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MINERALS OF ARIZONA by Frederic W. Galbraith and Daniel J. Brennan THE ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES Price One Dollar Free to Residents of Arizona Bulletin 181 1970 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA TUCSON TABLE OF CONT'ENTS EIements .___ 1 FOREWORD Sulfides ._______________________ 9 As a service about mineral matters in Arizona, the Arizona Bureau Sulfosalts ._. .___ __ 22 of Mines, University of Arizona, is pleased to reprint the long-standing booklet on MINERALS OF ARIZONA. This basic journal was issued originally in 1941, under the authorship of Dr. Frederic W. Galbraith, as Simple Oxides .. 26 a bulletin of the Arizona Bureau of Mines. It has moved through several editions and, in some later printings, it was authored jointly by Dr. Gal­ Oxides Containing Uranium, Thorium, Zirconium .. .... 34 braith and Dr. Daniel J. Brennan. It now is being released in its Fourth Edition as Bulletin 181, Arizona Bureau of Mines. Hydroxides .. .. 35 The comprehensive coverage of mineral information contained in the bulletin should serve to give notable and continuing benefits to laymen as well as to professional scientists of Arizona. Multiple Oxides 37 J. D. Forrester, Director Arizona Bureau of Mines Multiple Oxides Containing Columbium, February 2, 1970 Tantaum, Titanium .. .. .. 40 Halides .. .. __ ____ _________ __ __ 41 Carbonates, Nitrates, Borates .. .... .. 45 Sulfates, Chromates, Tellurites .. .. .. __ .._.. __ 57 Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates, Antimonates .._ 68 First Edition (Bulletin 149) July 1, 1941 Vanadium Oxysalts ...... .......... 76 Second Edition, Revised (Bulletin 153) April, 1947 Third Edition, Revised 1959; Second Printing 1966 Fourth Edition (Bulletin 181) February, 1970 Tungstates, Molybdates.. _. .. .. .. 79 Silicates .... ..____ _____ ______ __ 83 ELEMENTS Gold Platinum Tellurium Silver Iron Sulfur Copper Nickel-Iron Diamond Lead Arsenic Graphite Mercury Bismuth Selenium GOLD Au. Golden-yellow to pale yellow. Luster metallic. Opaque. Streak yellow. H. = 2.5-3. SeetHe, malleable, and ductile. Hackly fracture. G. = 19.3 when pure. Isometric, hexoctahedral. Distinct crystals rare. Skeletal crystals common with filiform, reticu­ lated, or dendritic shapes. Also massive, and in thin plates, flattened grains, or scales. Widely distributed in small quantities. Most abundant in ACKNOWLEDGMENTS quartz veins or in placer deposits from weathering of primary gold ores. Less commonly in the oxidized zone of sulfide deposits. Most gold of the early days in Arizona was recovered from This description of the minerals of Arizona has been compiled placers. These deposits, readily worked, soon declined in im­ largely from publications and manuscripts. Numerous persons portance; but placer gold is still produced in many localities of were also consulted regarding undescribed mineral deposits and the state. Much of the present gold production is from copper occurrences, and a great deal of valuable information was ob­ sulfide ores. tained from these sources. It is impracticable to list the numerous Arizona mines and prospects in which gold occurs. Descriptions and references are The writers are especially indebted to A. L. Flagg and other given in Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletins 137 and 142, further members of the Arizona Mineralogical Society for the many new references in Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 146 and 161, and localities which they have described. Alice D. Weeks, Geologist production figures in Bulletin 140. for the United States Geological Survey, provided a list of many .new minerals together with their occurrences. The assistance of Lode deposits Dr. Eldred D. Wilson, without whose intimate knowledge of Ari­ Cochise County-Warren (Bisbee) and Turquoise districts, zona's mineral resources many obscure localities would have with ores of copper, silver, and lead. Tombstone district, with remained unknown, is greatly appreciated, as is that of the host lead-silver ores. Pearce district, with silver ores. Dragoon Moun­ of other individuals whose interest in the mineralogy of Arizona tains, Manzoro district. Dos Cabezas Mountains, Dos Cabezas and has made this publication possible. Teviston districts. Huachuca Mountains. Swisshelm Mountains. Gila County-Globe-Miami district, with ores of copper and silver. Dripping Spring Mountains, Barnes district, with ores of copper, lead, and silver. Payson district. Graham County-Galiuro Mountains, Rattlesnake district. Pifialeno Mountains, Aravaipa and Stanley districts. Gila Moun­ tains. Santa Teresa Mountains. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci district, with ores of cop­ per and silver. Maricopa County-Vulture district, with lead and silver. Cave Creek district. Phoenix Mountains. Bighorn Mountains. Mohave County-Black Mountains, San Francisco and Kath­ erine districts. Cerbat Range, Cerbat, Chloride, Stockton Hill, and Mineral Park districts. Hualpai Mountains, Maynard district, with ores of silver. Gold basin district. Pima County-Ajo district, with ores of copper and silver. Baboquivari Mountains. Comobabi and Empire mountains with ores of copper, lead, and silver. Pinal County-Superior and Ray districts, with copper, silver, and lead ores. Mammoth district. Casa Grande district, with ores of copper and silver. Goldfield Mountains, Goldfield district. Santa Cruz County-Oro Blanco Mountains, with ores of lead, silver, and copper. Santa Rita Mountains. Patagonia Mountains. 2 UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MINERALS OF ARIZONA 3 Yavapai County-Verde district, with copper and silver ores. Cochise County-Tombstone, as disseminated flakes at the Em­ Bradshaw Mountains at the Big Bug, Peck, Walker, and Tiger pire mine, and as small masses of wire silver, Flora Morrison districts with ores of copper, silver, and lead; Hassayampa and mine. Bisbee district, in small amounts, with secondary chalcocite, Black Canyon districts with lead-silver ores; Pine Grove and more rarely with halloysite. Commonwealth mine, Pearce, with Agua Fria districts, with copper-silver ores; Groom Creek, Tur­ cerargyrite, embolite, and jarosite. key Creek, Bradshaw, and Tip Top districts, with silver. Santa Maria Mountains, Eureka district, with copper, silver, and lead Gila County-Globe district, as minute flakes in ca1citeat the ores. Date Creek Mountains, Martinez district. Wickenburg Moun­ Continental mine, as stout wires in the oxidized ore of the Old tains, Black Rock district. Dominion mine. Fine specimens from placers 4 miles north of Globe. At Richmond Basin, one of the chief ore minerals in fairly Yuma County-Kofa and Gila mountains, with silver. Har­ large masses. At Payson, as wire silver in the oxidized ore of quahala Mountains, with ores of copper and lead. Williams the Silver Butte mine, Mountains, Cienega district, with copper ores. Castle Dome Moun­ tains, Castle Dome district, with lead-silver ores. Also in the Graham County-Aravaipa district, at the La Clede mine. Plomosa, Sheep Tanks, Dome Rock, Laguna, Trigo, and Gila Maricopa County-From pegamites in the White Picacho Bend Mountains. District. Mohave County-Cerbat Range, Distaff mine, as chunks of Placer deposits several pounds' weight in the deeper workings; Lucky Boy and Cochise County-Small production from Dos Cabezas, Tevis­ Samoa mines, Chloride district; Golden Bee and Queen Bee mines. ton, Huachuca, Gleeson, Pearce, and Gold Gulch (Bisbee) placers. Mineral Park district; Banner group, Stockton Hills district, in Gila County-Small production from Dripping Spring, Bar­ solid chunks and masses of wire silver; Tennessee-Schuylkill barossa, Globe-Miami, and Payson placers. mine, Wallapai district. Greenlee County-Clifton-Morenci placers, along San Fran­ Pima County-Tortolita Mountains, Apache property, with cisco and Chase creeks. chalcocite and cerargyrite. Cerro Colorado, Cerro Colorado mine Maricopa County-Vulture, San Domingo, and Hassayampa with stromeyerite and tetrahedrite. placers. Pinal County-Superior district, in the enriched ore of the Mohave County-Gold Basin, Chemehuevis, Lewis, Wright Silver King mine, as magnificent crystallized and wire specimens; Creek, Lookout, and Silver Creek placers. in the upper portions of the Magma mine. Galiuro Mountains. Pima County-Greaterville, Quijotoa, Papago, and Horseshoe Little Treasure, and Adjust mines, Saddle Mountain district, as Basin districts. Less important are the Las Guijas, Old Baldy, wire silver in small cavities. Baboquivari, Armagosa and Alder Canyon placers. A $228 nugget Santa Cruz County-Patagonia Mountains, Domino mines, Pal­ was found at Greaterville in 1924. metto district, with crystallized cerussite and wulfenite; Worlds Pinal County-Canada del Oro placers. Fair mine, Harshaw district, with tetrahedrite. Santa Rita Moun­ Santa Cruz County-Oro Blanco, Mowry, Harshaw, Tyndall, tains, as small crystals surrounded by magnetite in diorite on Nogales, and Palmetto placers. the southern slopes of the range. Yavapai County-Weaver Creek, Rich Hill, Lynx Creek, Big Yavapai County-United Verde mine, as a thin layer of high­ Bug, Minnehaha, Hassayampa, Groom Creek, Copper Basin, grade ore immediately above the sulfide ore body. Bradshaw Placerita, and Black Canyon districts are the most important. Mountains, at several properties, as the Dos Oris mine, Hassay­ Smaller production from several other deposits. A 271-gram nug­ ampa district, with argentite and cerargyrite; Arizona-National get was found on Weaver Creek in 1930 and in 1932-33 several mine, Big Bug district, as wire silver in cavities with argentite; nuggets up to more than 3 ounces were recovered from the same Goodwin properties,
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  • Wickenburgite Pb3caal2si10o27² 3H2O

    Wickenburgite Pb3caal2si10o27² 3H2O

    Wickenburgite Pb3CaAl2Si10O27 ² 3H2O c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 6=m 2=m 2=m: Tabular holohedral crystals, dominated by 0001 and 1011 , to 1.5 mm. As spongy aggregates of small, highly perfect f g f g individuals; as subparallel aggregates or rosettes; granular. Physical Properties: Cleavage: 0001 , indistinct. Tenacity: Brittle but tough. Hardness = 5 D(meas.) = 3.85 D(cfalc.) g= 3.88 Fluoresces dull orange under SW UV. Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Colorless to white; rarely salmon-pink. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Uniaxial ({). Dispersion: r < v; moderate. ! = 1.692 ² = 1.648 Cell Data: Space Group: P 63=mmc: a = 8.53 c = 20.16 Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA. 10.1 (100), 3.26 (80), 3.93 (60), 3.36 (40), 2.639 (40), 5.96 (30), 5.04 (30) Chemistry: (1) (2) SiO2 42.1 40.53 Al2O3 7.6 6.88 PbO 44.0 45.17 CaO 3.80 3.78 H2O 3.77 3.64 Total 101.27 100.00 (1) Near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA. (2) Pb3CaAl2Si10O24(OH)6: [needsnew??formula] Occurrence: In oxidized hydrothermal veins, carrying galena and sphalerite, in quartz and °uorite gangue (near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA). Association: Phoenicochroite, mimetite, cerussite, willemite, crocoite, duftite, hemihedrite, alamosite, melanotekite, luddenite, ajoite, shattuckite, vauquelinite, descloizite, laumontite. Distribution: In the USA, in Arizona, at several localities south of Wickenburg, Maricopa Co., including the Potter-Cramer property, Belmont Mountains, and the Moon Anchor mine; on dumps at a Pb-Ag-Cu prospect in the Artillery Peaks area, Mohave Co.; and in the Dives (Padre Kino) mine, Silver district, La Paz Co.
  • Evolution of Zincian Malachite Synthesis by Low Temperature Co

    Evolution of Zincian Malachite Synthesis by Low Temperature Co

    Evolution of zincian malachite synthesis by low temperature co- precipitation and its catalytic impact on the methanol synthesis Leon Zwienera, Frank Girgsdiesa, Daniel Brenneckea, Detre Teschnera,b, Albert G.F. Machokeb, Robert Schlögla,b, and Elias Frei*a [a] Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. [b] Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34 – 36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. *E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: zincian malachite • co-precipitation • methanol synthesis Abstract: Low temperature co-precipitation enabled, for the first time, the preparation of phase pure zincian malachite precursors with Zn contents of up to 31 at.-%. The high Zn content was beneficial for maximizing the dispersion of Cu and oxygen defect sites on the ZnO surface. Further, an increase of the Zn loading from 10 to 31 at.-% doubled the specific surface areas obtained from N2O-RFC (Reactive Frontal Chromatography) and H2- TA (Transient Adsorption). As the Zn content was increased from 10 to 31 at.-%, the apparent activation energy for methanol formation was strongly decreased. Furthermore, water formation was reduced indicating a retardation of the rWGS in favor of methanol formation at high Zn loadings. Additionally, compared to high temperature co-precipitation, low temperature precipitated catalysts exhibited increased catalytic activities. 1. Introduction Rising global energy demand, relying on the ongoing consumption of fossil fuels, has led to a drastic increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration over the past century.[1] Since CO2 has been attributed to be the main anthropogenic source of the greenhouse effect, CO2 has become a valuable carbon source available for chemical conversion (e.g.