district, with tetrahedrite. Santa Rita Moun Santa Cruz County-Oro Blanco, Mowry, Harshaw, Tyndall, tains, as small crystals surrounded by magnetite in diorite on Nogales, and Palmetto placers. the southern slopes of the range. Yavapai County-Weaver Creek, Rich Hill, Lynx Creek, Big Yavapai County-United Verde mine, as a thin layer of high Bug, Minnehaha, Hassayampa, Groom Creek, Copper Basin, grade ore immediately above the sulfide ore body. Bradshaw Placerita, and Black Canyon districts are the most important. Mountains, at several properties, as the Dos Oris mine, Hassay Smaller production from several other deposits. A 271-gram nug ampa district, with argentite and cerargyrite; Arizona-National get was found on Weaver Creek in 1930 and in 1932-33 several mine, Big Bug district, as wire silver in cavities with argentite; nuggets up to more than 3 ounces were recovered from the same Goodwin properties, Turkey Creek district, with cerargyrite; general area. Thunderbolt mine, Black Canyon district, with proustite; Tip Top Yuma County-La Paz, Gila City (Dome), Plomosa, La Cholla, mine, Tip Top district, with ruby silver and cerargyrite. Monte Oro Fino, Laguna, Castle Dome, and Kofa districts have yielded Cristo mine. Wickenburg Mountains, with niccolite and chloan most of the production. Less important are the Muggins, Trigo, thite in rich ores of primary origin. and Harquahala placers. COPPER SILVER Cu. Copper-red, commonly tarnished iridescent, green, or black. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak copper-red. H. = 2.5-3. Sectile, ductile, and malleable. Hackly Ag. Color and streak silver-white, commonly gray to black by tarnish. Luster fracture. G. = 8.95. Isometric, hexoctahedral. Distinct crystals are rare, but com metallic. Opaque. H. = 2.5-3. Sectile, ductile, and malleable. Hackly fracture. G. = monly in distorted groups or twisted and wirelike forms. Sheets and irregular masses 10.1-11.1. Isometric, hexoctahedral. Crystals malformed and acicular, recticulated, or may reach large size. arborescent. Commonly as grains, plates, or scales. Of secondary origin; widely distributed in the oxide zone of Most commonly secondary in the upper portions of silver many copper deposits, accompanied by cuprite, malachite, teno bearing deposits, or in the zone of sulfide enrichment with chal rite, and "limonite." Also in beds of sedimentary rocks and in cocite. Less commonly of primary origin, disseminated in galena cavities of certain volcanic rocks. May pseudomorphously replace or tetrahedrite. such minerals as cuprite, azurite, and chalcopyrite. 5 MINERALS OF ARIZONA 4 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PLATINUM Cochise County-Bisbee district abundant i 'd' Pt. Alloyed with iron, iridium, or palladium. Color and streak whitish steel-graY. b~~~~tfd~o~J:.nw~~n~t~vethe t~ird level, as ~~~e~z:ts~~:r~i Luster metallic. Opaque. H. = 4-4.5. Sectile, malleable, and ductile. G. = 14-19. some coated with f . ·fne specImens of crystallIzed material Isometric, hexoctahedraL Crystals rare. As grains or scales. Calumet and Ari na Ive. SI ver, were taken from a single pocket: A rare mineral. Almost invariably in peridotite, serpentine, or throughout cupri~~n:n~I~,e~~:~all .c?stals, ~rregu~ar n~two:ks in placers derived from them. and kaolin. Courtland-Gleeson Yd~:~cutres °lcuprIte'bhmomte, Maricopa County-San Domingo placers and along the Gila masses. ' as arge ar orescent River, opposite the old Riverside Stage station. Yavapai County-In black sands near Columbia and Prescott. Gila County-Globe district a·11 h kl ... eralized. quartzite,ommlOnOld D. .' asmmesl?1 Drippingac y partIclesS.Mm mm- ams, Christmas mine Rarely . prIng oun tCastle Dome mine.' , as a secondary mineral in the IRON-NICKEL-IRON Fe. Color and streak steel-gray to iron-black. Luster metallic. Opaque. H. = 4. Greenlee County-Clifton Moren~I. d' . G. = 7.3-7.87. Malleable. Fracture hackly. Isometric, hexoctahedraL Crystals rare. parts of the veins 1 .- IStrIet, common in upper Strongly magnetic. Meteoric iron, known as kamacite, is commonly alloyed with A%~~Zd;;~~a~upr~te atJ?~ ~imit nickel, generally in amount from 2 to 7 per cent; meteoric nickel-iron, known as chalcocite zone. me upper of the taenite, contains from 24 to 77 per cent Ni. unusual compounds such as schreibersite copper up to 8 inches thick with :ib , Ilhams vem, as solid (Fe,Ni)aP, moissanite, CSi, cohenite (Fe,Ni,Co)nC, and lawrencite (FeCb) occur in pseudomorphous after chalcocite rous structure and probably meteorites. Mohave County-In sm 11 . Terrestrial iron is of extremely rare occurrence and is not in t~e Wallapai Mining di:tric~~ounts as a secondary mineral known from Arizona, but several important meteoric falls are Ptma County-Santa Rita M t' . known. t~e Helvetia district. Silver Bel1u~ams, ~t var.lOus properties in Coconino County-The Canyon Diablo iron has been described TIro mines. ountams, SlIver Bell, and EI by F. N. Guild as follows: Pinal County-Ray district b d t' One of the most famous occurrences of meteoric iron in the world is that of the Galiuro Mountains as twisted :n~n ~n l!~ the upper workings. Canon Diablo iron found in the immediate vicinity of a slight elevation, variously ore, Copper Princ~ mine WIre I e masses in oxidized known as Crater Mountain, Coon Butte, and Meteor Mountain. It is located in the plateau region of Arizona, about twelve miles from the Santa Fe station known as Canon Diablo, and thirty-five miles from Flagstaff. The iron is found in fragments Yavapai County-United V dE' . scattered on the surface of the ground in sizes varying from that of a bean to masses dant with cuprite. Also as fin:rs e .xtenslOfn mme, locally abun weighing over one hundred pounds. In all it is said that nearly twenty tons of the peclmens rom near Walker. material have been gathered and distributed to various museums and private collec- tionsThein alllocalitypartsisofespeciallythe world.interesting-not only on account of the meteoric masses LEAD found there, but because of the interesting question as to the origin of the elevation apparently so intimately connected with them. The composition of the iron, as shown by the following analyses made by H. Moissan, of Paris, varies greatly in different Malleable;Pb. Silverysomewhat'gray ductile.Luster me t a11'IC. Opaque. Streak Black. H = 1.5. G. = 1l.36. parts of the same fragment.. 95.06 91.09 92.08 Occurs as native metal in 'd' d Iron ...." 91.12 5.07 1.08 7.05 Usually oxidized when found n~XI ~~e zOfne of vein deposits. Nickel...... 3.07 Maricopa Count R ar e sur ace. Small quantities of silica, magnesia, and phosphorus are also reported. Y Creek, Old Woman GUI~hort~~tl frSm t~e ~enches of Oxbow The only known occurrence of moissanite is in the Canyon sand with magnetite. . , e an ommgo Creek, in red Diablo meteorite, which also contains cohenite. Yavapai County-Reportedan~ fiSt . ~asses• . The San Francisco Mountains meteorite was discovered about (15 miles west of Congress) at L-slzpeda az m redinGoldquartz. Crater 1920 on the lower northern slopes of the San Francisco Moun tains. The Elden meteorite, a small mass of 3.5 kilograms, dis MERCURY covered in 1927 near Mt. Elden, is an intergrowth of nickel-iron ~g. Tin-whit~. and graphite in nearly equal proportions, and also contains law Luster brilliant metallic. G. = 13.6. Small fluid globules in gangue. rencite. As similar iron-graphite nodules are known from the Canyon Diablo iron, this occurrence is believed to be a part of form~~fr~~t~~~~l~~~:t~~nt~;cTn~:~~~ ~ftt'~;is:~ot~dary origin, assocIated. c I. IS commonly that fall. The Winona meteorite, part iron, part stone, was dis covered in 1928 in a prehistoric ruin near Winona. Gkila County-Mazatzal Mountains ree deposits. ' Slate Gila County-Gun Creek meteorite, discovered in the Sierra C Ancha Mountains in 1909. Clover Springs meteorite, total weight Maricopa County-Mazatzal Mountains 7.7 kilograms, mesosiderite, discovered at Clover Springs in 1955. Sunflower district. ' Maricopa County-The Rhoades meteorite, which fell during Mo~ave County-Maynard district l\!J.cmtltailris. cerussIte. ' .u.ILl.t:t.lfJi:U .... the shower of October 9, 1946, a short distance south of Chandler. The meteorite was discovered by plotting the azimuths of a parti Yavapai County-In appreciable qUiant;ity cularly bright fall which registered on the plates of two cameras p~acers, lower Copper Basin Wash cmnabar deposits in the vicinity.' set up 19 miles apart. 6 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 7
meteorite, consisting of two ARSENIC $.I.'rwectively, were discovered ~ll-~l'irn As. Tin-white, commonly tarnished dark gray. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak of the Grand Canyon tin-white on fresh surface. H. = 3.5. G. = 5.63-5.78. Hexagonal scalenohedral. Perfect ~drite -. with angular enclosures basal cleavage, not prominent. Generaly fine granular, reniform, or stalactitic masses. ahhbh as follows: SP Insol. Total A primary mineral uncommon in large quantities. Mostly .006 .402 .032 99.825 associated with silver, cobalt, or nickel ores, but also found in rook -meteoric fall, a shower of other sulfide deposits. ~
Analyses of the Weaver mE,te()ri1le A mineral of rare occurrence. W. B. ALJD SULFUR SULFIDES t S. Various shades of yellow; greenish or reddish. Luster resinous. Transparent o trapslucent. H. = 1.5-2.5. G. =2.07. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Crystals pyramidal Tetradymite Rickardite Niccolite Pyrite or thIck tabular. Commonly maSSIve or as incrustations. Domeykite Galena Pentlandite Cobaltite . Formed dir.ectly from volcanic gases by reduction of sulfate Dyscrasite Alabandite Cubanite Loellingite mmerals, partIcularly gypsum, and by decomposition of sulfide Argentite Sphalerite Covellite Marcasite or~s. Commonly in small quantities in the pyritic waste on old Digenite Metacinnabar Cinnabar Arsenopyrite mme dumps. Hessite Chalcopyrite Realgar Molybdenite Cochise County-At Tombstone, resinous amber-yellow sulfur Chalcocite Wurtzite Orpiment Smaltite somewhat resembli~g yellow sphale;rite, occurs in small crystal~ Stromeyerite Greenockite Stibnite Chloanthite and replaces anglesIte and galena m the Skip shaft fissure on Bornite Pyrrhotite Bismuthinite th;e fourt.h l~vel of the Empire mine; also from the Mary Jo mine, BIsbee dlstnct, as small yellow crystals with sphalerite from the TETRADYMITE 1,500-foot level of the Junction mine. BbTe2S. Color and streak pale steel-gray. Luster metallic, splendent. Opaque. . Coconino County-San Francisco Mountains, in small quanti"" H. = 1.5-2. Somewhat sectile. G. = 7.1-7.5. Hexagonal, rhombohedral. Perfect basal cleavage, yielding flexible, but not elastic laminae. Commonly in bladed forms or tIes at .Sunset Crater and other near-by cinder cones. foliated to granular masses. Mancopa CO~'YI;ty-As cr~stals in cavities in quartz, the result of the decompOSItIon of pynte, on the Surprise gold claim north An uncommon mineral in gold-quartz veins, near-surface hy east of Morristown. drothermal deposits, and contact-metamorphic zones. . Pinal County-Two and one half miles east of Winkelman as Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, in small quantity, t~ny crystals,. l~ning small vugs in a quartz vein; in small quan Montgomery mine; as bladed crystals, in quartz associated with tIty from OXIdIzed ore at the Mammoth mine. pyrite near Bradshaw City, and from near Minnehaha. Y~vapai .~ounty-United Verde mine, deposited under sol Yuma County-Reported from near Vicksburg, but the exact fatanc condItIons caused by. burning of a portion of the pyritic locality is not known. ore body. At the same localIty a variety containing arsenic and sele:r:ium (jeromite), occurs as an amorphous black globular DOMEYKITE coatmg on rock fragments below iron hoods placed over vents CU3As. Tin-white to steel-gray, readily tarnished. Luster metallic, but dull on ex in the burning ore body. posure. Opaque. H. = 3-3.5. G. = 7.2-7.9. Isometric. Reniform and botryoidal; also massive or disseminated. DIAMOND A rare mineral. Cochise County-Specimens of this mineral were received t c. Colorless, white, or black, also pale shades of other colors. Luster adamantine o greasy. Tran.sparent to opaque. H. = lO. G. = 3.5-3.53. Isometric, hextetrahedral many years ago at the University of Arizona, but the exact Predommantly m octahedral crystals or fragments with perfect octahedral cleavage: locality from which they were obtained or other data regarding Meteoric diamond-In 1891 a 40-pound meteoric mass from the them is unknown. Ca~y.on Diablo ~rea,.CoconinoC:ounty, was found to contain small caVItIes. filled Wlt~ tmy bl:;tck dIamonds. Subsequently, small dia DYSCRASITE monds Imbedded m graphIte have been found in other fragments Ag3Sb. Color and streak silver-white, usually tarnished to lead-gray, yellowish or from the same meteoric fall. blackish. Luster metallic. Opaque. H. = 3.5-4. Sectile. G. = 9.69-10.01. Orthorhombic, pyramidal. Crystals rare. Good basal cleavage. Commonly massive, foliated or granu lar. GRAPHITE A primary mineral generally with other silver minerals, ga C, Iron-black to <:lark steel-gray. Luster metallic to dull and earthy. Transparent only m extreplely thm f1",kes. S~reak dark gray, shining. H. = 1-2. G. = 2.09-2.23. lena, and barite. Extremely rare in the United States. Reported Hexagonal,. dI~exag(:mal-dIl?yramIdal. Crystals six-sided and tabular. Perfect basal in Arizona with ores of silver and lead, but no exact localities cleavage YIeldmg thm, fleXIble plates. C0!'1mo"!ly in mas~es which are scaly or slaty, granular, compact; or earthy. Also as dIssemmated grams or scales. are given. In gneiss, schist, quartzite, or crystalline limestone, probably as the result of metamorphism; in granite and basic eruptive ARGENTITE rocks, perhaps as an original constituent. Ag,S. Color and streak dark lead-gray, streak shining. Luster metallic. Opaque. Cochise County-Dos Cabezas Mountains, as thin veins or H. = 2-2.5. Completely sectile and malleable with hackly fracture. G. = 7.2-7.4. Isometric, hexoctahedral. Crystals octahedral or cubic in parallel or reticulated strea~s in gold-quartz veins. Also from near Bowie. Graphitic groups. More commonly as disseminated grains or small masses. Inverts at ordinary clay IS reported in large quantities near Benson. temperatures to acanthite. Coconino County-As small nodules in the Canyon Diablo and A primary mineral of lead-silver ores, commonly with other Elden meteorites. silver minerals, galena, tetrahedrite, and cobalt-nickel ores. Also Mohave County-Cerbat Range, disseminated in pre-Cam a secondary mineral of the zone of sulfide enrichment with chal brian schist of Canyon Station Wash. cocite and native silver. MINERALS OF ARIZONA 11 10 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA CHALCOCITE-Copper Glance Cochise County-Tombstone, in oxidized ores from alteration of argentiferous tetrahedrite. Pearce, withcerargyrite, bromyrite, CU2S. Color and streak blackish lead-gray, commonly tarnished. bla!'k. L~ster embolite, and iodyrite, Commonwealth mines. metallic. Opaque. H. = 2.5-3. Nearly sectHe. G. = 5.5-5.8. OrthorhombIc, dIpyramIdal. Gila County-Richmond Basin, the chief primary mineral, in Crystals rare. Generally massive, with granular, compact, or sooty texture. masses up to several pounds in weight. A valuable copper mineral of wide distribution. Rare as a Graham County-Al'avaipa district, in veins of the Grand primary mineral, most abundant as a replacement of other s1.;1l Reef system. fides in the zone of secondary enrichment. Many copper depo~lts Mohave County-Cerbat Range, Keystone, Golden St~r, and of the state owe much of their value to secondary chalcOCIte. Queen Bee mines, Mineral Park district; Prince George mme and Cochise County-Bisbee district, most important in dissemi veins of the Banner group, Stockton Hill district; various proper nated ore, locally abundant as a secondary ~i~eral in .limestone ties in the Cerbat district. replacement deposits. Courtland-Gleeson dIstnct, an Important Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, Blue Jay mine, Helvetia constituent of the enriched ores. district. Sierrita Mountains, Sunshine mine, Papago district. Qui Coconino County-Grand Canyon, in small high-grade bodies jotoa Mountains, Morgan mine. at several places. Pinal County-Superior district, Silver King mine, in large Gila County-Globe district, Old Dominion mine, as compact quantity on the upper levels; Belmont property as small blebs in massive bodies. Miami district, the essential mineral of the dis galena. Dripping Spring Mountains, Little Treasure mine, Saddle seminated sulfide deposits. Reported to occur i~ the 79 Mine. Mountain district. Gmham County-Aravaipa district, Ten Stnke group. Santa Cruz County-Santa Rita Mountains, the Alto, Eureka, Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, the principal ore Ivanhoe, Montezuma, and Empress of India mines. Tyndall dis mineral of the disseminated and vein deposits, in places as solid trict; Augusta, Happy Jack, and Anaconda mines, Wrightson dis seams 2 to 3 feet thick. trict. Patagonia Mountains, La Plata and Meadow Valley mines, Maricopa County-Cave Creek, Red Rover mine, with argen Redrock district; January, Blue Eagle, Flux, and American mines, tiferous tetrahedrite. Harshaw district. Mohave County-Grand Wash Cliffs, Grand Gulch, Bronze L, Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Dos Oris mine, Has and Copper King mines. . sayampa district, with native silver and cerargyrite; Arizona Na Pima County-Ajo, disseminated in a na~ro~ band bor?enng tional, Big Bug district, in galena with freibergiteand in cavities the New Cornelia ore body on the south. Slernta Mountams, as with wire silver. Wickenburg Mountains, Monte Cristo mine, in large nearly pure masses, Glance and ~uee~ min~s, Twin ~utte~. primary ore with native silver, niccolite, chloanthite, and prous Silver Bell Mountains, as the sooty vanety m vems and dIssemI tite. nated ores, Silver Bell district. Pinal County-Superior district, as large, nearly pure second DIGENITE ary bodies in the Magma mine, and an important constituent of the primary ores on the lower levels. At the Belmont as fine CUo-xs. Blue to black. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak dark gray. H. = 2.5-3. G. = 5.546. Isometric. Usually massive, rarely as octahedral crystals. grained sooty material. With native silver in the upper levels .of the Silver King mine. At Ray and at San Manuel, the essentIal It has recently been determined that the so-called "blue chal mineral of the disseminated ores. Galiuro Mountains, at several cocite" or "isometric chalcocite," not uncommonly observed as microscopic intergrowths with chalcocite in copper ores, is this properties, and at the Childs-Aldwinkle primary chalcocite oc mineral. curs on the lower levels. Santa Cruz County-Santa Rita Mountains, in rather large Pinal County-Superior district, forming a part of all chalco bodies, Ivanhoe mine, Tynd~ll district.. . cite-bornite intergrowths on and below the 3,400-foot level, Mag Yavapai County-In oxidIzed ores ~f the Umted V:erde m.me, ma mine. and in pure massive bodies of exc~ptIonally lar~e SIze, ymte? Yavapai County-United Verde mine, in the fire zone as dis Verde Extension mine. Eureka distnct, Bagdad mme. As dIssemI tinct crystals. nated mineralization in the Copper Creek district. HESSITE STROMEYERITE Ag"Te. Lead-gray to steel-gray. Luster metallic. Opaque.. H. =. 2-3. Somewh~t AgCuS. Color and streak dark steel-gray. Luster metal~ic. Opaque. H. = 2.5-3. sectHe. G. = 8.24-8.45. Monoclinic at normal temperature, Isometr!c above 149.5 . G. 6.2-6.3. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Commonly maSSIve. Cleavage indistinct. Massive, compact, or as small disseminated grams. = ~n One of the commonest tellurides, but abundant in only a few An uncommon secondary mineral of the zone of sulfide districts in the United States. richment. Formed in the same manner as secondary chalCOCIte, with which it is associated. In places with native silver. Cochise County-Tombstone, West Side mine, as bands and disseminations in quartz with cerargyrite and gold. Flora Morri Cochise County-Tombstone, probably an important source of son mine, altering to native silver. silver, Empire and Toughnut mines. 13 12 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA Gila County-Globe district, Old Dominion mine; Richmond GALENA Basin, Mack Morris mine. .. PbS. Color and streak pure lead-gray. Luster metallic. Opaque. H. = 2.5-2.75. Pima County-Cerro Colorado, Cerro Colorado mme, wIth tet- G. = 7.58. Isometric, hexoctahedral. Commonly in cubes or cuba-octahedrons, less rahedrite and native silver. commonly in octahedral crystals. Perfect cubic cleavage. In cleavable and granular Pinal County-Superior district, Silver King mine, the most masses. important silver. mine~al of the o~es; .sparingly at Magma mine. A widely distributed primary mineral with copper, zinc, and Galiuro Mountams, wIth tennantIte m the lower levels of the silver sulfides, barite, and fluorite. The important ore of lead, Blue Bird mine. but may contain appreciable quantities of silver. Galena has been reported from several hundred properties BORNITE in the state, only the more important of which are listed. Cochise County-Bisbee district, Campbell mine, from .wh~ch Cu;;FeS•. Pinchbeck-brown on fresh fracture. Tarnishes rapidly to iridescent pea considerable quantities are now being mined. Tombstone dlstrrct, cock colors. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak grayish black. H. = 3. G. = 5.06-5.08. Isometric, hexoctohedral. Commonly massive, with finely granular to compact in ores of both the "roll deposits" and the fissure veins. Ext~n structure. sively replaced by cerussite, to a smaller extent by anglesI~e. An important copper are in many mines of the state. Almost Dragoon Mountains, Turquoise district, as scattered bunches m invariably associated with either chalcopyrite or chalcocite, gen the copper sulfide ores. erally with both. Predominantly primary, but small amounts of Gila County-Dripping Spring Mountains, "79" mine, Banner secondary bornite are common in enriched ores. Also in contact district. metamorphic deposits. Graham County-Aravaipa district, Head Center, Iron Gap, Cochise County-Courtland-Gleeson district, Leadville, Great and Grand Central mines. Western, Copper Belle, and Tejon mines. Little Dragoon Moun Maricopa County-A specimen from nea~ Wickenburg, exact tains, Johnson district. Bisbee district, important in the Campbell locality unknown, contains 4 per cent thallIum. and other are bodies. Mohave County-Cerbat Range and Grand Wash Cliffs, com Coconino County-Grand Canyon, as high-grade bodies of bor mon in ores of many properties. McCracken Peak, McCracken nite, chalcocite, and cuprite at several places. mine. Gila County-Globe district, common in primary are, Old Do Pima County-Sierrita Mountains, San Xavier ~nd T:.vin minion mine; also secondary and forming a distinct blanket be Buttes districts; the main ore mineral of the Sunshme mme, neath the chalcocite zone. Papago district. Santa Rita Mountains, .abun~ant at se~eral pro Mohave County-Grand Wash Cliffs, Bronze L mine. Atlanta perties. Quijotoa Mountains, .Morg~n mme, WIth. argentIte. Ce:ro and Pinkham mines, Chloride district. Colorado Cerro Colorado mme, WIth tetrahednte, stromeyerrte, Pima County-Ajo, concentrated around pegmatitic bodies in and nati.zre silver. Empire Mountains, Chief, Prince, and other the Cornelia quartz monzonite. Tucson Mountains, disseminated properties of the Hilton group...... in prophyry, Arizona Tucson property. Silver Bell Mountains, in Pinal County-Superior distrrct, SlIver Kmg mme; m faIrly oxidized are, Silver Bell district. Santa Catalina Mountains, in large bodies in th~ Belmont m~ne; and i~ th;e sphaleri~e are of the contact ores, Stratton-Daily camp. Magma mine. GalIuro Mountams, the prmclpal are mme-ral of the Pinal County-Superior district, as exceedingly rich ore found Blue Bird mine. Mammoth mine, in the sulfide ZJOne and altered to the deepest levels of the Magma mine. Galiuro Mountains, to cerussite and anglesite in the oxide zone. Galiuro Mountains, Copper Creek district, Childs-Aldwinkle mine. Dripping Spring Saddle Mountain district, Adjust mine, containin~ silver, and at Mountains, Adjust mine, Saddle Mountain district. Sparsely scat the Saddle Mountain and Little Treasure propertIes. tered in the San Manuel copper deposit. Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, abundant in nearly Santa Cruz County-In small quantities at several properties all districts. Mowry mine, yielded as high as 3,800 ounces of silver of the Patagonia and Santa Rita mountains. per ton. Flux mine, as excellent specimens of cubo-oc~ahedral Yavapai County-Black Hills, Yeager mine, as an extensive crystals. Santa Rita Mountains! at ~ost of the ,PropertIes. Oro shoot of high-grade are. Blanco Mountains Montana mme, WIth sphalerrte. Yuma County-Buckskin Mountains, Planet mine. Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, at several properties in the Walker, Hassayampa, Big Bug, Tu~ke~ CrE;ek, Peck, Pine RICKARDITE Grove, Tiger, Tip Top, and Castle Creek dlstrrcts, m many places with tetrahedrite. Golden Turkey mine, as cuba-octahedral crys Cu.Te". Purple-red, dulling upon exposure. Luster metallic. Opaque. H. = 3.5. tals with highly splenden~ faces. Blac~ Hi~ls, .Shea proper~y, G. = 7.54. As disseminated grains accompanying copper sulfides. Verde district; Shylock mme, Black HIlls dlstrrct. Eureka dIS- A rare mineral found in only a few copper deposits. trict, Bagdad mine.. .. Cochise County-Bisbee district, as small purple fragrnents in Yuma County-Trigo Mountams, Black Rock, Chlorrde, SlIver a sample of sulfide pulp from the 1,400-foot level of the Junction King, and Silver Glance properties. The h!ghly arg~ntiferous mine. galena at the Red Cloud mine probably contams argentIte. Castle T -: ,! 14 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 15 Mou:ntflins, Flora Temple, Senora, Little Dome, Hull, Lin METACINNABAR properties. Harquahala Mountains, Bonanza HgS Grayish black. Luster metallic. Opaque. Black streak. H. = 3..G. = 7.65. Isometrlc-hextetrahedral. Rarely in small crystals, more commonly maSSIve. ALABANDITE An uncommon mineral of secondary origin in the upper por tions of cinnabar deposits. exposure. Luster submetallic. Opaque. '~~'s~~t,:,ai~~~~~~shexoctahedral. Perfect cubic cleavage. Yuma County-Dome Rock Mountains, as a thin coating on cinnabar, Colonial property. . primary mineral, associated with sulfides of Other occurrences of black material on cinnabar may be thIs zinc, lead, and silver, and with rhodochrosite. mineral. County-Tombstone, Lucky Cuss mine. Bisbee dis Higgins mine. Chiricahua Mountains, Trench mine. CHALCOPYRITE Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Trench mine. CuFeS2. Brass-yellow. commonly with a dull or iridescent tarnish. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak greenish black. H. = 3.5-4. 9. = 4.~-4.3. Tetragonal, scalenohedral. Crystals of tetrahedral habit. Compact masslVe. renIform or botrYOIdal. SPHALERITE-Zinc Blende The most important are mineral of copp~r. In appr~ciable ZnS. Mostly yellow, brown, or black; also red, green, or white. Luster resinous quantity in nearly all copper sulfide are deposIts..Predom~nantly to adamantine. Transparent to translucent. Streak lighter than the mineral. H. = 3,.5-4. G. = 3.9-4.1. Isometric, hextetrahedral. Crystals tetrahedrons or distorted and of primary orig~n in v~i~s and re~lacement bodIes, ~s dIssemI rounded forms of the dodecahedron and tristetrahedron. Perfect dodecahedral cleavage. Most commonly cleavable or granular massive. nated particles m gramtIc and schIstose rocks, and m zones of contact metamorphism. . The most common sulfide with the exception of pyrite, and a Chalcopyrite is so widely dis.tributed throug? the are .deposlts constituent of most sulfide ores. Closely associated with galena. of Arizona that only the more Important localItIes are lIsted. Only the more important localities are listed, Cochise County-Bisbee district, important in primary ores, in Cochise County-Bisbee district, Campbell mines, from which places as large massive ~od~es. Tombstone, the most.", a~undant considerable quantities are now being mined at Tombstone, Silver copper mineral of the dlst.r~ct. Csmithsonite and hemimorphite in the Mountains, with garnet and epIdote contact dep<;JsIts near oxidized zone. Marble Peak. Ajo, as scattered grams m the CornelIa quartz Santa Cruz County-Common in copper and silver ores of the monzonite. . Pinal County-Superior district, ~a~ma.and Belmont .mmes. Patagonia and Santa Rita mountains. As magnificent crystal dlstn~t, al~ groups at the Westinghouse property, Duquesne, where a single Galiuro Mountains, Copper Creek l;n propertIes but crystal measured nearly 1! inches in diameter. Oro Blanco Moun especially the Childs-Aldwinkle. Ray dlstnct, m protore. San tains, with galena, Montana mine. Manuel area, in protore. Mountain~, Yavapai County-In pyritic ore, United Verde mine; and Cop Santa Cruz County-Santa Rita the most.abundant per Chief mine, Verde district. Bradshaw Mountains, most of the are mineral in most of the districts. Patagoma Mountams, Santo districts. Davis mine, Hassayampa district, as an unusual golden Nino mine, with large bodies of massive molJ:bdenite. .. yellow variety. Yavapai County-The main are mineral m the pyntIc are body of the United Verde mine, and abundant at the Copper t"' I 16 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 17 C~ief and Shea properties. Bradshaw Mountains, chiefly in the PENTLANDITE BIg Bug, Agua Fria, Black Canyon, and Pine Grove districts. Eureka district, Bagdad mine. (Fe,Ni). S8. Light bronze-yellow. Luster metallic..Opaque. Streak light bJ;onze Yuma County-Buckskin Mountains, Planet mine. Harquahala brown. Nonmagnetic. H. = 3.5-4. G. = 4.6-5. IsometrIc, hexoctahedral. MaSSive or Mountains, Golden Eagle mine. granular. The most important ore mineral of nickel. Generally with WURTZITE pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite in basic igneous rocks. Mohave County-Near Littlefield, in basic dikes with pyrrho ZnS. Brownish black. Luster resinous. Transparent to translucent. Streak brown. tite and chalcopyrite. H. = 3.5-4. G. = 3.98. Hexagonal, dihexagonal pyramidal. Crystals hemimorphic pyramidal, short prismatic or tabular. Also fibrous to columnar or as banded crusts. CUBANITE----'Chalmersite A rare and unstable form of zinc sulfide, commonly inter grown with sphalerite, to which it reverts upon cooling. CuFe2S3. Brass-yellow to bronze-yellow, like chalcopyrite.. L\¥iter n:retallic. Pinal County-Mammoth mine, where it is reported to occur Opaque. Strongly magnetic. H. = 3.5. G. = 4.03-4.18. 9rthorhomblc, dlpyramldal. In below the 900-foot level. thin elongated prisms, vertically striated. Also maSSIve. Most commonly as an intergrowth with chalcopyrite, distin- GREENOCKITE guishable only by microscopic meth?ds. . CdS. Various shades of yellow and orange. Luster adamantine to resinous Many, if not all, of the chalcopyrIte occurrences In the state Fracture conchoidal. J?rittle. !3treaJs orange-yellow to brick red. H. = 3-3.5. G. = 4.9: Usually as earthy coatmg on zmc mmerals. contain cubanite. Cochise County-Reported as an earthy yellow coating on sphalerite in Bisbee area. COVELLITE CuS. Dark indigo-blue, often iridescent, turns purple when .w.et. Luster sub metallic to resinous or dull. Opaque. Streak lead-gray to black, shmmg. H ..= 1.5-2.5. PYRRHOrrITE G. = 4.6-4.76. Hexagonal, dihexagonal dipyramidal. Crystals. generally thm plates. Perfect basal cleavage. Commonly cleavable, granular maSSIve, or as crusts. Fel-xS. Bronze-y.ellow to pinchbeck-brown, readily tarnished. Luster metallic. qpaque.. Streak graYIsh bl.ac)<:. H. = 3.5-4.5.. G. = 4.58-4.65. Hexagonal, dihexagonal A secondary mineral, in many places associated with ,chalco dIpyramIdal. May show dIstmct basal partmg. Somewhat magnetic Commonly in granular masses or disseminated grains. . cite but less abundant. Also as a primary mineral with other sulfides. Probably present in small quantities in all oxidized cop .A:bundant in certain basic igneous rocks, sparingly in some per deposits of Arizona. cop~er sulfi.de ore bodies, particularly those of metamorphic Cochise County-At Tombstone, lining boxwork structures OrIgIn, and In some gold ores. Generally associated with pyrite formed by removal of primary minerals, and easily mistaken for chalcopyrite, or magnetite. May contain nickel, due to small en~ closed grains of pentlandite. sooty chalcocite.. . Gila County-Payson area, In small amounts replaCIng chal . Maricopa County-White Picacho district, scattered in pegma copyrite and bornite. Dripping Spring Mountains, Christmas tItes, especially in the coarse-grained interiors. mine, Banner district, with secondary chalcocite. "79" Mine, Mohave County-Near Littlefield, in basic dikes with chal n:inor amounts associated with oxidation products of galena. copyrite and pentlandite. At the Copper World mine, near Yucca, Graham County-As films and blebs in enriched ore, Aravaipa with sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and loellingite. district. Navajo County-As the iron rich variety (troilite) in the Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, Ryerson and Mon stones of the Holbrook meteorite. tezuma mines. . P~ma County-Santa Rita Mountains, with pyrite, Helvetia Mohave County-Common as an accessory mineral in the d~strI~t; as bleb~ in ~phalerite, B?-sterville mine, Cuprite district. Wallapai district. . SIerrIta MountaIns, In chalcopyrIte ores of Twin Buttes. Pinal County-Superior dIstrIct, sparIngly dIstnbuted In the Yavapai County-With gold ores of the Bradshaw Mountains. Magma. mine. Mammoth m~ne, replacing ~halc?py:rite. Sierrita In pegmatites of the White Picacho district. Mountains, La Coronado mIne, MIneral HIll dIstrICt. Reported from the San Manuel mine. NICCOLITE Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, as films on other sulfides at several properties. NiAs. Pale copper-red. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak pale brownish black. H. = 5-5.5. G. = 7.784. Hexagonal, dihexagonal dipyramidal. Generally massive' aloo reniform, columnar, reticulated, arborescent. ' ~ CINNABAR unco~monmineral.o~ ..An primary origin, found in large quan HgS. Scarlet, dark red, reddish brown. Luster adamantine to dull or !!arthy. tItIes only In a few localItIes. Generally associated with cobalt Transparent to opaque. Streak scarlet. H. = 2-2.5. G. = 8.09. Hexagonal, trIgonal trapezohedral. Perfect prismatic cleav:age. As finely granular or cleavable masses and silver-arsenic minerals and with primary native silver. crystalline incrustations, or earthy coatmgs. Yavapai County-With chloanthite and native silver Monte Cristo mine. ' The ore mineral of mercury. Of near-surface origin as veins, replacement deposits, or impregnations. •i 18 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 19 Gila County-Dripping Spring Mountains, Cowboy mine. Mohave County-Cerbat Range, with galena, sphalerite, and Maricopa and Gila Counties-Mazatal Mountains, mainly on pyrite, Golden Gem and Vanderbilt mines, Cerbat district. Slate, Alder, and Sycamore creeks. Phoenix Mountains, the Rico, Mercury, and Eureka groups of claims. Pima County-Twin Buttes district, from the old Whitcomb Mohave County-Northern Black Mountains (River Range), property, near the Olivette mine. the Fry mine, Gold Basin district. Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Dura mine, No Pima County-Roskruge Range, Roadside mine. Cerro Colo gales district. rado, west of Cerro Colorado mine. Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Sevent~·-six.andother Pinal County-Mickey Welch claims, south of Casa Grande. veins of the Tip Top district; near the TuscumbIa mme, Brad Yavapai County-Copper Basin district, Mercury, Cinnabar shaw district, Malley Hill mine on Lynx Creek; Turkey Creek Queen, Zero Hour, and Shylock properties. White Picacho dis district; Robinson property, Walker district. trict, Westerdahl claims. Yuma County-Dome Rock Mountains, ~ miles so~t.hwe.st of Yuma County-Dome Rock Mountains, French, American, and Quartzsite, as radiating blades with cervantIte and strbicomte. Colonial properties, 8 miles southwest of Quartzsite. BISMUTHINITE REALGAR Bi"S3. Lead-gray to tin-white with yellow or ir:idescent tarnish. Luster metall~c. AsS. Aurora-red to orange-yellow. Luster resinous to greasy. Transparent to Opaque Streak lead-gray. H. = 2. Somewhat secUle. G. = 6.75-6.<11. OrthorhombIc, translucent. Streak orange-red to aurora-red. H. = 1.5-2. SectHe. G. = 3.58. Mono dipyramidal. In acicular crystals. Massive, foliated, or fibrous. clinic. Crystals short prismatic, striated vertically. Also coarse or fine granular, compact, or as an incrustation. A rare mineral, mostly in primary deposits related to igneous Most commonly a minor associate of other arsenic minerals rocks. Also found in the secondary sulfide zone. and stibnite, also as a volcanic sublimate, or as a deposit from Mohave County-Aquarius Range, small quantities with ga hos springs. dolinite and native bismuth in pegmatite. Pinal County-In 1915 several pounds of regular and orpi Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, ~wa~low min.e, Castle ment were discovered at an undefined locality near the junction Creek district, altering to bismite. Eureka dIstnct. 45 nules west of the Gila River and Hackberry Wash. of Prescott, in pegmatite. Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, as specimen material from the vicinity of Castle Hot Springs. PYRITE FeS2. Bright brass-yellow. Luster metallic. Opaq~e. Streak blac~. H. = 6-6.5. ORPIMENT G. = 5.018. Isometric, diploidal. Crystals cubic or pyntohedral. Also 111 granluar to compact masses and disseminated grains. As"S". Lemon-yellow to brownish yellow. Luster pearly to resinous. Subtrans parent to sUbstranslucent. Streak paler than the color. H. = 1.5-2. SectHe. G. = 3.49. The commonest sulfide mineral. May be accompanied by gold Monoclinic. Highly perfect prismatic cleavage. In foliated or columnar masses, also ~hese m~tals. granular. and copper and constitutes an important ore of. Abundant in most sulfide ores; only a few localIties are lIsted. Of secondary origin resulting from alteration of other arsenic Cochise County-Bisbee district, in large massive bodies. ~inerals. Most commonly associated with realgar but is rarer in ItS occurrence. Gila County-As a massive body in the "79" Mine. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, as large crystals, Pinal County-In 1915 several pounds of orpiment and realgar Hudson and Fairplay veins. were discovered in an undefined locality near the junction of the Gila River and Hackberry Wash. Pima County-Tucson Mountains, Arizona Tucson mine, as crystals from l/S to % inch in diameter with remarkably abundant STIBNITE crystal faces. Pinal County-Superior district, as large crystals, Belmont Sb"S". Color and streak lead-gray to steel-gray. Luster metallic, splendent. mines; Magma mine, as large bodies too low in. copper to be Opaque. H. = 2. G. = 4.61-4.65. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Perfect brachypinacoidal, imperfect basal, and prismatic cleavages. Crystals prismatic, striated or granular mined. Ray district, Iron Cap mine, as perfect pyntol:edral crys structure. tals up to 1 inch in diameter i:t;t soft clay: gangu~. Galmro Moun tains as excellent crystals, Childs-Aldwmkle mme. Most important ore of antimony. A primary mineral, formed S~nta Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, as striated and at shallow depth. Generally in quartz veins with silver and lead twinned crystals and crystal aggregates up to 8 inches in d~a minerals, barite, calcite, realgar, or cinnabar. Readily alters to antimony oxide. meter, 3 R mine, and as large crystal groups near the molybdemte bodies of the Santo Nino mine. Gila County-Near Payson, small amounts in some copper Yavapai County-United Verde mine, one of the large pyritic ores. Reported in Mazatzal Mountains on Slate Creek. ore bodies of the world. Graham County-Stanley district_ in contact-metamorphic Yuma County-Dome Rock Mountains, Don Welsh prospect, ores, Cold Spring prospect. as crystals an inch or more in diameter. 20 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 21 COBALTITE The commonest arsenic mineral. Abundant in many gold CoAsS. Silver-white with pinkish cast. Luster metallic. Opaq1:le. Strea]<: grayish quartz veins and in some places the chief gold-bearing ore. Also black. H. = 5.5. G. = 6.33. Isometric, tetartohedral. Crystals CUbIC or pyntohedral. Perfect cubic cleavage. Granular to compact massive. with ores of tin and tungsten, sparingly in sulfide ores. Maricopa County-Sparingly in pegmatites of the White Pi An uncommon mineral generally found in small amounts in cacho district. metamorphic rocks, less commonly in veins, and associated with Mohave County-Cerbat Range, in some mines of the Chloride other cobalt and nickel minerals. and Mineral Park district, notably the Minnesota-Connor, Windy Apache County-White Mountains, as samples received by the Point, and Queen Bee. Arizona Bureau of Mines. The exact locality is not known. Yavapai County-Sparingly at the United Verde and Shea Maricopa County-Mazatzal Mountains, along the Apache properties, Verde district. Bradshaw Mountains, as crystals, Boggs Trail between Fish Creek and Roosevelt Dam. mine, Big Bug district, and as massive material at several other Pima County-Comobabi Mountains, from a single unspeci properties. Eureka district, in a vein with bismuthinite, near Hill fied locality in the Cobabi district. side mine. Sparingly in pegmatites of the White Picacho district. Yavapai County-Black Hills, near the old Prudential claim, along the contact between Bradshaw granite and greenstone of MOLYBDENITE the Yavapai schist. Altered at surface to erythrite. MoS2. Lead-gray. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak greenish.. H. = .1-1.5. Some what sectile and greasy. G. = 4.62-4.73. Hexagonal, dihexagonal dIp:yraI!'Idal. .Crystals LOELLINGITE hexagonal in form and commonly tabular. Perfect basal cleavage, YIelqmg thm plates which are flexible but not elastic. In foliated or granular masses or m scales. FeAs2. Silver-white to steel-gray. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak grayish black. H. = 5-5.5. G. = 7.39-7.41. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. In prismatic crystals. More commonly massive. The only common mineral of molybdenum, and widely dis tributed. A deep-seated, primary mineral in granitic rocks or An uncommon mineral, generally accompanying iron and quartz veins, with chalcopyrite, or with tin and tungsten ores. copper sulfides as a minor constituent. Also as a result of contact metamorphism. Maricopa County-Disseminated in pegmatites throughout the Cochise County-Little Dragoon Mountains, in copper ores, White Picacho district. Johnson district. Mohave County-At the Copper World mine, near Yucca, with Gila County-Miami district, in small quantities through the sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite. copper ores, particularly at the Castle Dome mine. Analysis by Claude E. McLean as follows: Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, in veins with py Fe Co Ni As S Cu Zn rite,chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. 25.76 0.10 1.55 65.57 2.73 0.40 0.15 Maricopa County-Sparsely scattered through pegmatites of Pb AbO, Mgo CaO Total 0.05 2.02 0.14 0.11 99.88 the White Picacho district, locally abundant. Mohave County-Cerbat Range, O.K. mine, Gold Basin dis MARCASITE trict, with galena and wolframite; Samoa mine, Chloride district. Hualpai Mountains, Leviathan and American mines, Maynard dis FeS2. Pale bronze-yellow, deepening upon exposure; tin-white on fresh fracture. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak grayish or brownish black. H. = 6-6.5. G. = 4.887. trict; Deluge Wash area in small quantities at several properties. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Tabular or pyramidal, c;rystal groups common. Also Lead~ massive, radiating fibrous, stalactitic or globUlar. Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, Helvetia district, er, Ridley, and Pauline mines, and in many prospects in Madera Less common than pyrite and formed under near-surface con and Providencia canyons; Cuprite district, as small masses in ditions. Generally in replacement deposits or as concretions in chalcopyrite ore, Cuprite mine. Silver Bell district, at a small sedimentary rocks. prospect north of the Kurtz shaft. Baboquivari Mountains, Gold Coconino County-Near Cameron, as cyclic twinned inclusions Bullion mine, in quartz veins. Sierrita Mountains, Amargosa pro in amethystine quartz crystals in petrified wood. perty, within quartz veins in granodiorite. Also in the Mineral Mohave County-Black Mountains, as thin plates in quartz, Hill-Twin Buttes area. At Ajo in small amounts. Moss mine, Oatman district. Pinal County-Galiuro Mountains, Copper Creek district, the Pima COtLnty-Sierrita Mountains, as an alteration of pyrrho most important ore mineral at the Childs-Aldwinkle mine, and tite, Glance and Queen mines, Twin Buttes area; as thin coatings as fine crystalized specimens; in smaller .quantities at the Cop and veinlets, Mineral Hill and San Xavier districts. per Prince, Old Reliable, and other properties. (Rhenium, an Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, as small colloform element discovered in 1924 with properties similar to manganese, masses in partly oxidized ore, Iron Queen mine, Big Bug district. is known to occur in extractable quantities only in the mineral In pegmatites of the White Picacho district. molybdenite. The rhenium content of the Childs-Aldwinkle molybdenite concentrates, 320 to 580 parts per million, is the ARSENOPYRITE highest so far known.) FeAsS. Silver-white to steel-gray. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak grayish black. Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Santo Nino mine, H. = 5.5-6. G. = 5.92-6.22. Monoclinic, with orthorhom.bi~ symn:tetry.due to twinning. In diamond-shaped, prismatic or flattened crystals. DIstmct prIsmatIc cleavage. Also 2i miles southwest of Duquesne, as large bodies of fine-grained as columnar, granular, or compact masses. massive material, as disseminated grains in quartz monzonite, and T .' I i 22 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA . MINERALS OF ARIZONA 23 as good crystals in vein quartz with pyrite. Bonanza mine, Du A common primary mineral in the upper portions of silver quesne, where smaller quantities were mined; Benton and Line deposits with other silver minerals, galena, and tetrahedrite. Boy properties; and in a prospect 4 miles southwest of Duquesne, Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Golden Rose mine, with scheelite. Patagonia district. Yavapai County-Sierra Prieta Range, as extensive deposits at Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Tuscumbia mine, the Copper Hill, Loma Prieta, and other properties, Copper Basin. Bradshaw district. Bradshaw Mountains, Black Hawk, Blue Bird, and Squaw Peak mines. Eureka district, in thin veins, Bagdad mine. In pegmatites of the White Picacho district. PYRARGYRITE--Ruby Silver Ag3SbS3. Deep red. Luster adamantine to metallic. Somewhat translucent. Streak purplish red. H. = 2.5. G. = 5.85. Hexagonal, ditrigonal pyramidal. ~rystals pr!s SMALTITE--CHLOANTHITE matic, hemimorphic. Distinct primatic cleavage. Most commonly In small dIS seminated masses or grains. (Co,Ni) AS3-x to (Ni,Co) AS3-x. Tin-white to silver-gray, commonly tarinshed. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak grayish black. H. = 5.5-6. G. = 6.1-6.9. Isometric, A primary mineral of, the upper portions of silver sulfide de diploidal. Usually massive. Percentages of cobalt and nickel vary widely. posits, formed by late hydrothermal solutions. Commonly. asso Smaltite is the commonest cobalt mineral; the nickel member, ciated with other silver minerals, galena, and tetrahednte. chloanthite, is rarer. Generally in veins with other cobalt and Mohave County-Wallapai district. nickel minerals or with ores of silver and copper. Pinal County-Galiuro Mountains, Little Treasure mine, Sad Graham County-Santa Teresa Mountains, Blue Bird mine, 15 dle Mountain district. miles west of Ft. Thomas, as smaltite. Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Alta mine, Har Yavapai County-Wickenburg Mountains, as chloanthite with shaw district, with embolite and fluorite; Sonoita mine, Palmetto native silver, Monte Cristo mine. district. Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Tillie Starbuck mine, SULFOSALTS Hassayampa district. Polybasite Tetrahedrite Bournonite Dufrenoysite PROUSTITE--Ruby Silver Pearceite Tennantite Aikinite Cosalite Ag3AsS3. Scarlet-vermillion. Luster adamantine. Translucent. Streak vermillion. Stephanite Famatinite Diaphorite Miargyrite H. = 2-2.5. G. = 5.57. Hexagonal, ditrigonal pyramidal. Crystals often rhombohedral, Pyrargyrite Enargite Freieslebenite Jamesonite or scalenohedral. Distinct prismatic cleavage. As disseminated grains or compact Proustite masses. A primary mineral of the upper portions of silver sulfide de POLYBASITE posits,formed by late hydrothermal solutions and generally asso (Ag,Cu) loSb2S11. Iron-black, dark red in thin splinters. Luster metallic. Opaque. ciated with pyrargyrite. Streak black. H. = 2-3. G. = 6-6.2. Monoclinic. Crystals short, six-sided, tabular Cochise County-Pearce Hills, Commonwealth mine, with tet prisms with beveled edges and triangular striations on the basal pinacoid. Also mas sive. Isomorphous with pearceite. rahedrite. Mohave County-Cerbat Range, Minnesota-Connor and Mer A primary mineral of many silver veins, commonly in con rimac mines, Chloride district; Gold Star mine, Mineral Park siderable amount. Resembles stephanite, with which it is gen district; Paymaster mine, Cerbat district; in relatively large erally associated. quantities at the Cupel mine, Stockton Hill district. Mohave County-Cerbat Mountains,common in the silver ores Pinal County-Superior district, Belmont mine, as minute of various districts. blebs in galena. Pinal County-Superior district, as fine crystals from the Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Davis mine, Hassay upper levels of the Silver King mine. ampa district, with polybasite; w~th native silver and. ce~argyrite Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Davis mine, Hassay in a vein near the Thunderbolt mme, Black Canyon dIstrIct; Mor ampa district, with proustite. gan mine, Turkey Creek district; with native silver and cerargy rite, Tip Top mine, Tip Top district. Wicke~burg:ty1ountains, with PEARCEITE argentite in primary silver ores, Monte Cnsto mme. (Ag,Cu) loAs,Sll. Monoclinic. Other properties like polybasite, of which it is the arsenical variety. TETRAHEDRITE--TENNANTITE Similar in occurrence to polybasite but is less common. (Cu,Fe)12Sb,S'3 to '(Cu,Fe)12As,S13 and forming a continllous series. ~lint-gray to Mohave County-Cerbat Range, reported in small amount iron-black. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak from black. III tetrahedrlte to brown or cherry-red in tennantite. H. = 3-4.5. G. =4.6-5.1. IS0!I'etnc, hext~trahe~ral. Crystals from some of the high-grade silver ores. tetrahedral in habit. Also granular or compact maSSIve. AppreCIable slIver content not unusual. STEPHANITE Tetrahedrite and tennantite are seldom differentiated. They AgoSbS.. Color and streak iron-black. Luster metallic. Opaque. H. = 2-2.5. G. = occur as primary constituents of copper, lead, and silver ores, 6.22-6.28. Orthorhombic, pyramidal. Crystals short prismatic or tabular. Also com pact, massive, and disseminated. are commonly argentiferous and then become important ores of T 24 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 25 I silver. Freibergite is argentiferous tetrahedrite containing from BOURNONITE 3 to 30 per cent of silver. PbCuSbS3. Color and streak steel-gray, lead-gray, or iron-black. Luster metallic, I brilliant. Opaque. H. = 2.5-3. G. = 5.8-5.86. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Crystals Cochise County-Tombstone, particularly at the Toughnut, i commonly repeated twins, forming wheel-shaped forms. Imperfect brachypinacoidal Lucky Cuss, and Ingersol mines, but common in most ores of cleavage. In granular to compact masses. the district, and containing silver. Pearce Hills, Commonwealth One of the commoner sulfosalts of primary origin, generally in mine, with proustite. lead-silver deposits with galena, tetrahedrite, or stibnite. Gila County-Globe district, as crystals in cavities, Old Do Cochise County-Tombstone, sparingly with other copper minion mine. Richmond Basin, Helene vein, as silver-bearing antimony minerals. tennantite. Payson district, the main ore mineral of the Silver Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, Busterville mine, Cup Butte mine. rite district; Hosey and Augusta mines, Wrightson district, with Graham County-Aravaipa district, Grand Reef mine. tetrahedrite. Mohave County-Cerbat Range, a common constituent of the Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, as masses in quartz high-grade silver ores, commonly associated with proustite. and as crystals with pyrite, chalcopyrite, siderite and fibrous Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, Silver Spur mine, Hel actinolite, Boggs mine, Big Bug district. Analysis given by W. T. vetia district; Summit mine, Greaterville district; Busterville Schaller as follows: mine, Cuurite district. Sierrita Mountains, Helmet Peak mine, Pb Fe Zn Cu Sb As S Rem. Total San Xavi~r district. Cerro Colorado, Cerro Colorado mine, with 40.21 0.35 0.35 15.12 18.99 2.81 20.04 1.67 99.54 stromeyerite and native silver. Pinal County-Superior district, Silver King mine. Assays AIKINITE, showed up to 3,000 ounces of silver per ton; much of the value PbCuBiS3. Blackish lead-gray. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak grayish-black was probably due to undetected stromeyerite. Abundant as in H. = 2-2.5. G. = 7.06-7.08. Orthorhombic. In acicular crystals. Also massive. the Magma mine below the gOO-foot level. Galiuro Mountains, A rare mineral found at few localities in the world. Blue Bird and Childs-AIdwinkle mines, Copper Creek district, Cochise County-In the Black Prince claims, as blebs between with stromeyerite. garnet crystals in a replaced limestone; also in veinlets. Santa Cruz County-Santa Rita and Patagonia mountains, at Pima County-Roskruge Range, in small quantities, Roadside several localities. As fine crystals, American Boy mine, Wright mine. son district. Yavapai County-Wickenburg Mountains, with enargite, nic DIAPHORITE colite, and native silver, Monte Cristo mine. Black Hills, United Pb2Ag3Sb3S8. Steel-gray. Luster metallic. Opaque. H. = 2.5-3. G. = 6.04. Orthor Verde, Shea, Yaeger, and Shylock mines. Bradshaw Mountains, at hombic, dipyramidal. Crystals prismatic, often striated. several properties of the Walker, Hassayampa, Agua Fria, and Reported under the name brongniardite, as occurring with other districts. other argentiferous ores. No specific localities were given. FAMATINITE FREIESLEBENITE Pb3Ag5Sb,S12. Color and streak light steel-gray to dark lead-gray. Luster metallic. CU3SbS.. Gray with tinge of copper-red. Opaque. H. = 3.5. G. = 4.47-4.57. As Opaque. H. = 2-2.5. G. = 6.04-6.23. Monoclinic. Crystals prismatic. In granular crusts of minute crystals, or as granular to dense masses. masses or disseminated grains. Famatinite is of rarer occurrence than enargite, with which it A rare mineral occurring with other silver ores and reported generally occurs. from only a few American localities. Cochise Cotmty-Tombstone, in small amount, Ingersol and Yuma County-Castle Dome Mountains, where a small amount Toughnut mines. was mined. ENARGITE MIARGYRITE AgSbS2. Iron black to steel gray. Luster metallic, adamantine. Streak cherry-red. CU3AsSf. Grayish black to iron-black. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak grayish Nearly opaque in thin splinters, translucent and deep red in color. H. = 2.5. G. = 5.25 black. H. = 3. G. = 4.4-4.5. Orthorhombic, pyramidal. Crystal prismatic and vertic ± 0.05. Cleavage (010) imperfect. Occurs as thick tabular crystals, also massive. ally striated or tabular. Perfect prismatic, distinct pinacoidal cleavage. Commonly massive, granular or columnar. Mohave County-Wallapai district, as a primary mineral. Of uncommon occurrence, but in a few localities found in large amount as an important ore of copper. Of primary origin, DUFRENOYSITE with other copper sulfides. Pb2As2S5. Lead-gray to steel-gray. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak reddish brown. H. = 3. G. =5.5-5.56. Monoclinic. Crystals highly modified. Perfect clinopina Pinal County-Superior district, the most important ore of coidal cleavage. Also massive. copper on the lowest levels of the Magma mine. Galiuro Moun tains, sparingly with tennantite, Childs-Aldwinkle mine. A rare species, known from only a few localities. Yavapai County-Wickenburg Mountains, with tennantite, Mohave County-Reported from the Mineral Park district, niccolite, and native silver, Monte Cristo mine. but the exact locality is not known. 1 .' I 26 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 27 COSALITE Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, at Rosemont, as crystal aggregates lining cavities. Silver Bell Mountains, as chalcotrichite Pb2BhSo. Lead-gray to steel-gray. Luster met,!llic. Opaque. Streak black. and cubic crystals in small fractures. Tucson Mountains, dis Fracture uneven. H. = 2.5-3. G. = 6.76. OrthorhombIc. seminated in porphyry over a considerable area on the Saginaw Gmham County-Aravaipa district, on the Landsman claim, and Arizona Tucson properties, Amole district. with calcite and diopside. Pinal County-Ray district, as sparkling ruby-red aggregates of chalcotrichite in one of the stopes worked from the old Ray JAMESONITE shaft. Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Westinghouse pro Pb,FeSbuS14. Color and streak gray-black; som~t!mes tarnished ~ridescent. Luster metallic. Opaque. H. =: 2.5. G. = 5.63. MonoclImc. Crystals aCIcular to fibrous. perty, Patagonia district. Oro Blanco Mountains, Montana mine, Fibrous to compact massIve. as fine bright crystals in vugs. An uncommon primary mineral in small quantities with other Yavapai County-Black Hills, locally abundant and accom sulfosalts, galena, stibnite, an~ tetrahedrite. Probably many oc panied by native copper at the United Verde Extension mine, currences credited to jamesomte are of some other lead sulfo commonly as beautiful druses of crystallized material and as salt in fibrous form. chacotrichite. White Picacho district, as a supergene mineral in Yavapai County-Reported from the Bradshaw Mountains some of the pegmatites. with native gold. TENORITE SIMPLE OXIDES CuO. Steel-gray to black. Luster metallic to earthy. Opaque. Streak black. H. = 3.5. G. = 5.8-6.4. Monoclinic. In minute black scales or paper-thin twinned crystal aggregates. Most common as black earthy material known as melaconite. Black, Cuprite Hematite Cryptomelane Bismite pitchy material from the Calumet and Arizona mine described as melanochalcite has Tenorite Ilmenite Cassiterite Vanoxite been shown to be a variable mixture of tenorite, chrysocolla. and malachite. Paramelaconite Claudetite Plattnerite Corvusite Common in most of the oxidized copper deposits of the state. Massicot Braunite Anatase Tungstite Generally associated with malachite, chrysocolla, cuprite, and Murdochite Rutile Brookite Navajoite limonite. Minium Pyrolusite Cervantite Doloresite Cochise County-Bisbee district, as earthy material mixed with Corundum Wad Stibiconite manganese oxide. In 1904 a botryoidal growth of tenorite and wad was being deposited on the walls of a large natural cavern CUPRITE in limestone in the Calumet and Arizona mine. Dragoon Moun tains, Maid of Sunshine, and other mines of the Courtland-Glee CU20. Generally dark red to ruby-red, less commonly other shades. Luster ada mantine to submetallic to earthy. Transparent to ?paque.. Streak some shade of red son district. or brownish red. H. = 3.5-4. G. = 6.14. Isometrrc, gyrOldal. Crystals octahe~ro.ns, cubes, and dodecahedrons. Slender capillary crystals are know as chalcotnchtte. Gila County-Globe district, sparingly in oxidized ore. Miami Commonly massive or compact, earthy. district Van Dyke mine, with chrysocolla. Also from the "79" mine. In many oxidized copper deposits of the state. Commonly Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, generally referred associated with malachite, tenorite, "limonite," and native copper. to as "copper pitch ore." Cochise County-Bisbee district, an important constituent .of Mohave County-With chrysocolla at the Emerald Isle mine, the ores. In the Copper Queen mine, mostly as ea~thy matenal Kingman. mixed with limonite also as crystals and chalcotnchlte. At the Calumet and Arizon~, as large crystalline masses associated with Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, Rosemont. d~uses cryst~ls, Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as coal-black nodules sur native copper, and in beautifl;ll of rl;lby-red mostly rounded by thin shells of chrysocolla. simple cubes. Tombstone dlstnct, as br.lght. r.ed CUbiC cry~t~ls Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Meadow Valley, with connellite brochantite, and malachIte lInmg small caVIties Sunnyside, and Blue Eagle mines. in the Toughn~t mines. Dragoon Mountain, Courtland-Gleeson district, as aggregates of octahedral crystals. Gila County-Globe district, as massive material and chalco PARAMELACO~ITE trichite at the Continental and Buffalo mines, and as large, dull Essentially CuO, with some cupric ions changed to cuprous. Black to purplish black. Luster adamantine. Opaque. Streak brownish black. H. = 4.5. G. = 6.04. octahedra at the Old Dominion mine. Mixed with limonite, it Tetragonal, ditetragonal dipyramidal. As stout prismatic crystals. probably made up much of the high-grade "br?w~ coppe~ o~e" of the Old Dominion and other mines of the dlstnct. Dnppmg An extremely rare mineral, only two specimens being known, Spring Mountains, "79" mine, Banner district. .. both from the locality given below. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, at the u~pe.r lImIt Cochise County-Bisbee district, Copper Queen mine, in a of the chalcocite zone as cubic crystals and as chalcotrlChite. matrix of goethite, and associated with cuprite, native copper, Maricopa County~White Picacho district, as a supergene min tenorite, malachite, and connellite in crystals of unusually large eral in some of the pegmatites. size. Forms present are (001), (101), and (100). ,.' 28 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 29 MASSICOT HEMATITE PbO. Sulfur-yellow to reddish. Luster greasy to dull. Transparent in very thin pieces. Streak lighter than color. H. = 2. G. = 9.56. Orthorhombic, dipyramidaJ. Fe,03. Red, reddish brown, black. Luster metallic, to dull or earthy. Opaque. Massive, earthy, or scaly. Streak bright red to reddish brown. H. = 5-6. G. =5.26. Hexagonal, scalenohedraJ. Crystals tabUlar, in parallel groups or rosettes. Granulilr, earthy. or compact mas sive' with botryoidal, stalactitic or lamellar struct~e. Red. ocher 1S soft and earthy, An uncommon mineral of secondary origin, formed from al speeularite is brilliant crystalline material, tU'l"glte contams absorbed water. teration of other lead minerals. Gila County-Payson district, Silver Butte mine, as an earthy One of the most abundant iron minerals, forming the chief ore yellow powder associated with anglesite and galena. of iron in beds and irregular masses resulting from weathering. Maricopa County-Bighorn Mountains, Tonopah-Belmont, with In smaller amounts commonly mixed with other iron compounds minimum; also at the Potter and Cramer group. in the earthy material known as "limonit~," which forms .the Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Flux mine, with gossan or capping of many sulfide ore~. ~lso m deep-seat~d vems; cerussite. widely distributed as an accessory m Igneous and sedImentary Yuma County-Trigo Mountains, Silver district, as earthy rocks; formed by contact metamorphisJ? .. powder associated with cerussite and smithsonite. Several Arizona deposits of hematIte are .potentIal Iron ore. Only a few characteristic occurences can be lIsted. MURDOCHITE Cochise County-As fine-grained, massive specularite near Willcox. . CUoPbOs. Black. Opaque. Streak black. H. = 4. G. = 6.47. Isometric. Usually Maricopa County-Pike's Peak area, northeast of Beardsley, as incrustations of tiny octahedral crystals. replacements in schist. . Cochise County-Higgins Mine, Bisbee. Navajo County-Sierra Ancha Mountams, Canyon Creek, as a Pinal County-Mammoth Mine, Tiger. large deposit of siliceous hematit~, estimated a~ 10,000,000 tons, ranging from soft pulverulent, brIght .red materIal to. hard, dark blue oxide. Near Globe, as red ocher m.a 2lf2-foot vem.. MINIUM Pinal County-Near Winkelman as Iredescent materIal. Pb,O{. Scarlet to brownish red, sometimes yellowish. Luster greasy or dUll. Yavapai County-On the McBride cl.aims, 17.miles south of Streak orange-yellow. H. =2.5. G. = 8.9-9.2. PUlverulent, massive, earthy, or as earth~ mat~n~l I~regular l~nses microscopic crystalline scales. Seligman, large deposits of from in limestone near the contact WIth dIOnte. PartIal analysIs as Secondary, chiefly derived by alteration of galena or cerussite. follows: Uncommon in large quantities. Fe CaO SiO, Maricopa County-Bighorn Mountains, Tonopah-Belmont with 61.0 4.5 2.0 massicot; also at the Potter and Kramer group. A high concentration of hematite and magnetite exists in Mohave County-Black Mountains, as pulverulent material in schist near Townsend Butte and the Howard Copper property. cavities in the Big Jim vein, Oatman district. Deposits are reported near Camp Wood. . Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Flux mine, with Yuma County-Buckskin Mountains, Pla:r~t mine, as extensI:re cerussite. replacement deposits with carbonate and SIlIcate copp~r ores m Yuma County-Castle Dome Mountains, Castle Dome district, limestone. Plomosa Mountains, southwest of Bouse. Tngo Moun with cerussite. tains, southeast of Ehrenberg. CORUNDUM ILMENITE AbO,. Blue, red, brown, gray to nearly white. Luster adamantine to vitreous. FeTiO:J. Iron-black. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak black. ~. = 5-6. G. = Transparent to translucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 9. G. = 4-4.1. Hexagonal, sca 4.68-4.76. Hexagonal, rhombohedral. Crystals tabular. Usually maSSIve, compact, or lenohedraJ. Crystals generally rough and rounded. Perfect basal and rhombohedral parting. Commonly massive. as imbedded grains. An accessory mineral in metamorphic rocks, such as granular A common accessory mineral in igneous rocks, especially gab limestone, gneiss, and schist; an original constituent of some bro and diorite. Less commonly as veins or large segregated igneous rocks; or in placers. Probably more widely distributed masses near borders of the igneous rock. in the igneous rocks of the state than the occurrences listed be Gila and Pinal counties-A minor constituent of the Pinal low would indicate. schist. Also as tabular pieces in quartz, near Castle Dome. Maricopa County-From the Papago Indian Reservation, Graham County-Galiuro Mountains, where large quantities northeast of Casa Grande. in disseminated form are reported from the northern end of the Mohave County-Grand Wash Cliffs, Red Lake district, as range. .... Yavapai County-Eureka distnct, WIth magnetIt~, as dIkes blue, red, and white material in a pegmatite dike with andalusite. low-g~ade Pinal County-Reported from south of Casa Grande, but the and irregular bodies in gabbro. A deposIt of large exact locality was not disclosed. size is reported not far from the Bagdad mme. Bradshaw Moun tains, in granite pegmatite near Cleator. r 30 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 31 CLAUDETITE Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, in black, sooty masses, mixed with iron oxides in metamorphosed limestone. AS20 3 • Colorless to white. H. = 2.5. G. = 4.15. Monoclinic. Luster vitreous. Transparent. In thin platy or elongated crystals. Maricopa County-Bighorn Mountains, Aguila district, with A secondary mineral, formed from the oxidation of other manganite or wad. arsenic compounds or as a sublimation product from mine fires. Mohave County-Rawhide Mountains, Artillery Peak, as large Yavapai County-United Verde mine, as silky crystals filling deposits, with wad. Also reported 4 miles south of Boulder Dam, a small cavity above the burning ore body. in veins. Little Chemehuevis Valley, in veins and shear zones, Arizona Manganese claims, with wad. Near Colorado River, 18 BRAUNITE miles north of Parker Dam. Pinal County-Superior district, in the outcrop of the Magma P<>:,sibly (Mn,Si)20j. Color and streak brownish black to steel-gray. Luster sub vein and in silver deposits. metalhc: Opaq.ue. H. = 6-6.5. Wea!<:ly magnetic. G. = 4.72-4.83. Tetragonal. ditetra go~al dipyramidal. Perfect pyramIdal cleavage. Crystals pyramidal and vertically Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Mowry mine, with strIated. Also granulated massive. wad. Also in the Hardshell, North Mowry, Hermosa, and Black Found as veins .and lenses resulting from metamorphism of Eagle mines. other manganese mmerals, and from pyrolusite wad and psilome Yavapai County-In the northern part of the Aguila district. lane as a secondary mineral formed by weath~ring: On Castle Creek, 23 miles northeast of Morristown. At the Bur .Cochise County-Bisbee district, as radiating masses of com meister property, 14 miles southeast of Mayer on the Agua 'Fria pact needles. River. Yuma County-Dobbins claims, 6 miles east of Bouse, and a RUTILE locality 2lf2 miles west of Bouse. Deposits are reported from sec tion 36, T. 10 N., R. 14 W. T TiO,. Req, reddish brown, black; other colors rare. Luster metallic, adamantine. ransparent m smal~ pIeces. Streak ~ale brown to yellowish. H. = 6-6.5. G. = 4.21-4.25 for pure TIO,. T~tragonal, ditetragonal dipyramidal. Crystals prismatic WAD Acolmmonly:so maSSIve.m complexly twmned groups. Distinct pinacoidal and prismatic cleavage. A mixture, whose chief constituent is a hydrous man!l'anese oxi?e. Black, blu~sh or brownish black. Luster dull. Opaque. Streak black, blUlsh, browmsh black, reddIsh Widespread in igneous rocks, gneiss, and mica schist. Less brown liver-brown. Usually very soft, soiling the hands, less often to H. = 6.5. commo.nly in ~ranular limestone or dolomite. May occur as an G. = 2.8-4.4. In earthy or compact masses; reniform, concretionary, incrusting. alteratIOn of mICa. Probably more abundant in the state than the The name is applied as a generic or field term, thus standing following brief list of localities would indicate. in much the same relation to the well-defined manganese oxides C?chise County-An accessory in granite northwest of Bisbee. that "limonite" has to the iron oxides and "bauxite" to the alumi Gtla and Pinal counties-An accessory in Madera diorite and num oxides. It is thus highly probable that most, if not all, of Pinal schist. the occurences of psilomelane previously reported from Arizona . Santa Cruz County-Pa~3:goniaMountains, as slender crystals belong under this classification, and here they have been placed. m outcrops of the Santo Nmo and Washington areas. Re-examination of the material would undoubtedly show several Yav?,pai County--:-Black Hills, as well-developed crystals at distinct species of manganese oxides to be present. the Umted Verde mme. Bradshaw Mountains with tourmaline Cochise County-Bisbee district, as bodies of considerable size. in. the gangue of the Howard Copper property, Black Canyon dis Tombstone district, in veins and replacements, and containing trIct. silver. Coconino County-Long Valley region, as nodules and masses PYROLUSITE in Kaibab formation, Iron Mine Oanyon. Gila County-Globe district, as earthy material along faults. bl MnO,. St~el-gray to black or bluish. Luster metallic to dull. Opaque. Streak ack or blUlsh black. H. = 2-6.5. Soft material soils the fingers G - 4 4-5 06 Graham County-Reported at Aravaipa, replacing a fibrous ~etragonal, ditetragonal dipyrl;lmi.dal, but commonly pseudomorphous aftermangan~ mineral. 1 e. Cr:y:stals are. known a~ poltamte. In granular, fibrous, or columnar masses or as dendrItlc or remform coatmgs. ' Greenlee County-Ash Peak district, in shear zones with pyro lusite. Secondary, formed by dehydration of manganite or other man Maricopa County-Bighorn Mountains, Aguila district, with ~anese minerals, with which it is generally associat~d. Commonlv quan~ities manganite and pyrolusite. m sm,all .in many oxidized ore deposits and in places Mohave County-Rawhide Mountains, Ar'tillery Peak, in exten coptams suffiCIent SlIver to be mined for that metal. Widely dis sive bedded deposits. Little Chemehuevis Valley. Topock district. ~rIbuted in small amount throughout the state and only the more Important localities are listed. ' Pinal County-Superior district, abundant in fractures and fault planes; as veins and irregular masses on the east 1,600-foot . Cochise County-Tombstone district, in commercial quantities level, Magma mine. Globe district, in surface gash veins, Old m the Oregon-Prompter, Lucky Cuss, Telephone and Bunker Dominion mine, Black Hills, Camp Grant Wash, Tarr and Harper Hills mines. ' mine. Florence district, Chamberlain mine, Galiuro Mountains, r 32 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 33 Blue Bird mine, Copper Creek district. Mammoth mine, as A rare mineral, generally derived from alteration of other botryoidal masses. I titanium minerals. In granitic rocks or schist, associated with Santa Cruz County-Santa Rita Mountains, Rosario group. 1 quartz, adularia, sphene, rutile, or brookite. Patagonia Mountains, Mowry, La Plata, Hermosa, Jarrilla, and Graham County-Stanley district, Friend mine. Isabella mines. Yavapai County-Castle Creek district, 23 miles northeast of BROOKITE Morristown. Near Mayer. TiO•. Various shades of brown to blaCk. Transparent in small fragments. Luster Yuma County-Granite Wash Hills, east of Bouse. Also 33 metallic adamantine to submetallic. Streak uncolored to gray or yellow. H. = 5.5-6. miles west of Congress Junction. G. = 4.14 ± 0.06. Found only as crystals, usually tabular and elongated. Gila County-Reported as occurring in concentrates derived CRYPTOMELANE from the Globe area with biotite, quartz and ilmenite. Essentially a manganese oxide characterized by the presence of &0 and little or no barium. Steel-gray, bluish gray to dUll black. Opaque. Streak brownish black. CERVANTITE H. = 6-6.5. Lower in massive or fibrous varieties. Usually as fine-grained, cleavable, or fibrous masses. Less commonly botryoidal. Perhaps Sb.O,. Yellow to white. Luster greasy or pearly. Transparent. Streak light yellow to white. H. = 4-5. G. = 6.64. Orthorhombic (?). In acicular crystals; The term cryptomelane includes what has been shown by X pulverulent or massive. ray powder patterns to be the commonest of the hard, compact A secondary mineral, most commonly formed from alteration manganese oxides, previously included under the term psilome of stibnite. Generally associated with stibnite and stibiconite. lane and now included under the generic term "wad." Although Yuma County-Dome Rock Mountains, as radiating blades of the mineral is undoubtedly more widely distributed in the state stibnite partially altered to cervantite and stibiconite, in veins. than the single locality listed below would indicate, it is at present the only known authentic occurrence. Cochise County-Tombstone district, as fine-grained, cleavable, STIBICONITE and fibrous material. Part of the analysis by M. Fleischer as Perhaps Sb30,OH. Pale yellow to yellowish white, grayish. Luster pearly to earthy. Transparent. H. = 4-5.5. G. = 5.58. Mostly as massive, compact material, follows: or as crusts. MnO. MnD ZnO H2O 83.13 2.08 5.23 Commonly accompanies cervantite as an alteration product 3.49 of stibnite or other antimony minerals. Pima County-Specimens have been identified, but the locality CASSITERITE is not known. Pinal County-Vekol Mountains, associated with galena and SnO". Ordinarily yellowish to reddish brown to brownish black, occasionally red. Luster adllmantine to metallic adamantine and usually splendent, inclining to sphalerite. greasy on fracture surfaces. Streak white, grayish, brownish. H. = 6-7. G. = 6.99. Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, as a 2- to 3-foot vein Cleavage (100) indistinct. in the vicinity of Canon. Usually as short prismatic crystals in pegmatites. Most im Yuma County-Dome Rock Mountains, as radiating blades of portant ore of tin. stibnite partially altered to cervantite and stibiconite, in veins. Graham County-In spherulitic rhyolite and in placers derived from it .some 25 miles east of Safford on highway 70. BISMITE, Mancopa County-In the Outpost pegmatite, associated with Bi,Otl. Grayish green, greenish yellow to bright yellow. Luster subadamantine to bismuth and .copper minerals, as tabular crystals with well dull and earthy. Transparent in small fragments. Streak grayish to yellow. H. = 4.5, but softer in earthy material. G. = 8.64. Monoclinic. Massive, compact granular to defined faces, honey-yellow to very dark brown, some zoned, up earthy and pulverUlent. to 1.5 inches in diameter. Secondary from oxidation of bismuth minerals, with which it is commonly associated. Much so-called bismite is probably not PLATTNERITE identical with this species, and the validity of the occurrences PbO•. Crystals jet-black, massive material iron-black to brownish black. Opaque. listed below are open to question. Streak chestnut-brown. H. = 5.5. G. = 9.42. Luster bright metallic adamantine Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, alteration product of tarnishing and becoming dull on exposure. ' bismuthinite at the Swallow mine, Castle Creek district. Eureka Santa Cruz County-Glove mine, as crystal incrustations on district, Bagdad mine. wulfenite. Yuma County-A low-grade deposit in quartz is reported from north of Vicksburg, ANATASE-Octahedrite VANOXITE . TiO•. Various shades of brown, indigo-blue, black. Greenish yellow by transmitted hgl).t. Luster adamantine to metallic. Transparent. Streak uncolored to pale yellow. Probably V.Vtl013. 8H20. Color black. Opaque; extremely thin fragments trans II: =5.5-6. G. = 3.90. Tetragonal, ditetragpnal dipyramidal. Crystals either pyramidal mit a brownish color. Occurs as microscopic crystals, sometimes with a rhombo or tabular. Perfect basal and pyramidal cleavage. hedral section; massive, as a cement in sandstone. 34 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 35 Apache County-Lukachukai Mountains and several mesas to Cochise County-As minute cubes along slip planes in the the north, in the Saltwash sandstone. Copper Queen mine at Bisbee. Coconino County-In the workings of the A & B Mining Co., CORVUSITE Flagstaff. On several claims in the Cameron area. Hosteen Nez claim near Tuba City. V.V,20U.nH.O(?). Color and streak blue-black to brown. Opaque. Fracture con Gila County-At a number of places in the Dripping Spring choidal. H. = 2.5-3. G. = 2.82 (?). Found only as massive material. quartzite. Apache County-Monument Valley, in the Monument No.2 Navajo County-At many localities including Monument No. 1 mine. mine, and a property six miles north of Holbrook. Pima County-Rincon Mountains, Blue Rock claims. TUNGSTITE Santa Cruz County-Annie Laurie prospect near Ruby; also at Alamo Spring. Probably W03.H.O. Bright yellow, golden yellow, yellowish green. Luster resinous Yavapai County-Hillside Mine. pearly on cleavage. Transparent. H. = 2.5. Possibly orthorhombic. Perfect basal cleavage. Massive, pulverulent to earthy and as microscopic platy crystals. Of secondary origin, formed by the alteration of primary GUMMITE tungsten minerals, such as wolframite and scheelite, with which U03.nH20 (?). Composition not definite, as this is a generic term for oxides of uranium, usually containing Pb and Th, with relatively large amounts of H20, whose it is generally associated. Has been reported in small amounts true identity is unknown. Color yellow, orange, reddish yellow, orange-red, reddish from most of the tungsten districts in Arizona. brown, brownish black and black. Luster greasy or waxy to vitreous, brilliant to dull; often somewhat resembling gum. Fracture conchoidal to uneven. Brittle. Streak yellow or brownish olive-green. H. = 2.5-5. G. = 3.9-6.4. NAVA.TOITE Apache County-In the Monument Valley No. 2 Mine, with V20".3H.O. Dark brown, silky luster. Streak brown. Hardness less than 2. G many other uranium minerals. = 2.56. Monoclinic. Occurs as fibrous aggregates, also as a coating around pebbleE and sand grains and as thin seams in sandstone. BECQUELERITE Apache County-Monument Valley, in a conglomeratic sand 2U03.3H20 (?) .A hydrated oxide of uranium. Formula uncertain. Amber to stone in the Monument No.2 Mine. brownish yellow. Transparent. Luster adamantine, inclining to greasy. Streak yellow. H. = 2-3. G. = 5.2. DOLORESITE Apache County-Monument No.2 Mine. Navajo County-Cato Sells mine, as a secondary mineral. Also 3V20±. 4H20. Nearly black. Luster submetallic. Streak greenish black. G. = 3.27-3.41. reported six miles north of. Holbrook. Apache County-Monument Valley, from the Monument No. 2 Mine, as chocolate-brown, bladed masses with satin-like cleav FOURMARIERITE age surfaces, associated with a variety of other vanadium oxides. PbO.4U03.5H20(?). A hydrated oxide of uranium and lead. Formula uncertain. Red to golden-red; also brown. Luster adamantine. Transparent. H. = 3-4. G. = 6.046. OXIDES CONTAINING URANIUM, THORIUM AND A secondary mineral. ZIRCONIUM Apache County-Monument No.2 Mine, with several other uranium minerals. Uraninite Gummite DAVIDITE Becquelerite Fourmarierite An oxide of titanium, iron, uranium, chromium and the rare earths. Dark Davidite brown to brownish black. Luster submetallic to glassy. Streak brownish black. Pima County-Quijotoa Mountains, as dark brown pitchy URANINITE lustered masses in a matrix of sphene and feldspar, near Covered Wells. U02. Steely to velvety black, and brownish black. Luster sUbmetallic to pitch like to greasy and dull. Transparent in very thin splinters. Fractl1re uneven to HYDROXIDES conchoidal. Brittle. Streak brownish black. H. = 5-6. G. = 10.95. Isometric hex octahedral, octahedral habit. Massive variety is pitchblende. Usually more or less oxidized from U4 to UO resulting in lower specific gravity. Brucite There are many reported occurrences of this mineral in Ari Lepidocrocite zona. Following are some of the authenticated localities. Montroseite Apache County-Lukachukai Mountains in several claims and Paramontroseite mines, including Luki, Mesa 1%, Mesa 2, Cove School, Mesa 41h. Manganite Monument Valley, Monument No.2 mine. Garnet Ridge, near Gibbsite Dinnehotso. Psilomelane "F 36 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 37 BRUCITE GIBBSITE Mg(OHj,. White to pale green, gray, bluish, honey-yellow to brownish. Luster Al (OH)o. White, grayish, greenish or reddish white; also reddish yellow when vitreous to pearly on cleavages. Transparent streak white. H. = 2.5. G. = 2.39. He:lfa impure. Luster vitreous, pearly on cleavage. Transparent. Emits a strong clayey gona-l, scal\mohedral:. Perfect basal cleavage. As crystals; plates, or foliated masses; odor when breathed on. H. = 2.5-3.5. G. = 2.3-2.42. Monoclinic. Perfect' basal cleavage. In tabular crystals; more commonly compact earthy, stalactitic, or as also fibrous, rarely granular. enamel-like coatings. TypicaHy a low-temperature hydrothermal vein mineral. As a secondary product resulting from the alteration of alumi Mohave County-Oatman district, in veins with magnesite and nous minerals, and sometimes the chief constituent of bauxite serpentine cutting volcanic rocks, deposits. Also as a low-temperature hydrothermal mineral in veins or cavities in igneous rocks. LEPIDOCROCITE Cochise County-Bisbee district, as an impure variety with chalcoalumite and malachite. FeO (OH). Ruby-red to reddish brown. Luster submetallic. Transparent. Streak dull orange. H. = 5. G. = 4.05-4.13. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Perfect pinaeoidal, less perfect basal cleavage. As flattened crystals or crystal groups. Also massive, PSILOMELANE bladed, fibrous, or micaceous. Probably BaMnMnsOlo. (OH).. Iron-black to dark steel-gray. Luster submetallic Occurrence and association the same as for goethite, and the to dull. Opaque. Streak brownish black to black, shining. H. = 5-6, softer in the earthy varieties. G. = 4.70-4.72. Orthorhombic. Found only massive, as botryoidal, two often occur together, with crystals of lepidocrocite resting reniform or stalactitic crusts, or earthy and pulverulent. on massive goethite. Pinal County-Identified on a single specimen from the Mam A secondary mineral formed under surface conditions from the moth mine, but is probably of far wider and more common occur alteration of manganous carbonates or silicates, and associated rence than the one locality listed would indicate. with products of similar origin, such as pyrolusite, goethite, limon ite, and "wad." It is probable that most of the previously reported occurrences MONTROSEITE-PARAMONTROSEITE of this mineral are unidentified managanese oxides, orr mixtures, (VFe) 0 (OH) (Montroseite); VOs (Paramontroseite). Both orthorhombic. Mon and thus belong under the generic term "wad," where they have troseite: Grayish black. Luster submetallic. G. = 4.00. Perfect side pinacoidal been placed in this edition. cleavage. Occurs as bladed crystalline masses. Paramontroseite is an alteration pro duct of the oxidation and dehydration of montroseite, and is pseudomorphic after Pima County-From near Tucson, but the exact locality is un montroseite. known. Part of the analysis by Charles Milton as follows: BaO MnO MnOs Fe20. HsO Apache County-As montroseite'at the Martin Mine, Carrizo 14.40 6.70 59.65 3.27 4.27 Mountains; the Mesa 4lh and Cove School Mines, Lukachukai Mountains. As paramontroseite at the' Monument No. 2 Mine, MULTIPLE OXIDES Monument Valley. Probably both minerals are present in all locations. Delafossite Groutite Chromite Goethite Spinel Hetaerolite MANGANITE Limonite Magnetite Coronadite MnO (OH). Dark steel-gray to iron-black. Luster submetallic. Transparent in thin DELAFOSSITE splinters. Streak reddish brown to nearly black. H. = 4. G. = 4.32-4.34. Monoclinic. Crystals commonly prismatic and deeply striated vertically. Perfect pinacoidal and prismatic cleavage. Also columnar or stalactitic. CuFe02. Color and streak black. Luster metallic. Opaque. Weakly magnetic. H. = 5.5. G. = 5.41. Hexagonal, scalenohedral. As tabular crystals and botryoidal Commonly with other manganese oxides in deposits of second crusts. ary origin. Also in veins. A rare mineral of secondary origin, occurring in a few oxidized Cochise County-Tombstone district, as needlelike crystals in copper deposits in the world. parallel groups and as soft fibers lining cavities. Cochise County-Bisbee district, Southwest mine, as small Gila County-'-Globe district, as needlelike crystals with earthy crystals, crystal aggregates and botryoidal crusts at the lower wad. As irregular masses with oxidized copper ore in the "79" zone of oxidation. Analysis by G. S. Bohart as follows: Cu Fe 0 Insol. Total mine. 41.24 37.22 21.79 0.25 100.00 Maricopa County-Bighorn Mountains, Aguila district, with pyrolusite and wad. GOETHITE Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Mowry mine. HFe02. Blackish brown to ocher-yellow. Luster imperfect adamantine to dull; Yavapai County-Castle Creek. With pyrolusite and wad in fibrous varieties silky. Transparent in thin splinters. Streak brownish yellow tc ocher-yellow. H. = 5-5.5. G. = 3.3-4.28. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Crystals pris the northern part of the Aguila district. As shiny black crystals matic or flattened. Perfect pinacoidal, less perfect basal cleavages. Most character in the property of the Mohave Mining and Milling Co., east of istically with concentric or radiated fibrous structure or as earthy masses. Wickenburg. Most commonly the dominant constituent of the impure mix Yuma County-Planet district. ture known as "limonite," the most abundant oxidation product 38 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 39 of other iron minerals. Reported as pure material from only one Gila County-Dripping Spring Mountains, Christmas mine, locality in the state. with a variety of contact silicates and sulfides. As large crystals Cochise County-Bisbee district, as thick botryoidal crusts in volcanic bombs of olivine from near Peridot. with fibrous structure, Shattuck mine. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, abundant in meta morphosed limestone, with garnet, amphibole, pyroxene, and GROUTITE sulfides. Mined as flux at the Manganese Blue and Arizona Cen tral mines. HMn02. Black. Luster splendent submetallic to adamantine. Streak dark brown. G. = 4.14. Perfect front and side pinacoidal cleavage. Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, abundant in contact metamorphic copper ores at Rosemont camp. Sierrita Mountains, Cochise County-At Bisbee, in the Campbell Shaft, as tiny in contact ore bodies, Twin Buttes area. In large amounts on the dark brownish black crystals coating sooty manganese oxide surface, five miles from Tule Wells. . matrix. Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, as lodestone in con LIMONITE-Brown Iron Ore siderable quantities at the Line Boy mine, near Duquesne. A mixture of ferric iron minerals, principally goethite and hematite. Yellow, Yavapai County-Eureka district, as titaniferous magnetite in brown, black. Luster submetallic to dull. Streak yellowish brown. H. variable, mostly 4-5.5. G. = 2.7-4.3. In compact, botryoidal, or earthy masses. Brown ocher dikes and irregular bodies in gabbro. Partial analysis as follows: or yellow ocher is soft and earthy. Percentages of Fe vary widely. Fe Ti Mn Of secondary origin, the commonest alteration product of other 60.35 8.40 Trace iron minerals. Abundant in the gossan or capping of most sulfide McBride claims 17 miles south of Seligman, as segregations of ore deposits. Also deposited by ground waters in bogs or marshes titaniferous magnetite in gabbro. Bradshaw Mountains, with forming low-grade iron ores. hematite in schist near Townsend Butte and the Howard Copper No commercial deposits of limonite are known in the state. property; as large crystals with apatite and sphene in granodiorite It is so widely distributed in small quantities throughout the at the Springfield group, Pine Grove district. As large pieces of mining districts that occurrences need not be listed. lodestone near Stoddard. Yuma County-Harcuvar Mountains, Yuma Copper property, SPINEL with actinolite, replacing limestone. Dome Rock Mountains, as crystals and masses of magnetite in wall rocks of the cinnabar MgAhO,. Various shades of red, blue, green, and brown to nearly colorless. Luster vitreous to dull. Transparent. Streak white. H. = 7.5-8. G. = 3.55 when pure. Iso veins. metric, hexoctahedral. Crystals octahedral. Picotite/ or chrome spine!, contains a large proportion of Cr in substitution for AI. Gahmte is essentially Zn, AI spinel; Pleonaste is Mg, Fe spinel. CHROMITE An accessory mineral in many basic rocks, especially perido FeCr20,. Iron-black to brownish black. Luster metallic to submetallic. Opaque. tites; as a metamorphic mineral in granular limestone and dolo Streak brown. H. = 5.5. G. = 4.5-4.8. Isometric, hexoctahedral. Octahedral crystals. mite or their contact zones; in gneiss and schist; and in placer Commonly granular to compact massive. gravels, in places with corundum. As veins or masses in peridotite or in serpentine and formed by Gila County-Large crystals of spinel, possibly picotite, in segregation. Generally associated with magnetite and ilmenite. volcanic bombs of olivine near Peridot. Yuma County-Trigo Mountains, Eureka district, as dissemin Maricopa and Yavapai Counties-Gahnite is found as small ated grains and small masses with mariposite in mica schist. blue-gray to deep green crystals in pegmatites of the White Pi cacho district, as is pleonaste, in greenish black crystals. HETAEROLITE MAGNETITE ZnMn204. Black. Luster submetallic. Transparent in very thin splinters. Streak dark brown. H. = 6. G. = 5.18. Tetragonal, ditetragonal dipyramidal. Crystals of octahedral habit. Perfect basal cleavage. FeFe20,. Iron-black. Luster metallic and splendent to submetallic and dull. Opaque. Streak black. H. = 5.5-6.5. G. = 5.175. Strongly magnetic. Isometric, hex octahedral. Octahedral crystals common. Good octahedral parting. Also granular Rare, in small quantities with manganese oxides. massive. Lodestone attracts particles of iron. Cochise County-Tombstone district, as tiny veinlets in man An accessory mineral of many igneous rocks; in basic types ganite. As splendent botryoidal and stalactitic coatings and masses may occur in large masses. Abundant in metamorphic rocks. The from the Campbell and Junction mines, Bisbee district. main constituent of black sands. No deposits of value as iron ore are known in the state, but some have been used as flux in smelt CORONADITE ing copper ores. Only a few characteristic occurences can be MnPbMno014. Galena-white. Luster dull to submetallic. Opaque. Streak brownish listed. black. H. = 4.5-5. G. = 5.44. Pseudotetragonal. In dense fibrous masses, or fibrous Coconino County-Grand Canyon, as octahedral crystals up botryoidal crusts. to an inch in diameter in pegmatites. As segregations of titanifer A rare secondary mineral described from only two localities in ous magnetite in gabbro south of Seligman. the world. 40 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 41 G1'eenlee County-First described from Clifton-Morenci as The most abundant and widespread of the natural columbates f~irly large amounts at the west end of the Coronado vein. An~ly and tantalates, especially in granite pegmatites containing lithium SIS by W. F. Hillebrand as follows: minerals. Mn02 MnO PbO FeO ZnO CuO H2O Total Maricopa County-White Picacho district, as crystals up to 5 56.68 6.11 25.96 .91 .10 .05 1.03 100.84 inches in diameter in the quartz-rich zone of the Midnight Owl As recalculated by Frondel and Heinrick: pegmatite. Ferberite deposits of the Cave Creek district carry 2.19 per cent combined columbium-tantalum probably ascolum Mn02 MnO PbO Fe20, ZnO AbO, H2O Rem. Total 60.80 7.12 28.66 1.10 0.11 0.68 1.11 0.42 100.00 bite-tantalite. Yavapai County-In small quantities in several pegmatites of Pinal County-Superior district, in small amounts near the the White Picacho district. lower limits of the oxidized zone, Magma mine with sauconite a waxy, zinc-bearing clay mineral. ' , EUXENITE-POLYCRASE A series from (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th) (Cb,Ta,Ti) 20. to (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th) (Ti,Cb,Ta) 20•. Cb MULTIPLE OXIDES plus Ta end is euxenite. Ti end is polycrase. Black, sometimes with a greenish or brownie.h tint. Luster often brilliant, submetallic, or somewhat greasy or vitreous. Transparent in thin splinters. Streak yellowish, grayish or reddish brown. H. = Containing Columbium, Tantalum, Titanium 5.5-6.5. G. = 5.00. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Pyrochlore Tapiolite Euxenite Microlite Columbite Polycrase Maricopa County-As polycrase south of Buckeye in pegma Fergusonite Tantalite Samarskite tite, associated with kasolite. Assayed 8% UgOs. Mohave County-As euxenite in the Cerbat Range, as scattered PYROCHLORE,-MICROLITE masses weighing up to 50 pounds, in pegmatite, Kingman Feldspar Mine. Similarly east of the Big Sandy River, south of Burro NaCaCb20"F to .(Na,.Ca),Ta20o(0.OH,F). A complex oxide series. Pyrochlore Creek and near the Aquarius Mountains. brown to black, mIcrollte yellow to brown. Streak of pyrochlore light brown yellowi~h brown; of microlite pale yellowish or brownish. Brittle. H. = 5-5.5. G. ~ Navajo County-On Hugh Barton's claim in the Holbrook 4.2-6.4. mcreasing with Ta content. Isometric hexoctahedral. Octahedral habit. district. . Yavapai CO'unty-White Picacho district, in the Outpost, Mid Pima County-As euxenite in the New Year's Eve Mine, mght Owl and Picacho View pegmatites as tiny, olive-green to Sierrita Mountains, associated with molybdenite and chalcopyrite. dark brown and black crystals of microlite with sharply defined octahedral and dodecahedral faces, associated with pyrochlore. SAMARSKITE (Y,Er,Ce,U,Ca,Fe,Pb,Th) (Cb,Ta,Ti,Sn),Oo. Velvet-black. Luster vitreous to resin FERGUSONITE ous. Streak dark reddi~h brown to black. H. = 5-6. G. =5.69. Orthorhombic. Crystals rectangular prisms with rough faces. Commonly massive and in flattened dis seminated grains. (Y,Er,Ce,Fe) (Cb,Ta,Ti) 0 •. Brownish black to velvet-black. Luster dull to vitre ous al)-d submetallic. Transparent in thin splinters. Streak pale brown, yellow brown, gr~ems!?- gray. H. = 5.5-6.5. G. = 5.5-5.8. Tetragonal, dipyramidal. In pyramidal or Generally in small amounts in pegmatite with other rare prIsmatIc crystals. Also massive. earth minerals. Of uncommon occurrence, generally in acid pegmatite with Mohave County-Aquarius Range, with allanite in pagmatite. other rare earth minerals. Also northeast of Kingman. Mohave County-Reported to occur near the Aquarius moun Pima County-Sierrita Mountains, as black, shiny crystals, tains. probably samarskite, in the New Year's Eve Mine. yavapai County-Mica~Feldspar quarry northwest of highway Yavapai County-Black Hills, reported from near Jerome. mamtenance camp on WhIte Spar road just beyond Yarnell. HALIDES TAPIOLITE Halite Iodyrite Paralaurionite Chloroxiphite . FeTa206. Black. Luster subadamantine to metallic. Transparent in extremely thm splinters; Streak cinnamon-brown to brownish black. H. = 6-6.5. G. = 7.85-7.95. Cerargyrite Fluorite Atacamite Tetragonal, dItetragonal dipyramidal. In square pyramidal or short prismatic crystals. Bromyrite Cotunnite Boleite An uncommon mineral generally found in pegmatite. Salammoniac Matlockite Diaboleite Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, in stream gravels on Castle Creek. HALITE-Rock Salt NaCl. Colorless or white when pure. Luster vitreous. Transparent to translucent. COLUMBITE-TANTALITE Streak white. Taste saline. H. = 2.5. G. = 2.16. Isometric, hexoctahedral. Perfect cubic cleavage. Crystals cubic. Cleavable to granular massive. A se!ies frorp. (Fe,Mn) .(Cb,Ta),O, to .(Fe,Mn) (Ta,Cb),O•. Iron-black to brownish An important source of salt, found in irregular sedimentary black, WIth reddIsh brown mternal reflectIOns. Transparent in thin splinters Cleavage (O~O) distinct. Brittle. Str~ak dark red to black. H. = 6. (Columbite) to'6.5 (Tan beds and formed by evaporation of inland seas or salt lakes. Com tallte). G. = 5.20 (ColumbIte) to 7.95 (Tantalite). Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. monly associated with gypsum or anhydrite. ------.------~""---~"--"--" 42 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 43 Gila and Maricopa counties~Throughout the Salt River Valley SAL AMMONIAC as incrustations. Derived from evaporation of saline springs. NH4Cl. White. Luster vitreous. Transparent. Streak white. Taste salty; stings. Mohave County-With gypsum in badlands of the Virgin River G. = 1.5. OCcurs as skeletal or dendritic masses and as crusts. Valley near the Nevada border. Most commonly a sublimation product about fumaroles. Pima County-Reported from the Papago reservation. Yuma County-Reported from near Yuma. Yavapai County-Near Camp Verde, with thenardite, glau berite, mirabilite, and gypsum. IODYRITE-Horn Silver AgI. Pale yellow or green. H. = 1.-1.5. G. = 5.3-5.8. Hexagonal. Except for the CERARGYRITE-BROMYRITE crystal form it is identical in appearance with the silver halides already described. A series from AgCI (Cerargyrite) to AgBr (Bromyrite). Bromian cerargyrite A rare silver mineral, reported from only a few localities in is known as embolite. Iodobromite is an iodine-bearing bromyrite. Colorless when pure and fresh, but usually gray, also yellowish and greenish brown. Luster reEin the world. ous to adamantine horn-like. Translucent to transparent. H. = 2.5. G. = 5.55. (AgCI) to 6.47 (AgBr). Sectile and ductile. Plastic. Isometric; hexoctahedral. Cochise County-Pearce Hills, with cerargyrite, bromyrite, embolite, and argentite, Commonwealth mine. Cochise County-At Tombstone, in the oxidized ores of the district; also near Charleston, at the Bradshaw mine as granular Pima County-Cerro Colorado, Cerro Colorado mine. aggregates. Pearce hills, at the Commonwealth mine. Dragoon Mountains, in oxidized lead-silver ores of the Turquoise District. FLUORITE-Fluorspar County~Globe Gila district, in many of the surficial ores; Old CaF2. Most commonly colorless, white, green, purple. blue, yellow, and brown. Dominion mine, with manganese oxides. Richmond Basin, in Luster vitreous. Transparent to translucent. H. = 4. G. = 3.18. Isometric. hexocta hedral. Perfect octahedral cleavage. Cubic and octahedral crystals COmmon. Also the Jumbo vein, massive cerargyrite forms plates 112 inch thick granular massive with prominent cleavage; rarely columnar. Some specimens are and several inches in diameter. Payson district, with native silver fluorescent. at the Silver Butte mine. Globe district, as iodobromite, as thin Occurs most commonly as a primary mineral in veins of which seams and crusts in a vein of quartz and calcite of the Hechman it is the chief constituent, or in the gangue of lead, zinc, and silver mine. ores. It is also found in sedimentary rocks, such as dolomite and Mohave County-Cerbat Range, at severai properties, princip limestone, and in plutonic igneous rocks, such as granite and mon ally in the Chloride, Mineral Park, Cerbat, Stockton Hills, White zonite. Used chiefly as a flux in the making of steel. Hills, and Wallapai districts. Hualpai Mountains, at several pro Cochise County-At Tombstone, locally abundant in some sili perties in the Maynard district. cified areas, particularly at the Empire mine. Near Government Pima County~Santa Rita Mountains, Blue Jay mine, Helvetia Draw, purple crystals with quartz. In the Chiricahua Mountains district, and in the Greaterville district. Empire Mountains, Total small quantities have been mined from quartz veins near Para Wreck mine. Quijotoa Mountains, Morgan mine. Tortolita Moun dise. Dragoon Mountains, in granite pegmatites with huebnerite. tains, Apache property, Owl Head district. Cerro Colorado, Cerro Whetstone Mountains, vein west of San Juan siding. Colorado and other mines. Gila County-Payson district, with epidote, Ox Bow mine. Pinal County-Superior district, as the chief near-surface ore Eastern Tonto Basin, Packard claims, in veins. In small amounts mineral in the Belmont area. Mammoth mine, as tiny yellowish in open fractures in the Castle Dome mine, associated with barite. cubo-octahedral crystals implanted on caledonite from the Collins Graham County-Aravaipa district, Grand Reef mine and veins of the Landsman group. As crystals in barite veins of Stan vein. ley Butte. Santa Cruz County-Santa Rita Mountains, Ivanhoe mine, Greenlee County-In several properties near Duncan, some of Tyndall district; Anaconda group, Wrightson district. Patagonia which have produced. Mountains, La Plata and Meadow Valley mines, Redrock district; Maricopa County-Harquahala Mountains, Snowball property, Hermosa and American mines, Harshaw district; Palmetto mine, in veins.· Vulture Mountains, west of Morristown, in veins. Re Palmetto district. ported from the White Tank Mountains. In the white quartz YCfvapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Dos Oris mine, Hassa quarry on Pinnacle Peak, east of Paradise Valley. yamp~ district, with argentite and native silver; Thunderbolt Mohave County-Black Mountains, as white to pale green mine, Black Canyon district, with proustite and native silver; Tus bands or as linings of cavities in the northern part of the Oatman cumbia mine, Bradshaw district, with stephanite; with ruby silver district. at the Tip Top mine, Tip Top district. At the Silver Belt mine, Big Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, New York mine, Helvet Bug district, where the presence of stone hammers and gads in ia district. Silver Bell Mountains, in considerable quantity in the ancient working indicates that the deposit was mined in pre old silver-lead pit near the Mammoth mine, and with barite and historic time. Peck district, Swastika mine, as fine crystals. galena at several other properties in the Silver Bell district. Sier Yuma County-Trigo Mountains, Silver Clip and Red Cloud rita Mountains, as veins from a few inches to 2 feet in width, mines, as the principal silver mineral in the oxidized lead ores. Neptune property. ------,.------_.,~_.. ""~._'~--_., ... ,--'--~"--- 44 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 45 Pinal County-Mammoth mine, microscopically abundant but ATACAMITE rarely visible. In cubic crystals from the lower levels. CU2(OHlnCI. Bright green, dark emerald-green to blackish green. Luster ada mantine to vitreous. Transparent to translucent. H.:= 3-3.5. G.:= 3.75-3.17. Ortho Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, as red material rhombic, dipyramidal. Highly perfect pinacoidal cleavage. C<,>mmonly m slender prismatic crystals, vertically striated. Also in confused crystallme aggregates, mas with embolite and pyrargyrite, Alta mine, Harshaw district. sive, fibrous, granular to compact and as sand. Yavapai County - Bradshaw Mountains, Springfield group, Of secon,dary origin, derived from malachite and cuprite under Pine Grove district; Swallow mine, Castle Creek district. McCloud arid or semiarid conditions. Reported from only a few localities in Mountains, at a property near the Leviathan mine, from which Arizona, but is probably more widely distributed. material has been shipped. Eureka district, in a vein west of the Pinal County-Galiuro Mountains, as small green crystals with Bagdad mine. As dodecahedral crystals 3-4 feet in diameter olivenite on the main level of the Old Reliable mine, Copper northeast of Congress Junction, in pegmatite dikes. Creek district. Mammoth mine, as coarse granular aggregates of Yuma County-Castle Dome Mountains, Castle Dome district, deep green color in a single specimen from the 400-foot level, as greenish, purple, and rose-colored crystals and cleavage masses Collins vein. up to several inches in diameter, associated locally with galena, Pima County-Cerro Colorado, Cerro Colorado mine. barite, and wulfenite. Material produced from the Big Dome Yavapai County-Black Hills, in small quantities, United claim showed the following analysis: Verde mine. CaF2 CaC03 Si02 98.7 to 99.0 1.15 to 1.65 0.05 to 0.20 BOLEITE PbuCuBAg"Cb(OH)lu.2H20(?l. Deep prussian blue, inclining to blackish blue on Trigo Mountains, Silver district, as crystalline to dense vari crystal faces. Luster weakly vitreous, inclining to pearly on cleavage faces. Streak colored bands coating quartz, and as vein material with quartz blue with greenish tint. H. := 3-3.5. G. := 5.05. Tetragonal. and barite. Kofa or S.H. Mountains, in a vein near the King of A rare mineral found in some oxidized sulfide ore bodies in Arizona mines. Buckskin Mountains, Chicago and Mammoth pro arid or semi-arid regions. perties, with barite. Gila County-Reported from the Apache Mine north of Globe. Questionable. Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as dark blue cubes with dia COTUNNITE boleite and cerussite from the 400-foot level, Collins vein. PbCh. White to yellowish. One perfect cleavage. Luster adamantine, silky, pearly. Transparent to translucent. H. := 2.5. G. := 5.8. Orthorhombic. In acicular DIABOLEITE crystals and semicrystalline masses. Pb2CuC1,(OHl,. Deep blue. Transparent. Streak pale blue. H.:= 2.5. G. := 5.42. A rare mineral, found in small quantity in only a few places Tetragonal. In thin platy to short, stubby crystals. in the world. A rare secondary mineral previously known from only one Mohave County-Grand Wash Cliffs, as small veinlets replac locality in the world. ing chalcocite at the Grand Gulch mine, Bentley district. Pinal County-Mammoth mine, in crystals of superb quality, with cerussite, wulfenite, and boleite, from the 400-foot level, Collins vein. Forms identified consist of (001), (010), (0.1.10), MATLOCKITE (110), (101), (012), (011), (021), (201), (112), (111). Analysis by PbFCl. Yellowish, grayish, or greenish. Luster adamantine to pearly. Transparent. F. A. Gonyer as follows: H. := 2.5-3. G.:= 7.12. Tetragonal. Perfect basal cleavage. Crystals tabular. PbO CuO Ch H20 Total 72.32 12.73 11.47 6.06 100.00 A rare secondary mineral previously recorded only from the original locality at Matlock, England. CHLOROXIPHITE Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as minute crystals on boleite Pb"Cu02 (OH) £1,(?) . Dull olive-green or pistachio green. not unlike epidote. Luster resinous to adamantine. Very brittle Streak pale greemsh yellow. H. := 2.5. from the 400-foot level, Collins vein, and as a large nodule coated G. := 6.763. Monoclinic; prismatic. Occurs in bladed crystals. with cerussite from the 500-foot level. Yavapai County-Walker district. PARALAURIONITE CARBONATES, NITRATES, BORATES Pb(OHlCl. Colorless to white. Transparent. Soft. G. := 6.05. Monoclinic. Perfect Dolomite Loseyite Hydrocerussite basal cleavage. As small tabular crystals. . Calcite Magnesite Ankerite Hydrozincite Beyerite A rare secondary mineral, originally described from the Siderite Schroeckingerite Aurichalcite Leadhillite ancient lead slags at Laurium, Greece. Rhodochrosite Voglite Rosasite Soda Niter Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as small yellowish white cry Smithsonite Bayleyite Malachite Niter stals in the Collins vein. Characterized by an extremely good Aragonite Swartzite Phosgenite Nitrocalcite cleavage, and a certain degree of flexibility so that the crystals Witherite Andersonite Bismutite Gerhardtite are often bent. Associated with diaboleite and leadhillite. Cerussite Liebigite Azurite Colemanite 46 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 47 CALCITE Stalactite, stalagmite CaCOa. White to colorless or pale shades of gray, red, green. blue, yellow; brown Stalactites are cylinders or cones that hang from the roofs of or black when impure. Luster vitreous to earthy. Transparent to Clpaque. Streak white or grayish. H. = 3. G. = 2.71. Hexagonal, scalenohedral. Perfect rhombohedral limestone caVerns and are formed by the evaporation of water cleavage. commonly in crystals of rhombohedral or scalenohedral habit. Also cleav able massive. massive. granular. columnar, stalactitic, or chalky. charged with calcium carbonate. Stalagmites are of the same material covering the floors of caverns, in places rising in cones Most common as limestone and marble. Also a common vein to meet the stalactites. Most oriental alabaster, onyx marble, and mineral. Several varieties are based on color, structure, and Mexican onyx is stalagmite. impurities. Cochise County-Stalactites were abundant in the oxidized Ordinary calcite zone of the Copper Queen mine. Bisbee, locally colored with salts Crystals and cleavable masses, so common that only a few of copper. A cavern 340 feet in diameter and 80 feet high, lined typical occurrences are listed. with stalactitic calcite, was discovered on the 300-foot level of Cochise Co:unty-Bisbee district, as masses of crystals in oxi the Shattuck mine in 1914. dized ore. Tombstone district, as coarsely crystalline aggregates Pima County-Both stalactites and stalagmites abound in Col along the flanks of the "roll deposits," and as snow-white linings ossal Cave, on the southern slope of the Rincon Mountains. of caverns in manganese ore bodies. Chiricahua Mountains, Cry Santa Cruz County-In Onyx Cave, Santa Rita Mountains. stal Cave, as crystal aggregates. Gila County-Globe district, Old Dominion mine, as fine Travertine groups of scalenohedral crystals in cavities in limestones. Compact calcareous material deposited by springs or streams, Mohave County-Grand Canyon, north side, as groups of white generally distinctly banded and variously colored. Also called and amber scalenohedral crystals. Sand crystals, consisting of onyx marble or Mexican onyx. sand grains cemented by calcite crystals, occur in sediments of the Big Sandy Valley. Gila County-Natural Bridge, south of Pine. Pinal County-Superior district, as delicate pink scalenohedral Coconino County-Havasupai Falls, south of the Grand Can crystal groups, Magma mine. yon. In Havasu Canyon similar deposits at Mooney, Bridal Veil, Santa Cruz County-Santa Rita Mountains. as magnificent and other falls. groups of scalenohedral crystals at Onyx Cave. Maricopa County-On Camp Creek, west of Cave Creek, a Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains,as beautiful specimens deposit of soft travertine contains boulders prevailingly green and of crystallized calcite, quartz, adularia, and ore minerals, Cash yellow with veins of brown and red. mine, Hassayampa district. Material of optical quality reported from the Castle Hot Springs area. Mohave County-Abundant at the mouth of the Grand Can yon. Some miles to the west deposits up to 200 feet thick cap Limestone Greggs Breccia. By far the commonest variety, occuring in rock masses with Santa Cruz County-Santa Rita Mountains, at Cave Creek, either compact or granular structure. Widely distributed through Greaterville district, as brown material unusually free from out the sedimentary rocks of the state, particularly those of the cracks. Paleozoic era. The most extensive limestone deposits in northern Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Big Bug Creek, near Arizona are the Redwall and Kaibab formations, in southern Ari Mayer, where deposits of b~nded materia.l, ~olored by. ir:on oxides, , zona the Escabrosa, Naco, and Snyder Hill formations. have yielded much decoratIve stone. A SImIlar depOSIt IS on Cave Marble Creek. Another deposit is reported from the Eureka district. Also Coarsely crystalline limestone, generally formed by metamor southwest of Ash Fork. phism of originally fine-grained or compact limestone. Widely distributed in the state, but only occurrences suitable for in MAGNESITE dustrial use are listed. MgCOa. White. grayish white, yellowish. and brown. Luster vitreous. H. = 3.5-5. Cochise County-Chiricahua Mountains, as extensive deposits G. = 3.0-3.2. Hexagonal. scalenohedral. Perfect rhombohedral cleavage. Generally near Ft. Bowie in Immigrant Canyon and at the head of Whitetail compact massive; also granular to cleavable. Creek. Dragoon Mountains, a few miles southeast of Dragoon May be formed from alteration of rocks rich in magnesium or station, quarried to some extent. Little Dragoon Mountains, north west of Manzora. through action of magnesium-bearing waters upon calcite. ~s a minor constituent of limestones or dolomites, probably extenSIve Gila County-Quarried 10 miles west of Globe, at the foot of Sleeping Beauty Mountain. ly distributed in Arizona. Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, quarried 6 miles north Greenlee County-Sparingly in beds of the Longfellow lime of Helvetia. stone. Yuma County-Gila Mountains, very pure deposits south of Mohave County-Oatman district, in veins with brucite and Dome station. serpentine. 48 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 49 SIDERITE Greenlee County-Shannon Mountains, Clifton-Morenci dis trict. FeCO,. Generally some shade of brown or gray. Luster vitreous to dull. Trans Pima County-Empire Mountains, Hilton mines. Sierrita lucent to opaque. Streak white. H. = 3.75-4.25. G. = 3.96. Hexagonal, scalenohedral. Crystals rhombohedral, with curved faces. Perfect rhombohedral cleavage. Com Mountains, as dry bone, San Xavier district. Silver Bell district, monly cleavable or granular massive. Also in botryoidal and globular forms, compact or earthly. as earthy mixtures of smithsonite and cerussite. Waterman Moun tains, Silver Hill mine, as small rhombs, and also as pale blue May be formed by action of organic matter upon iron car botryoidal masses similar to the material from Kelly, New Mexico. bonate solutions, by surface alteration of iron silicates, or by re Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as crusts and porous masses. placement of limestone. Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Westinghouse prop Cochise Co'nnty-Bisbee district, boxwork siderite has proved erty, Duquesne, with cerussite, anglesite, chrysocolla, and cuprite. a guide to ore. Yuma County-Trigo Mountains, with cerussite and yellow Gila County-Dripping Spring Mountains, with wulfenite and lead oxide in cellular to crystalline masses. Castle Dome district, vanadinite, McHur prospect, Banner district. in channels and vugs with hydrozincite, wulfenite, vanadinite and Mohave County-Cerbat Range,a common gangue mineral in mimetite. the Chloride and Gold Basin districts. Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, Iron Mask mine, Old ARAGONITE Baldy district, with magnetite and tourmaline. Empire Mountains, CaC03. White, gray, yellow, green, and violet. Luster vitreous. Transparent to Hilton mines. translucent. Streak white, H. = 3.5-4. G. = 2.95. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Crystals generally acicular. Distinct pinacoidal and prismatic cleavage. In columnar or Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Lynx Creek, in veins fibrous masses, or as stalactitic, globular, or coralloisJal forms. Flos terri is a coral with chlorite and tourmaline; Gold Note group, Turkey Creek 10Wai variety, -in groupings of delicate interlacing sterns. district; Peck and Swastika mines, Peck district, with native Less common than calcite, formed from springs and from sa silver and bromyrite. Large crystaline nodules from the vicinity line solutions that contain sulfate, thus occurring in beds of gyp... of Yarnell. sum. Also in cavities in lavas and in limestone caverns. Yuma County-Dome Rock Mountains, in cinnabar veins with Cochise County-At Bisbee, as magnificent coralloidal groups tourmaline. Harcuvar Mountains, as nearly jet-black cleavable of flos ferri in limestone caverns. Dragoon Mountains, as stalac material with chalcopyrite, Cunningham Pass. tites and stalagmites lining solution cavities in silver-lead de posits, Turquoise district. RHODOCHROSITE Pima County-Empire Mountains, as large fibrous and stalac MnCO,. Rose-red, gray, dark red, or brown; commonly coated with a black oxida titic masses, Hiltano district. Santa Rita Mountains, as flos ferri tion product. Luster vitreous to pearly. Translucent to opaque. Streak white. H. = 3.5-4. G. = 3.70±. Hexagonal, scalenohedral. Crystals like dolomite in habit. in Onyx Cave. Sierrita Mountains, in fissures of the San Xavier Perfect rhombohedral cleavage. Cleavable to granular or compact massive. district, commonly stained by copper. In sedimentary deposits, in origin similar to siderite. Also as Yuma County-Castle Dome district, in channels and vugs gangue, particularly in veins of lead and silver, and generally with smithsonite, hydrozincite, wulfenite, vanadinite and mime associated with other manganese minerals. tite. Cochise County-Tombstone, as small grains in oxidized ala bandite ore from the Lucky Cuss mine. WITHERITE Gila County-Banner district, in the London Range shaft. BaC03. White, yellowish, grayish. Luster vitreous to dull. Transparent to trans lucent. Streak white. H. = 3-3.5. G. = 4.3. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Distinct Santa Cnlz County-Patagonia Mountains, Trench mine, with pinacoidal cleavage. Massive, columnar, or granular. alabandite, sphalerite, and galena. Of infrequent occurrence, most commonly in veins with ga SMITHSONITE-Calamine lena. May be formed by direct crystallization from solutions carrying barium carbonate or by action of carbonated waters ZnC03. White or some shade of gray, green, blue, or brown. Luster vitreous to upon other barium minerals. dull and earthy. Subtransparent to opaque. H. = 5.5. G. = 4.3-4.45. Rhombohedral. Perfect rhombohedral cleavage. In curved and cavernous crusts or bands, and Yuma County-Castle Dome Mountains, as gangue in lead botryoidal or reniform masses, with granular or fibrous structure. Also as friable or earthy masses known as dry bone. ores, De Luce mine, Castle Dome district. Secondary, formed by action of carbonate waters upon zinc CERUSSITE sulfide or by reaction between sulfate waters and limestone. Generally in the oxidized zone and commonly accompanied by PbC03. White to gray. Luster' adamantine, vitreous, resinous, silky, or pearly. Transparent to subtranslucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 3-3.5. G. = 6.55. Orthorhom the zinc silicate, hemimorphite. In places an important zinc ore. bic, dipyramidal. Commonly as tabular, less commonly as prismatic or pyramidal Cochise County-Tombstone district, as tiny rhombohedral crystals. Distinct prismatic cleavage. Massive or granular, rarely fibrous. crystals, Toughnut mine. Turquoise district, as incrustations and A common secondary mineral of oxidized lead deposits, formed crystaline masses, Mystery and Silver Bell mines. by reaction between carbonated waters and lead minerals or Gila County-At the Curtin or Humphrey mine with cerussite solutions. Generally as a concentric layer about anglesite which and anglesite; also in the "79" mine. surrounds a core of unalterated galena. 50 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 51 Cochise County-at Tombstone, the most common lead mineral limestones are widely distributed in the state, and only a few of the district. Bisbee district, in Hendricks Gulch, as impure localities are listed here. "sand carbonate" bunches in limestone, near ,a fault fissure. Chir Cochise County-Tombstone district, as massive beds inter icahua Mountains, as large twinned crystals, Hilltop mine. The bedded with limestone and shale in the Naco formation. principal lead mineral of the Turquoise district. Coconino County-Analyses of the Kaibab limestone in the Gila County-The ore mineral at the London-Arizona mines, vicinity of Flagstaff show the formation there to be highly dolo Banner district. "79" mine, as "sand carbonate" and as beautifully mitic. Analyses of Kaibab limestone from Grand Canyon: I II crystallized material with anglesite, wulfenite, and vanadinite. Silica 34.10 17.00 Principal ore mineral at Definance mine, Globe-Miami area, asso Iron and alumina...... 1.60 1.00 Calcium carbonate 33.81 48.20 ciated with galena, anglesite. Magnesium carbonate 26.43 34.40 Graham County-Aravaipa and Stanley districts. -95.9'4 iOO.60 Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, Hormeyer mine, Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, as beds in the low with gold ore. est part of the Modoc formation, and in the upper part of the Maricopa County-At the Rainbow or Theba mine, near Theba. Morenci shales. Sparingly in the Longfellow limestones. Mohave County-Cerbat Range, Chloride, Mineral Park, and Pima County-Sierrita Mountains, San Xavier district, coarse Gold Basin districts, in some properties associated with free gold; ly crystallized material in fissures. Tennessee-Schuykill mine, Wallapai district. McCracken Peak, Yavapai County-Black Hills, a fairly abundant gangue min McCracken mine.. eral at the United Verde mine. Bradshaw Mountains, at the Tillie Pima County--Santa Rita Mountains, Golden Gate and Blue Starbuck mine. Hassayampa district, as small rhombohedrons Jay mines, Helvetia district; Greaterville district. Empire Moun coating walls of cavities. tains, Total Wreck and Hilton mines. Sierrita Mountains, San Yuma County-Harquahala Mountains, as a bed several feet Xavier district, as "sand carbonate"; Paymaster mine, Olive thick near the Bonanza mine. Camp, as massive and crystallized material. Silver Bell Moun tains, in silky crystals and as earthy mixtures with smithsonite, ANKERITE EI Tiro and other mines. Quijotoa Mountains, Morgan mine, with CaC03. (Mg,Fe,Mn) C03. White, gray, reddish. H. = 3.5. G. = 2.95-3.1. Rhombo cerargyrite. hedral. Perfect rhombohedral cleavage. Most commonly cleavable massive, granular, Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as magnificent twinned and or compact. reticulated crystal aggregates, Collins vein. A single crystal in Probably rather widely distributed in metamorphosed lime the collection of the U.S. National Museum at Washington ex stones and metallic veins of the state, but reported only from hibits the following forms: (001), (010), (100), (110), (130), those localities listed. (012), (023), (011), (032), (021), (031), (041), (051), (102), Gila County-Payson district, with tetrahedrite, Silver Butte (302), (111), (112), (211). Galiuro Mountains, Blue Bird and mine. other lead deposits, Copper Creek district; Saddle Mountain Yavapai County-Black Hills, in pyritic ore of the United group, Saddle Mountain district. Verde mine. Bradshaw Mountains, Arizona-National mine, Big Santa Cruz County-Santa Rita Mountains, Victor, Ivanhoe, Bug district; Howard Copper and Kay Copper properties, Black and Rosario properties, Tyndall district; American Boy mine, Canyon district; M and M veins, Tiger district; Tillie Starbuck Wrightson district. Patagonia Mountains, Flux and Domino mines mine, Hassayampa district, as small rhombohedrons associated as splendid crystals and as massive material at several other with dolomite in cavities. properties. Yavapai County-Black Hills, Copper Chief mine, Verde dis SCHROECKINGERITE trict. Bradshaw Mountains, Silver Belt mine, with cerargyrite in NaCa3(U02) (C03),(SO.)F.lOH20. Greenish yellow. Luster weakly vitreous, pearly on base. Transparent. H. = 2.5. G. = 2.51. Hexagonal (?). As clusters or globular ancient workings. aggregates of scales flattened on the base, sometimes with six-sided outline and in Yuma County-Trigo Mountains, Red Cloud mine, as crystal terfacial angles of about 60'. Perfect basal cleavage. Laminae flexible. Strong yellow specimens up to Ii inches long. Many of the crystals were arrow ish green fluorescence in ultraviolet light. "Dakeite" is the same mineral. shaped twins. Castle Dome Mountains, associated with anglesite Yavapai County-Hillside mine, occurring as a lfs inch coating and yellow and red lead oxides. on gypsum, with andersonite, bayleyite, and swartzite. Johannite and pitchblende reported from the same mine. DOLOMITE VOGLITE CaMg(C03)2. White, reddish, greenish white, rose-red, green, brown, gray, and black. Luster vitreous to pearly. Transparent to subtranslucent to opaque. H. = Ca"CuU(C03)o.6H20 (?). Emerald green to bright grass-green. Luster pearly. 3.5-4. G. = 2.85. Hexagonal, rhombohedral. Crystals of rhombohedral habit with Streak pale green. Triclinic. As coatings of scales. The scales are rhomboidal with curved faces. Perfect rhombohedral cleavage. Commonly coarse or fine granular an interior acute angle of 75'-80'. massive, resembling crystalline limestone or marble. Navajo County-Red Mesa district, near the Red Mesa Trad Most common as a rock, like limestone in occurrence. Also as ing Post. This is the only known occurrence outside of the ori a vein mineral with metalliferous ores. Dolomites and dolomitic ginal locality, near J oachimstal, Bohemia. 52 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 53 BAYLEYITE Pinal County-Superior district, as a white film on sphalerite from the 1,600-foot level, Magma mine. Also from the Hancock MgduOl) (COa),.18H20. Sulfur-yellow. As minute, short, prismatic crystals; also in acicular, divergent groups (artificial). G. == 2.05. Monoclinic. Fluoresces feebly in property, near Superior. ultraviolet light. Yuma County-Castle Dome Mountains, with gypsum in fis Yavapai County-As an efflorescence on the walls at the Hill sures, Senora claims. Castle Dome district, in vugs and channels, side mine, associated with schroeckingerite, andersonite, swartz associated with smithsonite, wulfenite, vanadinite and mimetite. ite, gypsum, johannite, and uraninite. AURICHALCITE SWARTZITE (Zn,Cu),(CO')2(OH)o. Pale green to sky-blue. Luster silky to pearly. Transparent. H. == 1-2. G. == 3.64. Orthorhombic. One perfect cleavage. As drusy incrustations or CaMg(U02) (COa)a.l2H20. Green. G. == 2.3. Monoclinic. As clusters of tiny as fibrous seams. prismatic crystals. Fluoresces bright green in ultraviolet light. A secondary mineral of oxidized copper and zinc ores. Yavapai County-With gypsum, schroeckingerite, bayleyite, Cochise County-Tombstone district, as plumose aggregates of andersonite, johannite, and uraninite as an efflorescence on the pale blue crystals on the west side of the Quarry "roll." Bisbee walls of the Hillside mine. district, in upper portions of the Copper Queen ore body. Tur quoise district, as incrustations and drusy linings of cavities in ANDERSONITE oxidized lead-silver deposits. Na,Ca(U02) (COa)a.6H20. Bright yellow-green. G. == 2.8. Hexagonal-rhombohedral. Pima County-Empire Mountains, as small radiating fibrous As clusters of minute pseudocubic crystals. Fluoresces a bright whitish-green in masses and seams with smithsonite and hemimorphite, Lone ultraviolet light. Stable on exposure. Mountainmine. Sierrita Mountains, in fissures in garnetized lime Yavapai County-Hillside mine, with gypsum, schroecking stone, San Xavier district. Waterman Mountains, Silver Hill mine. erite bayleyite, swartzite, johannite, and uraninite, as an efflores Pinal County-Vekol Mountains, Reward mine. cence on the walls. ROSASITE LIEBIGITE (Cu,Zn)2COa(OH)2. Bright green to sky-blue. In mammillary spherules which Ca,U(COa)•.10H20. Siskin-green to yellowish green. Luster vitreous, slightly break up into rectrangular plates. H. == 4.5. G. == 4.0-4.2. pearly on the cleavage. Transparent to translucent. H. == 2.5-3. G. == 2.41. Fluoreces green in ultraviolet light. Commonly as granular or scaly crusts. A rare mineral, in composition near the commoner aurichalcite. Cochise Couunty-Tombstone district, as bright green mam A secondary mineral sometimes associated with schroecking millary spherules in siliceous lining of vugs and between hemi erite. Reported from one of the diatremes of the Hopi-Navajo morphite crystals, Toughnut and Empire mines. country, but exact locality unknown. Pima County-Waterman Mountains, Silver Hill mine. LOSEYITE MALACHITE (Mn,Zn)dCOa)dOHho. Bluish white. H. == 3. G. == 3.27. Monoclinic. As elong ated crystals. CU2(OH)2C03. Color and streak green. Luster adamantine to earthy. Translucent to opaque. H. == 3.5-4. G. == 3.6-4.05. Monoclinic. Distinct crystals rare. Most com monly massive or incrusting, with botryoidal surface and a banded, divergent, or A rare mineral, previously reported only from Franklin, New fibrous structure. Jersey. Pima County-Waterman Mountains, at the Silver Hill mine, A common alteration product in oxidized copper deposits. with rosasite and smithsonite. Generally associated with other secondary copper minerals, par ticularly azurite, cuprite, and tenorite. Only the more important HYDROZINCITE occurrences are listed. Cochise County-Bisbee district, as magnificent specimens (Zn"COa)2(OH)". White, grayish, or yellowish. H. == 2-2.5. G. == 3.58-3.8. Mono clinic. Crystals minute, thin blades. Massive, fibrous, earthy, or compact, commonly from the Copper Queen mine, one of the outstanding American as incrustations. Luster dull to earthy. Fluoresces pale blue or lilac in ultraviolet localities, commonly as geodes lined with velvety crystals. Court light. land-Gleeson district, in large masses at the Maid of Sunshine A secondary mineral formed from alteration of sphalerite. mine, in some places as small but superb crystals. Generally associated with smithsonite but less common. Coconino County-Kaibab Plateau, impregnated in chert beds Cochise County-Tombstone district, in a small seam with au of wide extent. richalcite and hemimorphite on the west side of the Quarry "roll." Gila County-Globe district, a considerable part of the ore Coconino County-Havasu Canyon, with other secondary min of the Buffalo, Big Johnny, Buckeye, and other mines, but no erals of lead and zinc. where in large masses. Miami district, Inspiration mine, as mala Maricopa County-As a supergene mineral in the pegmatites chite, chrysocolla, chalcedony, and quartz aggregates of great of the White Picacho district, from the alteration of sphalerite, beauty. Payson district, as stout prismatic crystals in porous and associated with hemimorphite. quartz, Silver Butte mine. 54 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 55 Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, one of the most Gila County--Payson district, as crystallized masses at the c?mmon oxidized ores in the limestone deposits, intimately asso Silver Butte, Golden Wonder, and Bishops Knoll mines. cIated with kaolin, limonite, azurite, and brochantite. Fine radiat Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, as large bodies in ing groups of crystals were obtained from the Standard mine, the Longfellow, Detroit, Manganese Blue, and Shannon mines. near Metcalf. Sheaflike and spherical masses, up to 40 pounds in weight, were Navajo County-White Mesa district, as irregular masses in found in cavities or in kaolinized shale. beds of standstone. Pima County-Sierrita Mountains, common in the San Xavier Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, as globular masses and district. Santa Rita Mountains, as fine crystallized specimens from veinlets, Rosemont. Sierrita Mountains, abundant in the San the Copper Mountains prospect of the Anaconda group. Xavier district, and the most important 'oxidized mineral at Pinal County-Superior district, as small but beautifully crys Mineral Hill. tallized groups in the open cut at the Silver King mine. Yavapai County-Black Hills, as fine specimen material with Yavapai County-Black Hills, as fine specimen material from crystallized azurite, Yeager mine. the Yaeger mine, Black Hills district. Yuma County-Buckskin Mountains, Planet mine. HYDROCERUSSITE PHOSGENITE Pb3(C03)2(OHh. Colorless to snow-white. Transparent to translucent. H. = 3.5. G. =: 6.8. As thin platy or stout pyramidal crystals. (Pb,CI\2C03. White, gray, yellow. Luster adamantine. Transparent to translucent. Streak whIte. H. 2.75-3. G. 6-6.3. Tetragonal. In prismatic crystals with basal cleavage. = = A rare mineral of secondary origin usually found with other alteration products of lead sulfide. A rare secondary mineral, generally with cerussite in oxidized Pinal County-Mammoth mine, Collins vein, as snow-white lead deposits. hexagonal pyramids accompanying diaboleite and leadhillite. . Pinr:l Cou;ntY-Mammoth mine, as slender prismatic crystals wIth dl3'bolelte, 400-foot level, Collins vein. BEYERITE Ca(BiO)2(C03h. Crystals bright yellow to lemon-yellow; massive material BISMUTITE yellowish white, grayish green or gray. Luster vitreous in crystals. H. = 2-3. G. = 6.56. Tetragonal. (BiO)2(C03). White, green, yellow and gray. Luster vitreous to dull. H. = 2.5-3.5. G. = 6.1-8.3. Tetragonal . As mcrustations and earthy or compact masses. Mm'icopa and Yavapai Counties-White Picacho district, as grayish green films on bismutite and bismuth (?), also as dense Of secondary origin, generally formed by alteration of bis masses and pearly white flakes in small cavities. muthinite or native bismuth, but probably mav form from any bismuth mineral. v LEADHILLITE . M,aricopa County-In the Outpost pegmatite, White Picacho dIstrIct. Pb4(C03hSO.(OH)2_ White, yellow, green, blue, or gray. Luster adamantine, resin ous and pearly. Transparent to translucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 2.5. G. =: 6.26-6.44. Mohave County-Hualpai Mountains, east of Yucca. Monoclinic. Perfect basal cleavage. In tabular crystals or cleavable masses. Yavapai County-Eureka district, in prospects at the Granites, near the Bagdad mine, with bismuthinite. A rare secondary mineral of oxidized lead deposits. Closely resembles cerussite. Cochise County-Bisbee district, locality and mode of occur AZURITE rence unknown. One fine specimen was found in 1942 on the dump of the old Manila mine on the Tombstone-Charleston road, ad CU3(C03h(OHb. Azure-blue to Berlin-blue. Luster vitreous to silky. Transparent to subtranslucent. Streak blue. H. = 3.5-4. G. = 3.77. Monoclinic. Characteristically joining the Gallagher mines, about one mile from the Charleston m aggregates of small crystals. Two perfect cleavages. Also massive or dull and earthy. railroad crossing. Pinal County-Mammoth mine, with other rare minerals, 400 Of secondary origin, formed by action of carbonated waters foot level of the Collins vein as crystals with brilliant basal cleav upon copper minerals or of copper solutions upon limestone. age. Some of the crystals are prismatic, composed of sectors of Commonly found in oxidized copper ores, associated with mala monoclinic symmetry; others are pseudorhombohedral or tabular, chite, limonite, cuprite, and n"ative copper. composed of 2, 3, or 6 individuals, twined according to the Artini Cochise County-Bisbee district, as magnificent crystal speci law. mens at the Copper Queen mine, one of the outstanding American localities. Courtland-Gleeson district, in small amount and as SODA NITER-Nitratine large crystallized masses. NaN03. White, reddish brown, gray, and lemon-yellow. Luster vitreous. Trans Coconino County-Kaibab Plateau, as an extensive impreg parent to translucent. H. = 1-2. G. = 2.29. Taste cooling. Hegagonal, scalenohedral. nation in chert beds. Perfect rhombohedral cleavage. Massive, as incrustations, or in beds. 56 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 57 The main source of commercial nitrates. Formed by evapora SULFATES, CHROMATES, TELLURITES tion of ground-waters in arid climate, deposits commonly in beds. Thenardite Pisantite Brochantite Ettringite Mohave County-Rawhide Mountains, reported 3 miles south Barite Epsomite Antlerite Zippeite of Artillery Peak. Celestite Goslarite Linarite Johannite Anglesite Morenosite Alunite Butlerite NITER-Saltpeter Anhydrite Ransomite Jarosite Guildite Glauberite Roemerite Natrojarosite Copiapite KN03. Colorless to white. Luster vitreous. Translucent. H. = 2. G. = 2.09-2.14. Orthorhombic, prismatic. Perfect domal cleavage. In thin crusts and silky tufts. Rhomboclase Pickeringite Beaverite Caledonite Mirabilite Halotrichite Plumbojarosite Wherryite A product of evaporation or formed from guano or by action Voltaite Lausenite Connellite Emmonsite of bacteria upon other animal remains. In some caves or old mine Gypsum Kornelite Spangolite Crocoite workings, generally in such small amount as to escape observation. Chalcanthite Coquimbite Cyanotrichite Phoenicochroite Coconino County-Walnut Canyon, as a thin white covering Melanterite Alunogen Chalcoalumite Vauquelinite on limestone shelves in ancient cliff dwellings. Pinal County-Galil11'o Mountains, Aravaipa Canyon, as thin THENARDITE crusts and in cracks below caves. Na2S0.. White, grayish, or brownish. Luster vitreous. ~anslucent to opa9.ue. Streak white. Water soluble. H. = 2.7. G. = 2.68. OrthorhombIc. Crystals pyramIdal, Graham County-Peloncillo Mountains, associated with caves. short prismatic, or tabular. Good basal cleavage. In cleavable masses. Formed by evaporation of salt lakes, commonly along the NITROCALCITE shores. Coconino County-As tufts in ice caves at Sunset Crater. Ca(N03)2.4H20. Colorless to white. Transparent. Soft. G. = 1.9. Monoclinic. One perfect cleavage. In efflorescent silky tufts and masses. Pinal County-Near Maricopa. Yavapai County-Verde Valley, as extensive beds in the salt Generally in limestone caverns, probably formed from calcium deposits 3 miles southwest of Camp Verde. carbonate and guano or other animal remains. Gila and Pinal Counties-In fissures up to 6 or 8 inches wide BARITE in Mississippian limestone along the Gila River 2 miles above BaSO•. Vvhite, yellow, gray, blue, red, or brown. Luster vitreous. Transparent to Winkelman. translucent. Streak white. H. = 3-3.5. G. = 4.5. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Crystals tabular or prismatic. Perfect basal and prismatic cleavage. Granular massive, lamellar, or concretionary. GERHARDTITE As a gangue mineral with sulfide ores. Also in veins or massive beds. Only the more important occurrences are listed. CU2N03(OH)3. Emerald green. Transparent. H. = 2. G. = 3.43. Orthorhombic. Two perfect cleavages. As pyramidal orthorhombic crystals and in mammillary Cochise County-Tombstone district, Ground Hog mine,as a coatings. vein, and near the Lucky Cuss mine as white crystals. Dragoon A secondary mineral formed in small amount in oxidized cop Mountains, as veins, Middle Pass. per deposits under arid or semiarid conditions. Accompanies such Coconino County-Grand Canyon, as crystal masses in caves, minerals as atacamite, bronchantite, and copper carbonates. Kaibab Trail. Greenlee County-On cliffs of granite porphyry in Chase Gila County-Richmond Basin, abundant in veins. In small Creek Canyon, as a bright green coating of small, roughly mam amounts with fluorite at the Castle Dome mine. Reported in a millary forms. vein about 500 feet long near the Coolidge Dam, associated with Yavapai County-United Verde mine, as small crystals along galena. fractures in massive cuprite. Analyzed by R. C. Wells as follows: Graham County-Stanley district, abundant in several veins near Stanley Butte. Reported south of Klondyke. H20 CuO Total Mm'icopa County-Goldfield Mountains, as veins, Arizona Ba 11.49 66.26 100.00 rite mine. At the Rainbow or Theba mine near Theba. Mohave County-Reported 20 miles from Boulder Dam. Aqua COLEMANITE rius Range, as veins. Near Alamo crossing, as veins. Mountains, Cobabi district, with ga C Yuma County-Trigo Mountains, Mendevil claims, in veins. Anhydrite is usually found in beds associated with salt de Castle Dome Mountains, in many veins, and as large, clear crys posits, limestone, or gypsum, but is not nearly so common as the tals with wulfenite and fluorite, Castle Dome mines. Mohawk latter. Mountains, Barite mine, as white to pink radiating crystals in cal Gila County-Dripping Spring Mountains, Christmas Copper cite veins. At Cottonwood Pass, near Salome. Company, as a fairly abundant constituent of diamond drill cores between the 1,000- and 1,200-foot levels. CELESTITE GLAUBERITE SrSO, White or bluish; reddish. Luster vitreous to pearly. Transparent to trans lucent. H. = 3-3.25. G. = 3.95-3.97. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Crystals like barite. Na,Ca(SO,),. Pale yellow to gray; also brick-red. Luster vitreous. Transparent Perfect basal, nearly perfect prismatic cleavage. Fibrous, columnar, and granular to translucent. Streak white, Taste slightly saline. H. = 2.5-3. G. = 2.7-2.85. Mono massive. clinic. Crystals thin tabular. Perfect basal cleavage. In veins, beds, or lenticular masses in limestone or sandstone. Found in small quantities in salt beds. Also with gypsum and halite, and in gangue of lead-zinc ores. Yavapai County-In salt deposits of the Verde Valley, 3 miles Maricopa County-With gypsum in sandstone and conglom southwest of Camp Verde. erate 15 miles south of Gila Bend. In fanglomerate, northeast slope of the Vulture Mountains, 15 miles southeast of Aguila. RHOMBOCLASE Yuma County-Plomosa district, with lead and silver ores. Fe2(SO,)4.9H20. Clear and colorless to gray and opaque. H. = 2. Orthorhombic (?). Basal cleavage. Most commonly in rhombic plates. ANGLESITE A rare secondary mineral formed from highly acid sulfate PbSO,. Vlhite; also yellow, brown, or gray. Luster adamantine to dull. Trans solutions. parent to translucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 3. G. = 6.2-6.4. Orthorhombic, dipyra midal. Crystals prismatic or tabular. Distinct basal and prismatic cleavage. Granular Cochise County-Bisbee district, in porous crusts, Copper to compact massive. Queen mine. Abundant in oxidized lead deposits, most commonly as masses surrounding galena and cerussite. MIRABILITE district, with galena, Tombstone Cochise .County-Tombstone Na2S0,.10H20. White. Luster vitreous. Transparent to opaque. Streak white. Extension mine. Dragoon Mountains, as crystals in cavities, Silver Taste cool, then saline and bitter. Water soluble. H. = 1.5-2. G. = 1.481. Monoclinic. Bill mine. Crystals like pyroxene in habit and angle. Generally in efflorescent crusts. Gila County-Dripping Spring Mountains, in large quantity Formed most commonly by evaporation of salt lakes, but also with cerussite, wulfenite, and vanadinite, "79" mine, Banner dis found in old mine workings. trict. Globe district, Lost Gulch mine, Defiance mine. Yavapai County-In salt deposits of the Verde Valley, with Graham County-Aravaipa and Stanley districts. halite, thenardite, and glauberite. Maricopa County-As nodules one to three inches in diameter in the dumps of the Montezuma and Prodigal mines west of VOLTAITE Morristown. At the Rainbow or Theba mine, near Theba. (K2Fe") (AI,Fe''')o(SO,)3.9H20 (?). Dull oil-green to brown or black. H. = 3-4. Mohave County-Cerbat Range, at the Tennessee-Schuykill G. = 2.8. Isometric (?). Generally in octahedral crystals. mine, Wallapai district; in several mines of the Mineral Park An uncommon mineral formed in oxidized sulfide ore bodies, district. on walls of old mine workings, and under fumarolic conditions. Pima County-Empire Mountains, in the mines of the Hilton Cochise County-Bisbee district, in irregular porous crusts group. Sierrita Mountains, abundant at the Paymaster mine, several inches thick in the Copper Queen mine, with coquimbite, Olive Camp. Quijotoa Mountains, at the Morgan mine. roemerite,copiapite, kornelite, and rhomboclase. Pinal County-Galiuro Mountains, at the Saddle Mountain Yavapai County-Black Hills, United Verde mine, as black group. At the Mammoth mine. resinous cubo-octahedral crystals up to 5 millimeters in length, Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, at the Westing formed as a result of burning of pyritic ore. house and Mowry mines. Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, in the Copperopolis GYPSUM mine, Castle Creek district. Yuma County-Castle Dome Mountains, Castle Dome district. CaSO,.2H20. White; also gray, reddish, yellowish, brown, or black. Luster vitreous to satiny. Transparent to translucent. H. = 2. G. = 2.32. Monoclinic. Crystals tabular or prismatic. Perfect clinopinacoidal cleavage, yielding thin plates. Massive to ANHYDRITE earthy. Alabaster is fine-grained, selenite clear and lustrous, satin spar is fibrous. The commonest sulfate mineral. Most abundant in beds in CaSO,. White; but may be grayish, bluish, or reddish. Luster vitreous to pearly on cleavage. Transparent to translucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 3-3.5. G = sedimentary rocks, formed by evaporation of salt waters or by 2.89-2.98. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Crystals rare, usually in crystalline masses with rectangular cleavage; also fibrous, granular, massive. alteration of anhydrite. Also found in oxidized sulfide ores. r 60 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 61 Cochise County-Near Douglas, mined for plaster and other MELANTERITE gypsum products. Analysis by Arizona Gypsum Plaster Co., as FeSO•.7HoO. Green to white; becomes yellowish on exposure. Luster vitreous. follows: SUbtransparent to translucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 2. G. = 1.89-1.90. Monoclinic. Perfect basal, less perfect prismatic cleavage. Fibrous, massive, or earthy. CaO S03 CaS 0 Fe203+Mn20o Si02 H20 31.00 44.17 79.05 1.00 1.60 21.86 Formed from oxidation of iron sulfides. Sulphur Spring Valley, as beds in recent lake sediments. San Gila County-In the "79" mine as spotty massive incrustations Pedro Valley, deposits reported both north and south of Benson. associated with pyrite on the 6th level. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, common in oxi Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, sparingly in the dized deposits in limestone. upper mine levels. . Maricopa County-Fifteen miles south of Gila Bend, as beds Pima County~Sierrita Mountains, as efflorescence on walls m standstone and conglomerate, with celestite. Reported from the of old workings, Mineral Hill district. Superstition Mountains. . Mohave. County-Adundant in the Virgin Valley badlands, as PISANITE ~hlCk beds m South Mountain and Quail Canyon. Williams River, (Fe Cu) SO•.7H20. Blue. Luster vitreous. H. = 1-2. Monoclinic. Basal cleavage. m ?eds nor~heast of the Planet mine. As satin spar, Mammoth In long' slender prisms and concretionary or stalactitic forms. claIm, 60 mIles southeast of Kingman. A secondary mineral formed from oxidation of iron and cop Navajo County-Near Winslow, mined for several years. As per sulfides. Generally of recent formation. large. plates of selenite, Fort Apache Indian Reservation. Gila County-Globe district, 15th level, Old Dominion mine. Ptma County-Empire, Santa Rita, and Sierrita mountains, as Pima County-Silver Bell Mountains, in small amounts, EI beds up to 50 feet thick below the Snyder Hill limestone. Santa Tiro mine. Catalina Mountains, foothills north of Tucson. In recent sedi ments near Vail. EPSOMITE-Epsom Salt Pinal County-As thick beds in lake deposits near Feldman MgSO.7ILJO. White or colorless. Luster vitreous to earthy. Transparent to trans lucent. Streak white. H. = 2-2.5. G. = 1.75. Taste bitter. Orthorhombic, disphenoidal. and Redington. Galiuro Mountains, Copper Creek district as Cleavage perfect brachypinacoidal. As long slender fibers, fibrous crusts, or layers in Gila conglomerate. ' botryoidal masses. Yavapai County-In salt deposits of the Verde Valley. Generally as efflorescence in old mine workings or natural Yuma County-~lomosaMountains, at Mudersbach camp, as a caves. bed several feet thIck. Eastern foot of Harquahala Mountains Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, as delicate efflor as beds. ' escence on the walls of tunnels. Pima County-Silver Bell Mountains, as capillary hairs, EI Tiro mine. Also in the Pima district. CHA:LCANTHITE GOSLARITE CuSO•.5H20. Deep azure-blue. Luster vitreous. Transparent to translucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 2.5. G. = 2.12-2.3. Triclinic. With stalactitic reniform fibrous or ZnSO.7H20. White, reddish, yellowish. H. = 2. G. = 2. Orthorhombic-sphenoidal. compact structure. ' , Crystals acicular or hairlike. Perfect brachypinacoidal cleavage. Massive or as in crustations. Cuprogosfarite is a blue variety containing copper. Generally deposited from mine waters in cavities in the oxi dized zones. Formed by decomposition of sphalerite, or by action of sulfate Cochise County-Bisbee district, as stalactites and fibrous waters upon smithsonite. Most common on walls of old mine crusts in old mine workings. workings. Gila County-Globe district, as stalactites or as a coating on Gila County-Globe district, as efflorescence, Continental and floors of old openings, Old Dominion mine. Old Dominion mines. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district as small bodies in Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, as efflorescence, th~ oxidized ores of Copper Mountain and a~ stalactites nearly Arizona Central mine. fillmg one of the upper drifts, Jay shaft. Mohave County-Chloride district, at the De la Fontaine pro Mohave County-As a common secondary mineral in the perty. Wallapai district. Pima County-As cuprogoslarite in old workings, Silver Bell Pi;na C01fnty-Silve~ Bt:;ll Mountains, as thick coatings in old district. workmgs, SlIver Bell dIstrIct. Santa Rita Mountains Rosemont MORENOSITE as fibrous veins. " NiSO..7H20. Apple-green to greenish white. Transparent when fresh. Luster Pinal County-Galiuro Mountains, as coatings on walls of vitreous. Conchoidal fracture. Streak white, faintly greenish. H. = 2-2.5. G. = 1.953. drifts and in fractures, Old Reliable and Copper Giant mines. Orthorhombic. Taste metallic astringent. Yavapai County-United Verde mine, as stalactites up to 2 A secondary mineral formed by oxidation of nickel-bearing feet. long. Cr~wn King district, on timbers in the dump of the sulfides. Sprmgfield mme, as fine crystals. Also in the Copper Creek area. Maricopa County-Reported from near Wickenburg. ------~~-~~------~~~~~-- 62 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 63 RANSOMlTE Cochise County-Bisbee district, as porous crusts in the Cop per Queen mine. Cu(Fe,Al)2(SO.) •.7H20 (?). Sky-blue. H. = 2.5. G. = 2.632. Orthorhombic. Perfect cleavage. In slender prisms. Yavapai County-At the United Verde mine, as a result of burning of pyritic ore. Also near Prescott. Yavapai County-United Verde mine, as crusts and small tufts of crystals formed as a result of burning of pyritic ore. ALUNOGEN ROEMERlTE-Louderbackite Ab(SO.)3.16H20. White, yellow, or red. H. = 1.5-2. G. = 1.65. Monoclinic or tri clinic. As rosette~ of thin crystals; also as fibrous masses or crusts. Fe"F:e(' .(SO.) •.14H20. Chestnut-brown. Taste saline, astringent. H. = 3-3.5. G. = 2.15. TrIclImc. Crystals tabular. Granular, massive, or as crusts. Formed under fumarolic conditions or by decomposition of pyrite. An uncommon mineral found on walls of old mine workings. Yavapai County-United Verde mine, as small crystal aggre Cochis.e County-Bisbee district, in porous crusts, Copper Queen mme. gates formed from burning of pyritic ore. Yavapai County-Black Hills, United Verde mine formed under fumarolic conditions as a result of burning of pyritic ore. BROCHANTlTE Relatively rare. As thin crusts on pyrite. Cu. (OH) ,so.. Emerald-green to dark green. Luster vitreous. Transparent to translucent. Streak green. H. = 3.5-4. G. = 3.9. Orthorhombic. Crystals prismatic or flattened. Perfect brachypinacoidal cleavage. Massive, with reniform structure. PICKERINGITE A common secondary mineral in oxidized copper deposits. MgSO,.Ab(SO.)•.22H20. Colorless, yellowish to red. H. = 1. G. = 1.85. Monoclinic. In long fibers, fibrous masses, or as efflorescences. Generally confused with malachite, with which it is commonly associated. .A weathering product of pyritic schists, usually associated Cochise County-Bisbee district, widely distributed as an in wIth other members of the alum group of minerals. tergrowth with malachite; in magnificent coarse crystalline mass Cochise County-Reported to occur in large quantities some es at the Shattuck mine. Tombstone district, as needlelike crystals 30 miles east of Douglas. lining vugs in cuprite. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, abundant as an in HALOTRICHITE tergrowth with malachite, less commonly as crystals. Mohave County-Grand Wash Cliffs, Grand Gulch mine, Bent- FeAb(S04)•.22H20. Yellowish. H. = 2. G. = 1.9. Monoclinic. In silky fibrous forms. ley district. Comtnonly formed from weathering of rocks containing dis Pima County-Silver Bell district. seminated pyrite, but also by action of sulfate waters upon rocks Pinal County-Galiuro Mountains, Copper Creek district. containing potassium and aluminum silicates. Yavapai County-Black Hills, United Verde mine. Cochise County-Tombstone district, as material previously Yuma County-Buckskin Mountains, Mineral Hill property. identified as ettringite. ANTLERITE LAUSENITE CU3(OH).SO•. Emerald to blackish green. Luster vitreous. Transparent to trans lucent. H. = 3.5-4. G. = 3.9. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Crystals slender prismatic, Fe2(SO.)a.6H20. White. Monoclinic. In aggregates of minute, silky fibers. vertically striated; often acicular. Also in parallel aggregates, reniform or massive. Yavapai County-United Verde mine, formed as a result of A rare secondary mineral, generally mistaken for brochan- burning of pyritic ore. tite, which it resembles. Cochise County-Bisbee district, with brochantite. KORNELITE Greenlee County-Reported from the Morenci district. Mohave County-Hualpai Mountains, at the Antler mine, !i'e2(S04)?7H2q. Pale rose or violet. Silky luster. G. = 2.306. Orthorhombic. Pris from which it was first described, as soft green lumps. matic and pmacOldal cleavage. As prismatic or fibrous tufts. A rare mineral formed by evaporation in old mine workings. Cochise County-Bisbee district, in irregular porous crusts, LINARITE Copper Queen mine. (Pb,Cu)2(OH)2S0•. Deep azure-blue. Luster vitreous. SUbtranslucent. Streak pale blue. H. = 2.5. G. = 5.4. Monoclinic. Perfect orthopinacoidal cleavage. Most COQUIMBITE commonly as columnar or platy masses. An uncommon secondary mineral generally mistaken for . Fe2(So.h,9H20. :White, yellowish, brownish. H. = 2-3. G. = 2.1. Rhombohedral or trIgonal, Perfect prIsmatic cleavage. As granular masses or crusts. azurite. Graham County-Aravaipa district, in the Tenstrike group. An uncommon mineral formed in oxidized sulfide ores, in old Maricopa County-At the Rainbow or Theba mine near Theba; mine workings, or under fumarolic conditions. also in the Old Rowley mine 18 miles northwest of Theba. MINERALS OF ARIZONA 65 64 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA BEAVERITE Pinal County-Mammoth mine, with cerussite and wulfenite. CuPbFedSO.) 3.4H20. Canary-yellow. Hexagonal. In microscopic plates. In places as perfect crystals with the forms (110), (101), (i01) , (001), (111), (201), (212). Rare. Formed in oxidized lead-copper deposits. . Cochise County-Tombstone district, in small quantities with ALUNITE cerussite, Empire and Toughnut mines. KAb(OH)o(S04),. White, grayish, or reddish. Luster vitreous to earthy. Trans parent to translucent. Streak white. H. = 4. G. = 2.6-2.8. Hexagonal, scalenohedral. PLUMBOJAROSITE Crystals high-angle rhombs. Distinct basal cleavage. Massive, with granular or impalpable texture. PbFeu(OHj,2(S04) •. Dark brown. G. = 3.7. Rhombohedral. Crystals small and Most abundant in wall rocks of sulfide ore bodies, formed by tabular. Rhombohedral cleavage. Compact to earthy. solutions under high pressure and temperature. Similar to jarosite in origin and occurrence, but less abundant. Gila County-Globe district, as veins in diabase, Old Dominion Cochise County-Tombstone district, abundant in brown oxide mine. Dripping Spring Mountains, Apex mine, Banner district. ore of the Holderness "roll." Material from the Empire mine ~re~nlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, Ryerson mine as assayed 58.92 ounces of silver, from the Toughnut mine up to 200 gram~, Irregular masses, and fibrous aggregates in altered porphry. ounces. Ptma County-Associated with jarosite in veins of the Oxide Pima County-Empire Mountains, as earthy masses, Hilton district, Silver Bell Mountains. mines. Sierrita Mountains, San Xavier district. Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, as alunitization of Mohave County-Cerbat Range, Tennessee-Schuykill mine. As wall rock, 3R mine. a secondary mineral in the Wallapai district. Yuma County-Sugarloaf Butte, near Quartzsite, as irregular veins in dacite. Partial analysis by F. S. Wartman as follows: CONNELLITE Ah03 sen Na20 Si02 36.5 38.1 CU22CI4(OH),2S04H20 (?). Deep blue. Tran~luc.en~. H .. = 3..G. = 3.4. ~exagonal. 4.3 1.2 As slender, prismatic crystal aggregates. Footette IS IdentIcal wIth conneillte. JAROSITE A secondary mineral of considerable rarity from oxidized cop KFe3(OH)o(S04)2. Yellow to brown. Luster vitreous, silky, dull. Streak yellow. per deposits, generally in small cavities in cuprite. H. = 2.5-3.5. G. = 3.15-3.26. Rhombohedral. Distinct basal cleavage, yielding mica Cochise County-Bisbee district, Copper Queen, Calumet and ceous flakes. Most commonly in scaly masses or crusts. Arizona, and Czar mines, as small radiating aggregates of slender A secondary mineral of common occurrence in oxidized sul crystals. Analysis by W. M. Bradley as follows: fide bodies. CuO CI so, N205 H20 Total Cochise County-Tombstone district, abundant in the Tough 73.38 6.82 3.15 0.72 17.13 101.20 nut and Empire mines. Turquoise district, as small flaky bunches. Tombstone district, as small clusters of crystals in cuprite, Tough Commonwealth mine, Pearce, with cerargyrite and native silver. nut mine. Gila County-As a supergene mineral in the Castle Dome Pima County-At Ajo, in a vug lined with cuprite crystals. mine. Maricopa County-Vulture Mountains, as minute transparent SPANGOLITE crystals, Vulture mine. Analysis by S. F. Penfield as follows: CUoAICISO,o9H20. Dark green. H. = 2.5. G. = 3.1. Hexagonal. In small tabular or short hemimorphic crystals with basal cleavage. SO:, &0 Na20 Total 30.42 iI.53 0.28 100.41 A rare mineral, originally described from an unknown locality Also from the Black Rock mine, Vulture district. thought to be in Pinal County, near Globe. As crystals on a Mohave County-As a secondary mineral in the Wallapai dis rounded mass of impure cuprite. trict. Cochise County-Czar mine, Bisbee, in a cuprite-azurite mix Pima County-Empire Mountains, Total Wreck mine, with ture with readily identifiable spots of spangolite up to 1Js inch wulfenite, vanadinite, and cerargyrite; in the Hilton mines with in diameter. cerussite and smithsonite. With alunite in the Oxide district, Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, as a scaly coating Silver Bell Mountains. on chrysocolla from Metcalf. Yuma County-Ajo district, as yellow coatings. CYANOTRICHITE-Lettsomite NATROJAROSITE Cu,AbS04.8lliO. Bright blue. G. = 2.74. Orthorhombic. In velvetlike druses or Na2Feo(OH),2(S04)4. Yellowish brown. H. = 3. G. = 3.2 Hexagonal, rhombohe spherical forms. dral. Usually as a glistening yellow-brown powder made up of minute crystals. A rare secondary mineral of some oxidized copper ores. A secondary mineral similar in occurrence to jarosite. Coconino County-Grand Canyon, Grandview mine, in me Gila County-From the vicinity of Globe, exact locality un thyl-blue capillary crystals; also from the Last Chance mine. known. Greenlee CO'unty-Clifton-Morenci district. Mohave County-From near Kingman. 66 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 67 CHALCOALUMITE Yavapai County-United Verde mine, as incrustations, crystals CuAbSO,.9H,O. Turquoise-green. H. = 2.5. G. = 2.29. Probably triclinic. Several or crystalline masses formed by burning of pyritic ore. perfect cleavages. In matted fibrous crusts. A rare secondary mineral found in a few oxidized copper CALEDONITE deposits. A basic sulfate-carbonate of lead and copper. Deep bluish green to pale blue. Luster vitreous to adamantine. H. = 2.5-3. G. = 5.64-6.4. Orthorhombic. Perfect Cochise County-Bisbee district, from which it was described basal, distinct pinacoidal, cleavage. In prismatic crystals striated vertically, or in in 1925, as delicate crusts on brown limonitic material. confused crystal masses. A secondary mineral of rare occurrence. ETTRINGITE Maricopa County-At the Rainbow or Theba mine near Theba; Call~b(S04).(O~)J,.26FGO. Colorless and transparent, becoming white and opaque also in the Old Rowley mine, 18 miles northwest of Theba, with on partial dehydratIOn. H. = 2-2.5. G. = 1.77. linarite. Cochise County-As an alteration of calcium and aluminum Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as excellent crystals, 400-foot silicates in the Lucky Cuss mine, Tombstone. level, Collins vein. Forms: (100), (120), (010), (101), (111), (131), (011). ZIPPElTE (U02).(S04)O.nH,O. Orange-yellow. Probably orthorhombic. Fluoresces green. WHERRYITE As fragile crusts and reniform or spheroidal aggregates composed of microscopic crystals. Luster dull to silky. Pb,Cu(COa) (S04)2(OH,CI),O (?). Light green. G. = 6.45. Massive, fine granular. An alteration product of uraninite. Pinal County-Mammoth mine, in a vug on the 760-foot level Coconino County-Cameron district, on the Huskon No.7 and with leadhillite, paralaurionite, diaboleite, chrysocolla and cerus No. 8 claims. site. Navajo County-Holbrook district, on the Ruth Group claims. EMMONSITE Probably a hydrated ferric tellurite. Yellow green. H. = 5. Monoclinic. In thin JOHANNITE scales. CU(U02)2(S04)2(OH)2.6H20. Emerald-green to apple-green. Transparent to trans A rare alteration product of other telluride minerals. lucent. Streak paler. H. = 2-2.5. G. = 3.32. Not brittle. Taste bitter. Triclinic. As subparallel or drusy aggregates. Cochise County-Tombstone district. A secondary mineral formed by the alteration of uraninite CROCOITE and associated with gypsum. PbCr04. Bright hyacinth red. Luster adamantine. Translucent. Streak orange Yavapai County-Reported to occur with several other uran yellow. H. = 2.5-3. G. = 5.9-6.1. Monoclinic. Crystals. prismatic, slender and verti ium minerals in the Hillside mine. cally striated. Distinct prismatic cleavage. Columnar and granular massive. An unusual secondary mineral of oxidized lead deposits, BUTLERITE formed by action of chromic acid. (Fe,AI)2(S04)2.5H,O. Deep orange. Orthorhombic. Brachypinacoidal cleavage. In Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, as a single speci minute pyramidal crystals. men from an undisclosed locality. Yavapai County-United Verde mine, as a thin crystalline Maricopa County-Collateral, Chromate, Blue Jay and Phoe coating formed as a result of burning of pyritic ore. nix claims east of the present location of the Trilby Wash. South west of the Vulture mine, in the Black Rock claim. Also reported GUILDITE from near the Hassayampa River upstream from Amazon Wash. (Cu,Fe") (Fe"',AI)2(S04)2.9H,O (?). Deep chestnut-brown. H. = 2.5. G. = 2.725. Pinal County-Mammoth mine, in small amounts with vana ~~~t.clinic. Perfect basal and orthopinacoidal cleavage. In crystals with a cubic dium and wulfenite. Yuma County-Reported from the Castle Dome Mountains. Yavapai County-Black Hills, United Verde mine, under fu maroUc conditions as a result of burning of pyritic ore. Relatively PHOENICOCHROITE rare. Crystals up to Ih centimeter in width. Pb.Cr,On. Cochineal- to hyacinth-red. H. = 3. G. = 5.75. Orthorhombic. One per fect cleavage. As crystals and massive material. COPIAPITE A rare secondary mineral accompanying crocoite in oxidized Fe4(OH).(S04)n.18H20 (?). Sulfur-yellow to citron-yellow. Luster pearly. Trans lead deposits. lucent. H. = 2.5. G. = 2.1. Orthorhombic. Basal cleavage. In loose aggregates of crystalline scales, granular masses, or incrustations. Maricopa County-Collateral, Chromate, Blue Jay and Phoe nix claims east of the present location of Trilby Wash. The most common ferric sulfate, formed under a variety of conditions. Probably more widely distributed in the state than VAUQUELINlTE the localities listed indicate. (Pb,Cu)r.(PO.).(Cr04), (?). Green to brown. H. = 2.5-3. G. = 6. Monoclinic. In Cochise County-Bisbee district, in porous crusts. Copper crystals, mammillary, and reniform masses. Queen mine. A rare secondary mineral of oxidized lead deposits. Pima County-Sierrita Mountains, as silky fibers and foliated Maricopa County-Collateral, Chromate, Blue Jay and Phoe masses, Mineral Hill district. nix claims east of the present location of Trilby Wash. 68 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 69 Yavapai County-White Picacho district; occurs locally be PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANDATES, ANTIMONATES tween crystals of lithiophilite and triphylite and a coating of sicklerite, also as crystalline aggregates in fractures in the crys Triphylite Scorodite Libethenite Bermanite tals. Amber to flesh-colored. Lithiophilite Pseudomalachite Apatite Torbernite Sicklerite Conichalcite Pyromorphite Autunite STEWARTITE Purpurite Descloizite Mimetite Sabugalite Monazite Mottramite Vanadinite Metatorbernite Essentially a hydrated phosphate of manganese. Brownish yellow. G. = 2.94. Hureaulite Calcivolborthite Lazulite Metazeunerite Probably triclinic. As minute crystals and tufts of fibers. Stewartite Volborthite Dumontite Bassetite Maricopa and Yavapai Counties-White Picacho district, as Vivianite Amblygonite Turquois Beudantite numerous pale yellow films, as finely crystallized aggregates Erythrite Triplite Chalcosiderite Chalcophyllite cementing microbreccias of hureaulite and lithiophilite, and as Strengite Olivenite Wavellite Bindheimite thin subparallel fibers along fractures in other minerals, mainly Ecdemite strengite and purpurite. TRIPHYLITE-LITHIOPHILITE VIVIANITE Li (Fe,Mn) (po.) to Li (Mn,Fe) (PO.). Bluish gray or greenish gray in triphylite to clove-brown and honey yellow and salmon in lithiophilite. TransJ;larent to trans Fe3(PO.h.8H20. Colorless and transparent when fresh and unaltered, rapidly lucent. Fracture uneven to subconchoidal. Streak colorless to grayIsh white. H. = becoming pale blue or greenish blue due to oxidation and deepening on further ex 4-5. G. = 3.34-3.58. Orthorhombic. Crystals rare; commonly cleavable, massive or posure to dark blue to dark greenish blue, indigo-blue or bluish black. Streak color compact. less to bluish white, soon changing to dark blue or brown. H. = 1.5-2. G. = 2.68. Monoclinic. Yavapai County-White Picacho district, as both triphylite and lithiophilite, in the Midnight Owl and other pegmatites, as Maricopa and Yavapai Counties-White Picacho district, as equant to stubby prismatic crystals up to six inches long with finely crystalline bluish gray films on triplite. rough faces. Also reported from Bagdad. ERYTHRITE--Cobalt Bloom SICKLER.ITE (Co,Ni)3(AsO.)..8H20. Crimson to peach-red. Luster adamantine, vitreous, or (Li,Mn,Fe) (PO.). Yellowish brown to dark brown. Sub-translucent to opaque. pearly to dull and earthy. Transparent to translucent. Streak paler than the color. Streak light yellowish brown to brown and reddish brown; not purple. H. = about H. = 1.5-2.5. G. = 3.06. Monoclinic. Crystals prismatic and vertically striated. Perfect 4. G. = 3.2-3.4. Orthorhombic. clino-pinacoidal cleavage. GlobUlar, reniform, or earthy. Yavapai County-White Picacho district as thin discontinuous Of secondary origin, characteristic of outcrops of cobalt ores. rims on lithiophilite and triphylite. Apache County-White Mountains, exact locality unknown, with cobaltite. PURPURITE Gila County-Reported from 1fz mile northeast of the Mule (Mn,Fe) (PO.). Deep rose to reddish purple. Luster on fresh surface satiny. Shoe Bend of the Salt River. Sub-translucent to opaque. Streak paler. H. = 4-4.5. Brittle. G. = 3.2-3.4. Orthor hombic. Yavapai County-Black Hills, as powdery incrustations from Yavapai County-White Picacho district, as tiny needles and alteration of cobaltite near claims of the old Prudential Copper plates forming crusts and cavity fillings associated with strengite. Mining Co. MONAZITE STRENGITE (La,Y,Th)PO.. up to three per cent Si may replace P. Reddish, brownish, Fe (PO.) .2H20. Peach-blossom-red, carmine, violet, also nearly colorless. Trans yellowish. Luster resinous. Translucent. H. = 5-5.5. G. = 5.0-5.3. Monoclinic crystals parent to translucent. Luster vitreous on crystals, faintly waxy in dense varieties. small and flattened. Perfect cleavage parallel to orthopinacoid. In masses yielding Streak white. H. = 3.5-4.5. G. = 2.87. Orthorhombic. angular fragments and in rolled grains. The chief source of thorium oxide, usually from 8 to 9 per cent. Ce"O" from 25 to 35 per cent. Maricopa and Yavapai Counties-White Picacho district, as An accessory mineral in granite, gneiss, aplite and pegmatite. crusts and cavity fillings which usually appear as small felted Commerical quantities only in placers. aggregates with distinctive pinkish, lavender or deep red color, Gmham County-Santa Teresa Mountains, as small crystals associated with purpurite. in pegmatite. Mohave County-Mohave Mountains, Chemehuevis district, 20 SCORODITE miles southeast of Topock, sparingly in stream gravels. Fe (AsO.) .2H20. Pale leek-green or grayish green to liver-brown, sometimes nearly colorless or bluish. Luster strongly vitreous to subadamantine and subresin HUREAULITE ous. Transparent in crystals. H. = 3.5-4. G. = 3.28. Orthorhombic. MnGfu(PO.) •.4H20. Orange, shades of red to brown and amber, also ('(ray to color Mohave County-A common secondary mineral in the Wall less. Luster vitreous, somewhat greasy, bright. Cleavage on front pmacoid good. Transparent to translucent. Streak nearly white. H. = 3.5. G. = 3.19. Monoclinic. apai district. 70 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 71 PSEUDOMALACHITE-Dihydrite Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as desclo~zit~ and ~ottramite, forming crusts of small pointed crystals. DrIppmg Sprmg Moun CU5(PO.),(OH)•.H20 (?). Dark emerald green. Luster vitreous. H. = 4.5-5. G. = 4-4.4. Monoclinic. Distinct clinopinacoidal cleavage. As distinct crystals or as tains, 4 miles east of Kelvin. fibrous aggregates. Santa Cruz County-Near Nogales, locality unknown, as red A secondary rare mineral previously reported from only a dish fibrous layers ofcuprodescloizite up to an inch thick. few localities in the world. Gila County-Miami district, Castle Dome mine, as small, dark CALCIVOLBORTHITE emerald-green crystals. CuCa(VO,) (OH). Yellow, green. Luster vitreous to pearly. H. = 3.5. G. = un certain. Orthorhombic (?). In pseudohexagonal scales, rosettes, and as fine granular masses. CONIOHALCITE-Higglnsite A secondary mineral, in small quantities accompanying other Ca,Cu(AsO.) (OH). Pistachio green to emerald green. Luster vitreous to greasy. vanadium minerals. . Streak green. Subtranslucent. H. = 4.5. G. = 4.3. Orthorhombic. Fibrous. Cochise County-Reported from the Gallagher VanadIUm Cochise County-Bisbee district, originally from the Higgins property, near Tombstone. mine, as crystals and small masses in manganese oxides. Analysis Navajo County-Monument Valley, at Monument No.1 mine. by E. V. Shannon as follows: CuO CaO V,O. As'05 H20 Fe20" MnO Inso!. Total VOLBORTHITE 28.27 20.84 1.97 41.23 3.49 0.48 2.84 0.86 100.37 Cllil(VO,) 3H20 (0) may have small amounts of Ba, Ca, substituting for Cu. It also occurs as acicular tufts in cavities in limonite. Olive green to citron yellow. Pearly to vitreous luste.r. ,streak yellowish green. H. = 3.5. G. = uncertain. Monoclinic (?). In small SIX-sIded tablets or globular Gila County-Globe Hills, Copper Hill mine. forms. Subtranslucent. Pima County-As small, green, cubic crystals in vugs in shat tuckite from the New Cornelia mine, Ajo. A rare mineral of uncertain origin. Reported from copper and lead ores of the state but no specific localities a;re given. ~lso . Yavapai County-In a shallow pit 13 miles west of Congress, reported from some of the diatremes of the NavaJo ReservatIOn, Just off State road 93. Also in the Bagdad open pit, lining vugs. but exact locality unknown. DESCLOIZITE-MOTTRAMITE AMBLYGONITE PbZnVO,(OH) to PbCuVO.(OH). Red, brownish red, brown, black. Transparent (LiNa)AI(PO.) (F,OH). White to milky or creamy white, also yellowish, beige, to nearly opaque. Streak orange to brownish red or yellowish gray. H. = 3-3.5. salmon~pink, greenish, bluish, gray, rarely colorless. Transparent to translu~ent. G. = 5.9-6.2. Orthorhombic. Generally in drusy aggregates of small crystals. Psit Luster vitreous to greasy, pearly on well-developed cle~vage~. H. = 5.5-6. Brittle. tacinite is synonomous with mottramite. G. = about 3.11. Triclinic. Occurs in equant to short prismatic, rough crystals, and in cleavable masses. Of secondary origin, in small amounts in some oxidized lead zinc or copper deposits. Maricopa and Yavapai Counties-In the pegmati~esof th~ White Picacho district, associated with spodumene and zmnwaldlte. Cochise County-Bisbee district, mottramite, as crystals from the Higgins mine, and as reniform masses from the Shattuck mine. Tombstone district, mottramite, as brilliant black crystals, TRIPLITE (Mn Fe Mg Cal (PO,) (F OH) . Brown or blackish brown. Luster vitreous to Lucky Cuss and Toughnut mines. As descloizite, Tombstone Ex resinous: S'ubt~ansj'ucentto 'opaque..Streak whtte to brown. H. = 5-5.5. G. = 3.44-3.9. tension and Toughnut mines. Pat Hills, as mottramite. Monoclinic. Cleavage in two directIOns. MassIve. Coconino County-Havasu Canyon, as fine stalactitic crystal groups. An unusual mineral found in pegmatite. . Ma1'icopa and Yavapai Counties-In the p~gma~ltes of t!l€ Gila County-Payson district, as descloizite in small amounts, vVhite Picacho district, especially well crystallIzed m the MId Ox Bow and Zulu mines. Globe district, 2 miles north of the Old night Owl pegmatite, as roughly-faced tabular crystals up to Dominion mine, as descloizite; on the 400-foot level, Comstock seven inches in length. .. Extension mine, and disseminated in the Defiance mine. Yavapai County-Eureka district, as a ~pherIcal segregatIOn Maricopa County-Vulture Mountains,at the Black Hawk about 2 feet in diameter, in a small pegmatIte knot on the 7 U 7 property, 1 mile south of the Vulture mine, as a velvety coating ranch. Analysis by F. A. Gonyer as follows: of fine crystals. Also in the White Picacho district. F 0 MnO MgO CaO Na20 H20 P20, F Total Mohave County-Grand Wash Cliffs, as descloizite, Grand 11~68 8.02 99.81 Gulch mine, Bentley district. 34.55 11.87 2.48 0.52 0.75 33.32 Pima County-Tucson Mountains, as mottramite, Old Yuma Also at other localities in the same general area. mine. Analysis by F. N. Guild as follows: V205 PbO CuO ZnO MnO H20 Total OLlVENITE 23.02 52.26 11.64 6.71 2.16 2.52 98.31 C A 0 (OH) Various shades of green to yellowish. Luster adamantine to Empire Mountains, Total Wreck mine, as mottramite. Santa Rita vitreo~s s T~anslucent to opaque. Streak olive green to b,rown. H. = 3. G. = 3.9-4.4. Mountains, Glove (Sunrise) mine, replacing and forming incrus Orthorhombic. Generally in crystals. Also globular, remform, fibrous and granular. tations on wulfenite. A rare secondary mineral of copper deposits. 72 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 73 Pinal County-Galiuro Mountains, Copper Creek district, as small olive-green crystals, Old Reliable mine. Superior district, Pinal County-Pyromorphite: As olive green crystals on mot Magma mine, as small crystals with dioptase, from the outcrop tramite. Mimetite: As bright orange or canary-yellow crl;lsts or at the No.1 Glory Hole. Also in the Mammoth mine at Tiger. as coatings of tiny prismatic crystals in th~ Mamm<;>th mme. Santa Cruz County-Pyromorphite: As mcrust~tI0:t;ts, ':french LIBETHENITE mine, Harshaw district. Javelina prospect, Patag~m~ dIstrIct.. Yavapai County-Mimetite: In the Vulture dIStrIct, Dommgo CudPO.) (OH). Light to dark olive green. Luster vitreous to greasy. Translucent. mas-ses~- Streak olive green. H. = 4. G. = 3.97. Orthorhombic. Crystals short prismatic. mine, Castle Creek, in considerable .. Globular, reniform or compact masses. Yuma County-Castle Dome Mountains, Castle Dome dIStrIct. A rare mineral found in a few copper deposits of the world. Gila County-At the Castle Dome mine along open fractures VANADINITE forming crusts composed of small emerald-green prisms or a Pb5(VO.),CI. Red, orange or yellow. Ll;Ister sub-res!nous t~ sUb-ad'::.nan~ni' drusy mat of acicular crystals. Subtransparent to nearly opaque. Streak whIte or yell0v.:lsh. H. - 3. G. _.6.7 7,. . Greenlee County-Morenci district, as small crystals in cavi ~f;,a~~n;fogmI:1~~~~taf[~K~:a~n~ff~hi~i1s ~o~a~i~tr i:~~i~~IlX;' P~~f~Il~I~~i,~W~ ties, Coronado mine. tutes for V. A comparatively rare mineral of sOI?e oxidized lead deposits, APATITE with wulfenite, descloizite, and cerUSSIte. .. Cochise County-Tombstone district, on c~.lclte, TrIbute and CadF,Cl) (po.)". White or a light shade of green or blue; less commonly yellow, Tombstone Extension mine. Gallagher VanadIUm property, near gray, red or brown. Luster vitreous to resinous. Transparent to opaque. H. = 5. G. = 3.11-3.20. Hexagonal, dipyramidaI. Crystals prismatic. Imperfect basal cleavage. Charleston. Huachuca Mountains.. . In granular masses. Gila County-Globe district, as splendId crystal spec~m~ns, An accessory mineral, generally as minute crystals. More Apache Vanadium property, 8 miles north of Globe. DrIppmg abundant in metamorphic rocks, particularly granular limestone. Spring Mountains., "79", McHu:" ~remier, and C and B (Inter- In places as beds in sedimentary rocks. A source of mineral fer national) propertIes, Banner dIStrICt.. . tilizers. Greenlee County-As single doubly-termmated cry~tals m gravels of the Haggin placers along the Coronado TraIl north Gmham County-Aravaipa district, in micropegmatite, Fisher prospect, Turnbull Mountain. of Metcalf. . Maricopa County-Vulture Mountains, C~llateral, ~hoen:x, MohaveCounty-Hualpai Mountains, as white crystals of Montezuma and Frenchman mines. HieroglyphIc Mountams, WIth fluorapatite with golden yellow fluorescence, associated with mus i~ covite. wulfenite veins White Peak district. At the Rainbow (Theba) mine near Theba: Also in the White Picacho district. Pinal County-Galiuro Mountains, as crystals up to several Rang~, ~orado CI~max inches long, Childs-AIdwinkle and Old Reliable mines, Copper Mohave County-Cerbat EI and mines, Creek district. Gold Basin district. Western Umon mme, as sheafllke bundles and single doubly-terminated crystals, also slender crystals of Yavapai County-As large crystals in granodiorite, Springfield endlichite. " group, Pine Grove district. Eureka district, as an accessory in ma~m titaniferous magnetite ores near Bagdad. Pima County-Tucson Mountains, Old Yuma mme, as ficent crystal specimens. Empire Mountains, Total Wreck mme. Pinal County-Mammoth mine, ~s s:plendid ~roups of crystals PYROMORPHITE-MIMETITE with wulfenite and descloizite. DrIppmg Sprmg.Mount~ms, 4 Pb,(PO.,AsO.),CI to Pb5(AsO.PO.)3CI. Pyromorphite green, yell,ow and br<;>wn .of miles east of Kelvin. Superior distr~ct,. Blac~ Prmce ~me, as various shades, also wax-yellow, orange-yellow, or!'-nge-red, brownIsh-red. I\iImetIte pale yellow to yellowish brown, orange-yellow, whIte or colorless. Luster resm0l.;Is to doubly-terminated crystals. As endhchlte, WIth wulfemte and sub-adamantine. Subtransparent to translucent. H. = 3.5-4. G. = 7.04±0.04. Bnttle. quartz, Table Mountain mine. . Hexagonal. Yavapai County-As fine. specnnens from the property of the Found in oxidized lead deposits, with pyromorphite being American Kirkland Gold mmes. more common. Yuma County-Trigo Mountains, as .fi:t;te crystal aggregates, Cochise County-Pyromorphite: Tombstone district as small Silver Clip and Princess mines, ,an~ as .brIllIant deep red crystals, crystals. Mimetite: Gallagher vanadium property, near Charles Red Cloud mine. Castle Dome dIstrIct, m channels and vugs. Also ton. Also at Bisbee. reported from the Chocolate Mountains. Maricopa County-Pyromorphite: In the pegmatites of the White Picacho district. Mimetite: Near Gila Bend and also east LAZULITE of the Alaska mine, southwest of Aguila. (Mg,Fe)Ah(PO.)2(OH)2. Azure blue. Luster vitrE;ous. Sub-translucent to opaque. Mohave County-Mimetite: As a common secondary mineral H. = 5.5-6. G. = 3.1-3.4. Monoclinic. Usually maSSIve, granular to compact. in the Wallapai district. A rare mineral, usually found in pegmatites or metamorphic Pima County-Cerro Colorado Mountains, at the Cerro Colo rocks. 1 l' th Ph . rado mine, as pyromorphite, Maricopa County-Reported from a oca Ity on e oemx- Cave Creek road, 1.2 miles north of Hyatt's Camp. 74 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 75 DUMONTITE Coconino County-Huskon claims, Cameron district. Gila County-In the Dripping Springs quartzite in the Sierra Pb2(U02 )a(POJ)2(OH)L3H20. Color and streak ocher-yellow. Orthorhombic. Fluoresces greenish. Ancha, associated with bassetite and coffinite. Pima County-Reported from the Tucson district. Mohave County-Hack Canyon mine, associated with metator bernite and tyuyamunite. Pima County-Reported to occur on native copper in the Ajo TURQUOIS-CHALCOSIDERITE open pit mine. A probably complete series from CuAlo(POJ)40H)8.4H20 to CuFeo(P04),(OH)8. 4H20, although most analyses are close to Al end. H. = 5-6 (Turquois); 4.5 (Chal Yavapai County-Eureka district, in small amounts with ber cosiderite). G. = 2.6-2.8 (Turquois); 3.22 (Chalcosiderite). Turquois sky-blue, bluish manite and triplite in a pegmatite knot on the 7 U 7 ranch. green to apple green, greenish gray. Chalcosiderite siskin-green and transparent. Luster of crystals vitreous, massive, somewhat waxy, feeble. Subtranslucent to opaque. Streak white or greenish to pale green. Triclinic. AUTUNITE Secondary minerals, formed essentially at surface conditions. Ca(U02).(P04)2.10-12lliO. Lemon-yellow to sulfur-yellow, sometimes with a greenish cast. Luster vitreous, pearly on (001). Translucent to transparent. Not brittle. Chalcosiderite is quite rare. Streak yellowish. H. =2-2,5. G. = 3.1-3.2. Tetragonal. Fluoresces strong yellow Cochise County-Turquoise: Turquoise district, as stringers green in ultraviolet light. up to a few inches wide and small nuggetlike masses in granite Gila County-Red Bluff prospect, with uranophane. and quartzite. Bisbee, in the Lavender Pit and as minute string Santa Cruz County-Near Alamo Spring, in a vein of lead ers in massive pyrite, 1200-foot level Cole shaft. Also reported ore, and associated with uranophane. from Pearce vicinity. Chalcosiderite: Bisbee district, in small Meta-autunite Ca (V02 ) 2 (P04 ) 2 ·2-6H2 0. On the Jack claim quantities. of Charles Keyes in Monument Valley, Navajo County. Gila County-Turquoise: Globe district, in small amount with copper ores; also Sleeping Beauty area. Miami district, Castle Dome mine, in large quantities; also on Canyon Creek. SABUGALITE Maricopa County-Turquoise: Reported 12 miles east of Mor HAI(U02)4(P04)d6H20. Bright yellow to lemon yellow. H. = 2.5. G. = ap proximately 3.20. Somewhat flexible. Perfect basal cleavage. Occurs as densely ristown. aggregated crusts of thin platy crystals up to about 1 mm on an edge. Mohave County-Turquoise: Cerbat Range, Ithaca Peak, Min eral Park district, as gem material in prophyry cutting schist and A secondary mineral found associated usually with meta gneiss. autunite. Pinal County-Turquoise: Reported 2 miles south of Kelvin. Apache County-Found in the Black Water mine, Black Mesa Yavapai County-Turquoise: Found in Yavapai County, but basin. the exact locality is unknown. Coconino County-Cameron district, O'Jaco claim, Huskon No. 5 claim and Arrow Head claims Nos. 1, 3, and 7. WAVELLITE METATORBERNITE AI, (01'1) 3 (PO,) 2.51'120. Greenish white and green to yellow. Luster vitreous, in clining toward pearly and resinous. Translucent. Fracture uneven to subconchoidal. Cu(U02).(P04)2.8H20. Pale to dark green. Luster vitreous to subadamantine. Streak white. H. = 3.5-4. G. = 2.36. Brittle. Orthorhombic. Crystals rare. Transparent to translucent. H. = 2.5. Rather brittle. G. =3.5-3.7. Tetragonal. Not fluorescent. Gila County-Castle Dome mine, localized along fractures crossing the trend of ore veins. Coconino County-Cameron area, Huskon and Arrow Head claims. BERMANTITE Gila County-Globe district, Melinda mine. Mohave County-Hack Canyon mine. (Mn,Mg)5(Mn,Fe)B(PO,)B(OHho.15H20 (?). Reddish brown, Luster vitreous to Navajo County-Monument Valley No.1 mine; also in the sUbresinous. H. = 3.5. G. = 2.84. Orthorhombic. Imperfect pinacoidal cleavage. Crystals of pronounced tabular habit with perfect basal. Also as cleavable masses. Ruth Group claims, near Holbrook. A new species discovered in 1936 in a pegmatite knot on the 7 U 7 ranch near the Bagdad mine, Yavapai County, as narrow METAZEUNERITE veinlets and small crystals in triplite. Accompanied by torbernite Cu(UO,).(AsO,)..8H20. Grass- 'to emerald-green. Luster vitreous, pearly on (001). Fracture uneven. H. = 2-2.5. Brittle. G. = 3.64. Tetragonal. Fluoresces yellow and other phosphates. Analysis by F. A. Gonyer as follows: green in both long- and short-wave ultraviolet light. Fe200 Mn20. MnO MgO CaO Na20 H20 P20, Total 3.03 26.76 13.79 2.39 0.72 0.32 19.33 31.39 99.73 Apache County-Monument Valley, in the Monument No.2 mine. TORBERNITE Coconino County-Huskon No. 5 and Arrow Head claims. Cu(U0212(PO,)..8-12H20. Tetragonal. Emerald green to grass green. Luster Navajo County-Ruth Group claims near Holbrook. vitreous to sUbadamantine, pearly on (001). Transparent to translucent. Streak paler than the color. H. = 2-2.5. G. = 3.22. Not fluorescent in ultraviolet light. BASSETITE A secondary mineral found associated with autunite and other Analyses lacking, apparently a hydrated ura.nium phosphate containing ferrous secondary uranium minerals. iron. Yellow. Transparent. G. = 3.10. MonoclImc. Not fluorescent. 77 76 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA Gila County-Sierra Ancha Mountains, Red Bluff mine, in the Coconino County-Cameron area Huskon No. 10 claim. Ver Dripping Spring quartzite. million Cliffs, in petrified wood. Maricopa County-Vulture Mountains, southeast of Aguila, BEUDANTITE in tuff. Navajo County-Holbrook district, Ruth Group claims. Monu PbFe3(AsO.) (so.) (OH)o. Green to brown and black. Luster vitreous to resinous. Transparent to translucent. H. = 3.5-4.5. G. = 4-4.3. Hexagonal. Rhombohedral ment Valley, at numerous properties. crystals with basal cleavage. A rare mineral generally found in limonite ores. TYUYAMUNITE Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as tufts of yellowish green Ca(U02),(VO,knH20. Canary yeJlow, also lemon ye.J!ow to greenish yeJlow. fibers. Luster of crystals adamantine and pearly, massive materIal waxy. Translucen~ to opaque. H. = about 2. G. = variable, 3.67-4.35, Orthorhombic. Commonly maSSIve; as scales and laths. Calciocarnotite is the same mineral. CHALCOPHYLLITE Apache County-Lukachukai Mountains, on Mesa No.1 and CU18AL(As04)3(SO.)3(OH)27.33H20 (?). Emerald green to grass green. Luster vitreous to subadamantine and pearly. Transparent to translucent. Streak paler Mesa No.5. Carizzo Mountains, Cove Mesa, Chinlee district, Black than color. H. = 2. G. = 2.67. Hexagonal . Perfect basal cleavage. Crystals tabular. Mesa basin at numerous claims. Monument Valley, Monument As foliated masses or in dress. No. 2 mine, and at Ga,rnet Ridge near Dinnehotso. A comparatively rare secondary mineral of oxidized copper Cochise County-Bisbee district, in small amount from an un deposits. known locality. . Cochise County-Bisbee district, in irregular crystal plates Navajo County-Monument Valley, at several mines and Imbedded in connellite, Calumet and Arizona mine. claims, notably at Monument No.1 mine. Mohave County-Hack Canyon mine. BINDHEIMITE Pb2Sb20" (O,OH). Yellow, brown, reddish brown to white., Luster resinous, dull METATYUYAMUNITE or earthy. Translucent to opaque. Streak white to yellow. H. = 4-4.5. G. = 4.6-5.6. Isometric. As reniform or earthy masses of incrustations. Ca(U02)2(VO')2.3-5H20. Canary YI"Jlow to greenish yeJl~w. Crystals have adaman tine luster, massive material waxy. H. = .a~out 2. Not brItt~e. G: = 3:8-3.9. Orthor A secondary mineral, generally in small quantities in oxidized hombic. Perfect miscaceous cleavage. DIstmct front and SIde pmacOldal cleavages. antimonial lead ores. A dehydration product of tyuyamunite. . C:o.chise County-Tombstone district, as yellowish gray spots Apache County-Carizzo Mountains, at Cove Mesa; in the m sIlIceous ores. Syracuse group claims, and in the King Tut. Also from ~esa No. 1 Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, in small amounts, mine and in Monument Valley at Monument No.2 mme. Mowry mine. N~vajo County-Ruth Group claims, Holbrook district; also near Tuba City. ECDEMITE Pb"As20,Cl. (?). Bright yellow to green. Luster vitreous to greasy. Translucent. H. = 2.5-3. G. = 7.1. Tetragonal. As incrustations of tiny prismatic crystals. Also SENGIERITE massive. Cu(U02)(VO.)(OH) .4-5H20 (?). YeJlowish green. Luster vitreous. Transparent. A rare secondary mineral found in some oxidized lead ores. Streak light green. H. = 2.5. Brittle. G. = about 4. Perfect basal cleavage. Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as bright orange incrusta tions on wulfenite crystals. A secondary oxide mineral. Cochise County-As one isolated pocket in the Cole shaft at Bisbee in 1935, with malachite, and disseminated in chalcocite. VANADIUM OXYSALTS Carnotite Pintadoite Rauvite STEIGERITE Tyuyamunite Rossite Melanovanadinite AL(VO,) .6%H20. Cryptocrystalline. Canary ;yeJlow pulverulent coatings re Metatyuyamunite sembling chalcedony, gum-like masses, and occasIOnally flat plates. Compact ag Metarossite Hewettite gregates have a rather waxy luster. Sengierite Pascoite Metahewettite Steigerite Uvanite Fernandinite Apache County-Monument Valley, Monument No.2 mine. Brackebuschite Hummerite BRACKEBUSCHITE CARNOTITE Pb.MnFe(VO.)•.2H20. Dark brown to black. Streak yeJlow. Luster sub K,(U02),(VO.h.3H20. Bright yelloYf to lemon yellow, also greenish yellow. metalic. Translucent to nearly opaque. Occurs as tufts or groups of crystals; also Luster dull to earthy, also pearly or sIlky when coarsely crystalline. Occurs as a dendritic or botryodial. pow~er or loosely coherent microcrystalline aggregates, sometimes compact: dis semmated, rarely as crusts or imperfect platy crystals. A secondary mineral, in small quantities with other vanadium Apache County-At numerous places in the Salt Wash mem minerals. ber of the Morrison formation throughout the Carizzo and Luka Cochise County-Reported in minute amounts from the Galla chukai mountains. gher Vanadium property, near Tombstone. 78 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 79 PINTADOITE FERNANDITE Ca,V,07.9H20. Light to dark green. Occurs as a thin efflorescence. CaO,V,04.5V20G.14H,O. Dull green. Massive, cryptocrystalline to fibrous. Apache County-In the Salt Wash sandstone on Mesa No.5 and Mesa No.6; and in the Lukachukai Mountains, southwest of Apache Oounty-Monument No.2 mine. Cove. HUMMERITE K,Mg2VloO",.16H,>o. Bright orange, may develop greenish tint on exposur!' to ROSSlTE sunlight. Luster subadamantine dulling on exposure. Streak yellow. H. = 2. Bnttle. G. = 2.55. Triclinic. Occurs as vein fillings with columnar structure perpendicular to CaV>Oo.4H,O. Yellow..Ll;ls!er vitreous to somewhat pearly. Transparent. H. = vein wall. 2.-3. ~nttle, G. = 2.4~. TnclImc. Occurs as glassy lumps surrounded by flaky altera tion nms of metarosslte. Apache County-Mesa No.1, Lukachukai Mountains. Apache County-Lukachukai Mountains, at Mesa No.1 mine. TUNGSTATES AND MOLYBDATES METAROSSITE CaV,O".2H20. Light yellow. Luster dUll, pearly. As soft and friable, platy to flaky masses and veinlets. Ferberite Wulfenite Stolzite Wolframite Scheelite Cuprotungstite Apache County-As an alteration product of rossite in the Huebnerite Powellite Ferrimolybdite Lukachukai Mountains, and in the Monument No.2 mine, Monu Lindgrenite ment Valley. FERBERITE-WOLFRAMITE-HUEBNERITE PASCOITE FeWO, to MnWO,, forming a continuous series. Dark gray or brownish black. ~lac~. Ca,V,,017.l1H20. Dark red-brown to yellow-orange. Translucent. Streak cadmium Luster submetallic. Opaque. Streak dark brown to nearly H ..= 4-4.5. G. = yellow. H. about 2.5. G. 1.87. Triclinic. 7-7.5. Monoclinic. Crystals commonly tabular. Perfect clm?pmaCOIdal cleavage. = = In bladed, lamellar, or granular masses or as disseminated grams. Apache Cou.nty-Lukachukai Mountains, Mesas No.1, 5, and Most abundant in quartz veins in granite and schist that have 6. Carizzo Mountains, Zona No. 1 claim. been invaded by pegmatite. Commonly the only metallic min erals present, but in places accompanied by scheelite or ~ulfid~s. UVANITE Detailed descriptions of occurrences in the state are gIven In U2VoO,L15H,O. Brownish yellow. Probably orthorhombfc As minutely crystal- Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin No. 148. line masses and coatings. . Cochise County-Whetstone Mountains, in veins and replace Apache County-Monument Valley, at Monument No.2 mine. ments with scheelite, eastern slope of the range. Little Dragoon Mountains, in quartz veins and placer gravels. RAUVITE Gila County-Pinal Mountains, at several places south of . CaU2V"O"".201:bO. Purplish to bluis~ black. Streak yellowish brown to olive. Globe. West of Miami, on Pinto Creek. Spring Creek, southwest Mm~tely crystallIne. Occurs as dense slIckened masses botryoidal crusts and filmy coatmgs. ' of Young. Mazatzal Mountains, northwest of Four Peaks. Castle Dome area, wolframite, as small, pointed tetragonal prisms up to Apache County-Monument Valley, at Monument No.2 mine. 3 mm long, associated with libethenite. Navajo County-Monument No.1 mine, and in the adjoining Maricopa County-Cave Creek district, as ferberite, and con Mittern mine, taining 2.19 per cent combined columbium-tantalum. as ~xides. Mazatzal Mountains, northwest of Four Peaks. WhIte PIcacho MELANOVANADINITE district, as wolframite, in pegmatites. Also from the Rainbow Ca2V,"V"'O,,. Blac.k. Luster almost submetallic. Opaque. Streak dark reddish (Theba) mine near Theba. brown. H. = 2.5. Bnttle. G. = 3.48. Monoclinic. Mohave County-Hualpai Mountains, in quartz veins of the Apache County-Lukachukai Mountains, in the Mesa No. 1 Boriana, Telluride Chief, Laxton, and Moon properties. Aquarius and 5 mines; also in the Ker-McGee 4-1 mine. Range, in quartz veins in the Williams and other mine~ in the vicinity of Boner Canyon. Also west of Cottonwood ClIffs and west of Greenwood Peak. White Hills, O.K. mine, Gold Basin HEWETTITE-METAHEWETTITE district. CaV"Olf,.9H20. Deep red. Luster somewhat silky. G. = 2.5 plus, depending 011 Pima County-Las Guijas Mountains. Baboquivari and Como the stage. of dehyd~ation. Probably orthorhombic. These are separate, but dimor phous, mmeral speCIes. babi mountains. Pinal County-Tarr property, northwest of Mammoth, with A rare secondary product found with other vanadium minerals. scheelite. Galiuro Mountains, as wolframite, in the Blue Bird Apache County-Carrizo Mountains, as hairlike crystals and mine. fibrous incrustations in sandstone with carnotite. Also in the Monument No. 2 mine. Santa Cruz County-Southeast of Calabasas. Patagonia Moun tains, Red Mountain property. 80 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 81 Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Tip Top and Tule imbedded in gray, doubly-terminated quartz crystals. Whetstone Creek areas. Eureka district, in quartz veins, Black Pearl and Mountains, in quartz veins and replacements in granite, eastern Joy properties, south of Camp Wood. Silver Mountain district. slope of the range. Huachuca Mountains, Tungsten Reef, James, Harper, and other properties. Maricopa County-Mazatzal Mountains, northwest of Four WULFENITE Peaks. Near Morristown, on upper Santo Domingo Wash, with powellite. PbMo04. Orange to bright red; also grayish or yellowish. Luster vitreous to adamantine. Transparent to subtranslucent. Streak white. H. = 3. G. = 6.8±. Tetra Mohave County-Hualpai Mountains, with wolframite in gonal, dipyramidal. Generally as thin, square, tabular crystals. quartz veins, Boriana, Telluride Chief, and Laxton properties. An uncommon mineral generally considered to be secondary. Aquarius Range, sparingly at the Williams mine, Boner Canyon. Cochise County-Tombstone district, as clusters and rosettes In small amounts with wolframite, Cottonwood and Greenwood of crystals. Turquoise district, in cavities, Mystery, Silver Bill, areas. Mohave Mountains, Dutch Flat. and Tom Scott workings. Chiricahua Mountains, Hilltop mine, Pima County-Las Guijas Mountains, sparingly present. Santa .as groups of deep yellow crystals. Rita Mountains, in contact-metamorphic zone, Helvetia district. Gila County-Dripping Spring Mountains, Banner district, Sierrita Mountains, in contact zones, Twin Buttes. Gunsight Hills. "79," McHur, Premier, C and B, and London Range properties. Pinal County-Campo Bonito area, Maudina and other proper Gmham C01mty-Aravaipa district, Silver Coin and Dogwater ties. Northwest of Mammoth, Tarr and Antelope Peak areas. mines. Santa Cruz County-Near Calabasas, with wolframite. Pata Maricopa County-Bright orange-red crystals with mimetite gonia Mountains, with molybdenite 4 miles south of Duquesne. on barite and quartz occur near Theba. Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Tip Top district. Wick Mohave County-Rawhide Mountains, near Artillery Peak. enburg Mountains, disseminated in garnet-epidote schist on upper Gold Basin district, Climax mine. San Domingo and Little San Domingo washes. Silver Mountain Pima County-Tucson Mountains, Old Yuma mine, as deep area. orange-red crystal groups. Empire Mountains, Total Wreck and Yuma County-Trigo Mountains, in a sheared quartz vein, Hilton mines. Gold Reef claims, Silver district. Pinal County-Mammoth mine, in light yellow to bright red crystals containing tungsten. Black Prince mine, Superior dis POWELLITE trict. Dripping Spring Mountain, 4 miles east of Kelvin. Ca (Mo,W) 04. Grayish to greenish yellOW. Resinous luster. H. = 3.5. G. = 4.35. Santa Cntz County-Santa Rita Mountains, Gringo mine, Tetragonal. In minute pyramidal crystals or as fine massive material. Wrightson district, with native gold; Tyndall district, Glove (Sun rise) mine, as remarkable crystal aggregates of various color and An uncommon secondary mineral found in small quantities habit, with some tabular crystals measuring as much as 4 inches in tungsten ores. along the edge. Patagonia Mountains, Domino mine; Palmetto Maricopa County-Near Morristown, on Upper Santo Domingo district, as beautifully crystallized specimens with galena, cerus Wash, with scheelite. site, and native silver. Mohave County-Reported from Cerbat Range. Yuma County-Trigo Mountains, as crystals, Red Cloud, Ham Pima County-Helvetia district, disseminated with scheelite burg, and other properties. Specimens exhibiting unusual crystal in contact zone near the Black Horse shaft. forms have been obtained from the Melissa mine. STOLZITE SCHEELITE PbW04. Green to gray or brown. H. = 3. G. = 7.87-8.13. Tetragonal. In pyra midal crystals. CaW04. White, yellow, brown, or green. Luster vitreous to adamantine. Trans p~re.nt to trans~ucent. Streak white. H ..= 4.5-5. G. = 5.9-6.1. Tetragonal, dipyramidal. DIstmct pyramIdal cleavage. As pyramIdal crystals, granular masses, or as dissemi A rare secondary mineral found in some oxidized lead deposits. nated grains. Cochise County-Dragoon Mountains, Primos mine, as small, Generally in quartz veins associated with pegmatite or gran highly complex, pale yellow crystals,. in cavities in a quartz vein itic intrusives; in contact zones; and as replacements. Commonly containing chalcopyrite, sphalerite, huebnerite, scheelite, fluorite associated with wolframite. and galena. A single crystal exhibited the following forms: (001), Cochise County-Little Dragoon Mountains, in quartz veins, (130), (110), (011), (113), (111), (441), (137), and (133). Hua contact zones, and placers. Near the Republic mine, Johnston, chuca Mountains, Reef Mine, as pale yellow crystals, 1-2 mm. in crystals of scheelite are imbedded in quartz crystals. At the Cohen length, on the walls of cavities in a quartz vein containing schee tungsten mine, 10 miles southwest of Willcox, as light brown lite, galena,chalcopyrite, pyrite and limonite. Forms exhibited crystals up to several pounds in weight, and as smaller crystals are (001), (320), (110), (111), and (121). 82 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 83 Gila County-As a molybdenian variety from near Miami. SILICATES Maricopa County-Near mouth of Amazon Wash east of Wickenburg. ' Quartz Kaersutite Epidote Serpentine Yuma County-Livingston claims, south of Quartzite. Tridymite Beryl Piedmontite Talc Christobalite Zunyite Allanite Sepiolite CUPROTUNGSTITE Opal Garnet Melanotekite Iddingsite Orthoclase Grossularite Bertrandite Glauconite Cuwo,..Gr~en. L,!ster >:itreous to waxy. H. = 4.5. Cryptocrystalline or fibrous. Adularia Pyrope Hemimorphite Kaolinite Cuproscheeltte IS a varIety WIth both copper and calcium. Sanidine Almandite Tourmaline Halloysite Forme~ by replace!llent of the calcium in scheelite by copper; Celsian Spessarite Dumortierite Endellite generally m concentnc layers about scheelite. Microcline Andradite Staurolite Anauxite Maricopa County-Cave Creek district. Recalculated analysis Plagioclase Olivine Hillebrandite Beidellite by W. T. Schaller as follows: Pollucite Fayalite ptilolite Montmorillonite Spodumene Monticellite Laumontite Sauconite WO:·; CuO CaO MgO H20 Total Pyroxene Willemite Analcime Pyrophyllite 55.36 32.66 4.12 0.67 7.19 100.00 59.04 32.68 2.98 Enstatite Dioptase Scolecite Catlinite 0.45 4.94 100.00 Pigeonite Scapolite Thomsonite Nontronite Pima County-On the 200-foot level of the Helvetia mine, Diopside Vesuvianite Muscovite Chrysocolla Santa Rita Mountains. Hedenbergite Zircon Mariposite Bisbeeite Yuma County-Reported from the Livingston claims south of Augite Coffinite Roscoelite Shattuckite Quartzite. Wollastonite Topaz Lepidolite Plancheite Amphibole Andalusite Cookeite Ajoite Anthophyllite Sillimanite Zinnwaldite Thaumasite FERRIMOLYBDITE-Molydbite Cummingtonite Kyanite Biotite Spurrite Fe,Mo20".8H"O. Sulfur- to canary-yellow. H. = 1.5. G. = 4.5. Orthorhombic. In Grunerite Gadolinite Chlorite Uranophane aggregates of crystal fibers. Tremolite Thalenite Cronstedtite Kasolite Formed in small quantity by oxidation of molybdenite. Actinolite Zoisite Viridite Sphene Hornblende Clinozoisite Vermiculite Chevkinite Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, as hairlike crystals and tufts near Madera Canyon. Average analysis by F. N. Guild as follows: QUARTZ MoO" Fe,O" H20 Total SiO,. Colorless to various shades of yellow, red, brown, green. blue, and black. Luster vitreous and splendent to greasy or nearly dull. Transparent to translucent. 60.805 21.835 17.355 99.995 H. = 7. G. = 2.65. Hexagonal, trigonal trapezohedral. No cleavage. Good conchoidal fracture. Commonly in prismatic crystals with the prism faces horizontally striated. . ~inal County-Galiuro Mountains, as yellow powder and ra Massive forms are common and in great variety, from granular to flintlike. dlatmg crystal aggregates, Childs-AIdwinkle mine Copper Creek district. ' The most common of minerals, comprising about three-fifths of the earth's crust. An essential component of many igneous and Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Red Mountain metamorphic rocks, sandstone, quartzite, gravel, and sand. It mine. forms a large part of mineral veins and is deposited from waters of hot springs. LINDGRENITE Quartz is so widespread and abundant that only a few typical occurrences are listed. CudMoO,b \OH),. Green. Transparent. H. = 4.5. G. = 4.26. Usually tabUlar, platy or massive. PHENOCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ Gila County-Inspiration mine. Rock crystal Maricopa County-Cave Creek. district, with cuprotungstite. Clear, colorless quartz, whether in distinct crystals or not. A common constituent of mineral veins but rare in large flawless masses which are of considerable value. Many localities other than those listed exist in the state. Cochise County-Little Dragoon Mountains, Johnson district, as well-formed crystals, some of which reach large size. Gila County-Globe district, Old Dominion mine, where crys tals colored blue by chrysocolla line cavities in oxidized ores, and 84 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 85 some of the massive quartz is brilliant red due to finely divided gray, blue, pale brown,dark brown, and black. Occurs as mam hematite. Payson district, as clear crystals up to 1 inch long at millary, botryoidal, or stalactitic masses, lining or filling cavities the Ox Bow mine. in rocks. Graham County-As good crystals in druses of veins of the Apache and Navajo counties-The main constituent of petri Tenstrike group, Aravaipa district. fied wood at various localities, most abundant at the Petrified Mohave County-Oatman and Katherine districts, as colorless Forest, near Holbrook. crystals in abundance in the gold veins. Gila County-Globe district, Old Dominion mine, in place Pima County-Tucson Mountains, as geodes in basalt flows colored blue or green from intergrown chrysocolla or malachite. near "A" Mountain. Mohave County-Black Mountains, Gold Road and Gold Ore Pinal County-Galiuro Mountains, Copper Creek district, as veins, Oatman district. On the western slopes of the River Range. good crystals up to seven inches long. Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, reported from the Great Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Cash mine, Hassay erville district. Silver Bell district, EI Tiro mine, as clear, nearly ampadistrict,where clear crystals lining open veins are accom transparent material of a beautiful emerald-green color. Tucson panied by crystals of adularia, calcite, and ore minerals. Mountains, in cavities in basalt. Yuma County-As large crystals in pegmatites of pre-Camb Pinal County-Abundant in spherulites and irregular cavities rian granites over considerable areas. in dacite-rhyolite flows. Santa Cr'uz County-Grosvenor Hills, near the old village of Amethyst Santa Cruz. Clear purple or bluish violet. Generally in crystals, less com Yavapai County-In the vicinity of Morgan City and Slow monly massive. A valuable gem stone. Springs washes as spherulitic nodules in lava. Much of the chal Gila County-Mazatzal Mountains, as crystals lining vugs in cedony is fluorescent. Mazatzal quartzite of Four Peaks. Yuma County-Chocolate Mountains, excellent specimens. Mohave Countu-Cerbat Range, as crystals in pre-Cambrian East of Parker, near milepost 87, Santa Fe Railway. granite of the McConnico district, northeast of Boulder Spring. Chrysoprase Black Mountains, as bands in colorless quartz of gold veins of the Oatman and Katherine districts. Strictly an apple-green chalcedony. Greenish and bluish chal Santa Cruz County-Sierra de Tordillo mine, Parker Canyon cedony is commonly included in the term. district. Patagonia Mountains, as large crystals in pegmatite near Mohave County-River Range, Weaver district, and elsewhere Duquesne. " on the western slopes. Gila County-"Blue chrysoprase," a blue or bluish-green cop Rose quartz per-stained chalcedony, abundant at the Live Oak and Keystone Rose red or pink; becomes paler upon exposure. Generally mines, Miami district. massive. Luster somewhat greasy. Color is perhaps due to ti Agate tanium. Maricopa County-North of Scottsdale, in a quarry about 7 A variegated chalcedony, with colors either banded, irregular miles northeast of Curry's Corner. ly clouded, or due to visible impurities, as of manganese oxide Mohave County-Black Mountains, locally abundant in gan in "moss agate." gue of Moss mine, Oatman district. Specimens of good quality Coconino and Mohave counties-As nodules in Kaibab lime have been received from a locality 40 miles northeast of Kingman. stone. Pima County-Tucson Mountains, geodes of blue and white Tiger-eye agate abundant in basalts near "A" Mountain. Gila County-San Carlos Indian Reservation, mottled mahog Yavapai County-In the vicinity of Morgan City and Slow any-brown, soft yellow and shades of pink, metamorphosed from Springs washes, as spherulitic nodules in lava. chrysotile. Onyx Sandstone and quartzite Like agate, a banded chalcedony, b1.lt the layers are even and the banding parallel. Compacted or cemented quartz sand. Widely distributed in Yavapai County-Near Morgan City and Slow Springs washes, large quantities throughout the state. In some localities it has as spherulitic nodules in lava. been quarried for building purposes. Flint CRYPTOCRYSTALLINE QUARTZ Similar to chalcedony, but more opaque, of dull colors, gen erally gray, smoky brown, and brownish black. Chalcedony Coconino, Mohave, and Yuma counties-As irregular nodules Includes cryptocrystalline quartz with a waxy or greasy luster, in limestones, especially of the Kaibab formation, and as stream either transparent or translucent, ranging from white through pebbles. 86 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA OF ARIZONA 87 Chert A colloid deposited at low temperature. Occurs in veins; de posited by hot springs; also formed by weathering of rocks. Makes An impure, flinty rock, including hornstone and certain jaspers. up the siliceous skeletons of many sea organisms. Some precious Abundant in many limestones of the state, as irregular sheets, opal is formed by replacment of wood. Varities are based OIl dif lenses, and nodules. ferences of color, structure, or origin. Jasper Precious opal Impure, opaque cryptocrystalline quartz, commonly red but Exhibits a play of delicate colors. also yellow, dark green, brown, and grayish blue. Maricopa County-Reported from the vicinity of Morristown. Jasper, like chert, is widely distributed throughout the state, In pink rhyolite at an undisclosed locality near Castle Hot but in much smaller amount. It is most abundant as petrified Springs. wood of the Petrified Forest and elsewhere in Apache, Navajo, Mohave, and Yuma counties. Mohave County-Fire opal in tiny specks in Union Pass west of Kingman under a power line. Silicified (petrified) wood Common opal Cryptocrystalline quartz pseudomorphous after wood. Large lychalcedony and jasper, commonly beautifully colored. In part translucent, most commonly milk white, brown, green Apache and Navajo counties-Principally in and around the or red. Petrified Forest, where many square miles are in part covered Cochise County-At Tombstone, as seams in ore. Lucky Cuss by silicified logs, branches, and fragments. Also in the vicinity mine. of Nazlini Canyon, north of Ganado and at numerous other Maricopa County-On the north slope of Saddle Mountain localities. west of Hassayampa. Coconino, Mohave, and Yuma counties-Abundant along the Pima County-Silver Bell Mountains, as veinlets in the oxide Colorado River. zone of the Silver Bell mine. Lechatelierite Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, with chalcedony, 14 Naturally' occurring fused quartz. miles from Mayer on the Agua Fria River. Eureka district, Bag dad mine, in quartz veins. Also east of Black Canyon Road near Coconino County-At Meteor Crater, west of Winslow, where Moore wash. it was apparently formed by fusion of fine-grained sandstone. Hyalite TRIDYMITE Colorless and dear or whitish and translucent. As concretions or crusts with a globular or botryoidal surface. Commonly in cavi Si02. Colorless to white. Luster vitreous. Transparent to translucent. Streak un colored. H. = 7. G. = 2.26. Orthorhombic but pseudohexagonal, after high-tempera ties in basalts of other lava flows. ture tridymite. In minute, thin tabular crystals. Mohave County-Eastern slopes of the Black Mountains, north Quartz, tridymite, andcristobalite may be considered as poly west of Kingman. 0 0 mers. Quartz forms below 870 C., tridymite above 870 , and 0 Pinal County-Pinal Mountains, in cavities in dacite, Superior when heated to 1,470 tridymite passes to cristobalite. district. Chiefly in cavities in rhyolite, trachyte, and andesite, generally with sanidine, hornblende, or augite. Santa Cruz County-Grosvenor Hills, near Santa Cruz. Pima County-Roskruge Mountains, with cristobalite and an Yavapai County-Reported from several localities. auxite in cavities in andesite. Diatomaceous earth, diatomite; tripolite CRISTOBALITE Earthy material resembling chalk, made up of siliceous shells of diatoms, in places as extensive deposits. SiO,. Colorless. Luster vitreous. Translucent. H. = 7. G. = 2.30. Tetragonal (?). Cochise County-Near Curtis, deposit 4 to 8 feet in thickness pseudo-isometric. In small octahedral crystals. of considerable extent. The temperature polymer of quartz and tridymite forming 0 Graham County-Near Solomonville, a partly eroded deposit above 1,470 C. originally 16 to 18 feet thick. Pima County-Roskruge Mountains, associated with tridymite Pinal County-Along the San Pedro River, ~outh of.Mam and anauxite in cavities in andesite. moth, pure, snow white in beds 40.to 70 fee~ thIck covermg an area of 10 to 12 square miles. PartIal analysIs by H. A. Mann: OPAL Si02 FeO-Fe20. Aha. NaCI CoO Ign. loss Total 82.81 1.10 4.84 0.45 2.10 5.07 96.37 SlO,.nH"O. Comrnonly white, yellow, red, brown, green, gray, blue. Vitreous to resinous, pearly or waxy. Transparent to translucent. Conchoidal fracture. H. = 5-6. G. = 1.9-2.2. Amorphous. Massive, botryoidal, or stalactitic. On the Gila River 20 miles east of Florence. 88 UNIVERSITY OF 89 ORTHOCLASE-Potash Feldspar Widespread and occurs under the same conditions as ortho clase. Much of the potash feldspar commonly classed as orthoclase KAlSbOs. White or flesh-red, also colorless and gray. Luster vitreous to stony, pearly on cleavage faces. Transparent to translucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 6. is microcline. G. = 2.57. Monoclinic. Crystals commonly Carlsbad twins. Perfect basal, less perfect clinopinacoidal cleavage, making an angle of 90· with each other. Coarsely cleavable to granular massive. ALBITE-ANORTHITE-Plagioclase An abundant constituent of acid igneous rocks and pegmatites, NaAISbOs-CaAbS020s, forming a continuous series. White to dark gray; also blue, red, or green. Luster vitreous to stony; pearly on cleavage s1.!rf~c.es. Trans and in sandstones and conglomerates derived from them. Most parent to translucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 6. G. = 2.62-2.76. TJ?IclImc. Perf~ct basal less perfect brachypinacoidal, cleavage. Characterishcally twmned accordmg commonly as disseminated grains of various sizes and as large to the Albite law, visible as numerous minute striations on the basal cle;avage. As masses in the pegmatites. Also formed extensively by action of disseminated grains or imbedded crystals; also lamel~ar or granu~ar maSsIve. Int~r mineralizing solutions on wall rocks of ore deposits. Widely dis mediate members of the group are oligoclase, andesme, labradorrte, and bytowmte. tributed in all the acid igneous rocks of the state. Forms large Essential constituents of igneous rocks of intermediate and phenocrysts up to 2 or 3 inches long in some granites of pre basic composition. Also in gneisses, crystalline sc.hists, peg~atite, Cambrian and later ages. and coarse arkosic sediments. Abundant and WIdespread In the Mm'icopa County-Bradshaw Mountains, as pipes in granite rocks of state. up to 175 feet in diameter, Cave Creek district. Mohave County-Mined from pegmatites of the Cerbat and POLLUCITE Hualpai mountains. Thick veins are reported from the vicinity of H,Cs,Al, (Si03)o. Colorless. H. = 6.5. G. = 2.901. Isometric. Closely related to Hackberry. leucite. Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, reported as relatively Maricopa County-White Picacho district, at the Independence pure material near the old townsite of Middleton on the Crown Mine, as a reported but unconfirmed occurrence. King road. SPODUMENE Adularia LiAl(Si03)D. Greenish white, grayish white. Luster vitr~ous, somewhat pe;arly on cleavage surfaces. Transparent to translucent. Streak whIte. H. = 6.5-7. Bnttle. The pure or nearly pure potassium orthoclase, in transparent G. = 3.13-3.20. Monoclinic. crystals commonly twinned according to the Baveno law. Moonstone is adularia with an opalescent play of colors. Maricopa County-In some of the pegmatites of the White Gila County-Richmond Basin, an important gangue mineral Picacho district, especially the Morning Star and Midnight Owl. of the veins. Mohave County-Oatman and Katherine districts, a common PYROXENE GROUP constituent of the veins as white bands up to 2 inches in width between layers of quartz, as plates, as grains, and locally as ENSTATITE-HYPERSTHENE crystals with well-developed terminations. Gold is commonly associated with the adularia. Analysis by R. J. Leonard as follows: MgSiOs. Commonly contains iron. Gray, green, greenish black. Luster pearly to metalloidal. Streak uncolored to grayish or brownish. Translucent to nearly opaque. AbO, CaO NaoO K,O Total H. = 5.5. G. = 3.2-3.5. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Distinct pri.smatic cleavage at 17.64 0.32 1.76 15.08 angle near 90·. Commonly foliated massive. Hypersthene contams more than 15% 100.61 FeO. Bronzite exhibits a submetallic bronzelike luster. Pinal County-In the Mammoth-St. Anthony mine at Tiger. Common in basic igneous rocks such as gabbro, norite, and Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, as crystals in open peridotite, and in their extrusive equivalents. Commonly asso portions of the Cash vein, Hassayampa district. ciated with calcic plagioclase feldspars. Makes up the bulk of some Yuma County-Kofa Mountains, with banded chalcedony at rocks, such as pyroxenites. the North Star mine. Little Horn Mountains, in the gold-quartz Gila County-Dripping Spring Mountains, Banner district, veins of the Sheep Tanks mine. Reagan claims, near the "79" mine, Sanidine Navajo County-Twenty miles west of Dilkon, as dikes of hypersthenite in shale. A transparent, glassy variety of orthoclase occurring as cry Pima County-At Ajo, in the basal facies of the Batamote stals in rhyolite, trachyte, or other lava flows. andesite series. Celsian Santa C1'UZ County-Sparingly in the younger andesite of the "Barium orthoclase" BaAbSbOs. Patagonia and Santa Rita mountains. Yavapai County-At an undisclosed locality near Yarnell. PYROXENE MICROCLINE-POitash Feldspar In general (Ca,Mg)Si03, but commonly containing iron, aluminum, or manganese. Generally some shade of green; also n,early colorless, whIte, gray, brown, or black. KAISbOs. White or creamy yellow, red, and green. Luster vitreous to stony, pearly Luster vitreous to dull; in some van.ehes pearly or metalloIdal. Transparen! .to on the cleavage. Transparent to opaque. Streak white. H. = 6-6.5. G. = 2.54-2.57. opaque Streak white to gray and grayIsh green. H. = 5-6. G. = 3.2-3.6. MonoclImc. Triclinic. Crystals near orthoclase in angles and habit. Perfect basal, less perfect Crystals prismatic. Rather perfect prismatic cleavage at angle near 90·. Also granular brachypinacoidal, cleavage. Cleavable to granular massive. massive, rarely columnar or fibrous. 90 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 91 A common mineral in igneous rocks, some of which consist WOLLASTONITE CaSiO". White to grayish, yellow, red, or brown. Luster vitreous, pearly on cleav almost entirely of pyroxene. Most abundant in dark-colored age surfaces. Subtransparent to translucent. Streak white. H. = 5-5.5. G. = 2.8-2.9. Monoclinic. Crystals tabular or short prismatic. Perfect basal and orthopinacoidal volcanic rocks; also in crystalline limestone, dolomite, and schist. cleavage. Cleavable massive, bladed, fibrous, or compact. The pyroxene group includes several'subspecies based on com position. A contact mineral in crystalline limestone, common as gangue in contact-metamorphic ore deposits. Pigeonite Cochise County-Tombstone district, as radiating fibrous A mixture of MgSi03 and CaMgSbOu. General physical properties like those of diopside. masses in the Silver Thread and West Side mines. Gila County-Dripping Spring Mountains, Christmas mine, Occurs in diabase, basalt, gabbro, and other basic rocks, and Banner district. also as a product of contact metamorphism. Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, Rosemont, where large Cochise County-At Tombstone, as dark-green grains with masses of limestone are completely altered to wollastonite. Sier idocrase in the contact silicate zone of the Lucky Cuss mine. rita Mountains, throughout metamorphosed rocks of the Mineral Diopside Hill area. Silver Bell district, locally abundant. CaMgSbOu. Iron generally present in small amounts, increasing as the mineral Yuma County-Harcuvar Mountains, Cabrolla prospect, re grades toward hedenbergite. White, yellowish, grayish to pale green, dark green, and placing entire beds of limestone. black. G. = 3.2-3.3. In prismatic crystals, columnar aggregates, and granular masses. Generally of metamorphic origin, most abundant in crystal AMPHIBOLE GROUP line limestones. Cochise County-Bisbee district, as grains in unoxidized ANTHOPHYLLITE (Mg,Fe)7Si802dOH)2. Brownish gray, brownish green, emerald-green. Luster pyritic ores. Tombstone, as small pale-green crystals in the con vitreous. Translucent. Streak uncolored or grayish. H. = 5.5-6. G. = 2.85-3.2. Ortho tact zone of Comstock Hill. Little Dragoon Mountains, Johnson rhombic. Perfect prismatic cleavage at angles near 54' and 126'. Lamellar or district, as small grains in metamorphosed limestone. fibrous massive. Gedrite is a variety with considerable aluminum. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, common in meta A metamorphic mineral common in schists and gneisses, less morphosed limestones of rthe Longfellow formation. common in contact rocks. Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, in wall rocks of ore Mohave County-Hualpai Mountains, 10 miles east of Yucca, in bodies and in metamorphosed limestone, Helvetia district. Sierrita schist. Also from the Antler Mine. Mountains, in contact rocks, Twin Buttes area. Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, as gedrite in gan Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Westinghouse pro gue of the Westinghouse ores. perty, Duquesne. Yavapai County-Eureka mining district, precise locality not Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Henrietta mine, Big known. Bug district, with magnetite. AMPHIBOLE Hedenbergite In general (Ca,Mg)SiO", but commonly containing iron, manganese, aluminum, sodium or potassium, and hydroxyl. Black, various shades of green, dark brown, CaFeSbOo. Black to greenish black. G. = 3.4-3.58. In prismatic crystals, but yellowish, or white. Luster vitreous to pearly. Translucent to opaque. Streak paler generally massive with columnar or lamellar structure. than color. H. = 5-6. G. 2.9-3.4. Monoclinic. Crystals commonly prismatic. Perfect prismatic cleavage at angles near 56' and 124'. Granular massive, columnar, or fibrous. Characteristically of metamorphic origin. Pima County-Sierrita Mountains, ,common as gangue, San Amphibole includes several subspecies based upon composi Xavier district. tion. They are common, widely distributed rock-forming minerals, Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Westinghouse pro abundant in certain igneous and metamorphic rocks. perty, with diopside and other contact silicates. Cummingtonite Augite (Mg,Fe)SiO". Brown. H. = 5-6. G. = 3.1-3.6, depending on the amount of iron present. Usually fibrous, often radiating. Chiefly Ca(Mg,Fe,Al) (AI,Si)20o. Greenish, brownish, or black. G. = 3.2-3.4. As short, stout, prismatic crystals or as scattered grains. Mohave County-Antler Mine. Most commonly in basic igneous rocks, as gabbro, diabase, Grunel'ite and basalt. Widely distributed, and only a few typical occurrences (Fe,Mg)SiO" with manganese generally present. Brown. Silky luster. G. = 3.4-3.6. are listed. Graham County-Santa Teresa Mountains, in limestone con Cochise County-Tombstone district, in diorite porphyry dikes tact rocks, Stanley Butte district. and basaltic rocks. Yavapai County-Tip Top district, north of Foy Mine. Gila and Pinal counties-Abundant in diabase sills which in Tremolite trude rocks of the Apache group over large areas in central Ari Ca2Mg,Si80",,(OH)2. White to dark gray, generally with silky luster. G. = 3.0-3.3. zona. In the Dripping Spring Mountains with olivine and idding Crystals commonly long bladed. In columnar or fibrous aggregates or granular masses. site in Tertiary basalts. Yuma County-Abundant in metamorphosed limestones of the A common product of contact metamorphism, abundant in northern part of the county. some schists, and in some contact ores. 92 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 93 Cochise County-Bisbee district, the most abundant meta Kaersutite morphic gangue of the unoxidized pyritic ores. Tombstone dis trict, as long fibrous masses, Toughnut mine. Little Dragoon A titaniferous amphibole closely related to arfedsonite and Mountains, in metamorphic limestones. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, in metamorphosed barl&eov~:~~'CountY_Aslarge phenocrysts in. a campJ~nite dike limestones and in wall rocks of veins. about 8 miles south of Hoover Dam, on U.S. hIghway . Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, as gangue, West inghouse property. BERYL Yuma County-Dome Rock Mountains, as asbestos in marble Be"AbSi"O'8. Emerald-green, pale gr.een, llg. ht_ bl7 ~8'.e yellowG. = '2.75-2.8'.white LusterHexagonal,vitreous.di- ized limestones of the northern part of the range. Transparent to tra~slucent. Streak WhI1f' prismatic. Imperfect basal cleavage. hexagonal-dipyramldal. Crystals genira y r:ng0 Actinolite Coarse columnar, granular, or compac . .. . Ca2(Mg,FehSi8022(OHh Bright grass-green, dark green to grayish green. Com Most common in cavities in granite or pegmatite, also m tm monly in long prismatic crystals or in fibrous or bladed masses. ores and. mica schists' . Mountains as small colorless cry- Generally of metamorphic origin. Mountain leather is a fibrous Cochtse County-Dragoon 't Also reported variety in thin flexible sheets. stals with fluorite at the Boe~icke tungsten proper y. Cochise County-Little Dragoon Mountains, in metamorphosed from the Swisshelm MAounta~ns. R ge as crystals in pagmatite. limestones, Johnson district. Mohave County- quanus an, .. matite Graham County-Aravaipa and Stanley districts, as gangue of Wright Creek, 15 m~les south of pea~~_~r;~n~:YS~~ISP~~ to 12 contact-metamorphic ores. Galiuro Mountains, as mountain leath Beryl Wash, near Kmg:r:nan: as greems M matirte 15 miles er, Ash Peak. ~~~~~~l~~go~n~~~~~~;~~~ ~~~~~t~~'e:n~~stafse~p Greenlee County-Black Mountains, Oatman district, as thin to 9 'feet long sheets of mountain leather between layers of quartz, Big Jim vein. and ~8 inches in dias~ete~t Mountains as massive material and Pima County-Sierrita Mountains, abundant in contact rocks, Twin Buttes district. Ptma County- lern a .'. t th Bella Donna as beautiful blue-green crdy:stalls ~ 1~~:fitZy °i~ th~ Baboquivari Pinal CountY-Globe district, Old Dominion mine, as mountain Claim. Also from an un ISC ose leather along bedding planes of Mescal limestone. Mountains.. E k d' t . t Bagdad vicinity. Also in the perty,Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Westinghouse pro Yavapat County- .ur~ a 1.S nc, d haw Mountains, 4 miles Weaver Mountains, Hll~slde ~l~~it:~:i~S Peck Mining district, Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, in country rock, Iron southeast of. Wa&"one~ mil~~ ~st of the Crown King post office. Queen mine; as the fibrous variety with bournonite at the Boggs mine, Big Bug district. {~h~t~effi~:~~~ gI~~'ict: ~s ~r~stals ~ to 11 inches long in pegma- Yuma County-Harcuvar Mountains, Yuma Copper and Ca csoc~atedG~~~~~~~rrn~ltihr~~ies ~f broIla properties, as a replacement of limestone beds. tites, and east the For.tuna . Yuma oun y. d _ and rose-colored crystals m a matnx of Hornblende ~s yellOWIshmme, smallquartlavAenz. SSOCIaer. te d with .the . beryl areb' small masses of a An amphibole containing aluminum with ferric or ferrous iron, black, unidentified mineralcontammg colum lUm. . magnesium, calcium, and alkalies. Light green to dark green to black. G. = 3.2. A common constituent of igneous rocks, generally ZUNYITE most abundant in those of the diorite and syenite groups. Also in Approximately (AI(OH,F,Clb)".(AhSbO'2.) H . =7 . G. = 2.875. In minute trans- gneisses and schists and the chief mineral of the amphibolites. parent tetrahedrons. Cochise County-Tombstone district, as long prismatic crystals in the Schieffelin granodiorite. A rare mineral, probably formed as the result of metamor- Gila and Pinal counties-The principal constituent of the phism. C nt -Dome Rock Mountains, as small, t~anspar~nt, greenstone facies· of the Pinal schist. In intrusive bodies in the bul~~~edO~ry~aISfrom the Big Bertha Extension mme, 5 mIles vicinity of Picket Post Mountain, near Superior. southwest of Quartzsite. Greenlee County-Abundant in diorite porphyry, Clifton Morenci district. GARNET Pima County-At Ajo, as bodies of hornblendite, the largest 2,000 by 1,000 feet, in the Cardigan gneiss. Empire Mountains, as Essentially a silicate of. c'!lclU. ,d~gnes~Uiellow:. iron white,or manganese,green, ortheblack.compositionLuster varying with different varIetIes. Re, Streak white. H. 6.5-7.5. G. 3.5-4.3. phenocrysts in a diorite porphyry dike at the Prince mine. t~ t'pa~lyein1'0:, = = vitreous to resinous. Transparen\aCsshe~~~ egr~~~~ar dodecahedral or trapezohedral crysals. Yavapai County-Lenticular beds composed largely of horn AlsoIsometric,in toughhexoctahedrtalcompac m· aggregates. blende are found at many places in Yavapai schist. Yuma County-Harcuvar Mountains, as crystals more than an 11 of metamorphic origin. Most abundant.in ro~ks inch long near dikes in pre-Cambrian granite. der~:e~:o~ contact metamorphism of limestone; also I? SChIsts and gneisses. Several subspecies are based upon compOSItIon. 94 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 95 Grossularite OLIVINE Ca,A12(SiO.h. G. = 3.53. White to colorless, pale green, yellowish, brownish (Mg,Fe)"SiO,. Luster vitreous. Transparent to translucent. Stre~k uncolorE,d. yellow, cinnamon brown, and red. H. = 6.5-7. G. = 3.27-3.37. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Granular maSSlVe or as diS seminated grains. .C.ochise C?C?unty-Bisbee district, as rounded crystals in un ?xldlZed pyritIc ores. Tombstone district, of cinnamon-brown color Most abundant in basic igneous rocks such as gabbro, basalt, m contact-metamorphic zones; forms massive beds on Comstock peridotite, and diabase, formed by crystallization of m::gmas ric? ~ill.. Little Dragoon Mountains, a gangue of copper ores, Johnson in magnesia and low in silica. The clear green gem varIety of olI dIstrict. vine is known as peridot. Apache County-As clear green to brown stones of gem quality Pyrope at Buell Park, 10 miles north of Fort Defiance, and at Garnet Mg,A12(SiO,)". G. = 3.51. Deep red to nearly black. Ridge, just south of the state line. Transparent varieties are prized as gems. Cochise County-Tombstone district, in contact zone of Com stock Hill and in the Lucky Cuss mine. . Apache County-Navajo reservation, just south of the Utah Coconino County-In basalts of the San Francisco Mountains. lme, as pebbles of gem quality on Garnet Ridge. Also at Buell Gila County-In basalt rocks and stream gravels of the San ~ark,.n~ar Fort Defiance, in alluvium, agglomerate, and as inclu Carlos Indian Reservation near Peridot and Tolkai. A cut stone SIons m Igneous rock. from this locality weighed 25.75 ca~ats. ., . .. Almandite Pinal County-An accessory mmeral m dIabase SIlls WhIch m trude the Apache group in this and adjoining counties. Dripping Fe,AldSiO.),. G. = 4.25. Deep red to brownish red. Springs Mountains, with augite and iddingsite in Tertia~y ~asalts. Transparent varieties used as gems. Galiuro Mountains, in the contact zone between granodlOnte and Coconino County-Grand Canyon, in Archean rocks of the Cretaceous sediments. Inner Gorge. As crystals over an inch in diameter on Phantom Santa Cruz County-Sparingly in gabbro, diabase, and younger Creek. andesite of the Patagonia and Santa Rita mountains. Mo~ave County-Aquarius Range, as crystals in light-colored volcamc rocks at the south end of the range. FAYALITE Spessartite Fe,SiO,. Light greenish yellow, but brown to black after exposure. Luster vitreous to somewhat greasy. Transparent to translucent. Streak uncol0t;ed. H. = 6.5. G. = 4.1. Orthorhombic. Crystals like those of olivine. Commonly maSSive. red.Mn,A12(SiO.)s.G. = 4.18. Dark hyacinth red, sometimes with a tinge of vic:Jlet, to brownish An end member of the olivine series. Same origin and occur . Yavap~i C;ounty-In nearly all the pegmatites of the White rence as olivine, but comparatively rare. PIcacho dIStrict, as crystals up to 112 inch in diameter. Gila County - A minor constituent of volca!lic bombs and Andradite stream gravel in the vicinity of Peridot and Tolkal. Ca,Fe2(SiO,)". G. = 3.75. Various shades of yellow, green, brown, or black. MONTICELLITE . The most common. variety of garnet, particularly abundant CaMgSiO,. Colorless to gray. H. = 5. G. = 3.2. In small prismatic crystals or m contact-metamorphIC zones. grains. hise Coc. . Co~ntY-l?ragC:)Qn Mountains, common in wall rocks A rare member of the olivine group. of PY.rItIc ores m AbrIgo lImestone, Turquoise district. Cochise County-Tombstone district, as narrow bands in con Gtla County-Dripping Spring Mountains Banner district tact silicates on the fourth level of the Lucky Cuss mine. Christmas mine, in large massive beds.' , . Graham County-Aravaipa and Stanley districts, as gangue WILLEMITE m contact-metamorphic ores. At Stanley Butte as aggregates of well-formed green crystals. Zn2SiO,. Green, yellow, brown, reddish brown, flesh-pink, or white. Luster some what resinous and weak. Transparent to translucent. Streak uncolored: H. = 5.5. Greenlee County-CHfton-Morenci district, in altered lime G. = 3.9-4.2. Hexagonal, rhombohedral. Crystals. genEOrally hexa,gonal prisms. Basal ston~s, forming masses from 50 to 100 feet thick. cleavage. Cleavable to granular massive or in dissemmated grams. Ptma County-Empire Mountains, as zones of massive material A relatively rare mineral, most commonly found in crystalline a~ the conta~t of Paleozoic limestone and quar,tz monzonite. Sier limestones as a result of metamorphism; also as a secondary rita l\;Io~mtams, as z0!les up to 200 feet wide at Twin Buttes, and mineral in the oxidized zone of zinc deposits. contammg chalcopYrite ore. Santa Rita Mountains the common Cochise County-Chiricahuha Mountains, at Hilltop, as small est metamorphic product of limestones, Rosemont'. white ,to rose-colored prisms in cavernous rock. . Santa. C~z CountJ1-Patagonia Mountains, as crystals up to Gila County-Abundant at the Apache Mine, north of Globe 2 mches m dIameter m metamorphosed limestone, Westinghouse property. with vanadinite. Also at the Defiance mine with vanadinite and descloizite. 96 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 97 Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, as small grayish Cochise County-Tombstone district, in the contact zone of crystals on garnet rock on the nOl}th side of Modoc Mountain. Comstock Hill; Lucky Cuss mine, with monticellite, hillebrandite, Pima County-Tucson Mountains,as crystals on dump of pro and thaumasite. Little Dragoon Mountains, as small pale green spect 1 mile south of Old Yuma mine. Waterman Mountains, as crystals in metamorphosed limestone, Johnson district. small, barrel-shaped crystals at the Silver Hill mine, near the head Gila County-Dripping Spring Mountains, Christmas mine. of inclined surface tram. Pima County-From an undisclosed locality in the Baboqui Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as small colorless rhombs and bluish barrel-shaped crystals on wulfenite and vanadinite. In vari Mountains. veinlets with calcite from the McCarthy-Henshaw property south Yuma County-Abundant in metamorphosed limestones. of Casa Grande, highly fluorescent. Partial analysis as follows: ZIRCON Zn Pb Fe Mn Si02 Insol. 38.60 11.17 7.00 0.89 30.00 23.76 ZrSiO,. Colorless, pale yellowish, grayish, yellowish green, brownish yellow, Yuma County-Reported from a property near Wenden. reddish brown. Luster adamantine. Transparent to translucent and opaque. H. = 7.5. G. = 4.68. Tetragonal, ditetragonal-dipyramidal. Commonly in square prismatic crystals. Also in irregular forms and grains. DIO!PTASE A common accessory mineral of igneous rocks, generally pres H2CuSi04. Emerald-green. Luster vitreous. Transparent. Streak uncolored. ent as minute crystals, but commonly of large size in pegmatites. H. = 5. G. = 3.28-3.35. Hexagonal, rhombohedral. Perfect pyramidal cleavage. In Also in crystalline limestones and schists, and in sands. prismatic crystals or crystal aggregates. Cochise Courity-Bisbee district, as small crystals in Pinal A rare mineral of secondary origin found with oxidized copper schist with tourmaline, and in granite northwest of Bisbee. Tomb minerals. stone, as microscopic grains in light-colored intrusive rocks. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, Bon Ton mine, as Gila County-In Pinal schist, Madera diorite, and Ruin granite. crystals in cavities in chrysocolla. Greenlee County~Clifton-Morencidistrict, in granite. Gila County-Payson district, as small prismatic crystals, Ox Mohave County-The variety cyrtolite, which contains uran- Bow and Summit mines. ium, has been found near Kingman. Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as deep emerald-green aggre Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, in granite porphyry. gates of small crystals. Superior district, Magma mine, as deep green crystal incrustations from the upper levels, particularly Pinal County-Sparingly in Pinal schist. from the outcrop at the No. 1 Glory Hole. Dioptase of identical Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, in granite. character was found on a mine dump near Riverside, on the Gila Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, sparingly in Brad River. shaw granite. Reported in possible commercial quantities from Yuma County-Buckskin Mountains, in small quantities, Chi the black sands of the Kirkland-Copper Basin placers. cago property. Yavapai County-From Amazon Wash, near the Gold Bar COFFINITE mine, Black Rock district, 15 miles northeast of Wickenburg. U(Si04h-x(OH)x (?). A uranous silicate with substitution of (OH) for (Si04) ions. Physical properties not fully determined. Black. H. = 5-6 (?). G. = may be SCAPOLITE--Wernerite about 5.1 or about 2.2. Tetragonal. Does not fluoresce. Occurs as extremely finely divided material, difficult to separate from other minerals and carbonaceous material. (Na,Ca)4Ah (AI,Si)3Si.024 (CI,COs,S04) to (Ca,Na).Ah (Al,Si):Si.024 (CI,Co., S04), Seems to occur with other uranium and with vanadium miner forming an isomorPhous series of which marialite and meionite are the respective end members. White, gray, pale green, bluish, or reddish. Luster vitreous to strong. als deposited under reducing conditions. Transparent to translucent. H. = 5-6. G. = 2.65-2.74. Tetragonal, dipyramidal. Imper fect prismatic cleavage. Crystals usually. coarse prismatic, or with fibrous appearance. Gila County-At the Workman No.1 mine, in Dripping Spring Also massive, granular, or columnar. quartzite. Formed by regional or contact metamorphism and therefore Navajo County-Near Holbrook, at the Ruth group claims. found in schists, gneisses or crystalline limestones. Also on Stinking Spring Mountain. Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, Black Canyon district, 6 miles south of Cleator, in the Yavapai schist. TOPAZ IDOCRASE--Vesuvianite (AI,FJ,Si04. Yellowish, white, grayish, greenish, bluish, reddish. Luster vitreous. Transparent to subtranslucent. H. = 8. G. = 3.4-3.6. Perfect basal cleavage. As prismatic orthorhombic crystals, granular masses or disseminated grains. CaluAh(Mg,FeJ,Sio034(OH)•. Yellow green to brown, rarely pale blue. Luster vitre ous. Subtransparent to translucent. Streak white. H. = 6.5. G. = 3.35-3.45. Tetragonal, ditetragonal-dipyramidal. Crystals prismatic or pyramidal. Commonly massive. Cochise County-Dos Cabezas Mountains, as masses weighing several hundred pounds, associated with quartz and muscovite in Formed by contact metamorphism of impure limestones. Gen coarse grained granite, 6 miles ESE of Dos Cabezas and % mile erally associated wirth grossularite, diopside, and wollastonite. SE of the Cottonwood mine on the William DeBorde property. 98 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 99 ANDALUSITE GADOLINITE AhSiO,. Whitish, rose-red, flesh-red, violet, pearl-gray, reddish brown, olive YFe"Be.(SiO.)202. May contain cerium oxide. Black, greenish black, brown. green. :Luster vitreous. Transparent to opaque. ::;treak uncolored. H. = 7.5. G. = Luster vitreous to greasy. Transparent to translucent. H. = 6.5-7. G. = 4-4.5. Crystals 3.16-3.2. Orthorhombic, dipyramidal. Crystals nearly square prismatic. Good prismatic prismatic with rough faces. More commonly massive. 9 cleavage near 90 • Commonly massive, with granular or columnar structure. A rare mineral, principally from pegmatites. Of either regional or contact-metamorphic origin, most com Mohave County-In pegmatite veins of the Aquarius Range, 30 monly in slates, but also in gneiss, mica schists, and other altered miles south of Hackberry, from which sever-al tons of the mineral rocks. Generally associated with sillimanite or kyanite, the mix have been mined. Near Kingman, and in the northern part of the ture commonly known as "spark plug ore." county, in sand dunes. Partial analysis by Chase Palmer as fol Gila and Pinal counties-Locally abundant in Pinal schist near lows: post-Cambrian granitic rocks. SiO" Yttria earths Ceria earths BeO FeO Total Mohave County-Cedar mining district, 11 miles east of Yucca, 24.21 38.86 11.50 11.50 11.56 95.83 in quartz veins in schist. Grand Wash Cliffs, Red Lake district, in pegmatite. Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, as scattered lenses and THALENITE disseminations in schist. Reported to occur in considerable quanti Y"Sh07. Flesh red. H. = 6.5. G. = 4.2. Monoclinic. In tabular or prismatic ties near Cleator. Large crystals of pinkish material have been crystals. A rare yttrium silicate. found near Middleton, on the Crown King road. Near Granite Mountains in extensive veins. Santa Maria Mountains, near Camp Mohave County-Reported from the Guy Hazen claims, near Wood, as flakes and nodules in schist. Also at Bagdad. Boulder Springs. Yuma County~Near Quartzsite, with kyanite and dumortier ZOISITE ite in schist. Ca~13(SiO')3(OH). Grayish white, gray, greenish gray, yellowish brown, apple green' rarely peach-red to rose-red. Luster vitreous. Transparent to translucent. SILLIMANITE Streak uncolored. H. = 6-6.5. G. = 3.25-3.37. Orthorhombic. Crystals prismatic, deep ly striated vertically. Perfect brachypinacoidal cleavage. In columnar to compact masses. AbSi05. Brown, grayish brown, grayish white, grayish green, olive-green. Luster vitreous. Transparent to translucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 6-7. G. = 3.23. Ortho rhombic, dipyramidal. Crystals long, slender, and not distintly terminated. Perfect Most commonly in crystalline schists from metamorphism by brachypinacoidal cleavage. In closely parallel groups, passing into fibrous and basic igneous rocks. Also from alteration of plagioclase feldspar. columnar forms. Cochise County-Tombstone district, microscopically in ig Of metamorphic origin, like andalusite with which it is com neous rocks. monly associated. Generally in gneisses and schists, less common Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, in scattered lenses in ly in contact-metamorphic deposits. schist, Eureka district, as an accessory mineral in bodies of titani Coconino County~Grand Canyon, abundant in the Inner ferous magnetite and in gangue of copper deposits at Bagdad. Gorge 1J2 mile downstream from Monument Creek. Yuma County-Dome Rock Mountains, in wall rocks of cinna Gila and Pinal counties-In Pinal schist near post-Cambrian bar veins. granite contacts. CLINOZOISITE Mohave County-Hualpai Mountains, Maynard district, in quartz veins cutting schist. Ca~ls(SiO.)3(OH). Colorless, light yellow, green, pink. Luster vitreous. Trans Yavapai County-Santa Maria Mountains, near Camp Wood, parent to translucent. H. = 6-6.5. G. = 3.25-3.37. Monclinic. Crystals prismatic. as veins, flakes, and nodules in schist. Eureka district, Bagdad vi Perfect basal cleavage. Also columnar and granular. cinity. Dimorphous with zoisite, for which it is commonly mistaken. Cochise County-Tombstone district, as small vitreous green KYANITE--Cyanne grains with idocrase, monticellite, and thaumasite, Lucky Cuss AhSi05. Blue, white, gray, green, black; commonly blue along the center of the mine. blades or crystals and white along the margins. Lusters vitreous to pearly. Trans Gila County-Miami district, as stringers and scattered grains parent to translucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 5-7, 5 on the cleavage parallel to the c axis, 6-7 on the cleavage normal to the c axis. G. = 3.56-3.66. Triclinic. Crystals in sericitized plagioclase of the quartz monzonite, Castle Dome long bladed and rarely terminated. Perfect macropinacoidal cleavage. In columnar or coarse granular masses. mine. Of metamorphic origin, like andalusite and sillimanite with EPIDOTE which it is commonly associated in schists and gneisses. Ca"(AI,Fe)3(SiO.)3(OH). Pistachio-green to dark green, also colorless to yell!lw. Yuma County-Near Quartzsite, with dumortierite and anda Luster vitreous to dull. Transparent to translucent. Streak uncolored or graYISh. H. = 6-7. G. = 3.35-3.45. Monoclinic. Crystals prismatic, commonly deeply striated. lusite in schist. Gila Mountains, 8 miles west of Wellton, on the Perfect basal cleavage. In granular, fibrous, or columnar masses, or as disseminated east side of the range. grains. Mohave County-Specimens have been received from this area A common contact-met-amorphic mineral in limestone, with by the Arizona Bureau of Mines, but the localities are not known. garnet and idocrase, and as gangue in contact-metamorphic -copper 100 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 101 deposits. Also in crystalline schist and gneiss, and an alteration Cochise County-Tombstone district, microscopic in grano product of such minerals as garnet, augite, hornblende, biotite diorite. and scapolite. ' Maricopa County-In a very coarse granite of the Estrellas Cochise County-Tombstone district, in shale and quartzite. Mountains southwest of Phoenix, as phenocrysts, up to 1 x % inch. Chiricahua Mountains, common; in the California mining district, Mohave County-Aquarius Range, in pegmatite with gadolin a copper-bearing epidote vein up to 5 feet wide extends for over ite. Cerbat Range, as small masses in pegmatite, at the Kingman a. mil~. Turquoise district, in wall rocks of pyritic deposits in Ab Feldspar mine. rIgo lImestone. Yavapai County-Eureka district, in pegmatite knots on the .Gila C01fnt1j-Pays?n district, :vith cha.lcopyrite, Harrington 7 U 7 ranch, near Bagdad, with triplite and bermanite. White claIms. DrIppmg Sprmg Mountams, ChrIstmas mine Banner Picacho district, as a rare accessory mineral. Also from near district. ' Yarnell. Graham County-Mount Turnbull, with chalcopyrite sphene a:pat~te, and. chlorite in micropegm~tite, Fisher prospect: Widely MELANOTEKITE dlstnbuted m contact copper deposIts, Aravaipa and Stanley dis (Fe.O,)Pbo(SiO.)3. Black to blackish gray. Luster metallic to greasy. H. = 6.5. tricts. G. = 5.73. Orthorhombic, prismatic. MassIve or cleavable. Greenlee County ~ Clifton - Morenci district principally in A rare lead silicate. meta!U0rphic rocks, rarely as well-defined crystais. Pinal County-Mammoth mine. Ptma ~ounty-SantaRita Mountains, widespread in metamor phosed .lImestones and wall rocks of copper deposits. Sierrita BERTRANDITE l\'Iountams, com~on as a metamorphic product and as an altera HoBe.SbO,. Colorless to pale yellow. H. = 6-7. G. = 2.60. Orthorhombic. In tIon p~oduot of dIkes. Santa Catalina Mountains, in contact copper small tabular or prismatic crystals. deposIts near Marble Peak, in places as splendid crystals. Occurs in pegmatites, associated with beryl. Santa Cruz County-Abundant in metamorphosed limestones Santa Rita and Patagonia mountains. ' Maricopa County-Independence claim, White Picacho district. Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, in lenses in the schist· Weaver district, in dikes, Rich Hill. Crystals with an indicated HEMIMORPHITE-Calamine pr.ism diameter of 5 inches have been found on Pylan (?) creek 12 Zn.SbO,(OH)2.H20. Colorless, white, yellowish, brownish; also blue or green. Luster vitreous. Transparent or translucent. H. = 4.5-5. G. = 3.4-3.5. Orthorhombic, mIles southeast of Wagoner. White Picacho district as small pyramidal. Commonly in tabular or prismatic crystals arranged in bunches, or crystals widely dispersed. ' grouped in sheaflike aggregates. Also in cavernous masses or layers. Yuma County-Abundant in metamorphosed limestones. Dome A mineral of oxidized zinc ores, generaliy with zinc carbonate, Rock Mountains, in the wall rock of cinnabar veins. which the massive varieties closely resemble. Cochise County-Tombstone district, sparingly as radiating PIEDMONTITE aggregates in oxidized ore, Empire and Toughnut mines. Tur Ca2(AI,Mn)3(Sio.)o(OH). Pink, rose-red, reddish brown, and reddish black. H. = quoise district, as incrustations and druses, Mystery and Silver 6.5. G. 3.404. Monoclinic. Crystals like those of epidote in habit. Commonly in rock masses.= Bill mines. Greenlee County-Clif,ton-Morenci district, as small transpar The .rare ~anganese.member of the epidote group. In some ent crystals on decomposed garnet rock, Shannon mine. crystalll~e SChIstS, rhyolIte, and closely related volcanics. Maricopa County-White Picacho district, as a supergene min Cochtse County-In andesitic rock of Pat Hills, northeast of eral after sphalerite, associated with hydrozincite. Pearce. Pima County-Empire Mountains, as small colorless crystals Pima County-In rhyolite and adjacent sandstone Tucson in smithsonite, Hilton mines. Sierrita Mountains, in small quan Mountains. Also in the Santa Rita Mountains near Madera Can tity in the San Xavier district. yon. Analysis of Paul H. M. P. Brinton as fol1~ws: Pinal County-Mammoth mine, as porous to compact granular AbO, masses and as slender needles bristling from quartz crystals on SiD" CaO Mn,Oo TiO, H 20 Total 37.43 21.27 24.75 11.80 0.10 0.96 100.11 the walls of open cavities. ALLANITE-Orthite TOURMALINE A silicate of variable composition, R.", R3'" (SiO.)o(OH) where R" - Ca Fe" Mg A complex silicate of boron and aluminum. Most commonly black or brown, also Na an!i R'" = AI, Fe,Fe"',Mn,Be,Ce,Ia,Y. Brown to black. Luster sUbmetallic Pitchy' blue, green, red, rarely white or colorless. Luster vitreous. Transparent to trans or res.mous. Slfbtral)-slucent to opaque. H. = 5.5-6. G. = 3.5-4.2. Monoclinic. In tabular lucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 7-7.5. G. = 3.0-3.25. Hexagonal, ditrigonal-pyramidal. or aCicular prismatic crystals. More commonly massive or as disseminated grains Crystals prismatic, rarely flattened. Also in columnar, coarsely fibrous, or compact Often coated with a yellow-brown alteration product. . masses. ~n accessory ~ineral in granite, syenite, diorite, or pegmatite, Common in granitic crystalline rocks, particularly pegmatites, o~ m m~tamor.1~hlC rocks derived from these. Commonly asso generally with quartz, albite, microcline, and muscovite. Trans cIated wIth bodIes of magnetite. parent colored varieties are prized as gems. 102 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 103 C.och~se CQu1'!:ty-As miscroscopic prismatic crystals with zir HILLEBRANDITE C(:>U I;n Pmal. SChISt. As nests of small prismatic crystals in musco vIte m gramte northwest of Bisbee. Ca2SiO,.H20. White. H. := 5.5. G. := 2.7. Orthorhombic. In radiating fibrous masses. Coconino County-Grand Canyon, as black crystals in pegma Exceedingly rare, formed by contact metamorphism of lime tites, Hermit Creek. stone. Cochise County-Tombstone district, Lucky Cuss mine, with Maricopa County - Mazatzal Mountains, in cinnabar veins. monticellite and idocrase. lVful?my. Mount DUMORTIERITE ANALCIME-Analcite NaAISisO•.H20. Colorless to white, also grayish, greenish, yellowish, or reddish. AlsBSisOlo(OH). Lilac, blue, bluish green, rose, pink. Luster vitreous. Trans Luster vitreous. Transparent to translucent. H.:= 5-5.5. G.:= 2.27. Isometric, hexocta parent ~o translucent. Streak uncolored. H. := 7. G. := 3.26-3.36. Orthorhombic hedral. Generally in trapezohedral crystals. Also granular to compact massive. prIsmatIc. Po,?r pinacoidal cleavage. Generally in fibrous to columnar aggregates' frequently radIatmg. ' One of the more common zeolites, formed in cavities in basic Most common as a metamorphic mineral in schist and gneiss lavas. Also a component of some basic igneous rocks. and generally associated with sillimanite or kyanite. Used i~ Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, in microscopic cavities manufacture of refractory porcelain. of amygdaloidal basalts, Rosemont camp. Yuma C.ountY-As fine fibrous material in boulders along the Yavapai County-As small crystal grains making up the bulk Colorado RIver between Ehrenburg and Yuma and in schist near of granular beds in the Big Sandy Valley a few miles east of Wik Quartzsite. Associated with kyanite and alte;ed to pyrophylite. ieup, formed from the alteration of glassy volvanic ash in the Average analysis by W. E. Ford as follows: presence of strong solution of sodium salts. Si02 Ab03 Fe203 B20" H20 29.86 63.56 0.23 5.26 1.41 SCOLECITE CaAI2SisOlO.3H20. White to flesh-pink. Luster vitreous to silky when fibrous. STAUROLITE Transparent to translucent. H. := 5-5.5. G.:= 2.16-2.4. Monoclinic. Crystals slender prismatic. Most commonly fibrous and radiating. Also massive. .Fe"Al5SbOJ2 (OH). Dark reddish brown or brownish black. Luster subvitreous to resmous~ to dull Or earth:y:.. Streak uncolored to grayish. Translucent. H. := 7-7.5. One of the less common members of the zeolite family, but G. := 3.05-3.75. Orthorhombic. Generally in twinned prismatic crystals having the having the same origin and associations as the other members of form of a cross. that group. .In crystalline sc~ist as a result of regional or contact metamor Gila County-At Black Point, near railroad station of Calva. phIsm, generally wIth garnet, sillimantte, andalusite kyanite or tourmaline. ', Graham County-At Black Point, some 4 miles below Geroni mo on the Gila River, as amygdaloidal fillings up to lf2 inch in C;0conino County-Grand Canyon, as brownish red stout pris diameter in basalt. The mineral is nicely fluorescent. matIc crystals with garnet in metamorphic rocks of Lone Tree Canyon. THOMSONITE Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mountains, in schist near contacts Ca,Na2) A12Si02%H20. Snow-white to reddish green; impure varieties known. with granite bodies. Luster vitreous to pearly. Transparent to translucent. H. := 5-5.5. G. := 2.4. Ortho rhombic. Commonly in radiating fibrous spherical concretions; also compact. 104 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 105 Most common in cavities in amygdaloidal lavas, locally w1th COOKEITE nepheline as an alteration product. (OH)6LiAbSbO•. White, yellowish, pale pink, green, brown. H. = 2.5. G. = 2.67. Monoclinic. Micaceous cleavage. Flexible but not elastic. Pinal County-As radiating fibrous amygdules in basalts just east of the highway about midway between Tucson and Florence. An uncommon mica occurring as an alteration product. Maricopa County-White Picacho district, as rare coatings of MUSCOVITE-White Mica pale pink flakes and foils commonly grouped in felt-like aggre gates on lepidolite and spodumene, and filling fractures in the KAbSi:,01o(OH)2. Colorless, gray, brown, pale green, yellow. Luster vitreous to interior parts of several lithium-bearing pegmatites. pearly or silky Transparent to translucent. Streak uncolored. H. = 2-2.25. G. = 2.76-3. Monoclinic. Crystals tabular with rh!lmbic or hex,:,-gonal outline. Perfect basal cleavage, yielding thin plates which are fle;> Essentially (Mg,Fe) 0 (AI,Fe"') 2Sia01o (OH) 8. Includes several minerals with similar R'OSCOELITE chemical, crystallographic, and physical properties. Generally some shade of green. Luster vitreous to pearly. Transparent to translucent. H. = 2-2.5. G. = .2.6-?9. Essentially a muscovite in which vanadium has partly replaced aluminum. Monoclinic. Crystals tabular and pseudohexagonal. Perfect basal cleavage, Yleldmg Clove brown to greenish brown. H. = 2.5. G. = 2.97. In minute scales, with mica flexible but nonelastic plates. Commonly foliated massive, as scaly aggregates or ceous structure and cleavage. disseminated particles. A rare vanadium mica. Most common in crystalline schist, in places making up a con Apache County-Monument Valley, Monument No.2 mine, siderable proportion of the rock. Also resulting from alteration of with many other vanadium and uranium minerals. ferromagnesian silicates such as biotite, pyroxene, or amphibole. Widely distributed in the state. LEPIDOLITE-Lithia Mica CRONSTEDTITE-Cronstedite K2LioAI.Si702t(OH,F)3. Rose-red, violet-gray, lilac, yellowi~h, grayish, white. 4FeO.2Fe2033Si02.4H20. Black to brownish-black. Luster pearly to dull. Trans Luster pearly. Translucent. H. = 2.5-4. G. = 2.8-3. Generally m cleavable plates, lucent to opaque. Streak dark olive-green. H. = 3.5. G. = 3.34-3.35. Monoclinic. also coarse to fine 'granular. Perfect basal cleavage. In tapering pyramidal crystals, divergent groups, or amor phous. A mineral of lithia-bearing granite pegmatite, generally asso A comparatively rare mineral of the chlorite group. ciated with lithia tourmaline, amblygonite, and spodumene. Mohave County-Aquarius Range, in a vein traversing a Maricopa County-White Picacho district, as light pinklsh "granite dike," with sphene, monazite, apatite, chevkinite, and gray to deep lilac or lavender compact aggregates and small books quartz. in lithium-bearing pegmatites. Southwest of Wickenburg on Boyd-Fortner claims. Also west of Morristown near the Garcia VIRIDITE mine. Vulture Mountains, at eastern end, and in Harquahala Fe.SbOo.3lliO. Leek green. H. = 3. G. = 2.89. Micaceous cleavage. Compact, Mountains, in masses almost identical in appearance to muscovite. composed of minute scales and needles. Yavapai County-Eureka district, from pegmatites of the Bag An uncommon ferruginous chlorite. dad area. Pinal County-Reported from the Mammoth mine. 106 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 107 VERMICULITE Maricopa County-As massive green waxy material in pegma tite 10 miles south of Wickenburg. Includes several hydrated silicates, in part related to the chlorites. Composition varies widely. White to yellow and brown, with pearly or bronzelike luster. Gen Yavapai County-Relatively pure material in appredable erally soft with micaceous cleavage, occurring in flaky or scaly masses. Exfoliates quantity is reported from the Eureka district. when heated, swelling to several times the original thickness or opening into long. wormlike threads. An alteration product, chiefly of the micas, found in highly SEPIOLITE-Meerschaum altered rocks. Mg2Sb08.2H20. White, grayish white, or faintly yellowish. Luster dull and earthy. Maricopa County-Reported from near Aguila and between Streak white. H. = 2-2.5. G. = 2. In compact masses with smooth feel and earthy texture, a mixture of fine fibrous material and an amorphous substance apparently of Wickenburg and the Vulture Mountains. the same composition. Mohave County-In northeastern part of Hualpai Mountains. An alteration product of magnesian rocks and generally asso ciated with serpentine or magnesite. SERPENTINE Mm'icopa County-Reported from a locality 42 miles north of (Mg3Si205(OHj,. Green, brownish, and yellowish to white. Luster resinous, greasy, Phoenix and 2 miles east of Highway 69. silky to earthy. Translucent. H. = 2-5, usually 4, may be harder. G. = 2.2-2.65. Monoclinic. Antigorite is platy, granular or massive; chrysotile is a fibrous variety. Yavapai County-In the basin of the Santa Maria River west of the McCloud Mountains, as completely crystalline, fibrous ma Of secondary origin, from alteration of nonaluminous magne terial, without any indication of an "amorphous" constituent. sian silicates, particularly olivine, amphibole, or pyroxene, in Analysis by Albert J. Kauffman, Jr., as follows: places in large rock masses derived from peridotite or other basic Si02 AGO, Fe203 CaO MgO igneous rocks. Also a common product of contact metamorphism 54.83 0.28 0.45 0.55 24.51 of magnesian limestones. Chrysotile is the chief source of asbestos. Na20 K20 H20 (-) H20 (+) Total Cochise County-Tombstone district, in altered limestone, 0.35 0.03 8.18 10.74 99.92 Lucky Cuss mine. Chiricahua Mountains, aschrysotile with con tact-metamorphic ·ores. Dos Cabezas Mountains, in metamor IDDINGSITE phosed limestone. County~Grand iliMgFe2SbOH (?). Brown; reddish by transmitted light. Bronzelike luster. H. = 3. Coconino Canyon, as chrysotile, Bass and G. = 2.5-3.8. Orthorhombic. Pinacoidal cleavage. As small disseminated flakes or foli Hance properties, where the pre-Cambrian Bass limestone has ated masses. been altered by diabase sills. A relatively uncommon mineral formed by alteration of oli Gila County-The most extensive deposits of chrysotile in the vine in basic rocks. state are north and northeast of Globe along the Salt River in the vicinity of Chrysotile and along Cherry Creek. The deposits Cochise County-Tombstone district, as microscopic particles originated through metamorphic action of diabase intrusives up in basaltic rocks. on pre-Cambrian Mescal limestone. Analysis by R. E. Zimmer Gila and Pinal counties-Pinal Mountains, as small reddish man as follows: plates in the basalt flow above the Mescal limestone. Dripping Spring Mountains, as pseudomorphs after olivine in Tertiary MgO Si02 Ah03 FeO CaO iliO Total (1) 42.05 41.56 1.27 0.64 0.00 14.31 99.83 basalt. (2) 41.85 41.35 0.91 0.69 0.07 13.34 98.21 GLAUCONITE Other deposits occur in the Pinal and Mescal mountains and in the Pinto Creek region. K2(Mg,Fej,Alo(Si.Olo)3(OH)r2. Dull green. Soft. Generally amorphous and re Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, as yellow trans sembles earthy chlorite. parent material on the ridge just west of Morenci, and at the Abundant only in rocks known as "greensands," and in ocean Thompson mine as green, banded material with magnetite. sediments near continental shores. Believed to have been formed Pinal County-Globe district, Old Dominion mine, as massive by alteration of such minerals as augite, hornblende, and biotite. yellow to green material in diabase and Mescal limestone. Surface oxidation of glauconitic sediments has in some places formed iron ores. TALC Mohave County-Big Sandy Valley, east of Wickieup, as ex tensive glauconitic sand beds. Mg3Si,Olo(OH)2. Green to white; brownish or reddish if impure. Luster pearly to Greenlee County-In Clifton-Morenci district, glauconite (?) dull. SUbtransparent to translucent. Streak white. H. = 1. Feels greasy. G. = 2.772.8. Monoclinic. Perfect basal cleavage yielding thin flexible plates. Generally occurs in shale of the Morenci formation and in green shales folIated, also granular to compact massive. Rocklike material is also known as soapstone or steatite. above the Coronado quartzite. Formed by alteration of nonaluminous magnesian silicates. Commonly associated with serpentine. KAOLINITE GROUP Abundant in the mining regions of the state where meta White, grayish, yellowish, also brownish, bluish, or reddish. Luster pearly to dull morphism has occurred, but usually highly impure. and earthy. H. = 2-2.5. G. = 2.6-2.63. Monoclinic. Perfect basal cleavage. In thin scales or plates constituting claylike masses. r 108 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 109 . T!J.e Kaolini~e group incllfdes five minerals; of these kaolinite, Bentonite, both swelling and nonswelling varieties, an altera ~tcktte, h~lloyszte, and nacnte ~ave the same chemical composi A12S120~ (~H~ tion product of volcanic glass, ash or tuff, is largely comp?sed.of tIon, 4, and endelltte has the composition AI2Si20;; montmorillonite. Only reported occurrences of montmorIllomte (~H) 8· K~ohmte IS the most important member of the group are in bentonite. bemg a wIdespread component of soils where it is the result of Apache, Navajo, and Coconino counties-~enticular b.eds of weathering processes. It is rarely the ~esult of low-temperature bentonite occur in the lower part of the Chmlee formatIOn. hydrothermal processes. Cochise County-East of Elgin. Reported 2 miles south of Dic~ite is of wi~es~read occurrence in certain types of min Benson. eral vems. Halloyslte IS abundant in soils as in endellite from Maricopa County-Bentonite occurs 2 miles northeast of Wick whi~h it is derived. Thes.e five minerals are properly termed enburg and has been reported from the vicinity of Phoenix. Poor kaolm. ~lthough the term IS commonly extended to include other quality bentonite near Carl Pleasant dam. clay mmerals o! simila:composition and origin, properly only Mohave County-Reported as bentonite from the southern the above-mentIOned mmerals are included. part of the county and east of the Bi~ Sandy River; . . In the following occurrences, unless specifically indicated, the Pinal County-Near Ray and SuperIor, as benton.1te. mmeral members o~ the group have ~ot been differentiated. Only Yavapai County-In Thompson Valley, between KIrkland and occurrences of relatIvely pure materIal are listed. Yava, in bentonite. Also from near Wagoner. Cochise County-Bisbee district as nearly pure kaolinite in Yuma County-Bentonite occurs near Wellton and Bouse. snow-whi~e waxy masses, fr?m th~ second level of the Copper Qlfeen mme; also ~s ~alloyslte in small quantities, South West SAUCONlTE mme, Tombstone dIStrIct, Toughnut mine. Silver Bill mine Tur- Approximately (Zn,Mg,AI,Fe)a(AI,Si)4(ho(OH)2. Other properties presumably the quoise district. ' same as for montmorillonite. Gila County-Globe district in chalcocite and oxidized zones wher~ A proposed name for the recently characterized zinc membe;r Old Dominion mine. Miami district, Castle Dome mine of the montmorillonite-nontronite-saponite group of clay min halloysite and endellite occur as small masses filling op~n frac tures in quartz monzonite. erals. This substance was previously referred to as "tallow clay." Pinal County-Superior district, Magma mine, as soft, waxy Greenlee Count¥-Clifton-Morenci district, in large masses at Lon~ellow gougelike material from near the low~r limit of oxidation, asso th.e mme, at;ld in snow-white mammillary masses ciated with coronadite. Partial analYSIS as follows: wIth azurIte and malachIte at the Copper Mountain and Mam moth mines. Si02 AhOa Zn 33.6 22.0 14.6 Pima County-Silver Bell Mountains, as large masses in wall rock on the upper levels of the EI Tiro mine. Gila County-Miami district, Castle Dome area, as purplish, waxy lumps in highly manganiferous material. ANAUXITE PYROPHYLLITE AbSiaOS.2H20. White. Luster pearly. H. ::= 2.5. G. ::= 2.524. Monoclinic. Perfect basal cleavage. In crystal plates with hexagonal outline. AbSi,O,0(OH)2. White, apple-green, gray, brown. Luster pear!y. to dUll. Trans lucent. Streak white. H. == 1-2. Feels greasy. G. == 2.8-~.9. MonoclImc. Perfect basal cleavage. In radiating, lamellar, or fibrous rosettes, or m folIated, granular compact, A.kaolinlike mineral believed to be of wide occurrence in clays. or cryptocrystalline masses. pzma County-Roskruge Range, as minute pale brown tabular crystals with tridymite and cristobalite in cavities in andesite. In schistose rocks, largely of metamorphic origin, but may . also form as an alteration product. Commonly associated with kyanite. Massive varieties closely resemble talc. BEIDELLITE Mohave County-Williams River, near Alamo, Cactus Queen ~3AhOa.5Ab03.38Si02..12H20(CaO,Na20). White, reddish or brownish gray. Waxy mine. Also reported in large quantities from southeast of Yucca. to vItreous luster. In thm crystal plates. Yuma County-Near Quartzite, with dumortierite and kyanite. Gila County-Miami district, Castle Dome mine where it oc Near Alamo Springs, 27 miles southeast of Quartzite, as a deposit curs as veinlets, fine aggregates and scattered flakes 'in the altered reported to be 8 feet in width and extending for some 3,000 feet. quartz monzonite. Also reported from Bouse vicinity. MONTMORILLONITE CATLINITE bl .5AhOa.2MgO:24Si026H20 (Na20,CaO). White or grayish to rose-red, brownish, A clay-like mineral or mineral substance. Ulsh, or greemsh. Luster feeble. H.::= 1-1.5. G. == 2. Massive and claylike.\ Yavapai County-Reported from near Del Rio. Most important member of the montmorillonite-beidellite nontronite-saponite-sauconite group. An intermediate product of NONTRONITE-Chloropal a progressive alteration of aluminous minerals or volcanic glass Nearly 6Fe20a.AbO".22Si02.6H20 (Na20,CaO). Canary yellow, slightly greenish. of which the kaolinite group is the end product. Luster dull to waxy. Opaque to subtranslucent. H. == 2.5-4.5. G. = 1.727-2.105. Forms onion-shaped masses, also compact massive to earthy. --r- ------. -~~ I 110 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 111 An iron-rich clay forming an isomorphous series with mont SHATTUCKITE morillonite and beidellite; analagous with kaolin but not in kaolin 2CuSiO".H"0. Color blue. G. = 3.8. Monoclinic. In compact, granular, or fibrous group. Commonly contains impurities of quartz, opal, manganese masses. oxides. A secondary mineral of uncertain origin. Morencite is identical with nontronite. An alteration product of other secondary copper minerals. . Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, as silky seams in Cochise County-Bisbee district, Shattuck mine. limy shale, Arizona Central mine. Pima County-Ajo, in veins, New Cornelia mine. Tortolita Pima County-Santa Rita Mountains, in metamorphosed wall Mountains, exact locality undisclosed. rock, Pauline mine, Helvetia district. Yavapai County-Black Hills, in limonite of the gossan, United PLANCHEITE Verde mine. 3CuSiO".H20. Blue. H. = 5.5. G. = 3.3. Fibrous or mammillary. In appearance is identical with shattuckite. CHRYSOCOLLA Pinal County-Galiuro Mountains, Table Mount~in m.ine, ne~r Klondyke, as blue crystalline grains and masses dlssemmated m CuSi03.2lliO. Green to bluish green, sky-blue, and turquoise-blue. Luster vitreous to earthy. Translucent to opaque. Streak white. H. = 2.4. G. = 2-2.4. Crypto compact green conichalcite. crystalline. Generally enamellike in texture, also earthy. Of secondary origin, formed in practically all oxidized copper MOITE deposits. Generally mixed with tenorite and malachite. Only the Hydrous copper aluminum silicate. Bluish green. Mineralogical data not yet more important or interesting localities are listed. published. Cochise County-Bisbee district, a minor constituent of oxi Pima County-New Cornelia open pit, Ajo, as. p::le aquamar~~e dized ores. tufts and crystals filling the interstices of radlatmg spheruhtIc Gila County-Globe district, an important are mineral, parrti dark blue crystalline shattuckite. cularly at the Old Dominion mine. Miami <;listrict, in the Bulldog tunnel of the Inspiration mine, with malachite, chalcedony, and THAUMASITE quartz in aggregates of great beauty; Van Dyke property, with tenorite and azurite. Ca3SiO.(C03) (so.) .15H,O. White. Luster somewhat greasy to silky. H. = 3.5. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, in places as fine Fibrous structure. glassy-green specimens. Cochise County-Tombstone district, Lucky Cuss mine. Mohave County-Near Kingman, as specimen material of the fine color, Emerald Isle mine. SPURRITE Navajo County-White Mesa district, as cementing material 2Ca2SiO•.CaC03. Pale gray. H. = 5. G. = 3. Probably monoclinic. In granular, in beds of sandstone. cleavable masses. Infusible. Pima County-Silver Bell Mountains, Silver Bell district. As A contact metamorphic in limestones. clear emerald-green material, EI Ti,ro mine. Sierrita Mountains, Yavapai County-Reported from Bagdad. San Xavier and Mineral Hill districts. Pinal County-Mammoth mine, in places of gem quality. URANOPHANE Yavapai County-Black Hills, as a mammillary filling in Ter tiary conglomerate, Arizona-Dundee property. Bradshaw Moun CaO.2U03.2Si02.7H20. Yellow. H. = 2-3. G. = 3.81-3.90. Orthorhombic. In radiated tains, bright blue material, Copperopolis and Whipsaw proper aggregations, massive, fibrous. ties, Castle Creek district. Navajo County-Monument No.2 mine; C:ato Sells mine.. Yuma County-Buckskin Mountains, Planet mine. Pima County-From the Papago ReservatIOn, exact locatIOn unknown, as coatings along shear slickensides in altered andesite porphyry (?). BLSBEEJTE Santa Cruz County-In a vein near Alamo Springs, associated with autunite and uraninite. CuSiO•.H20. Color pale blue to nearly white. Orthorhombic. In massive aggre gates to fibers or thin laths. Coconino County-Beta-uranophane reported from the Cam- eron area. Formed by hydration of shattuckite, with which is it asso ciated. KASOLITE Cochise County-Bisbee district, Shattuck mine. PbO.UO".SiOo.H20. Yellow to brown. Luster resinous to greasy. H. = 4-5. G. Pima County-Ajo, in veins, New Cornelia mine. = 5.96. Monoclinic. Minute prismatic crystals. 112 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA Maricopa County-South of Buckeye, in pegmatite dike asso MINERAL INDEX ciated with polycrase. Acanthite 9 BRAUNIT::E~:::.:.__.::: ~ . SPHENE-Titanite ACTINOLITE 92 ADULARIA 88 BROMYRITE . Agate 85 Brongniardite ~. CaTiSiOo. Brown, gray, yellow, green, and black. Luster adamantine to resinous. AIKINITE 25 Transparent to translucent. Streak white. H. =: 5-5.5. G. =: 3.4-3.55. Monoclinic. Bronzite .. Crystals wedge-shaped and flattened. Distinct prismatic cleavage. Cleavable to com AJOITE 111 BROOKITE 33 pact massive. ALABANDITE 14 Brown iron ore 38 Alabaster, Oriental...... 47 Brown ocher 38 An accessory mineral in intrusive rocks of intermediate com Albite 89 BRUCITE 36 position, in gneiss and schist, and in granular limestone. Common ALLANITE 100 BUTLE..RITE 66 ly associated with pyroxene, amphibole, chlorite, and scapolite. ALMANDITE 94 Bytownite 89 ALUNITE 64 Cochise County-Tombstone district, microscopic in granodio ALUNOGEN 63 Calamine 48,101 rite and porphyries. AMBLYGONITE 71 Calciocarnotite 77 Amethyst 84 CALCIOVOLBORTffiTE 71 Graham County-Aravaipa district, Mount Turnbull, in micro AMPHIBOLE 91 CALCITE 46 pegmatite, Fisher prospect. ANALCIME 103 CALEDONITE 67 Yavapai County-Bradshaw Mounrtains, in schist, Butternut Analcite 103 CARNOTITE 76 ANATASE 32 CASSITERITE 32 mine, Big Bug district; as large crystals in granodiorite, Spring ANAUXITE 108 CATLINITE 109 field group, Pine Grove diskict. ANDALUSITE 98 CELESTITE 58 ANDERSONITE 52 CELSIAN 88 CHEVKINITE-Tscheffkinite Andesine 89 CERARGYRITE 42 ANDRADITE 94 CERUSSITE 49 ANGLESITE 58 CERVANTITE 33 A titano-silicate containing iron, thorium and members of the cerium group of ANHYDRITE 58 CHALCANTHITE 60 rare-earth metals. Black. Luster dull, velvety. Opaque. Streak white. H. =: 5-6. G. =: 4.5-4.67. Monoclinic or amorphous. Usually massive. ANKERITE 81 Chalcedony...... 84 Anorthite 89 CHALCOALUMITE 66 A rare mineral in granitic pegmatites. ANTHOPHYLLITE 91 CHALCOCITE 11 Antigorite 106 CHALCOPHYLLITE 76 Mohave County-Aquarius Range, in a vein traversing a ANTLERITE 63 CHALCOPYRITE 15 "granite dike," and intimately associated with sphene, monazite, APATITE 72 CHALCOSIDERITE 74 cronstedtite, and quartz. Analysis by Albert J. Kauffman, Jr., ARAGONITE 49 Chalcotrichite 26 and Howard W. Jaffe as follows: ARGENTITE 9 Chalmersite 17 ARSENIC 7 Chert 86 SiO, TiO, ThO, Ce,03 (La,Di) ,03 ARSENOPYRITE 20 CHLOANTHITE 22 12.04 17.08 0.82 25.29 18.35 Asbestos 106 CHLOROXIPHITE 45 Y,03 Ab03 Fe,03 FeO MnO ATACAMITE 45 CHEVKINITE 112 1.50 0.93 9.56 7.76 0.50 AUGITE 90 CHLORITE 105 CaO MgO P,O, AURICHALCITE 53 Chloropal 109 H,O Total ~ 3.35 0.74 0.38 1.50 99.80 AUTUNITE 75 Chrome spinel...... 38 AZURITE 54 CHROMITE 39 CHRYSOCOLLA 110 BARITE 57 Chrysoprase 85 BASSETITE 75 Chrysotile 106 BAYLEYITE 52 CINNABAR 17 BEAVERITE 65 CLAUDETITE 30 BECQUELERITE 35 CLINOZOISITE 99 BEIDELLITE 108 Cobalt bloom 69 Bentonite 109 COBALTITE 20 BERMANTITE 74 COFFINITE 97 BERTRANDITE ·101 Cohenite 5 BERYL 93 COLEMANITE 56 BEUDANTITE 76 COLUMBITE 40 BEYERITE 55 CONICHALCITE 70 BINDHEIMITE 76 CONNELLITE ~...... 65 BIOTITE 105 COOKEITE 105 BISBEEITE 110 COPIAPITE 66 BISMITE 33 COPPER 3 BISMUTH 7 Copper glance 11 BISMUTHINITE 19 COQUIMBITE 62 BISMUTITE 54 CORONADITE 39 Black mica 105 CORUNDUM 28 BOLEITE 45 CORVUSITE 34 BORNITE 12 COSALITE 26 BOURNONITE 25 COTUNNITE 44 BRACKEBUSOHITE 77 COVELLITE 17 114 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 115 LEPIDOCROCITE 36 Ocher CRISTOBALITE 86 Gahnite 38 LEPIDOLITE 104 Brown 38 CROCOITE, 67 GALENA 13 Lettsomite 65 Red 29 CRONSTEDTITE 105 GARNET 93 LIBETHENITE 72 yellow 38 CRYPTOMELANE 32 Gedrite 91 LIEiBIGITE 52 Octahedrite 32 CUBANITE 17 GERHARDTITE 56 Limestone 46 Oligoclase 89 CUMMINGTONITE 91 GIBBSITE 37 LIMONITE 38 OLIVENITE 71 CUPRITE 26 GLAUBERITE 59 LINARITE 63 OLIVINE 95 Cuprodescloizite 70 GLAUCONITE 107 LINDGRENITE 82 Onyx 85 Cuprogoslarite 61 GOETHITE 37 Litha mica 104 Mexican 47 Cuproscheelite 82 GOLD 1 LITHIOPHILITE 68 Marble 47 CUPROTUNGSTITE 82 GOSLARITE 61 Lodestone 38 OPAL ; 86 Cyanite 98 GRAPHITE 8 LOELLINGITE 20 Common 87 CYANOTRICHITE 65 GREENOCKITE 16 LOSEYITE 52 Precious 87 Cyrtolite 97 GROSSULARITE 94 Louderbackite 62 ORPIMENT 18 GROUTITE 38 DAVIDITE 35 Orthite 100 GRUNERITE 91 MAGNESITE 47 ORTHOCLASE 88 DELAFOSSITE 37 GUILDITE 66 MAGNETITE 38 DESCLOIZITE 70 GUMMITE 35 MALACHITE 53 PARALAUERIONITE 44 DIABOLEITE 45 GYPSUM 59 MANGANITE 36 DIAMOND 8 Marble 46 PARAMELACONITE 27 DIAJ'HORITE 25 HALITE 41 MARCASITE 20 PARAMONTROSEITE, 36 Diatomaceous earth 87 HALLOYSITE 108 MARIPOSITE 104 PASCOITE 78 Diatomite 87 HALOTRICHITE 62 MASSICOT 28 PEARCEITE 22 Dickite 108 MATLOCKITE 44 PENTLANDITE 17 HEDENBERGITE 90 Peridot 95 DIGENITE 10 HEMATITE 29 Meerschaum 107 Dihydrite 70 HEMIMORPHITE 101 Melaconite 27 Petrified wood 86 DIOPSIDE 90 HESSITE 10 Melanochalcite 27 PHOENICOCHROITE 67 DIOPTASE 96 HETAEROLITE' , 39 MELANOTEKITE, 101 PHOSGENITE 54 PICKERINGITE 62 DOLOMITE 50 HEWETTITE 78 MELANOVANADINITE 78 DOLORESITE 34 MELANTERITE 61 Picotite 38 Higginsite 70 PIEDMONTITE 100 DOMEYKITE 9 MERCURy 4 HILLEBRANDITE 103 PIGE.oNITE 90 Dry bone 48 HORNBLENDE 92 METACINNABAR 15 DUFRENOYSITE 25 PINTADOITE 78 Horn silver 43 METHEWITTITE 78 PISANITE 61 DUMONTITE 74 HUEBNERITE 79 METAROSSITE 78 DUMORTIERITE 102 Pitchblende 34 Hummerite 79 METATORBERNITE 75 PLAGIOCLASE 89 DYCRASITE 9 ME,TATYUYAMUNITE 77 HUREAULITE 68 PLANCHEITE 111 Hyalite 87 METAZEUNERITE 75 ECDEMITE 76 MIARGYRITE 25 PLATINUM 5 Elbaite 102 HYDROCERUSSITE 55 PLATTNERITE 32 Embolite 42 HYDROZINCITE 52 Mica 104 Pleonaste 38 MICROCLINE 88 EMMONSITE 67 HYPERSTHENE 89 PLUMBOJAROSITE 65 MICROLITE 40 Polianite 30 ENARGITE 24 MIMETITE 72 ENDELLITE 108 IDDINGSITE 107 POLLUCITE 89 IDOCRASE 96 MINIUM 28 Endlichite 73 MIRABILITE 59 POLYBASITE 22 ILMENITE 29 POLYCRASE 41 ENSTATITE 89 Moissanite 5 99 Iodobromite 42 Potash feldspar 88 EPIDOTE MOLYBDENITE 21 E,PSOMITE 61 IODYRITE 43 POWELLITE 81 IRON 5 Molybdite 82 PROUSTITE 23 Epsom salt 61 MONAZITE 68 ERYTHRITE 69 PSEUDOMALACHITE 70 JAMESONITE 26 MONTICELLITE 95 ETTRINGITE 66 MONTMORILLONITE 108 PSILIMELANE 37 EUXENITE 41 JAROSITE 64 Psittacinite 70 MONTROSEITE 36 Jasper 86 PTILOLITE 103 FAMATINITE 24 JOHANNITE 66 Moonstone 88 Morencite 110 PURPURITE 68 FAYALITE 95 PYRARGYRITE 23 Feldspar 88 KAERSUTITE 93 MORENOSITE 61 PYRITE 19 FERBERITE 79 Kamacite 5 Moss agate 85 PYROOHLORE 40 FERGUSONITE 40 Kaolin 108 MOTTRAMITE 70 PYROLUSITE 30 FERNANDINITE 79 KAOLINITE 107 Mountain leather 92 PYROMOPHITE ,72 FERRIMOLYBDITE 82 KASOLITE 111 MURDOCHITE 28 PYROPE 94 Flint 85 KORNELITE 62 MUSCOVITE 104 PYROPHYLLITE 109 KYANITE 98 Flos ferri 49 Nacrite 108 PYROXENE 89 Fluorapatite 72 PYRRHOTITE 16 Labradorite 39 NATROJAROSITE 64 FLUORITE 43 NAVAJOITE 34 Fluo:c:spar 43 LAUMONTITE 103 LAUSENITE 62 NICCOLITE 16 QUARTZ 83 Footeite 65 NICKEL-IRON 5 Cryptocrystalline 84 FOURMARIERITE 35 Lawrencite 5 LAZULITE 73 NITER 56 Phenocrystalline 83 Freibergite 24 Nitratine 55 Rose 84 FREIESLESENITE 25 LEAD 4 LEADHILLITE 55 NITROCALCITE 56 Quartzite 84 GADOLINITE 99 Lechatelierite 86 NONTRONITE 108 Quicksilver 4 116 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA RANSOMITE 62 SULFUR 8 RAUVITE 78 SWARTZITE 52 ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES REALGAR 18 Red ocher 29 Taenite 5 J. D. FORRESTER, Director RHODOCHROSITE 48 TALC 106 RHOMBOCLASE 59 TANTALITE 40 G. R. FANSETT, Mining Engineer Emeritus R. T. O'HAIRE, Associate Mineralogist RICKARDITE 12 TAPIOLITE 40 S. B. KEITH, Geologist H. W. PEIRCE, Associate Geologist ROEMERITE 62 TELLURIUM 7 Rock crystal 83 TENNANTITE .______23 R. T. MOORE, Principal Geologist G. H. ROSEVEARE, Metallurgist Rock salt 41 TENORITE 27 F. L. STUBBS, Associate Mining Engineer ROSASITE 53 TETRADYMITE 9 ROSCOELITE 104 TETRAHEDRITE 23 Rose quartz 84 THALENITE 99 SERVICES AVAILABLE FROM ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES ROSSITE 78 THAUMASITE 111 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, TUCSON, ARIZONA Ruby silver 23 THENARDITE 57 RUTILE 30 THOMSONITE 103 The ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES was created and placed under the authority Tiger-eye 84 of the Arizona Board of Regents in 1915 by an act of the State legislature. The Bureau TITANITE 112 is directly charged with developing, maintaining, and disseminating to the people of SABUGALITE 75 Arizona information relating to geology, mining, metallurgy, and earth sciences gener SAL AMMONIAC 43 TOPAZ ,______97 Saltpeter 56 TORBERNITE 74 ally. The Bureau's primary functions, therefore, are scientific investigation and public SAMARSKITE 41 TOURMALINE 101 service activities comparable to those conducted by geological survey agencies and Sandstone 58 Travertine 47 mineral experiment stations in other states. These primary functions are achieved SANIDINE 88 TREMOLITE 91 through the following continuing programs: Satin Spar 59 TRIDYMITE 86 1. Prepare and publish bulletins and circulars containing authoritative information SAUCONITE 109 TRIPHYLITE 68 on a wide range of topics of interest to prospectors, miners, and others concerned with SCAPOLITE 96 TRIPLITE 71 the development of Arizona's mineral resources and industries. The bulletins are SCHEELITE 80 Tripolite 87 distributed free of charge to residents and at cost to nonresidents of Arizona upon Schor! 102 Troilite 16 request. SCHROECKINGERITE .. 51 Tscheffkinite . 112 2. Classify mineral and rock specimens. Besides identifying rocks and giving the SCOLECITE 103 TUNGSTITE .. .__ 34 composition of minerals, the Bureau makes qualititative tests for important elements and SCORODITE 69 Turgite .__ . . 29 answers inquiries concerning the probable market for and the economic value of material Schreibersite 5 TURQUOISE . 74 TYUYAMUNITE 77 similar to samples submitted. This service is furnished free of charge providing the Selenite 59 specimens originate within the State of Arizona; a charge of $2 per specimen is made SELENIUM 7 URANINITE 34 for samples submitted from outside the State. Spectrographic analyses and detailed SENGIERITE 77 microscopic determinations are furnished at established rates, a schedule of which SEPIOLITE 107 URANOPHANE . 111 Sericite 104 UVANITE .______78 will be submitted on request. SEPENTINE 106 3. Conduct laboratory and pilot-plant metallurgical testing of mineral substances SHATTUCKITE 110 VANADINITE .___ 73 in cooperation with industries and individual mine operators in the State. Such tests SICKLERITE 68 VANOXITE 33 are conducted on the basis of nominal charges to compensate for wear and depreciation SIDERITE ,______48 VAUQUELINITE 67 of equipment needed in the experimentation. Silicified wood 86 VERMICULITE 106 4. Make geologic investigations and compile geologic maps and reports. Geologic SILLIMANITE 98 Vesuvianite . .___ 96 maps of each county, on a scale of 1: 375,000, have been issued and geologic reports _ SILVER 2 VIRIDITE . 105 on numerous mining districts have been made available as bulletins. In addition to SMALTITE 22 VIVIANITE .. .______69 maps and. reports on counties and mining districts, comprehensive studies of basic SMITHSONITE 48 VOGLITE .. 51 problems in the geology of Arizona are being carried out in order that the maximum Soapstone 106 VOLBOR'i'HITE 71 benefits may be derived by the people ofthe State by having a more complete knowledge SODA NITER 55 VOLTAITE 59 of its geologic setting. SPANGOLITE 65 Specularite 29 WAD . 31 5. Maintain a working file of statistical records of mineral production in Arizona. SPESSATITE 94 WAVELLITE .___ 74 6. Develop well-log'storage facilities and a library of data pertaining to oil and SPHALERITE 14 Wernerite .______96 water wells drilled in Arizona. . SPHENE 112 WHERRYITE . .___ 67 7. Conduct state-wide commodity studies as to modes of occurrence and potential SPINEL 38 White mica 1M industrial value of various mineral materials. Chrome 38 WILLEMITE 95 8. Collect and file items relating to Arizona mines and minerals that appear in SPODUMENE 89 WITHERITE 49 Arizona newspapers and in many technical periodicals. SPURRITE 111 WOLFRAMITE 79 The basic philosophy which obtains in the operation of the Arizona Bureau of Stalactite ______46 WOLLASTONITE 91 Stalagmite 46 WULFENITE 80 Mines is that of providing for the people of Arizona educational services in the earth STAUROLITE 102 WURTZITE 16 sciences which cannot be readily secured elsewhere, and furnishing advice and service Steatite 106 about mineral occurrences which cannot be obtained conveniently from commercial STEIGERITE 77 Yellow ocher 38 sources. STEPHANITE 22 An inquiry addressed to: Director, Arizona Bureau of Mines, of STEWARTITE 69 Zinc blende 14 Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, will bring a prompt response if further inj'ormaltiom STIBICONITE 33 ZINNWALDITE 105 desired about the services which are available. STIBNITE 18 ZIPPEITE 66 STOLZITE 81 ZIRCON 97 STRENGITE 69 ZOISITE 99 STROMEYERITE 11 ZUNYITE 93 1-3/70AL50/2275