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Home , Alstonite, Ankerite, Artinite, Aurichalcite, Barbertonite, Barytocalcite

Infrare d Transmission Spectra of s THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Infrare d Transmission Spectra of s

G. C. Jones

Department of The Natural History Museum London, UK

and B. Jackson

Department of Geology Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK

A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum and National Museums of Scotland E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Firs t editio n 1 993

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993

Typese t at the Natura l Histor y Museu m

ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0 Apar t fro m any fair dealin g for the purpose s of researc h or privat e study , or criticis m or review , as permitte d unde r the UK Copyrigh t Design s and Patent s Act , 1988, thi s publicatio n may not be reproduced , stored , or transmitted , in any for m or by any means , withou t the prio r permissio n in writin g of the publishers , or in the case of reprographi c reproductio n onl y in accordanc e wit h the term s of the licence s issue d by the Copyrigh t Licensin g Agenc y in the UK, or in accordanc e wit h the term s of licence s issue d by the appropriat e Reproductio n Right s Organizatio n outsid e the UK. Enquirie s concernin g reproductio n outsid e the term s state d here shoul d be sent to the publisher s at the Londo n addres s printe d on thi s page. The publishe r makes no representation , expres s or implied , wit h regar d to the accurac y of the informatio n containe d in thi s boo k and canno t accep t any legal responsibilit y or liabilit y for any error s or omission s that may be made.

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(oö) Printed on acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992(Permanence of Paper) Contents

Foreword vii Introduction viii A guide to the book IX The mineral specimens ix Instrumentationand samplepreparation ix The spectra ix The text pages x Generalreferences xi Index of spectraby mineral name xii Index of spectraby chemicalclass xiii The spectra 1 Foreword

The selectedspectra presented in this volume are a testimonyto the diversity of mineralcarbonates. Their compositional variety embracesmany of the chemical elements and is increasedby the frequentpresence of solid solution betweenmembers. They occurin all the broadcategories of rock types: igneous, metamorphic,metasomatic and sedimentary;and they are often associatedwith important ores and rare elementdeposits. are not only of significancein the geological domain, but also in industry and materials science. Accurate identification of the compoundsis, therefore,vital for a proper understandingof any carbonatebearing system. The developmentof Fourier transforminfrared spectrometryhas beenfor someyears at the stage where the acquisitionof spectrais relatively simple, rapid and with good resolution. For identifica- tion, the method is inexpensive and can provide additional information on the nature of the chemicalbonding. It is particularly suited to carbonatesbecause of its ability to discriminateclearly betweenthe different members. It is obvious that to be able to produce a large set of definitive spectra, a source of well- characterizedminerals is required, but the location of such a sourceis not necessarilyso obvious. Our two museums- The Natural History Museum in London and the National Museums of Scotlandin Edinburgh- have joined forces to provide such a source,using their renownedmineral collectionsand authenticatingeach mineral by modernadvanced methods of analysisand identifica- tion. This volume is the product of severalyears' work of high quality. We believe that it gives for today the most readily available compilation of reliable IR spectraas an invaluablereference tool for many.

ProfessorPaul Henderson Keeperof Mineralogy The Natural History Museum, London

and

Dr Ian Rolfe Keeperof Geology National Museumsof Scotland,Edinburgh

May, 1993 Introduction

The purposeof this compilation is to make available recently-acquiredspectra of as many well- characterizedcarbonate as possiblein order to further the use of infrared spectroscopyin mineralogy. With the recentincreased availability of Fourier transformspectrometers for routine laboratory use, there is great potential for infrared spectroscopyto becomemore widely used, both for the rapid identification of minerals and for more detailed structural studies. Despite being an estab- lished analytical technique,mineralogical infrared spectroscopyhas beenhandicapped by a lack of high-quality referencespectra. There is currently no infrared equivalent of the JCPDS Mineral Powder Diffraction File and many new mineral descriptionsstill lack infrared spectra. Several compilationsof mineral spectraare available but are far from comprehensiveand are of variable reliability. Publishedmineral spectraare scatteredthroughout numerousjournals and are often poorly reproducedwith limited frequencyranges. The successof any comparativetechnique depends to a greatextent on the availability and quality of referencestandards. A spectrumis a virtually unique "fingerprint" of a material and, accurately reproduced,is a much more useful aid to identification than tabulatedabsorptions alone, from which all subtletiesof detail are lost. The more spectrathat are published,the more widely usedthe techniquebecomes and so the cycle continues. The authors acknowledgethe co-operationand advice of their colleagues,particularly John Francisand PeterDavidson for x-ray diffraction work, and the mineral curatorsfor their tolerance of our frequent requestsfor material from their best specimens. A guide to the book

The mineral specimens

The majority of the mineral specimensused in this compilation are from the collections of the Mineralogy Department of The Natural History Museum, London, and the Department of Geology, Royal Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh. Others were acquired from dealers and col- leaguesspecifically for this work. The criteria usedin selectingspecimens were as follows: • purity and homogeneity; • specimenspreviously usedas x-ray powder diffraction standardswhere possible; • easeof contamination-free,unambiguous sampling; • specimensfrom type or classiclocalities. The rarity of somespecies has madeit necessaryto compromisethese criteria in a small number of cases.In some casesa relatively common mineral has been omitted from this collection, e.g. , ,/ etc. because,despite sampling many specimensfrom various localities, no pure or unambiguousmaterial could be separated.

Instrumentation and sample preparation

All spectrawere recordedin transmissionmode, using a Fourier transforminfrared spectrophoto- meter(Philips PU9800)and potassiumbromide pressed disks. The instrumentwas purgedwith dry, COz-free air and a blank KBr disk was used to generatethe backgroundwhich is automatically subtractedduring transformation.50 scanswere acquiredusing a DTGS detectorat a resolutionof 2 cm-1 followed by two-passselective smoothing. Sampleswere not weighed, but the quantity used was adjusted to give the strongestpeak maximum at approximately20% T or less, without loss of detail aroundthis peak, subject to the availability of material. Most sampleswere used without prior drying so as to avoid the risk of thermal alteration. Some powdery or poorly-crystalline minerals have significant amounts of adsorbedwater which was reducedby allowing the presseddisk to remainin the dry environmentof the samplechamber for severalhours. This techniquewas not usedfor hydratedminerals, some of which can dehydratevery easily to other phases.

The spectra

All spectrawere recordedover the frequencyrange 4400-225cm-I, but as none of the minerals studiedhad absorptionpeaks in the range4400-4000 cm-I, the spectraare reproducedhere from 4000 to 225 cm-1 to make best use of the available format. The spectraalso have their vertical expansionadjusted for the samereason. Where multiple sharppeaks are poorly reproducedin the standardformat, an expandedwavenumber plot has beenincluded. The text pages

Name: The mineral namein bold type correspondsto that in Hey's Mineral Index (Clark (1993». Formula, systemand spacegroup: Thesedata are takenfrom the referencesources listed at the end of this introductionor from later publishedwork where available. Mineral group: The "mineral group" is that given by The Mineral Database(1989) but with alternativegroupings shown where thesedraw attentionto relationshipsbetween spectra. Chemicalclass, chemicaltype: Theseare taken from Ferraiolo (1982). Specimen: The BM and RMS numberscorrespond to registeredmuseum specimens. The descriptioncorresponds to that on the specimenregistration slip (where available),modified as necessaryto reflect sampling. Source: This is the locality as recordedon the specimenregistration slip, exceptthat some place names have beenchanged to currentusage. Type localities are noted where appropriate. Spectrumref. no: This is a unique identifier for the spectrum(there may be more than one spectrumper mineral name). Samplemedium: This will usually be KBr disk but othertechniques may be usedwhere demanded by the natureof the sample. XRD: A number,if given, indicatesthat the specimenhas beenexamined by x-ray powderdiffraction. The suffix (std) indicatesthe specimenis one that has beenused to producea standardreference diffraction film in The Mineralogy Dept. NHM. Such standardswill have beencompared with publishedx-ray dataand naturally-occurring,well-characterised mineral specimens.Comparison with the correspondingJCPDS data will also have beenmade but is not necessarilyused as the final criteria for mineral identity. Composition: The chemical composition of most specimenshas been checked where possible, using an analytical scanningelectron microscopewith energy-dispersivex-ray spectrometryfacility. Ele- mentswith atomic numberbelow that of fluorine are not detectableby this technique,e.g. boron, carbonand . Fluorine is only detectablewhen presentin major amounts.Ratios quoted are semi-quantitativeatomic ratios. Other elementsare also listed where presentat detectable levels. PeakTable: All spectraldata have beenobtained via a "peak-pick" program,followed by manualexamina- tion and editing to exclude spuriousdata and include significant shouldersand other diagnostic features. The tables include some peaks that may not be clearly visible on the spectra as reproduced,due to restrictionsof the format, they are howevervisible on expandedplots. The frequenciesof theseand other minor featuresare shown in normal type, the major featuresin bold, as an aid in relating the peaktable to the spectrum.Frequencies in squarebrackets are due to adsorbedwater, and are not necessarilydiagnostic. Frequencies followed by a questionmark are of uncertainsignificance. Features in the spectrumapproaching the lower frequencylimit of 225 cm-1 should be treatedwith some caution as they may be instrumentartifacts due to low energytransmission. Notes and References: Any informationrelevant to the specimenand spectrum is given here,also any polymorphismand relationshipswith otherminerals. Mineral namesin bold indicatethat a spectrumof that speciesis included inthis collection. Referencesgiven have beenselected to include, wherepossible, those involving infraredinvestigation, spectra or structuralinformation. Referencemay also be madeto namedcompilations as follows: Moenke Moenke,H. (1962, 1966) Mineralspektren,Parts I and II, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin. Nyquist and Kagel Nyquist, A. and Kagel, R.O. (1971) Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Com- pounds,Academic Press, New York. Farmer Farmer,V.C. (Ed.) (1974) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals, Monographno. 4, Mineralogical Society, London. Sadtler Ferraro,J.R. (Ed.) (1982) Infrared SpectraHandbook of Minerals and Clays, SadtlerResearch Laboratories, Philadelphia. Suhner Suhner,B. (1986) Infrarot-spektrenvon Mineralien, Parts 1 and 2.

General references

Infrared Spectraof Minerals and RelatedInorganic Compounds Gadsden,J.A. (1975) Butterworth, London. A systematicclassification of nonsilicateminerals Ferraiolo, J.A. (1982) Bulletin of the AmericanMuseum of Natural History, 172 (I). The Mineral Database Aleph Enterprises(1989) Aleph, Livermore, California. Encyclopediaof Minerals, 2nd Edition Roberts,W.L., Campbell,T.J. and Rapp, G.R. (1990) Van NostrandReinhold, New York. Glossary of Mineral Species Fleischer,M. and Mandarino,J.A. (1991) The Mineralogical RecordInc., Tucson. Mineral ReferenceManual , E.H. and Nichols, M.C. (1991) Van NostrandReinhold, New York. Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition Clark, A.M. (1993) Chapman& Hall, London. Index of spectra by mineral name

Alstonite Alumohydrocalcite Glaukosphaerite -(Ce) Paralstonite Harkerite Parisite-(Ce) Pirssonite Hydrocerussite Pokrovskite, Pyroaurite (2) Barentsite Roubaultite Barstowite Indigirite Bastnasite-(Ce) Scarbroite Bastnasite-(La) Schrockingerite Kamotoite-(Y) Sharpite Kimuraite-(Y) Beyerite Kolwezite Sjogrenite Brenkite Brugnatellite Burbankite -(La) Sphaerocobaltite Stenonite Strontiodresserite Callaghanite Lokkaite Synchysite-(Y) Carbocernaite Carbonate- Takovite Manasseite(2) Coalingite Tunisite Cordylite-(Ce) Manganotychite Mcguinnessite Tychite Dawsonite Mckelveyite-(Y) Defernite Mineevite-(Y) Voglite Desautelsite Montroyalite Donnayite-(Y) Dresserite Wyartite Nesquehonite Dypingite Norsethite Zellerite Nyerereite Znucalite Index of spectra by chemical class

Anhydrous normal carbonates

Alstonite BaCa(C03)2 Ankerite Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(C03h Aragonite Ca(C03) Barytocalcite BaCa(C03h Benstonite (Ba,Sr)6( Ca,Mn)6Mg( C03)13 Beyerite (Ca,Pb)Biz(C03h02or Ca(Bi02)(C03) Bismutite Bi2(C03)02 Burbankite (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(C03h Calcite CaC03 Carbocernaite (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(C03)2 Cerussite PbC03 Dolomite CaMg(C03)2 Gaspeite (Ni,Mg,Fe)C0 3 Huntite CaMg3( C03)4 Kutnohorite Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(C0 3h Magnesite MgC03 Norsethite BaMg(C03)2 Nyerereite Na2Ca(C03h Otavite CdC03 Paralstonite BaCa(C03h Rhodochrosite MnC03 Sabinaite Na4Zr2Ti0 4(C03)4 Shortite N a2Ca2(C0 3)3 Siderite FeC03 Smithsonite ZnC03 Sphaerocobaltite CoC03 Strontianite SrC03 Vaterite CaC03 Witherite BaC03

Hydrated normal carbonates

Andersonite Na2Ca(U02)(C03h·6H20 Bayleyite Mgz(U02)(C03h-18H20 Donnayite-(Y) Sr3NaCaY(C03)6·3H20 Gaylussite Na2Ca(C03)2·SH20 Hellyerite NiC03·6H20 Ikaite CaC03"6HzO Kamotoite-(Y) YZ0 4(lJOZ)4(C03)3" 14"5HzO Kimuraite-(Y) CaYz( C03)4 "6HzO Lanthanite-(La) (La,Ce)z(C0 3h-8HzO Liebigite CaZ(lJOZ)(C03)3"IlH zO Lokkaite CaY4(C0 3h"9HzO Mckelveyite-(Y) Ba3Na(Ca,lJ)Y(C03)6"3HzO Monohydrocalcite CaC03"HzO Pirssonite NaZCa(C03)z"2HzO Voglite CazCu(lJOz)(C0 3)4 "6HzO Weloganite Sr3NazZr( C0 3)6" 3HzO Zellerite Ca(lJOz)(C03h"5HzO

Anhydrous carbonates with hydroxyl and/or halogen

Aurichalcite (Zn,Cu)s(C03)z(OH)6 Azurite CU3(C03)z(OHh Barentsite N a7AIHz(C0 3)4F4 Bastnasite-(Ce) (Ce,La)(C03)F Bastnasite-(La) (La,Ce)(C03)F Brenkite Caz(C03)Fz Cordylite-(Ce) Ba(Ce,La h( C03)3FZ Dawsonite NaAI(C03)(OHh Glaukosphaerite (Cu,Nih(C03)(OHh Hydrocerussite Pb3(C03h(OH)z Hydrozincite (2) Zns(C03h(OH)6 Kolwezite (Cu,Coh(C03)(OHh Malachite Cuz(C03) (OHh Mcguinnessite (Mg,Cu)z(C03)(OH)z Northupite N a3Mg(C0 3)zCI Parisite-(Ce) Ca(Ce,Lah(C03hFz Phosgenite PbZ(C03)Clz Rosasite (Cu,Znh(C03)(OHh Stenonite (Sr,Ba,Na)zAI(C03)Fs Synchisite-(Y) Ca(Y,Ce)(C03)zF Tunisite NaCazAliC03)4(OH)gCI

Hydrated carbonates with hydroxyl and/or halogen

Alumohydrocalcite CaAlz(C03)z(OH)4"3HzO Ancylite-(Ce) SrCe(C0 3h(OH)" HzO Artinite Mgz(C03)(OH)z"3HzO Barstowite 3PbClz"PbCO z"HzO Brugnatellite Mg6Fe(C03)(OH)13"4HzO Callaghanite CuzMgZ(C03) (OH)6"2HzO Coalingite MglOFez(C03)(OHh4"2HzO Defernite Ca3(C03)(OH,CI)4"HzO Desautelsite Mg6Mnz(C03)(OHh6"4HzO Dresserite BazAI4(C03)4(OH)s"3HzO Dundasite PbAlz(C03h(OH)4"HzO Dypingite Mgs( C03)4( OHh"5H zO Hydromagnesite Mgs( C03)4( OHh"4H zO Hydrotalcite Mg6Alz(C03)(OHh6"4HzO Indigirite Mg2AI 2(C03MOH)z"lSH20 Kambaldaite NaNi4(C03)3(OH)3"3H20 Manasseite(2) Mg6AI 2(C03)(OH)16"4H20 Montroyalite Sr4AIs(C03)3[(OH),Fb"10-11 H 20 Pokrovskite Mg2(C03)(OH)z"O"SH20 Pyroaurite Mg6Fe2(C03)(OHh6"4H20 Roubaultite CU202(lJ02)3(C03)2(OH)2"4H20 Scarbroite AI s(OH)13(C03) "SH20 Sharpite Ca(lJ02)6(C03)S(OH)4"6H20 Sjogrenite Mg6Fe2(C0 3)( OH)16"4H 20 Strontiodresserite (Sr,Ca)Alz(C03MOH)4"H20 Takovite Ni6AI2[(C03),(OH)](OHh6-4H20 Wyartite Ca3lJ(lJ02MC03MOH)lS"3-SH20 Zaratite Ni3(C03)(OH)4"4H20 Znucalite Zn12Ca(lJ02)(C03h(OHb"4H20

Acid carbonates

Nahcolite NaHC03 Nesquehonite Mg(HC03)(OH) "2H20 Trona Na3(C03)(HC03)"2H20

Compound carbonates

Canavesite Mg2( C03)(HB03)" SH20 Carbonate-cyanotrichite CU4AI2(C03,S04)(OH)12"2H20 Harkerite Ca24MgsAlzSis[O,(OH)h2(B03)s(C03)s(H20,CI) Leadhillite Pb4(S04)(C0 3MOH)z Macphersonite Pb4(S04)(C03MOH)z Manganotychite Na6(Mn,Fe,MgMC03MS04) Mineevite-(Y) Na2SBaY2(C03)11(HC03MS04)zF2CI Schrockingerite NaCa3(lJ02)(C03)3(S04)F"lOH20 Susannite Pb4(S04)(C03MOH) Tychite Na6Mg2(S04)(C03)4 The spectra II ALSTONITE II

Formula: BaCa(C03)2 : Triclinic, pseudoorthorhombic Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Aragonite Chemical type: AB(X0 3)2 : PI

Specimen: BM 41707 Large, colourless,prismatic with witherite and calcite. Source: Brownley Hill mine, Nenthead,Alston, Cumbria, U.K. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2666 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7451F (std) Composition: Ba:Ca:Sr = 1:1:0·2

Notes Peak Table cm- 7 Trimorphouswith barytocalciteand paralstonite. [3413] 800 The spectrumdiffers from that of paralstoniteonly in the 700 cm-1 region and is similar to, but 2923 752 distinguishablefrom, that of barytocalcite. 2856 725? Comparespectrum with those of other membersof aragonitegroup. 2493 708 2466 701 1766 691 References: 1754 518 1734 464 1. KaushanskyP. & Yariv S. (1986) The interactionsbetween calcite particles and aqueoussolutions of 1503 302 , or chlorides. 1458 251 Applied ,1(5), pp.607-618. 1436 1413 2. ScheetzB.E. & White W.B. (1977) Vibrational spectraof the alkaline double carbonates. 1390 American Mineralogist, 62(12), pp.36-50. 1171 1086 3. RossmanG.R. & SquiresR.L. (1974) The occurrenceof alstonite at Cave-in-Rock,Illinois. 1063 Mineralogical Record, 5(6), pp.266-269. 894 861 855 38NVIIIWSNV~1 % ~ C) ~ C) w 00 00 :E :J Z W > ~

3: ~ ~ ·rl ro +Jru LJ LJ ru LJ c ro Cl C) X C) ru m L--J W r z~ r0 ~ ~ ~

38NVllI~SNV~1 % II ALUMOHYDROCALCITE II

Formula: CaAlz(C03M°H)4-3HzO Crystal system: Triclinic ? Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Chemical type: AmBn(X03)pZq-xHzO Space group: ?

Specimen: BM 1937,1377 Lavender,silky, fibrous, radiating with calcite on serpentine. Source: Rubenmine, Nowa Ruda, Poland_ Spectrum ref. No.: IR2796 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7906F (std) Composition: Ca:Al = 1:1-8 + minor Si

Notes Peak Table cm- 1

The spectrumis more complex i.e. better resolved, than that given in ref. 3, but is otherwiseidentical. 3702 1031 3653 1007 3622 967 References: 3364 867 3145 798 1. Ryback G. (1988) 2961 730 Alumohydrocalcitefrom Scarborough,North Yorkshire, and Weston Favell, Northamptonshire. 2923 661 Journal of the RussellSociety, 2(1), pp.9-12. 2853 570 2516 523 2. Srebrodol'skiyB.I. (1976) 2187 472 Alumohydrocalcites. 1995 426 International Geological Revue,18 (3), pp.321-328. 1834 343 1798 250? 3. Kautz K. (1969) 1673 Electron microscopeand infrared investigationof alumohydrocalcite. 1519 NeuesJahrbuchjUr Mineralogie, Monatshejt, No.3, pp.130-137 1420 (Germanwith English summary). 1399 1113 1099 . UJru ru

00 ~ wm ~ ~z W C) :> C) ~ UJ ~ ~ I 0 W 00 00w ~ ~ ~ 0 tJ

C) C) C)ru

W r ~ tJ ~ ~ tJ 0 ~ C) 0 C) r C) I m 0 ~ :J ~ ~

38NVllIWSNV~1 % ~ ~~~ ~

Formula: SrCe(C03MOH)' H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Ancylite

Chemical type: A",Bn(XOJpZq'xH20 with (m+n):p = 1:1 Space group: Pmcn

Specimen: RMS 1988.7.8. Source: Mont St Hilaire, Quebec,Canada. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2916 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4142 Composition:

Notes Peak Table cm- 7 3494 References: 2925 2856 1. Walter F. & Post! W. (1983) 2532 Calcio ancylite of the KalcherkogelTunnel, Pack, Styria. 1775 Mitteilungsblatt AbteilungJUr Mineralogie am LandesmuseumJoanneum, 51, pp.25-28. 1455 (Germanwith English summary). 1373 1074 2. TareenJ.A.K., ViswanathiahM.N. & KrishnamurthyK.V. (1980) 858 Hydrothermalsynthesis and growth of Y(OH)C03 ancylite-like phases. 771 Revuede Chimie Minerale, 17(1), pp.50-57. 727 715 703 695 294 IR2916 100.0

6

UJ u :z « t- ..... 4 ::::2: :zUl « a:t- N 2

O.'U/~-r----'-----~--~r---_'-----r----_r----'-----~--_r--_'----r---'----r--~r_--~--_r--_'----r_--,----r--~r_--~--_r--_,----r_~

4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

COMPRESSED-WAVENUMBERS 225.0

ANCYLITE-(Ce) ANDERSONITE

Formula: Na2Ca(UOJ(C0 3)3·6H 20 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Chemical type: A.nBn(XO~p·xH20 where (m+n):p > 1:1 Space group: R3

Specimen: BM 1967,267 Yellow/greentransparent isolated crystals. Source: Atomic King No.2 mine, CaneWash, SanJuan Co., Utah, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2859 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8099F matchesPDF 20-1092 andersonite. Composition: Na:Ca:U = 0·7:1:1:2 + traceZn & Si

Notes Peak Table em·'

The spectrum hasa strong peak at 3548 cm·! which indicatesthe presenceof an (OR) group not shown in 3548 852 the formula. MatchesSuhner (5-35 A) andersonite,except for the lack of a peak at 1020 cm-! 3413 847 Semi-quantitativeanalysis of this specimengave a lower contentthan indicatedby the formula. 3216 764 2903 728 2602 700 References: 2418 671 2360 632 l. Cejka J., UrbanecZ. & Cejka J Jr. (1987) 2330 542 Contribution to the crystal chemistry of andersonite. 2082 476 Neueslahrbuch jUr Mineralogie, Monatshejte,(11), pp.488-50l. 1816 425 1659 343 2. UrbanecZ. & Cejka J. (1979) 1575 291 Infrared spectraof liebigite, andersonite,voglite, and schroeckingerite. 1525 Collection of CzechoslovakChemical Communications,44(1), pp.1O-23. 1382 1093 1080 954 914 903 38NVIIIWSNVHl % II ANKERITE II

Formula: Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(C03)2 Crystal system: Trigonal Crystal class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Dolomite Chemical type: AB(XOJ2 Space group: R3

Specimen: BM 1921,723 Yellowlwhite saddle-shapedrhombs on limestonewith . Source: Alston, Cumbria, U.K. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2665 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition: Ca:Fe:Mg:Mn = 1:0·5:0·4:0·1

Notes Peak Table em- 1 The compositionof this specimenis typical, i.e. it containssignificant Mg and Mn. 2987 Forms serieswith dolomite and kutnohorite. 2871 Comparespectrum with those of other membersof dolomite group, e.g. norsethite 2608 2510 1810 References: 1424 1091 l. Dubrawski J.V., ChannonA.L. & Warne S.S.J. (1989) 875 The effects of substitutionin the dolomite ferroan dolomite ankerite seriesas illustrated by FTIR. 725 Neueslahrbuch fUr Mineralogie. Monatshefte,(8), pp.337-344. 353 324 2. FarmerV.C. & Warne S.S.J. (1978) Infrared spectroscopicevaluation of contentsand excesscalcium in minerals of the dolomite ankerite series. American Mineralogist, 63(7,8), pp.779-781. 38NVIIIWSNV~1 % ARAGONITE

Formula: CaC03 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate. Mineral group: Aragonite

Chemical type: A(X0 3) Space group: Pmcn

Specimen: BM 26522. Colourlesstwinned crystals. Source: Molina, Aragon, Spain. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2602 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition:

-_._- --- Notes Peak Table cm- 1

Trimorphouswith calcite and vaterite. [3307] 536 The spectrummatches those obtainedfrom synthetic material and x-ray diffraction standard. 2921 469 Typical simple orthorhombiccarbonate spectrum, distinct from calcite group spectra. 2854 268 Comparewith spectraof other membersof the aragonitegroup; cerussite,strontianite, witherite & 2546 alstonite. 2522 2499 References: 1789 1477 1. Frech R., Wang E.c. & Bates J.B. (1980) The I.R. and Ramanspectra of CaC03 (aragonite). 1384 SpectrochimicaActa, Part A, 36(10), pp.915-919. 1167 1119 2. White W.B. (1974) The carbonateminerals. In: Farmer (Ed.) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 1083 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 1034 909 3. Gevork'yanS.V. & PovarennikhO.S. (1983) New infrared spectrafor minerals in the calcite and 858 aragonitegroups. Dopovidi AkademiyiNauk Ukrayins'koyi RSR, Ser. B: Geologichni, Khimichni ta 844 Biologichni Nauki., 11, pp.8-12. ( Ukrainian with English summary). 713 700 o . lCl t'\I t'\I

o o lCl

o o o .....-f

Ul ffi III :::E ::J Z LU o > o < lCl 3: .....-f I o LU Ul Ul LU b: :::Eo (.J

o o o t'\I

o o o (T)

t'\I 0 LO 0 t'\I 0 a: 0 I-f -.;;t

0 cd 0 0 0 .....-f

38NVllIWSNVl:ll % II ARTINITE II

Formula: MgiC0 3)(OH)2'3H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Hydromagnesite

Chemical type: Am Bn(X03)pZq'xH20 with (m+n):p = 2:1 Space group: C2/m

Specimen: BM 1973,503. Globular clustersof white radiating acicularcrystals. Source: Union Carbidemine, San Benito Co., California, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2768 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7828 (std) Composition: Mg with traceNa & AI

Notes Peak Table em- t See ref. 2 for a discussionof the spectrum. 3604 349 3014 281 References: 2421 2241 1. Smolin P.P. & Ziborova T.A. (1976) 1792 Types of , stoichiometryand relations betweenhydromagnesite and other hydratedmagnesium 1589 carbonates. 1452

! Doklady USSRAcademy of Sciences,Earth SciencesSection, 226(16), pp.130-133. 1369 1328 2. White W.B. (1974) 1094 The carbonateminerals. 942 In: Farmer(Ed.) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals, 900 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 850 767 3. White W.B. (1971) 731 Infrared characterizationof water and hydroxyl in the basic magnesiumcarbonate minerals. 676 AmericanMineralogist, 56(1,2), pp.46-53. 514 439 396 o In C\J C\J

o o In

o o o ~

en a: UJ III :::E ::::J Z o UJ o «> In 3::: ~ I o UJen en UJa: a. :::E o U

o o o C\J

o UJ o I- o I---i (TJ Z I---i I-a: «

o o o o ~

3~N\fllI~SN\f~1 % A URICHAL CITE

Formula: (Zn,Cu>s(COJ2(OH), Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Aurichalcite Chemical type: (AB>s(X03hZ q Space group: B2212

Specimen: BM 56865 Palebluelgreen spheroidal aggregates with calcite, azurite etc. Source: CopperQueen mine, Bisbee, Arizona, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2740 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 5989F (std) Composition: Zn:Cu = 1·8:1 with trace Si

Notes Peak Table em-'

The spectrumis quite different from that of the chemically similar rosasite. 3348 841 2920 832 2682 765 References: 2555 758 2433 742 1. Braithwaite R.S.W. & Ryback G. (1962) 2325 712 Rosasite,aurichalcite, and associatedminerals from Heights of Abraham, Matlock Bath, Derbyshire, 2117 508 with a note on infra-red spectra. 1817 471 Mineralogical Magazine, 33(261), pp.441-449. 1773 411 1559 377 1505 315 1413 1365 1203 1087 1070 1031 979 869 C) ~ru ru

38NVIIIWSNV~1 % II AZURITE II

Formula: CU3(C0 3MOH)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Azurite Chemical type: (ABMXOJ2Zq Space group: P2/c

Specimen: BM 91461. Dark blue crystals. Source: Chessy,Lyon, . Spectrum ref. no.: IR2733 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition: Cu only

Notes Peak Table cm- 1 3426 496 Seeref. 2 for peak assignments. 2923 457 Comparespectrum with that of malachite. 2593 404 2551 346 2498 312 References: 1881 1861 1. Pijal J. & Zietkiewicz J. (1969) 1835 Experimentalstudy on the substitutionof OH-i groups by p-i in minerals. 1497 Bulletin de l'Aca(iemie Polonaisedes Sciences.Sene des SciencesGeologiques et Geographiques. 1464 17(1), pp.7-12. 1418 1385 2. Goldsmith J.A. & Ross S.D. (1969) 1172 The infra-red spectraof azurite and malachite. 1093 SpectrochimicaActa, 24(A), pp.2131-2137. 954 838 820 771 746 3~NVIII~SNV~1 % BARENTSITE

Formula: Na7AIH 2(C03)4F4 Crystal system: Triclinic, pseudohexagonal Chemical class: Acid carbonate Mineral group: Chemical type: Space group: ?

Specimen: RMS, unregistered.Colourless crystal fragments. Source: Mt Restinyon, Khibina massif, Kola Peninsula,Russia. Spectrum ref. no.: IR3069 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 9065F Composition: Major Na, Al (F not sought)

Notes Peak Table em- 1 Material supplied by Dr A.P. Khomyakov. [3393] 661 The X-ray diffraction patternof this sampleshowed an additional line at 8·7 A. 2923 599 The spectrummatches that shown in ref. 2, but has better resolution and all peaksshifted by 15-20 cm-! 2853 429 to higher wavenumbersand extra peaks at 2923 and 2833 cm-! . 2585 340 1966 289 References: 1788 268 1660 1. Thi T.T.L., PobedimskayaYeo A., NadezhinaT.N. & Khomyakov A. P. (1984) 1499 The crystal structuresof alkaline carbonates;barentsite, bonshtedtite and donnayite. 1438 Acta Crystallographica, (A): Foundationsoj , 40 (Supplement), p. C257. 1384 1348 2. Khomyakov A.P., Kurova T.A., NechelyustovG.N. & Piloyan G.O. (1983) 1081 Barentsite,Na7AIHiC03)4F4 , a new mineral. 1035 Zapiski VsesoyuznogoMineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 112, pp.474-479. 1010 (in Russian).Abstracted in American Mineralogist, 1984, 69, p.565. 871 839 743 711 686 o LCJ N N

o o LCJ

o o o ..-t

o o LCJ ..-t

o o o N

o o o m

om 0 m 0 ~~~---r--~-'~-r--~-.r--r--,-~.--.--.---.-~--~--r-- ~ o o o ..-t

3:JNV11IHSNV~1 ~ BARSTOWITE

Formula: 3PbC12• PbC03• H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Phosgenite? Chemical type: Space group: P21/m

Specimen: BM 1990,25 Tiny colourlesscrystal aggregates.(Type specimen). Source: BoundsCliff, St Endellion, Cornwall, U.K. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR3072 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Seeref 1. Composition: Seeref.1.

Notes Peak Table cm·7

A full descriptionof this material is given in ref. 1 , including comparisonof the spectrumwith those of 3399 phosgeniteand cerussite. 2923 The spectrumis similar to, but distinguishablefrom that of phosgenite. 2854 The small peak at 1385 cm·! may be due to impurity in the KBr medium. 1768 1716 References: 1619 1438 1. Stanley C.J., JonesG.C., Hart A.D., Keller P. & Lloyd D. (1991) 1385? Barstowite, 3PbCI2·PbC03·H20, a new mineral from Bounds Cliff, St Endellion, Cornwall. 1339 Mineralogical Magazine, 55, pp.121-125. 1106 1051 845 719 671 598 467 394 268 o . ICJ N N

o o In

o o o.....

o o In.....

o o o N

o o o CTJ

o o o .....o ICJ

3~N\111IWSN\1Hl % II BARYTOCALCITE Ii

Formula: BaCa(C03)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Aragonite Chemical type: AB(X03)2 Space group: P21/m

Specimen: BM 40687 Colourlesscrystals on massive. Source: Bleagill, Alston Moor, Cumbria, U.K. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2667 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7452F (std) Composition: Ca:Ba 1:1

-

Notes Peak Table em- 7

Trimorphouswith alstoniteand paralstonite. [3425] 867 The spectrumis distinguishablefrom those of both polymorphs. 2926 850 Comparespectrum with those of other membersof aragonitegroup. 2587 839 2543 731 2501 722 References: 2473 700 2362 695 1. ScheetzB.E. & White W.B. (1977) 2157 679 Vibrational spectraof the alkaline earth double carbonates. 1793 304 AmericanMineralogist, 62, (1,2), pp.36-50. 1786 1773 2. ScheetzB.E. & White W.B. (1975) 1765 A vibrational study of the order/disorderin the alkaline earth double carbonates. 1518 Eos (Transactionsof the American GeophysicalUnion. Washington),56(6), p.463. 1470 1406 1368 1085 1080 878 C) ru~ ru

38NVIII~SNV~1 % o o LO

o o CD

en a: UJ CD ~ ::J

Z ~ UJ rl > .r! <1: ItJ 3: .j..J CU "C "C CU 0 "C 0 s:::: 0 ItJ ...-4 0. X ...... CU

UJ I- 1-1 U -1 <1: U 0 I- >-a: <1: CD

o o o o ru ..-I

38NVIIIWSNVtll % II BASTNASITE-(Ce) Ii

Formula: (Ce,La)(C03)F Crystal system: Hexagonal Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bastnasite Chemical type : (AB) (X0 3) Zq Space group: P62c

Specimen: RMS unregistered Source: Tysfjord, . Spectrum ref. no.: IR2958 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4227 Composition: Ce:La:Nd = 0'5:0·2:0·3 with minor Pr,Sm,Gd& Y

- --- Notes Peak Table em- t I Forms a serieswith hydroxyl-bastnasite-(Ce). [3434] Spectrafrom a numberof bastnasitespecimens from various localities were recorded.The spectrashowed 2927 considerablevariation, possibly due to (OH)/F substitution. IR2958 is an exampleof one of the least 2858 (OH)-bearingbastnasite specimens studied, see bastnasite-(La) for an (OH)-bearingexample. 2502 2342 References: 1825 1760 l. AkhmanovaM.N. & Orlova L.P. (1966) 1449 Investigationof rare-earthcarbonates by infra-red spectroscopy. 1089 Geokhimiya,No.5, pp.71-578. 868 Translatedin: GeochemistryInternational, 3(3), pp.444-45l. 842 763 2. Adler H.H. & Kerr P. F. (1963) 736? Infrared spectra,symmetry and structurerelations of some carbonateminerals. 731 AmericanMineralogist, 48, pp.839-853. 722? 612 3. Donnay G. & Donnay J.D.H. (1953) 366 The crystallographyof bastnasite,parisite, rontgeniteand synchysite. 275 AmericanMineralogist, 38(11-12), pp.932-936. C) ~ru ru

C) o C) ru

C)ru

38NV1II~SNV~1 % BASTNASITE-(La)

Formula: (La,Ce)(COJF Crystal system: Hexagonal Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bastnasite Chemical type: (AB)(XOJZq Space group: P62c

Specimen: BM 1946,81 Brown massivewith and Source: Nya Bastnas,Riddarhyttan, Vastmanland, . Spectrum ref. no.: IR2888 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4976 = bastnasitegroup Composition: La:Ce:Nd = 0·5:0·4:0·1 with trace Ca, AI, Si, Ba

Notes Peak Table em" Forms a series with hydroxyl-bastnasite. 3747 664 The spectrumshows some (OH) substitutionand differs in the region 900-700 em'! when comparedto the 3608 360 nearly (OH)-free bastnasite-(Ce)IR2958. 3581 266 3494 References: 3440 2842 1. AkhmanovaM.N. & Orlova L.P. (1966) 2582 Investigationof rare-earthcarbonates by infra-red spectroscopy. 2500 Geokhimiya,No.5, pp.71-578. 1822 Translatedin: GeochemistryInternational, 3(3), pp.444-451. 1760 1443 2. Adler H.H. & Kerr P. F. (1963) 1087 i Infrared spectra,symmetry and structurerelations of somecarbonate minerals. 880 AmericanMineralogist, 48, pp.839-853. 868 842 3. Donnay G. & Donnay J.D.H. (1953) The crystallographyof bastnasite,parisite, rontgeniteand 789 synchysite. 749 AmericanMineralogist, 38, (11-12), pp.932-936. 728 720 3~NVllI~SNV~1 % BAYLEYITE

Formula: Mg2(UOJ(COJ3'18~O Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Rutherfordine Chemical type: A..,Bn(XOJp·xH20 where (m+n):p = 1:1 Space group: P2/a

Specimen: BM 1963,389 Bright yellow prismatic crystalson sandstonewith anderstonite. Source: Homestakemine, Ambrosia Lakes, McKinley County, New Mexico, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2862 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 391F (std) Composition: Mg:U 1,5:1 with traceSi & S

Notes Peak Table cm-1 The spectrumis similar to that of liebigite. 3547 426 3406 396 2233 374 References: 2116 285 1619 1. Mayer H. & Mereiter K. (1986) 1553 Synthetic bayleyite, Mg2(U02)(C03)3'18H20; thermochemistry,crystallography and crystal 1387 structure. 1144 TschermoksMineralogische und PetrographischeMitteilungen. 35(2), pp.133-146. 1116 903 2. Axelrod I.M., Grimaldi F.S., Milton C. & Murata K. 1. (1951) 849 The minerals from the Hillside mine, Yavapai County, Arizona. 795 AmericanMineralogist, 36, p.lO. 775 731 693 668 604 510 465 C) ~ru ru

C) _ . C) C) m

3JNVIIIWSNV~1 % II BENSTONITE -~

Formula: (Ba,Sr)6(Ca,Mn)~g(COJ13 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Huntite Chemical type: AB(X0 3)3 Space group: R3

Specimen: BM 1968,628 Pale yellow crystal groupson . Source: Cave in Rock, Hardin County, Illinois, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2802 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 13487 (std) Composition: Ba:Sr:Ca:Mn:Mg = 2·4:0·2:3·1:0:1 with trace Na & Pb.

----- ~- Notes Peak Table cm- 7

The spectrumdisplays a closer relationshipto the aragonite,rather than the calcite group. [3428] 711 See Farmer (1974) pp.258-259for discussionand comparisonof alkaline earth double carbonates. 2923 700 Comparealstonite and barytocalcite. 2854 691 2510 684 2482 513 References: 1781 465 1763 341 1. ScheetzB.E. & White W.B. (1977) 1755 295 Vibrational spectraof the alkaline earth double carbonates. 1496 266 AmericanMineralogist, 62(1,2), pp.36-50. 1447 1409 1179 1087 872 , 845 800 780 719 38NVIII~SNVHl % o o LO

o o r-....

a:til LU CO :::E ::J Z LU > -< ...... 3: ..-i .r! ro 4J Q) "[J 0 0 "[J II) Q) "[J c: ro a x Q) ~

LU I- 1-1 Z 0 I- til Z LU III

o o 01 o o o o ru ~

38NV 11 I ~SNVtll % II BEYERITE ]

Formula: (Ca,Pb)Bi2(COJ202or Ca(BiOJ(COJ2 Crystal system: Tetragonal Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bismutite Chemical type: (ABMXOJ2Zq Space group: 14/mmm

Specimen: BM 1965,254 Greylwhite compactwith , ,malachite on . Source: Meyer'sRanch pegmatite,Park Co., Colorado,U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2883 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 11117 = beyerite Composition:

-

Notes Peak Table em- 7 The spectrumis similar to that of bismutite. 3696? 1032* * Peaksbetween 1032 and 909 cm-! inc. are probably due to impurities. 3654? 1008* MatchesSuhner (5-65 A), beyerite, including the triplet at ~ 1750 cm-!. 3621? 954* 3589? 909* References: 3471? 861 [3324] 848* l. Kupcik V. (1979) Bismuth; crystal chemistry. 2926? 836? In: Angino E.E & Long D.T. (Eds.) Geochemistryof bismuth. pp.13-19. 2852? 756 Pub: Dowden, Hutchinsonand Ross, Stroudsburg,PA, U.S.A. 2381? 707 1764 700 2. LagercrantzA. & GunnarS.L. (1948) 1752 693 On the crystal structureof Bi20 2C03 (bismutite) and CaBiz02(C03}z (beyerite). 1746 685 Arkiv for Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi. (K. SvenskaVetenskapsakad), 25(20). 1644 680 1564 632 3. Heinrich E.W. (1947) Beyerite from Colorado. 1482 568 American Mineralogist, 32(11), pp.660-666. 1431 471 (containsanalysis of material from Meyer's Ranch locality) 1197 330 1100 1065 o Lnru ru

o o Ln

o o ...... o

en En III ::::E ::J Z o LU o «> Ln 3: ...... I @ en en a:UJ 0.. ::::E o U

o o o ru

o o o (T)

(T) (Xl (Xl 0 ru 0 a: 0 ~~i,---.--.---.--.---.--.---.--.---.--.---.--'---r--'---+-- ~ o b (Xl to o o o ru ......

38NVIIIWSNVtU % [ ... BISMUTITE II

Formula: Bi2(C0 3)02 Crystal system: Tetragonal Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bismutite Chemical type: (ABMX0 3)Zq Space group: 14/mmm

Specimen: BM 1929,1830 Paleyellow, powdery pseudomorphswith malachitein . Source: Jessiemine, 120 miles S.E. of Kabwe, Zambia. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2882 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition:

Notes Peak Table em· 1

The spectrummatches Suhner (5-64 A) bismutite, but has an extra peak at 889 cm-I . [3468] 668 2924? 541 2852 375 References: 2404 298 1755 l. Kupcik V. (1979) Bismuth; crystal chemistry. 1734 In: Angino E.E & Long D.T. (Eds) Geochemistryof bismuth, pp.13-19. 1645 Pub: Dowden, Hutchinsonand Ross, Stroudsburg,PA, USA. 1560 1455 2. LagercrantzA. & Gunnar S.L. (1948) 1393 On the crystal structureof Bi 20 2C03 (bismutite) and CaBi20 2(C03)2 (beyerite). 1132 Arkiv for Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi. (K. SvenskaVetenskapsakad), 25(20). 1066 964 889? 862 821 759? 691 o In ru ru

o o In

o o o ~

en ct: LU OJ :::E ::J Z LU o > o -d: In 3: oI - LU en en LU ct: 0- :::Eo U

o o o ru

LU o I- o 1-1 o I- (TJ ::J :::E en 1-1 OJ

o o o ~ o o o o ~

38NV 11 I VlSNVtJ1 % II BRENKITE II

Formula: Ca2(COJF2 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Chemical type: (ABMX0 3)Zq Space group: Pbcn

Specimen: BM 1980,193 Tiny, radiating, colourlessprismatic crystalson . Source: Schellkopf, nr. Brenk, Eifel, (type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2864 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8109F (std) Composition: Ca & F only

Notes Peak Table cm- 1

The spectrummatches that given in the original description, ref. 3, except for the lack of a peak in the [3316] 718 600 cm-1 region. 3006 695 2930 514 2856 460 References: 2571 355 2505 307 1. Leufer U. & Tillmanns E. (1980) Die Kristallstruktur von Brenkit, Ca2F2C03' 2384 ? TschermaksMineralogische und PetrographischeMitteilungen, 27(4), pp.261-266. 1808 (in Germanwith English summary). 1524 1506 2. FleischerM., Chao G.Y. & PabstA. (1979) New mineral names. 1455 AmericanMineralogist, 64(12), pp.241-245. 1189 1165 3. HentschelG., Leufer U. & Tillmanns E. (1978) Brenkit, ein neuesKalzium Fluor Karbonat vom 1087 SchellkopfEifel. 860 NeuesJahrbuchjUr Mineralogie, Monatshefte,7, pp.325-329. 843 (Germanwith English summary). 799 780 723 3~NV11IWSNV~1 % [I BRUGNA TELLITE II

Formula: Mg6Fe(CO:J(OH)13·4H 20 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Hydrotalcite (sjogrenite) Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P3 or pj

Specimen: BM 1910,560 Bronze, micaceouscoating on serpentine. Source: Torre SanMarino, Val Malenco, Vaitellina, Lombardia,. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2821 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition: Mg:Fe = 4:1 + trace Mn, Ni

Notes Peak Table cm· 1 3689 1035 The spectrumis similar to that of sjogreniteand other membersof the hydrotalcitegroup. 3528 1028 3415 957 3292 871 3025 775 References: 2359 722 2326 674 l. BedogneF. & PaganoR. (1972) 1680 620 Mineral Collecting in Val Malenco. 1653 590 Mineralogical Record. 3(3), pp.120-123. 1548 436 1436 382 2. Fenoglio Massimo. (1938) 1418 310 Ricerche sulla brugnatellite. 1384 Periodico di Mineralogia. 9(1), pp.1-13. 1365 1170 1133 I 1079 1057

I IR2821 100.0

uUJ 6 :z: -< r- ..... :::E en :z: -< a:r- ~ 40-1

20·~1~~--~--~--~~--~--~--~~--~~~--~~--~-r--~~-.r-~~--~-r--~~~

4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

COMPRESSED-WAVENUMBERS 225.0

BRUGNATELLITE II BURBANKITE II

Formula: (Na,CaMSr,Ba,CeMCO~5 Crystal system: Hexagonal Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Eitelite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P6immc

Specimen: RMS 1979.25.4 Source: Mont St Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2912 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4184 Composition:

Notes Peak Table cm-1

Comparethe spectrumwith that of the chemically similar carbocernaite. [3431] 466 2925 303 2858 References: 2487 2362 1. Ginderow D. (1989) Structureof Na3M 3(C03)s (M=rare earth,Ca,Na,Sr)related to burbankite. 2334 Acta Crystallographica, Section C, Communications,45(2), pp.185-187. 1773 (in Frenchwith English summary). 1498

1451 i 2. EffenbergerH., Kluger F., PaulusH. & Woelfel E.R. (1985) Crystal structurerefinement of 1411 burbankite.Neues JahrbuchfUr Mineralogie. Monatshefte,(4), pp.161-170. 1391 1076 3. Chen T.T. & Chao G.Y. (1974) Burbankitefrom Mont St Hilaire, Quebec. 876 Canadian Mineralogist, 12(5), pp.342-345. 861 838 4. PecoraW.T. & Kerr J.H. (1953) Burbankite and calkinsite, two new minerals from Montana. 742 AmericanMineralogist, 38, pp.1169-1183. 732 712 700 o ILl C\I C\I

o o ILl

o o o ~

en ffi OJ ~ ::J Z o UJ o «> ILl 3: I Cl - UJ en en UJa: Q.. o~ u

o o o C\I

o o o (T')

C\I ~ 0'1 0 C\I 0 a: 0 I-t '<;f"

0 b b 1.0 C\I 0 0 0 ~

38NV11I~SNVt:ll % CALCITE

Formula: CaC03 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrousnonnal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite Chemical type: A(XOJ Space group: R3c

Specimen: BM 90698 Large, transparent,colourless rhomb, (Icelandspar). Source: Iceland. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2600 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 2634F = calcite Composition:

Notes Peak Table cm- 1 Trimorphouswith vaterite and aragonite.Forms a serieswith rhodochrosite. 2980 The spectrumis typical of all anhydroustrigonal carbonatesof the calcite group i.e. magnesite, 2931 rhodochrosite,siderite, sphaerocobaltite,smithsonite and otavite. 2872 2587 2515 References: 2170 1798 1. White W.B. (1974) 1734 The carbonateminerals. 1429 In: Farmer (Ed) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 1162 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp. 227-284. 1012 877 848 2. Adler H.H. & Kerr P.F. (1962) 843? Infrared study of aragoniteand calcite. 713 American Mineralogist, 47(5,6), pp.700-717. 482? 320 IR2600

100.0 ~ I~------~------~,

8

6

Ul U Z <3: t- ..... 4 ~ enz <3: a:t- it!! 2

O.'u,---r----,_----~----r_--_,----~----_r----,_----~--_r--_,----r_--,_--~--~r_--~--_r--_, ----r_--,_--~----r_--,_--_r--_,----r_~

4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

COMPRESSED-WAVENUMBERS 225.0

CALCITE var. Iceland Spar II CALLAGHANITE Ii

Formula: CuzMgz(C03)(OH)6'2HzO Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Hydromagnesite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: C2/c

Specimen: BM 1978,334 Thin, violetlblue crystalline crust on matrix. Source: Basic Mining Co., Gabbs,Nye County, Nevada,U.S.A. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2800 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7960F (std) Composition: Cu:Mg = 2:1,2 with trace Si & S

Notes Peak Table em· 1 The spectrummatches that given in Suhner(5-41 A) for callaghanitefrom the samelocality. 3685 1085 3564 937

3507 855 I References: 3342 811 3244 768 1. Brunton G. (1973) 3053 686 Refinementof the CallaghaniteStructure. 2921 517 AmericanMineralogist, 58(56), pp.551-1973. 2881? 489 2489 463 2. Beck c.W. & Burns J.H. (1954) 2366 408 Callaghanite,a new mineral [Nev.]. 1928 386 AmericanMineralogist, 39(7,8), pp.630-635. 1845 355 1793 304 1627 250? 1567 1462 1422 1171 o Ln N N

o o Ln

o o o ..-t

en ~ ::E :::J Z o ~ o

o~ u

o o o N

o o o rrJ

o o o ..-t

3~NVIIIHSNVt:J1 % II CANA VESITE II

Formula: Mg2(COJ(HB03)·5~O Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Compoundcarbonate Mineral group: Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: 21m ?

Specimen: RMS 1980.54.5. Source: Brossomine, Canavesedistrict, Piemonte,Italy. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2925 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4118 Composition:

Notes Peak Table em·' The spectrummatches that in Suhner(5-63 A) for canavesite,from the samelocality. 3407 1511 1440 References: 1321 1159 1. Ferraris G. & Franchini A.M. (1978) 1108 Canavesite,a new carboboratemineral from Brosso, Italy. 1006 Canadian Mineralogist, 16(1), pp.69-73. 877 768 693 440 339 o Inru ru

o o In

o o o ...-1

en ~ ::E :::::J Z LU o > o <2: In...... 3: oI LU en en LU II 0.. ::Eo U

o o o ru

~ o ...... o en o LU CTl > <2: Z <2: U

In ru m 0 ru 0 0 II...... ""'" 0 cd 0 0 0 In ...-1

3~NVllI~SNVI::I1 % CARBOCERNAITE

Formula: (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO:J2 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Eitelite? Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: Pmc21

Specimen: NHM unregistered. Source: Sarnu, Barmer District, Rajasthan,India. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2981 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8661F Composition: Ca:Na:Sr:La:Ce:Ba= 1:0,4:0,4:0,2:0,2:0'03+ minor Pr, Nd, Sm

Notes Peak Table cm- 1

A chemical analysis and descriptionof this material is given in ref. 1. [3436] 573 The spectrumis similar to, but distinguishablefrom that of burbankite,which is close in composition. 2924 463 I 2860 322 References: 2516 1771 1. Wall F., LeBas M.J. & SrivastavaR.K. (1993) Calcite and carbocemaiteexsolution and cotectic 1468 structuresin a Sr, REE-rich carbonatitedyke from Rajasthan,India. 1422 Mineralogical Magazine, 57, (in press). 1185 1124 2. Shi Nicheng, Ma Zhesheng& Peng Zhizhong (1982) The crystal structureof carbocemaite. 1090 Kexue Tongbao (Foreign LanguageEdition), 27, (1), pp.76-80. 1071 873 3. Harris D.C. (1972) Carbocemaite,a Canadianoccurrence. 857 Canadian Mineralogist, 11(4), pp.812-818. 802 737 4. Bulakh A.K., Kondrat'evaV.V. & BaranovaE.N. (1961) Carbocemaite,a new rare earth carbonate. 716 Zapiski VsesoiuznoeMineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo, 90, pp.42-49. (In Russian) 696 Abstractedin: AmericanMineralogist, 1961,46,p.1202. 637 612 w mffi ~ ~ zw C) > C) ~ ~ x ~ I C W W W W ~ ~ ~ 0 u

C) C) C) N

3~NVllIHSNV~1 % CARBONATE-CYANOTRICHITE

Formula: CU4AI2(C03,SO,J(OH)12'2H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Compound carbonate Mineral group: Cyanotrichite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: ?

Specimen: RMS 1988.18.1. Source: Engle mine, PlumasCounty, California, USA. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2927 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4108 Composition:

Notes Peak Table em- 7

3416 2220 2056 References: 1634 1453 1. Ankinovich E.A., Gekht 1.1. & ZaitsevaR.I. (1963) 1369 Zapiski Vsesoyuzni Mineralogicheskoe Obshchestva, 92, pp.458-463. 1101 Abstractedin American Mineralogist, 1964, 49, pp.441-442. 1030 883 747 652 605 568 505 445 IR2927 100.0

SO-::::

Ul zu t-<{ I-.... 70-1 ~ enz <{ l-a: N 6

50." II

4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

COMPRESSED-WAVENUMBERS 225.0

CARBONATE-CYANOTRICHITE CERUSSITE

Formula: PbC03 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Aragonite Chemical type: A(XOJ Space group: Pmcn

Specimen: BM 1926,187 Transparent,grey, twinned platy crystals. Source: ,. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2679 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition: Pb only

Notes Peak Table em-' Comparethe spectrumwith that from other membersof the aragonitegroup. [3439] The spectrumhas beenbaseline subtracted to remove the effects of scatteringat high wavenumbersdue to 2924 the differencebetween the sampleand KBr medium. 2730 2461 References: 2404 1740 1. Gevork'yanS.V. & PovarennikhO.S. (1983) 1727 New infrared spectrafor minerals in the calcite and aragonitegroups. 1429 Dopovidi AkademiyiNauk Ukrayins'koyi RSR, 1395 Seriya B: Geologichni, Khimichni ta Biologichni Nauki. 11, pp.8-12. 1102 (In Russianwith English summary). 1051 994 2. White W.B. (1974) The carbonateminerals. In: Farmer(Ed), The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 839 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 824 698? 3. Grisafe D.A. & White W.B. (1964) 678 Phaserelations in the systemPbO CO2 and the decompositionof cerussite. 474 American. Mineralogist, 49(9,10), pp.1184-1198. 242? 38NVllIWSNV~1 % ~nn COALINGITE Ii

Formula: FezMglo(C03)(0H)24·2H20 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Sjogrenite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: R3m

Specimen: BM 1977,102 Bronze, thin, micaceouscrust on serpentine. Source: Dallas Gem mine (near), San Benito County, California, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2820 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7962F = coalingite (see notes). Composition: Mg:Fe:Mn = 9:2:0·3

------

Notes Peak Table em·1 The X-ray powder diffraction patternof this specimendisplayed some differencesc.f. PDF 26-1217 3696 441 possibly due to preferredorientation in the PDF sample. The spectrumdiffers from that shown in the 3641 376 original description(ref.3). 3584 275? 3454 References: 2928 2363 l. DelnavazH. & AHmann R. (1988) 2338 Fe-, coalingite and pyroaurite in the systemMgO-Fe-0 2-H2O(C02) 1632 Proceedingsand posters; 66th annual meetingof the German Mineralogical Society. 1585 Fortschritte der Mineralogie, Beiheft. 66(1), p.23. 1384 1345 2. PastorR.J. & Taylor H.F.W. (1971) Crystal structureof coalingite. 1166 Mineralogical Magazine, 38(295), pp.286-294. 1078 , 1024 3. Mumpton F.A., Jaffe H.W. & ThompsonC.S. (1965) 958 Coalingite, a new mineral from the New Idria ,Fresno and San Benito Counties, 799 California. AmericanMineralogist, 50(11,12), pp.1893-1913. 778 570 38NVllIWSNV~1 % CORDYLITE-(Ce)

Formula: Ba(Ce,La)iCOJ3F2 Crystal system: Hexagonal Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bastnasite Chemical type: (AB)(XOJZq Space group: P63/mmc

Specimen: BM 1924,854 Pale yellow/greenstriated hexagonal crystals with parisite. Source: Narsarsuk,Julianehaab, . (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2894 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8233F = cordylite Composition: Ba:Ce:La:Nd = 1·0:1·0:0·6:0·1 with trace Sr,Ca,Th ---- Notes Peak Table em" The spectrumis more complex than those of the chemically similar bastnasite,synchysite and parisite. [3441] 513 2811 464 2612 405 References: 2528 250 2476 1. Zhang Peishan& Tao Kejie. (1985) 1808 Cordylite in Bayun Obo. 1802 Scientia GeologicaSinica, (2), pp.191-195. 1774 1486 2. Chen T.T. & Chao G.Y. (1975) 1408 Cordylite from Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. 1180 Canadian Mineralogist, 13(1), pp.93-94. 1091 881 3. Donnay G. & Donnay J.D.H. (1955) 857 Cordylite re-examined. 802 Geological Societyof America Bulletin, 66(12), pt 2, p.1551. 719 690 634 3~NVllI~SNV~1 % [ ~~~ ~

Formula: NaAl(COJ(OH)2 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Dawsonite Chemical type: (ABMX0 3)Zq Space group: Imam

Specimen: RMS 1978.2. Source: Franconquarry, St Michel, Montreal Island, Quebec,Canada. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2935 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4096 Composition: Major Na,Al trace Fe

Notes Peak Table em- 7 Peakassignments for dawsoniteare discussedin Farmer. 3471 731 3286 694 2819 549 References: 2758 517 2605 487 1. SernaC.J., Garcia RamosJ.V. & PenaM.J. (1985) 2472 394 Vibrational study of dawsonitetype compoundsMAl(OH)2 C03 (M = Na, K, NH4) 2098 363 SpectrochimicaActa, Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy,41, (5), pp.697-702. 1978 306 1889 284 2. Estep P.A. & Karr C. Jr. (1968) 1826 252 The infrared spectraof dawsonite. 1773 AmericanMineralogist, 53(1,2), pp.305-309. 1720 1561 3. Frueh A.J.Jr. & Golightly J.P. (1967) 1398 The crystal structureof dawsoniteNaAl(C0 3)(OH)2 1097 CanadianMineralogist, 9, pp.51-56. 953 863 848 o Ln C\J C\J

o o Ln

o o ...... o

Ul ffi OJ ::E :::::J Z o Ul o «> Ln 3: ...... I CJ Ul Ul Ul UJa: 0- ::Eo U

o o o C\J

Ul o I- o 1-1 o Z CTl o Ul «3: CJ

Ln CTl m 0 C\J 0 a: 0 I-< "'l"

0 cd 1.0 0 0 ...... 0

3JNV11I~SNVtJl % II DEFERNITE II

Formula: Ca3C0 3(OH,CI)4·H 20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Hydromagnesite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: Pna2} or Pnam

Specimen: RMS 1988.7.7. Source: Kombat mine, Namibia. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2913 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4101 Composition:

Notes Peak Table em· 1 See ref. no.1 for a discussionof the mineral formula and substitutions. 3575 859 2927 766? 2564 748? References: 2481 738? 2363 654 l. PeacorD.R., Sarp H., Dunn P.J., Innes J. & Nelen J.A. (1988) 2334 538 Defemite from Kombat Mine, Namibia; a secondoccurrence, structure refinement, and crystal 1777 510 chemistry. 1542 343 AmericanMineralogist, 73(78), pp.888-893. 1467 1414 2. Liebich B.W. & Sarp H. (1985) 1303 The crystalline structureof defemite. 1255 SchweizerischeMineralogische und PetrographischeMitteilungen, 65(2,3), pp.153-158. 1211 1187 3. Sarp H., Taner M.F., DefemeJ., Bizouard H. & Liebich B.W. (1980) 1080 Defemite, a new chloro-hydroxyl carbonate. 1039 Bulletin de la SocieteFrancaise de Mineralogie et de Christallographie, 103(2), pp.185-189. 990 934 871 C)

~ N N

C) o C) N

3~NVllI~SNVHl % ~ ~~~ ~

Formula: M~n2(C03)(OH)16·4H20 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Sjogrenite Chemical type: A",Bn(XOJpZq ·xH20 Space group: R3m orR3m

Specimen: BM 1978,602.Tiny orange/brownplaty crystals. Source: San Benito County, California, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2857 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 20221 = desautelsite Composition: Mg:Mn = 6:1·3 with trace Si.

Notes Peak Table cm- 1

The spectrumis similar to thoseof hydrotalcite, pyroauriteand sjogrenite. 3591 3452 1632 References: 1595 1380 1. Dunn P.J., PeacorD.R. & Palmer T.D. (1979) 1349 Desautelsite,a new mineral of the pyroauritegroup. 1292 AmericanMineralogist, 64(1,2), pp.127-130. 1156 1080 1017 997 661 613 401 3~NVllIWSNV~1 % II DOLOMITE II

Formula: CaMg(C03)2 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Dolomite Chemical type: AB(X0 3)2 Space group: R3

Specimen: BM 1947,52 White rhombs on . Source: North Pool mine, Illogan, Cornwall. U.K. Spectrum ref. No.: IR2662 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition: Ca:Mg = 1:1 pure

Notes Peak Table em- t Forms a series with ankeriteand kutnohorite. 3019 Comparethe spectrumwith those of other membersof the dolomite group i.e. ankerite & kutnohorite. 2896 2628 References: 2528 1821 1. Dubrawski J.V., ChannonA.L. & Warne S.S.J. (1989) 1441 The effects of substitutionin the dolomite ferroan dolomite ankerite seriesas illustrated by FTIR. 1090 NeuesJahrbuchjUr Mineralogie. Monatshefte,8, pp.337-344. 882 853 2. Rao Yuxue. (1986) Infrared spectroscopyused to identify minerals of the dolomite ankerite series. 729 Geology and Prospecting,22, (4), pp.41-42. 369 323 3. RakcheevA.D. (RakcheyevA.D.)., RagabM.A. & VentslovaiteE.1. (1984) 262 I Diagnosisof calcium, magnesium,and iron carbonatesaccording to light absorptionspectra. Moscow University Geology Bulletin, 39, (6), pp.66-71.

4. FarmerV.c. & Warne S.S.J. (1978) Infrared spectroscopicevaluation of iron contentsand excess calcium in minerals of the dolomite ankerite series. AmericanMineralogist, 63 (7,8), pp.779-781. C) ~ru ru

3JNVIII~SNV~1 % II DONNA YITE-fYJ Ii

Formula: NaCaSr3 Y (C0 3)6· 3H20 Crystal system: Triciinic, pseudotrigonal Chemical class: Hydrated normal carbonate Mineral group: Mckelveyite

Chemical type: A",Bn(X0 3)p·xH20 where (m+n):p = 1:1 Space group: PI

Specimen: RMS unregistered. Source: Mont St Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2919 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4556 Composition: --- Notes Peak Table cm-1

The spectrumis similar to those of welloganite and mckelveyite. 3418 720 3280 697 2956 632 References: 2928 521 2857 464 l. Thi T.T.L., PobedimskayaYeo A., NadezhinaT.N. & Khomyakov A.P. (1984) 2583 413 The crystal structuresof alkaline carbonates;barentsite, bonshtedtite and donnayite. 2428 284 Acta Crystallographica, (AJ: Foundationsof Crystallography, 40 (Supplement), p.C257. 1733 1684 : 2. Chao G.Y., Mainwaring P.R. & Baker 1. (1978) 1523 Donnayite, NaCaSr3Y(C03)6'lf~O, a new mineral from Mont St Hilaire, Quebec. 1476 Canadian Mineralogist, Donnay issue, 16 (3), pp.335-340. 1445 1396 1359 1196 1150 1061 855 3~NVIIIWSNV~1 % DRESSERITE

Formula: B8zAI4(COJ4(OH)8·3~O Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Alumohydrocalcite

Chemical type: A,..Bn(X0 3)pZq·xH20 where (m+n):p = 3:2 Space group: Pbnm

Specimen BM 1970,200 Silky white radiating fibres on matrix with quartz etc. Source: FranconQuarry, St Michel, Montreal Island, Quebec,Canada. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2803 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 15672 = dresserite Composition: Ba:Al = 1:2·3 with traceNa,Mn,Sr.

Notes Peak Table em- 7

The spectrummatches that given in ref. 1, with the addition of extra peaksaround 2900 cm-I . The 3629 859 spectrumis similar to, but distinguishablefrom that of strontiodresserite_ 3485 841 I 3226 799 2962 753 References: 2923 732 2851 669 1. Farrell D.M. (1977) 2585 567 Infrared investigationof basic double carbonatehydrate minerals. 2132 537 Canadian Mineralogist, 15(3), pp.408-413. 1848 464 1811 401 2. JamborJ.L., Fong D.G. & SabinaA.P. (1969) 1641 371 Dresserite,the new barium analogueof dundasite. 1542 312 Canadian Mineralogist, 10(1), pp.84-89. 1505 1453 1376 1171 1090 1041 954 o 10 Rl

o o 10

o o o ~

o o 10 ~

o o o N

o o o IT)

IT) o m 0 N 0 ES~~-'--.--r~--.--.~.-.--.--r-.--.--r--r-'--.--r-'--+--- ~ o o o o ~

3~NVllIHSNV~1 % DUNDASITE

Formula: PbAl2(COJ2(OH)4·H 20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydrated carbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Dundasite Chemical type: A.,.Bn(XOJpZq·xH 20 Space group: Pbnm

Specimen: BM 1927,1814 White, fibrous, radiating, botryoidal crust with . Source: Adelaide Proprietarymine, Dundas,County Montagu, Tasmania,. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2795 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7958F (std) Composition: Pb:Al = 1:1·4 with trace Si,Fe.

Notes Peak Table em·! The spectrumis close to that shown in ref. 1 , where peak assignmentsare given, and comparisonsmade 3596 844 with the spectraof dresseriteand strontiodresserite. 3450 825 3076 750 References: 2926 727 2858 671 1. Farrell D.M. (1977) 2484 576 Infrared investigationof basic double carbonatehydrate minerals. 2277 542 Canadian Mineralogist, 15(3), pp.408-413. 2197 479 2115 446 2. Cocco G., Fanfani L., Nunzi A. & Zanazzi P.F. (1972) 1810 386 The crystal structureof dundasite. 1642 323 Mineralogical Magazine, 38(297), pp.564-569. 1523 300 1506 3. Ford R. J. (1967) 1400 A new analysisof dundasitefrom Tasmania. 1100 Papers and Proceedingso/the Royal Society o/Tasmania,101, p.9. 967 925 885 o "'gj

o o "'

o o o ~

:E~ :::>z o \l! o '" "'~ "I enfil en g:UJ :E C U

o o o no

o c c '"

o o o o ~

3JNVllIHSNV~1 % DYPINGITE

Formula: Mgs(C03)4(OH)2·5H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic ? Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Hydromagnesite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: PI?

Specimen: BM 1978,500 White botryoidal crystalline aggregates,with canavesite. Source: Brosso,Ivrea, Piemonte,Italy. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2786 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7857F = dypingite or very near Composition: Mg with trace S.

Notes Peak Table em-!

The spectrum matchesthat in the original description(ref.3), and is also very close to that of 3650 hydromagnesite,except in the 3400-3700cm-! region. 3510 3443 2929 References: 1601 1484 1. CanterfordI.H., TsambourakisG. & Lambert R. (1984) 1428 Some observationson the propertiesof dypingite, Mg5(C03)4 (OH)2'5I-\O, and related minerals. 1113 Mineralogical Magazine, 48(3), pp.437-442. 1097 944 2. Smolin P.P. & Ziborova T.A. (1976) 883 Types of water, stoichiometryand relations betweenhydromagnesite and other hydratedmagnesium 855 carbonates. 799 Doklady-Academyof Sciencesof the USSR" Earth SciencesSection, 226(16), pp.130-133. 718 665 3. RaadeG. (1970) 596 Dypingite, a new hydrous basic carbonateof magnesium,from Norway. 425 AmericanMineralogist, 55, pp.1457-1465. 381 o l.() C\J C\J

o o l.()

o o o ...;

UJa: UJ (Xl ::E ::J Z o UJ o >« l.() 3: ...; I Cl UJ UJ UJ a:UJ 0- ::Eo (J

o o o C\J

UJ o r- o ~ o (,!) C11 z ~ 0- >- Cl

to (Xl 0 C\J 0 "a: 0 ~ "'f

0 b b b (Xl to "'f 0 0 0 C\J ...;

3:JNV 11 I WSNVI:U % II GASPEITE II

Formula: (Ni,Mg,Fe)C03 (see notes) Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrous nonnal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite Chemical type: A(X03) Space group: R3c

Specimen: BM 1985,497 Pale greenlyellowcoating with kambaldaite. Source: Otter Shoot, Kambalda,Kalgoorlie, WesternAustralia. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2826 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 6705F (std) Composition: Ni:Mg = 1: <0·1 with trace Fe

Notes Peak Table em- 1

Forms a serieswith magnesite.Specimens with high nickel and low iron are rare, many I gaspeitesI are 3511 magnesiangaspeite or nickeloanmagnesite. This specimenis close to the ideal formula NiC03• 3483 Comparethe spectrumwith that in Suhner(5-29 A), and original data (ref.2), which relate to zincian and 3295 magnesianspecies. 2925 2859 References: 2502 1825 l. White W.B. (1974) 1438 The carbonateminerals. 1086 In: Farmer(Ed) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 965 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 871 753 2. Kohls D.W. & RoddaJ.L. (1966) 531 Gaspeite,(Ni,Mg,Fe)(C0 3) a new carbonatefrom the GaspePeninsula, Quebec. 374 AmericanMineralogist, 51(5,6), pp.677-684. 240? 38NVllI~SNV~1 % II GA YLUSSITE II

Formula: NazCa(C03)z·5HzO Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Hydrated normal carbonate Mineral group: Gaylussite Chemical type: A..,Bn(X0 3)p·xHzO where (m+n):p > 1:1 Space group: C2/c or Cc

Specimen: BM 1974,217 Colourlessisolated crystals. Source: Lake Amboseli, Nairobi, Kenya. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2783 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7854F (std) Composition: Na & Ca only

Notes Peak Table em-'

The spectrummatches those from specimensfrom other localities, also that of Adler & Kerr (ref.4), but 3345 523 not that in Sadtler(80). The spectrumis easily distinguishablefrom that of the lower hydrate, pirssonite. 2966 267 2499 2461 References: 2393 1787 1. Maglione G. & Carn M. (1975) Infrared spectraof saline and silicate minerals from the Chad Basin. 1662 Fr., Off Rech. Sci. Tech. Outre Mer, Cah., Ser. Geol., 7, (1), pp. 3-9. 1617 1444 2. White W.B. (1974) The carbonateminerals. In: Farmer(Ed) The Infrared Spectraoj Minerals. 1414 Mineralogical Societyoj London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 1070 898 3. Dickens B. & Brown. W.E. (1969) The crystal structureof CaNaz(C03)2'5lIz0,synthetic gaylussite, 876 and CaNa2(C03)2'2H20,synthetic pirssonite. Inorganic Chemistry, 8, pp.2093-2103 805 720 4. Adler H.H. & Kerr P.F. (1963) Infrared spectra,symmetry and structurerelations of some carbonate 693 I minerals. AmericanMineralogist, 48, pp.839-853. 653 557 . ~ N N

3~NVllI~SNV~1 % II GLAUKOSPHAERITE II

Formula: (Cu,NiMC0 3)(OH)z Crystal system: Monoclinic, pseudo-orthorhombic. Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Malachite (rosasite) Chemical type: (AB>z(XOJZq Space group: ?

Specimen: BM 1984,381 Bluelgreenradiating acicular aggregates,with rosasite. Source: Tsumeb,Namibia. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2869 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4082F = glaukosphaerite Composition: Cu:Ni:Mg = 1·2:0'8:0·1

Notes Peak Table em· 1

The spectrumis close to those of kolwezite, mcguinnessiteand rosasite.Also comparewith malachite. 3497 Matchesthe partial spectrumshown in ref.2. 3247 1528 1420 References: 1384 1174 1. Nickel E.H. & Berry L.G. (1981) 1099 The new mineral nullaginite and additional data on the related minerals rosasiteand glaukosphaerite. 1049 Canadian Mineralogist, 19,(2), pp.315-324. 852 828 2. Deliens M. & Piret P. (1980) 739 Kolwezite, Cu-Co hydroxycarbonate,analogue of glaukosphaeriteand rosasite. 704 Bulletin de la SocieteFranraise de Mineralogie et de Cristallographie, 103, (2), pp.179-184. 669 556 3. Pryce M.W. & Just J. (1974) 464 Glaukosphaerite:A new nickel analogueof rosasite. 406 Mineralogical Magazine, 39,(307), pp.737-743. 327 274

I o Laru ru

o o La

o o o ..-t

en c: 1.1.1 III ::E: ::::l Z UJ o > o

o o o ru

...... ~ 0: 1.1.1

m to (X) 0 ru 0 c: 0 ...... "<:t

0 b b (X) to "<:t 0 0 0 ru ...-f

3JNVllIWSNVHl % HARKERITE

Formula: Ca24Mgs[AISi4(0,0H)lJ2(B03MC03MH20, CI) * Crystal system: Trigonal, pseudo-cubic Chemical class: Compoundcarbonate Mineral group: Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: R3m

Specimen: RMS unregistered. Source: CamasMalag, Isle of Skye, Highland Region, Scotland,U.K. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2926 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 9997 Composition: Ca:Mg:AI:Si:CI ~ 12:5:1:5:0'5+ trace Fe(B not determined)

------Notes Peak Table cm- 1

* Idealisedunit cell content. See ref. 1 for a discussionof the structureand contents. 3685 612 3435 585 2953 538 References: 2928 455 2859 403 1. GiuseppettiG., Mazzi F. & Tadini C. (1977) 2594 319 The crystal structureof harkerite. 2515 American Mineralogist, 62(3,4), pp.263-272. 1793 1734 2. Malinko S.V. & KuznetsovaN.N. (1973) 1515 A new find of sakhaite. 1242 Zapiski VsesoiuznoeMineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo,102(2), pp.164-170. 976 (includes comparisonwith harkerite& IR spectra). 904 877 3. Tilley C.E. (1951) 861 The zoned contact skarnsof the Broadford area, Skye; a study of boron fluorine metasomatismin 852 dolomites. 776 Mineralogical Magazine, 29(214), pp.621-666. 741 713 o LCl C\J C\J

o o LCl

o o o ~

U) a: UJ CD :::E :J Z UJ o > o < LCl 3: ~ oI UJ U) U) a:UJ 0- :::Eo U

o o o C\J

UJ o r- o ...... o a: CT'J a:~ :c<

LO C\J C1 0 C\J 0 a: 0 ...... ;;t

0 d 0 0 0 ...-1

3:JN\fllI~SN\ft:ll % HELLYERITE

Formula: NiC0 3·6H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Hydrated normal carbonate Mineral group: Nesquehonite Chemical type: A(XOJ·x~O Space group: C2/c

Specimen: BM 1959,534 Blue/greenplaty crystalscoating matrix with zaratite. Source: Lord Brasseymine, Heazelwood,County Russell, Tasmania,Australia. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2797 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7948F = amorphous(see notes) Composition: Ni with trace Cu, Zn, Cl

--- - Notes Peak Table cm- 7 The spectrumis very close to that of zaratite, i.e. the hellyerite may have dehydrated. 3411 Previousx-ray work on this specimengave patternsmatching those in the original description, ref.2. 2926 2856 1568 1422 References: 1161

1086 ! l. IsaacsT. (1963) 1030 I The mineralogy and chemistry of the nickel carbonates. 837 Mineralogical Magazine, 33(263), pp.663-678. 799 779 2. Williams K.L., ThreadgoldI.M. & Hounslow A.W. (1959) 680 Hellyerite, a new nickel carbonatefrom Heazlewood,Tasmania. 622 AmericanMineralogist, 44(5,6), pp.533-538. 513 463 399 374 325 en~ ~ 0 ru 0 ~ 0 ~~--~--~----~--~--~----~--~--~----~--~--~----~- ~

CD mb

3~NVllI~SNV~1 % HUNTITE

Formula: CaMg3(CO:J4 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrousnonnal carbonate Mineral group: Huntite (calcite) Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: R32

Specimen: BM 1972,214 White powdery nodule. Source: Boquira, Bahia, . Spectrum ref. no.: IR2669 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: See notes Composition: Ca:Mg ~ 1:3

Notes Peak Table cm-' The spectrummatches that from NHM x-ray standardhuntite from Tea Tree Gulley, South Australia. 2979 386 Comparethe spectrumwith those from other membersof the calcite group. 2901 283 2584 249? 2546 References: 1828 1543 1. Ozao R. & OtsukaR. (1985) 1508 Thermoanalyticalinvestigation of huntite. 1463 ThermochimicaActa, 86, pp.45-58. 1442 113 2. ShayanA. (1984) 891 in huntites from Geelongand Deer Park, Victoria, Australia. 887 AmericanMineralogist, 69(5,6), pp.528-530. 870 851 3. ScheetzB.E. & White W.B. (1977) 744 Vibrational spectraof the alkaline earth double carbonates. 697 AmericanMineralogist, 62(1,2), pp.36-50. 667 449 3~NVIII~SNV~1 % II HYDROCERUSSITE II

Formula: Pb3(C03MOH)2 Crystal system: Hexagonal Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Hydrocerussite Chemical type: (ABMXOJ2Zq Space group: PI?

Specimen: BM 1970,108 Whitelcolourlessplaty crystalswith calcite. Source: MereheadQuarry, Mendip Hills, Somerset,U.K. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2750 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: See notes Composition:

Notes Peak Table em- 7

The spectrummatches that from NHM, x-ray standard,BM 1923,724(Priddy, Somerset),and is easily 3530 distinguishedfrom that of cerussite. 3450 2923 2419 1736 References: 1631 1410 l. Bilinski H. & SchindlerP. (1982) 1226 and equilibrium constantsof in carbonatesolutions. 1099 Geochimicaet CosmochimicaActa, 46(6), pp.921-928. 1046 850 2. Bessiere-MorandatJ., Lorenzelli V. & Lecomte J. (1970) 781 Determinationand attribution of infrared active vibrations of somebasic carbonates. 693 Journal de Physique, Paris, 31, pp.309-312. 683 620 468 393 IR2750 100.0

B

UJ 6 zU «t- t-.... ::::E Ul Z II« I-- 4 ~

20.'~/--+----.----r----r----r---~---'r---~--~r-~r-~--~--~--~---'---'---'---'---'--~--~-- ~--~--~--~--~~

4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

COMPRESSED-WAVENUMBERS 225.0

HYDROCERUSSITE HYDROMAGNESITE

Formula: Mgs(C03M°H)2'4H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Hydrated carbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Hydromagnesite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P21/c

Specimen: BM 1975,597 Whitelcolourlessbladed crystals on serpentine. Source: Red Mountain District, SantaClara County, California, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2770 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 19248 = hydromagnesite Composition: Mg only

------_ .._------Notes Peak Table em"

See Farmerfor a discussionof the spectrumand other referencesto IR work on hydratedmagnesium 3650 379 carbonates.The spectrumis close to that of dypingite. 3516 337 3452 250? References: 3237 2994 1. NechiporenkoG.O., Sokolova G.V., Ziborova T.A. & BondarenkoG.P. (1988) 2588 Hydrated hydromagnesite.Mineralogicheskiy Zhurnal, 10(1), pp.78-85. (English summary). 2541 1483 2. CanterfordI.H., TsambourakisG. & Lambert R. (1984) 1428 Some observationson the propertiesof dypingite, Mgs(C03MOH)2'5Hz0and related minerals. 1120 Mineralogical Magazine, 48(348), pp.437-442. 1109 884 3. Smolin P.P. & Ziborova T.A. (1977) Types of water, stoichiometryand relations between 853 hydromagnesiteand other hydratedmagnesium carbonates. 786 Doklady-Academyof Sciencesof the USSR" Earth SciencesSection, 226(1,6), pp.130-133. 747 714 4. White W.B. (1971) Infrared characterizationof water and hydroxyl ion in the basic magnesium 596 carbonateminerals. AmericanMineralogist, 56(1,2), pp.46-53. 472 436 o U'l C\J C\J

o o U'l

o o o ......

r.n 0: LU IJ) ::E ::::J Z o LU o >« U'l ~ ...... I Cl LUr.n r.n LU 0: a. ::Eo (J

o o o C\J

LU ...... f- r.n zLU o (!) o « o ::E C11 o 0: t:J :r:>-

o o o "'

3JN'V 11 I v-l8N'VtU % HYDRO TAL CITE

Formula: Mg6AI2(COJOH16·4H20 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Sjogrenite(hydrotalcite) Chemical type: A".Bn(XOJpZq ·xH20 Space group: R3morR3m

Specimen: BM 89358 White, soft, micaceousmassive with manasseite. Source: Snarum,Norway. (Type locality?). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2853 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8067F = hydrotalcite + slight impurity Composition: Mg & AI only

- ~~ ------Notes Peak Table cm- 7 Dimorphouswith manasseite. 3573 The spectrumis similar to, but simpler than, that of manasseite. 3510 It has an additional peak at 1632 cm-i in comparisonwith that in Suhner(5-66 A) hydrotalcite. 2431 1653 1632 References: 1583 1372 l. IdemuraS., Suzuki E. & Ono Y. (1989) 855 Electronic state of iron complexesin the interlayer of hydrotalcitelike materials. 664 Clays and Clay Minerals, 37(6), pp.553-557. 557 414 2. HernandezMoreno M.J., Ulibarri M.A., RendonJ.L. & SernaC.J. (1985) IR characteristicsof hydrotalcite-likecompounds. Physicsand Chemistryof Minerals, 12(1), pp.34-38. o In C\I C\I

o o In

o o o ~

en ffim :::E: ::J Z UI o > o

o o o C\I

o o o [T)

[T) In CD 0 C\I 0 a: 0 1--1 'o;t

0 cd 0 0 0 ~

3~N\f 11 I ~SN\ft::U % HYDROZINCITE

Formula: Zns(COJZ(OH)6 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Aurichalcite

Chemical type: (AB>S

Specimen: BM 1934,975 White chalky massive,with tiny colourlessneedle-shaped crystals. Source: Goodsprings,Clark County, Nevada,U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2754 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 1692F = hydrozincite Composition: Zn only

Notes Peak Table em-' The chalky material gave a much more detailed and well-resolvedspectrum than the associatedcolourless 3300 692 needles(also hydrozincite). 3243 517 Comparethe spectrumwith that of hydrozincite ("Dorchestertype") IR2755. 2590 467 2395 389 2104 375 References: 1767 316 1589 280 1. JamborJ.L. (1966) 1548 265 Natural and synthetic hydrozincites. 1507 CanadianMineralogist, 8(5), pp.652-653. 1390 1364 1336 1068 1048 953 893 836 738 710 o o o ru

38NV11IWSNV~1 % II HYDROZINCITE (dorchester type) II

Formula: Zns(C03M°H)6 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Aurichalcite Chemical type: (AB>S

Specimen: BM 1983,452.Thin white coating. Source: Parc and Fucheslasmine, Betws-y-Coed,Caernarvonshire, , U.K. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2755 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4881F = hydrozincite (dorchestertype) Composition:

Notes Peak Table em· 1 The spectrumis less complex than hydrozinciteIR2754, but has the sameoverall pattern. 2359 2584 2361 References: 2336 2102 1. JamborJ.L. (1966) 1774 Natural and synthetic hydrozincites. 1508 Canadian Mineralogist, 8(5), pp.652-653. 1387 1047 950 888 834 738 708 474 367 296 3~NVllIWSNV~1 % IKAITE?

Formula: CaC03·6H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Nesquehonite Chemical type: A(XOJ·xH20 Space group: C2/c or Cc

Specimen: NHM unregistered.Brown, translucent,bipyramidal isolated crystals. Source: Barrow, Alaska. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2877 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition:

Notes Peak Table em· 7 Ikaite is unstableat room temperatureand is storedbelow OCC. This specimenmay be partially 3467 decomposedto calcite plus water. The spectrumwas checkedby repeatingas a mull which gave an 2515 identical result. 2387 2258 References: 1797 1641 1. Kennedy G.L., Hopkins D.M. & PickthomW.l. (1987) 1421 Ikaite, the glendoniteprecursor, in estuarinesediments at Barrow, Arctic Alaska. 1082 In: Dickinson, W.R. (Ed) Geological Society of America, 1987annual meetingand exposition. 877 Abstractswith Programs, Geological Societyof America, 19(7), p.725. 710 680 2. Shaikh A.M. & ShearmanD.l. (1987) 614 On ikaite and the morphology of its . 571 In: RodriguezC.R. & Tardy Y.(Eds.) Geochemistryand mineral formation in the Earth sUrface. 316 Cons. Super. Invest. Cient., Barcelona,Spain, pp.791-803. C) ~ru ru

3~NVllIWSNV~1 % INDIGIRITE ?

Formula: Mg2AI2(C03M°H)2'15H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic ? Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group:

Chemical type: A..,Bn(XOJpZq·xH20 Space group: ?

Specimen: BM 1974,521 White powdery coating on matrix. Source: Sarylakbdeposit, Indigirki River, Yakutia, Yakutskya,Russia. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2880 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition: Mg:AI = 1'2:1? with minor Si,Ca,Pand trace Na & Fe

Notes Peak Table em- 7 "An inadequatelydescribed species" - ref. I. 3460 2073 1747 References: 1636 1543 1. FleischerM. (1972) 1513 New minerals names. 1400 AmericanMineralogist, 57, pp.325-329. 1384 1360 2. Indolev L.N., Zhdanov Yu. Ya., KashirtsevaK.I., Suknev V.S. & Del'yanidi K.1. (1971) 1113 Magnesiumand aluminum hydrocarbonate;new mineral indighirite. 1024 Zapiski VsesoiuznoeMineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo, 100(2), pp.178-183. 975 786 689 621 558 450 243 C) mru ru

38NVllIWSNV~1 % C KAMBALDAITE II

Formula: NaNiiC0 3M°H)3'3H20 Crystal system: Hexagonal Chemical class: Hydrated carbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Hydromagnesite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P63

Specimen: RMS unregistered. Source: Kambalda, WesternAustralia. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2939 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4257 Composition: Major Ni and Na only

------Notes Peak Table em· 7

3519 368 3483 340 2927 285 References: 2545 2499 1. Nickel E.H. & RobinsonB.W. (1985) 2457 Kambaldaite; a new hydratedNi Na carbonatemineral from Kambalda, WesternAustralia. 2169 AmericanMineralogist, 70(3,4), pp.419-422. 1806 1619 2. EngelhardtL.M., Hall S.R. & White A.H. (1985) 1471 Crystal structureof kambaldaite,Na2Nig{C03MOH)6·6Hp. 1395 AmericanMineralogist, 70(3,4), pp.423-427. 1086 968 872 856 739 721 508 412 o o ruo

3GNVllIWSNV~1 % KAMOTOITE-(Y)

Formula: Y204(U°2MC03)3'14H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Mineral group: Rutherfordine Chemical type: Space group: P2/a

Specimen: RMS RC3692 Source: Kamoto Est., Shaba,ZaIre. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2921 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4550 Composition:

------Notes Peak Table cm- 1 3423 2929 2857 References: 2457 1865 1. CesbronF. (1987) 1731 New minerals; kamotoite (Y)4UOiY,Nd,Gd,Sm,DY)203·3C02·14·5lIz0 1606 Mineraux et Fossiles, Ie Guide du Collectionneur, 146, p.35. 1537 I 1364 2. Deliens M. & Piret P. (1986) 1195 Kamotoite (Y), a new uranyl and rare earth carbonatefrom Kamoto, Shaba,Zaire. 1151 Bulletin de Mineralogie, 109(6), pp.643-647. 1122 911 742 660 509 366 280 o lCl N N

o o lCl

o o o oM

til til III ~ ::J Z o ~ o <{ lCl 3: oM I o LLI til til a:LLI 0.. o~ u

o _0 o N

E I o ~ _0 H o o CTl l-e % ;2

o o oM

33NV 11 I WSNVtU % KIMURAITE-(YJ

Formula: CaY2(C03)4'6H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydrated normal carbonate Mineral group: Lanthanite Chemical type: Space group: Imm2, Immm, 1222

Specimen: BM 1986,32 White pearly aggregateon matrix, Source: Kirigo, Hizen-cho, Higashi Matsuura-Gun,Saga Prefecture, , Spectrum ref. no.: IR3071 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 5168F (std) Composition:

Notes Peak Table em· 1 3431 The spectrumis very close to that given in ref. 1 for lokkaite (poorly reproduced). 2963 X-ray diffraction appearsto be the better method for distinguishingkimuraite and lokkaite. 2925 2856 2382 2296 References: 1777 1636 1. NagashimaK., Miyawaki R., TakaseJ., Nakai I., Sakurai K., MatsubaraS., Kato A. & Iwano S. 1522 (1986) 1392 Kimuraite, CaY2(C03)4'6H20,a new mineral from fissures in an alkali basalt from Saga 1085 Prefecture,Japan, and new data on lokkaite. 1061 AmericanMineralogist, 71(7,12), pp.1028-1033. I 855 I 842 744 688 545 295 o In RI

o o In

o o ....o

o o In....

o o o N

o o o m

...... o 0 m 0 ~~-T--'---r-~--~--~~---r--~-'---r--~-'r--r--'---~-~ o. . o o ....o N

3~NVllIHSNV~1 ~ KOLWEZITE ~I

Formula: (CU,CO>z(COJ(OH)2 Crystal system: Triclinic? Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Malachite Chemical type: (AB>z(XOJZq Space group: PI or pi

Specimen: BM 1985,311 Palebrown botryoidal crust. Source: Kolwezi, Shaba,Zaire. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2827 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 6562F (std) Composition: Cu:Co:Mg = 1:0·6:0·1with traceMn, Fe, Zn, S

Notes Peak Table em· 1 The spectrumis very similar to thoseof rosasite,glaukosphaerite and mcguinnessite,but is 3474 277 distinguishablefrom that of rosasitein the 3400 and 700 cm·! regions. 3249 Also comparemalachite. 2561 Matchespartial spectrumgiven in ref. 1. 2392 1774 1543 1419 References: 1371 1103 1. Deliens M. & Piret P. (1980) 1050 Kolwezite, Cu Co hydroxycarbonate,analogue of glaucosphaeriteand rosasite. 854 Bulletin de LaSociete Franraise de MineraLogieet de Cristallographie, 103(2), pp.179-184. 828 740 709 676 554 532 420 333 o . In OJ OJ

o o In

o o ...... o

en ffi al :::E :::J Z W o > o 4 In ~ ...... I Cl enW en w a: 0.. :::E CJ U

o o o OJ

o o o CT'J

o o o ......

38NVIIIWSNVtll % KUTNOHORITE

Formula: Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(COJ2 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Dolomite Chemical type: AB(XOJ2 Space group: R3

Specimen: BM 1969,283 Pale pink cleavagemass. Source: Kutna Hora, Prazskazupa, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2674 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 1500 = kutnohorite Composition: Ca:Mn:Mg:Fe = 1:0·8:0'2:0·1

Notes Peak Table em- 1

Forms a serieswith dolomite and ankerite. The original material had the compositionCa(Mn,Mg)(C0 3)2 [3530] with Mn:Mg = 5:2 i.e close to this specimen.Many 'kutnohorite' specimensare calcian rhodochrositeor 2982 manganoancalcite. 2864 I The spectrumhas two extra peaksat 841 and 679 cm-! c.f. spectrapublished by Sadtlerand Suhner. 2601 ! It is distinct from that of dolomite and is a closer match with membersof the calcite group. 2504 1804 References: 1424 1089 1. FarkasL., Bolzenius B. & Will G. (1988) 1052 Powderdiffraction data and unit cell of kutnahorite. PowderDiffraction, 3(3), pp.I72-174. 873 841 2. FarkasL., Bolzenius B.H., SchaeferW. & Will G. (1988) 721 The crystal structureof kutnahoriteCaMn(C0 3)2' 679 Neueslahrbuch fUr Mineralogie, Monatshefte,(12), pp.539-546. 522 474 3. PeacorD.R., EsseneE.J. & Gaines A.M. (1987) 346 Petrologic and crystal chemical implications of cation order disorderin kutnahorite[CaMn(C0 3)2]' 321 AmericanMineralogist, 72(3,4), pp.319-328. 38NVIII~SNV~1 % LANTHANITE-(La)

Formula: (La,Ce)iC0 3)3 '8H 20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Lanthanite Chemical type: AmBn(XOJp'xH20 where (m+n):p < 1:1 Space group: Pbnb

Specimen: BM 1975,192 Pale pink bladedcrystal aggregates. Source: Vina de Uba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2893 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8234F = lanthanite Composition: La:Nd:Ce :::::1:1:0 (La slightly> Nd)

NOTES Peak Table cm· 1

The X-Ray powder photographmatches PDF30-678 lanthanite (also La:::::Nd). 3359 The spectrummatches Suhner (5-59A) lanthanite,but has an extra peak at 1036 cm-i possibly due to 3205 impurity. 2472 2414 2274 References: 1849 1761 l. Atencio D., Bevins R.E., FleischerM., Williams C.T. & Williams P.A. (1989) 1484 Revision of the lanthanitegroup and new data for specimensfrom Bastnas,Sweden, and Bethlehem 1377 U.S.A. 1079 Mineralogical Magazine, 53(5), pp.639-42 [1036]? 874 2. Dal Negro A., Rossi G. & Tazzoli V. (1977) 849 The crystal structureof lanthanite. 748 American Mineralogist, 62(1,2), pp.142-146. 679 657 472 287 38NV11I~SNVHl % II LEADHILLITE· ------Ii

Formula: PbiSOJ(C03MOH)z Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Compoundcarbonate Mineral group: Susannite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P2/a

Specimen: RMS 1908.13.5 Pale yellow platy crystals. Source: , Lanarkshire,Scotland, U.K. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2929 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 3909 Composition:

NOTES Peak Table cm- 7

Trimorphouswith susanniteand macphersonite. 3472 394 The spectrumis very similar to, but distinguishablefrom, those of susanniteand macphersonite. 3380 373 2926 2857 References: 2413 1735 1. Russell J.D., FraserA.R. & Livingstone A. (1984) 1629 The infrared absorptionspectra of the three polymorphsof PbS04(C03 )z(OH)2 (leadhillite, susannite, 1401 and macphersonite). 1088 Mineralogical Magazine. 48(2), pp.295-7. 1055? 1042 2. Russell J.D., Milodowski A.E., FraserA.R. & Clark D.R. (1983) 964 New IR and XRD data for leadhillite of ideal composition. 859 Mineralogical Magazine, 47(3), pp.371-5. 840 ! 706 681 632 601 423 o In N N

o o In

o o ...... o

en mffi ~ :::::J Z o ~ o -< In 3: ...... I CI LU en en ~ 0.. ~o u

o o o N

o o o CT1

o o o o...... N

3!)NVllIWSNVtll % LIEBIGITE

Formula: CaiU0 2) (C03)3' I1H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonates Mineral group:

Chemical type: A."B n(X03)p'xH 20 Space group: Bbam

Specimen: BM 1978,338 Bright yellow crystal aggregates Source: Schwartzwaldermine, RalstonButtes, JeffersonCounty, Colorado, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2860 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8100F Composition: Ca:U = 1,6:1 with trace Si

NOTES Peak Table em- 1 The spectrumis identical to that shown in Suhner(5-36 A) for liebigite. 3484 2622 1624 1549 References: 1515 1379 1. UrbanecZ. & Cejka J. (1979) 1155 Infrared spectraof liebigite, andersonite,Yoglite, and schr6ckingerite. 1070 Collection of CzechoslovakChemical Communications,44(1), pp.1O-23. 893 846 823 799 742 523 316 286 242 238? 233? o In C\J C\J

o o In

o o o ...-1

en a: UJ CD ::E :::l Z o UJ o «> In...... ~ oI UJ en en UJ a: 0- ::Ea u

o o o C\J

o o o rrJ

0 LO OJ 0 C\J 0 a: 0 ...... -.;t

0 cd OJ LO -.;t C\J 0 0 0 ...-1

38NVllIv-lSNVtJl % LOKKAITE

Formula: CaY4(COJ,.9H 20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydratednonnal carbonate Mineral group: Lanthanite

Chemical type: A".Bn(XOJp·xH20 where (m+n):p < 1:1 Space group: Cmmm

Specimen: RMS 1980.49.5. Tiny white spotson matrix, with kainosite. Source: Evans-Loumine, Poltimore, Quebec,Canada. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2951 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4141 Composition:

NOTES Peak Table em·' The spectrummatches that shown in ref. 1. (poorly reproduced)which is very close to that of kimuraite. 3403 Another specimenfrom this locality gave a slightly different spectrum,also close to kimuraite, possibly 2592 due to the presenceof tengerite.X-ray diffraction appearsto be the better method for distinguishing 1865 kimuraite and 10kkaite. 1824 1784 References: 1636 1510 1. NagashimaK., Miyawaki R., TakaseJ., Nakai I., Sakurai K., MatsubaraS., Kato A. & Iwano S. 1410 (1986) 1091 Kimuraite, CaY2(C03k6H20,a new mineral from fissures in an alkali olivine basaltfrom Saga 1066 Prefecture,Japan, and new data on lokkaite. 865 AmericanMineralogist, 71(7,12), pp.1028-1033. 850 837 2. Miyawaki R, TakaseJ. & Nakai I. (1986) 765 Crystal chemistryof hydrous rare earthscarbonate minerals; the crystal structureof tengerite. 721 In: Prewitt C. T. (Ed.) Abstractsand programmeof the Fourteenthgeneral meetingof the 687 International Mineralogical Association.Papers and Proceedingsof the GeneralMeeting 583 International Mineralogical Association,p.173. 464 301 o Ln C\l C\l

o o Ln

o o o ~

UJa: UJ OJ ::E ::l Z o UJ o «> Ln 3: ~ I D UJ UJ UJ UJa: a.. ::Eo U

o o o C\l

.-.. G I o UJ o I- o ...... (T') « ::.::: ::.::: o ...J

o o o ~ o o o ~

38NVllIWSNVI:::ll % II MACPHERSONITE· ------Ii

Formula: Pb4(SOJ(C03MOH)2 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Compound carbonate Mineral group: Susannite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P212121

Specimen: RMS 721.34. Source: Leadhills Dod, Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Scotland, U.K. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2928 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 2191 and 2192 Composition: Major Pb, S with trace Cu, Cd

----_ .. _-----_._- NOTES Peak Table cm- t

Trimorphouswith leadhillite and susannite. 3482 701 The spectrumis very similar to, but distinguishablefrom, those of leadhillite and susannite. 3432 691 2926 687 2856 681 References: 2416 626 1755 616 1. Russell J.D., FraserA.R. & Livingstone A. (1984) 1734 588 The infrared absorptionspectra of the three polymorphsof PbS04 (C03 )2 (OH}z (leadhillite, 1632 388 susannite,and macphersonite). 1410 325 Mineralogical Magazine, 48(2), pp.295-297. 1362 1147 2. Livingstone A. & Sarp H. (1984) 1135? Macphersonite,a new mineral from Leadhills, Scotland, and Saint Prix, France; a polymorph of 1062 leadhillite and susannite. 967 Mineralogical Magazine, 48(2), pp.277-282. 857 841 796 717 708 IR2928 100.0

8

UJ C,.) 6 :z « t- ..... ::E en :z « a:t- 4 N

20.l~I--+---~----~---r----r----r----r----r--~r-~r-~r-~r-~r-~r--.---.---,---,---,---.---.---.--~--~--~--~~

4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

COMPRESSED-WAVENUMBERS 225.0

MACPHERSONITE II MAGNESITE II

Formula: MgC03 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite Chemical type: A(X03) Space group: R3c

Specimen: BM 1948,547 Large greylwhite translucentrhomb. Source: Brumado,Bahia, Brazil. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2648 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7383F (std) Chemistry: Mg only

Notes Peak Table cm- 7

Forms a serieswith gaspeiteand siderite. [3425] Comparethe spectrumwith those of other membersof the calcite group. 3051 2922 References: 2619 2537 1. Bottcher M.E., Gehlken P.L. & Usdowski E. (1992) 1831 Infrared spectroscopicinvestigations of the calcite-rhodochrositeand parts of the calcite-magnesite 1446 mineral series. 1093 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 109, pp.304-306. 886 856 2. Dubrawski J.V., ChannonA.L. & Warne S.St.J. (1989) 748 Examinationof the siderite-magnesitemineral seriesby Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy. 384 AmericanMineralogist, 74(1,2), pp.187-190. 306 258 3. Peng Wenshi., Liu Gaokui & Ke Liqin. (1985) Infrared spectrastudy of magnesitesiderite series. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 5(3), pp.229-233. (In Chinesewith English summary). C) un ru ru

38NVllIWSNV~1 % II MALACHITE:J

Formula: CU2(C0 3)(OH)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Malachite (rosasite)

Chemical type: (ABMX03)Zq Space group: P2/a

Specimen: BM 28043 Silky greenneedles on limonite. Source: Olonetz, , Russia Spectrum ref. no.: IR2734 Sample medium: KBr disk. XRD: 4176F (std) Composition: Cu only

NOTES Peak Table em- 1

The spectrumis similar to those of other membersof the rosaite group i.e. glaukosphaerite,kolwezite, 3404 525 mcguinnessite& rosasite. 3313 507 Peak assignmentsare given in ref.2. 2925 429 2539 355 References: 2423 327 2075 301 1. Timokhina L.V., Balitskii V.S., ShaposhnikovA.A., Bublikova T.M., Kovalenko V.S., Akhmetova 1841 G.L., Dubovskii A.B., AndreevaT.G. & ShironinaT.V. (1983) 1804 Physicochemicalinvestigations of synthetic malachite. 1494 Soviet Physics, Doklady, 28, pp.429-30. 1421 1390 2. Goldsmith J.A. & Ross S. (1968) 1097 The infra red spectraof azurite and malachite. 1047 SpectrochimicaActa, 24(A), pp.2131-7 875 822 778 749 713 571 C) C) ruC)

38NVIII~SNV~1 % II MANASSEITE II

Formula: Mg6Alz(C03)(OH)16'4HzO Crystal system: Hexagonal Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Sjogrenite Chemical type: AmBn(X03)pZq.xHzO with (m+n):p = 8 : 1 Space group: P6immc

Specimen: BM 89358 Bluelgrey, translucent,soft, micaceousmassive with hydrotaldte. Source: Snarum,Norway. (type locality) Spectrum ref. no.: IR2852 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8068Fsee notes. Composition: Mg:AI = 3,7:2

Notes Peak Table em· 1 Dimorphouswith hydrotaldte. 3473 The spectrumdiffers from that of hydrotalcite. Seenotes with manasseitespectrum IR2793. 3067 X-ray = manasseitewith some slight difference in 1·50-1·55A region. 2438 2336 1752 References: 1640 1366 1. KashayevA.A., Feoktistov G.D. & PetrovaS.V. (1983) 1080 Chlormagaluminite(Mg,Fe)4AIlOH)dCI,I/zC03k2H20 a new mineral of the manasseitesjogrenite 928 group. 863 International Geology Review,25(7), pp.848-53. 768 675 2. Taylor H.F.W. (1973) 555 Crystal structuresof some double minerals. 445 Mineralogical Magazine. 39, No.304, pp.377-89. 393 o 10 C\I C\I

o o 10

o o o ~

en ffim :::E ::J Z o UJ o «> 10 3: ~ I faen en c:UJ 0.. :::E o (.J

o o o C\I

o o o (T)

o o o o ~

38N'VIIIWSN'V~:U % II MANASSEITE II

Formula: Mg6Al z(C03)(OH)16'4HzO Crystal system: Hexagonal Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Sjogrenite

Chemical type: 1\nBn (X03)pZq'xHzO with (m+n):p = 8:1 Space group: P63/mmc

Specimen: BM 1982,446 Orangebipyramidal crystalsin calcite, with , Source: JacupirangaApatite Quarry, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Spectrum ref. no.: IR2793 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 2886F = manasseite Composition: Mg:Al ~ 3'3:2? with trace Fe

Notes Peak Table cm- 1 Dimorphouswith hydrotalcite, Distinguishablefrom other membersof the sjogrenitegroup. 3439 See also manasseitefrom Snarum, Norway, IR2852 - the two manasseitespectra are almost identical 2926 despitetheir very different physical forms and association.The Jacupirangamanasseite is found in an 2859 alkaline igneousenvironment and may be relatedto chlormagaluminite. 2412 1536 References: 1400 1355 1. KashayevA.A., Feoktistov G.D. & PetrovaS.V. (1983) 1081 Chlormagaluminite(Mg,Fe)4Alz{OH)12 (CI,I/zC03)2'2&O a new mineral of the manasseitesjogrenite 945 group. 786 International Geology Review,25(7), pp.848-53. 675 552 2. Taylor H.F.W. (1973) 451 Crystal structuresof some double hydroxide minerals. 394 Mineralogical Magazine, 39(304), pp.377-89. 245? o l.Cl C\I C\I

o o l.Cl

o o ...... o

en a: LU CD :::E ::J Z o LU o «> l.Cl 3: ...... I Cl LUen en w a: 0.. :::Eo U

o o o C\I

~ o 1--1 o LU o en (TJ en z« « :::E

o LO o o o ......

38NVIIIWSNVtll % MANGANOTYCHITE

Formula: Na..(Mn,Fe,Mg>Z

Specimen: RMS. Unregistered. Paleyellow crystal fragments. Source: Mount Alluiv, Lovozero massif, Kola Peninsula,Russia. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR3062 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 9062F (std) Composition: Major Na & S, minor Mn,Fe,Mg

Notes Peak Table cm-7 A new mineral, suppliedby Dr A.P. Khomyakov. [3418] 301 The manganesecontent of this specimenis low, but the x-ray diffraction patternagrees with that of the 2923 type specimenand differs from that of tychite. 2855 The spectrumshows slight peak shifts when comparedto that of tychite and lacks the three well-resolved 2611 peaksbelow 500 em-i. 2503 1795 1442 References: 1420 1385 1. Khomyakov A.P. et al., in press. 1176 1111 874 829 799 710 631 515 467 351 o In OJ OJ

o o In

o o o ...-I

Ul ffi tIl ::E :::J o m o >« In 3: ...-f I o LU Ul Ul LUg: ::Ea c.J

o o o C\I

...... ~ :r: c.J >- o I- o a o z CTJ « CDz « ::E

o o o "'I" o o ~

3~NVllIWSNVt:ll % II MCGUINNESSITE

Formula: (Mg, CuMC03) (OH)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Malachite (rosasite) Chemical type: (AB>S

Specimen: BM 1977, 463 Pale blue coating. Source: Miner's Ridge, Red Mountain, MendocinoCounty, California, U.S.A. (type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2829 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8080F = mcguinnessiteor near Composition: Mg:Cu ~ 1'1:0'9 with trace Si,Fe,Ca,Al

Notes Peak Table em· 1 The spectrumis similar to those of glaukosphaerite,kolwezite, rosasiteand malachite 3546 533 3409 499 3316 424 References: 2921 383 2570 330 1. Erd R.C., CesbronF.P., Goff F.E. & Clark J.R. (1981) 2421 269 Mcguinnessite,a new carbonatefrom California. 2059 Mineralogical Record, 12(3), pp.143-147. 1792 1548 1432 2. Post! W. & Golob P. (1981) 1392 Mcguinnessit,(Mg,CuhCOlOHh aus dem Serpentingebietvon Kraubath, Steiermark. 1101 (Mcguinnessitefrom the Kraubath serpentinemassif, Styria). 1050 Mitteilungsblatt Abteilungfur Mineralogie am LandesmuseumJoanneum, 49, pp.15-21. 855 834 742 707 656 561 w w~ m ~ z~ w C) > C) ~ ~ ~ ~ I 0 W W W W ~ ~ ~ CJ U

C) C) C) ru

3~NVI1IWSNVHl % MCKEL VEYITE-(YJ

Formula: NaBa3(Ca,U)Y(C0 3k3H10 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Hydratednonnal carbonates Mineral group: Mckelveyite Chemical type: A,.,Bn(XOJp·xH10 where (m+n):p = 1:1 Space group: pj

Specimen: RMS 1979.25.15. Greenishyellow crystals. Source: Mont St Hilaire, Quebec,Canada. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2949 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition:

Notes Peak Table em- 7 The spectrumis similar to thoseof weloganiteand donnayite-(Y). 3413 3270 References: 2927 2850 1. Voloshin A.V., SubbotinV.V., Yavoventchuk:V.N., PakhomovskyY.A., Menshikov Y.P. 1797 & Zaitsev A.N. (1990) 1676 Mckelveyite from carbonatitesand hydrothermalitesof alkaline rocks, Kola Peninsula. 1515 Zapiski VsesoyuznogoMineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 119, pp.76-86. 1390 1364 2. Donnay G. & Donnay J.D.H. (1971) 1139 Ewaldite, a new barium . 1062 1. Occurrenceof ewaldite in syntactic intergrowth with mackelveyite. 1017 2. Its crystal structure. 856 TschermaksMineralogische und PetrographischeMitteilungen, 15, pp.185-212. 723 694 2. Milton C., Ingram B., Clark J.R. & Dwomik E.J. (1965) 648 Mckelveyite, a new hydrous sodium barium rare earth uraniumcarbonate mineral from the Green 603 River formation, Wyoming. AmericanMineralogist, 50, pp.593-612. 425 o lCl C\J C\J

o o lCl

o o o ...-t

(J) ffi !Il ::IE: ::J Z LU o > o

o o o C\J

~ I LU l- I-! 0 >- 0 LU 0 > (TJ -1 LU ~ U ::IE:

o o o ~ o o o o LO ...-t

3JNVllIVlSNVtll % II MINEEVITE-(YJ Ii

Formula: Na2SBaY2(C03)11(HC03MS°.J2F2CI Crystal system: Hexagonal. Chemical class: Compoundcarbonate Mineral group: Chemical type: Space group: P63/m

Specimen: RMS, unregistered.Small pale yellow crystalline fragments. Source: Mount Alluaiv, Lovozero massif, Kola Peninsula,Russia. Spectrum ref. no.: IR3068 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 9063F (std) Composition: Major Na,Ba,Y,Swith minor CI,Sr,Si, (F not sought).

-_.- Notes Peak Table em" A new mineral. Material suppliedby Dr A.P. Khomyakov. [3408] 1122 2923 1071 References: 2855 1055 1. Khomyakov A.P., PolezhaevaL.I., Yamnova N.A. & PusharovskyD.Yu., in press. 2604 914 2555 892 2433 877 2147 865 2114 815 1781 766 1744 724 1631 704 1592 693 1535 688 1506 645 I 1433 632? 1392? 465 1375 369 1361 304 1147 257? o o o N

o o om

m w o 0 m 0 ~~o~~--~-r~--~'--.--r-'-~--r-'--r-'r-.--r-'--'-d-+-- ~

o o ~

3~NVIIIWSNV~1 % MONOHYDROCALCITE

Formula: CaC03·H20 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Nesquehonite

Chemical type: A(XOJ·xH 20 Space group: P3112

Specimen: BM 1979,47 Bright blue crystallinecrust. Source St. Pierremine, Saint-Marie-aux-Mines,Aisace, France. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2753 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 20385 Composition: Ca only (see notes).

Notes Peak Table cm- 7 The blue colour of the specimenis due to a very thin surfacecoating of cuproadamite. 3319 234? 3232 2553 References: 2472 2270 1. Ridkosil T., SejkoraJ. & Ondrus P. (1991) 2135 Monohydrocalcitefrom polymetallic vein of the Vrancice deposit, near Pfibram, Czechoslovakia. 1789 Neueslahrbuch fUr Mineralogie, Monatshefte,pp.289-95. 1767 1703 2. CatherineH., Skinner W., OsbaldistonG.W. & Wilner A.N. (1977) 1484 Monohydrocalcitein a guineapig bladderstone, a novel occurrence. 1409 AmericanMineralogist, 62(3,4), pp.273-77. 1069 873 765 726 700 i 674 I 590 284 I o 1!'l C\J C\J

o o 1!'l

o o o ~

en a: UJ OJ ~ :::J Z UJ 0 > 0 < 1!'l ~ ~ I 0 UJen en a:UJ 0- ~ 0 CJ

0 0 0 C\J

UJ l- t-! CJ ..J < CJ 0 0 a: 0 0 0 >- [T'J :J: z0 0 ~

[T'J 1!'l 0 C\J 0 "a: 0 t-! ~ b cd C\J 0 0 0 ~

38N'i'11 I ~SN'i'l:U % MONTROYALITE

Formula: Sr4A1s(COJ3[(OH),F]26'10-11HzO Crystal system: Triclinic ? Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Alumohydrocalcite? Chemical type: Space group: ?

Specimen: RMS unregistered. Cream/whitemicro-hemispheres. Source: Franconquarry, Montreal, Quebec,Canada. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR3003 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8791F Composition: Major Sr and Al plus trace S,Na,Ca,Fe

--~ ------~------~ Notes Peak Table cm- 7

Note the degreeof scaleexpansion required due to the small sampleavailable, consequentlyonly the 3518 major peaksare listed in the peak table. 3480 The spectrummatches that shown in the original description, ref.1 but with improved resolution. It 3360 resemblesthat of alumohydrocalcitebut is unlike that of the chemically similar strontiodresserite. 3214 1662 References: 1547 1456 1. Roberts A.C., SabinaA.P., Bonardi M., JamborJ.L., Ramik R.A., SturmanB.D. & Carr M.J. 1390 (1986) 1051 Montroyalite, a new hydratedSr-AI Hydroxycarbonatefrom the Franconquarry, Montreal, Quebec. 990 Canadian Mineralogist, 24, pp.455-459. 896 833 750 610 556 486 372 304 C) ~ru ru

C) C) ~

C) C) C) ~

C) C) C) ru

C) C) C) C) C) C) m ~

3~NVIIIWSNV~1 % ~ ~~ ~

Formula: NaHC03 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Acid carbonate Mineral group: Nahcolite

Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P21/b

Specimen: BM 1934,47 Glassy colourlessprismatic crystals. Source: SearlsLake, San BernardinoCounty, California, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2875 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8148F = nahcolite (+ weak line at 3·8 A) Composition:

Notes Peak Table cm- 1 The spectrummatches that given in ref. 2. 3438 814 3075 697 2919 658 References: 2544 2268 1. Maglione G. & Carn M. (1975) 2043 Spectresinfrarouges des mineraux salins et des silicates neoformesdans Ie Bassin tchadien. 1922 (Infrared spectraof saline and silicate minerals from the Chad Basin). 1842 Fr., Off. Rech. Sci. Tech. Outre Mer, Cah., Ser. Geol. 7, pp.3-9 1731 1696 2. White W_B. (1974) 1662 The carbonateminerals. In: Farmer(Ed.) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 1618 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 1453 1499 3. NakamotoK., SarmaY.A. & Ogoshi H. (1965) 1308 Normal coordinateanalyses of hydrogen-bondedcompounds. IV. The acid carbonateion. 1047 Journal of Chemical Physics, 43, pp.1177-1181. 1033 999 837 . U) ru ru

3~NVllI~SNV~1 % NEsaUEHONITE

Formula: Mg(HCOJ(OH)'2~O Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Acid carbonate Mineral group: Nesquehonite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P2/n

Specimen: BM 1921,53 White radiating crystallinecrust with anthracite. Source: Nesquehoning,Lansford, CarbonCounty, Pennsylvania,U.S.A. (Type locality) Spectrum ref. no.: IR2767 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7829F = nesquehonite(+ giorgiosite). Composition: Mg with trace Si,Na,Ca,CI

Notes Peak Table em" The specimenmay be a mixture due to conversionto/from giorgiosite Mg5(C03MOH)2·5H20 3606 748 but the spectrumis close to that of nesquehoniteshown in Farmer. 3563 706 3443 662 3358 627 References: 3297 500 2620 443 1. Suzuki J. & Ito M. (1974) 2511 390 Nesquehonitefrom Yoshikawa, Aichi Prefecture,Japan: occurrence and thermal behaviour. 2194 272 Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Econonomic Geologists, 1678 69(8), pp.275-284.(In English) 1636 1591 2. White W.B. (1971) 1531 Infrared characterizationof water and hydroxyl ion in the basic magnesiumcarbonate minerals. 1472 American Mineralalogist, 56(1,2), pp. 46-53. 1442 1100 1029 932 854 794 o I!) C\J C\J

o o I!)

o o o ~

en coffi ~ :::::J Z o LU o «> I!) 3: ~ I Cl enLU en LU 0:n. ~ o (J

o o o C\J

~ H Z o o o ::t: o LU (T'J :::::J C!I (f) ~

o o o o ~

3~NV 11 I WSNVI:U % NORSETHITE

Formula: BaMg(C03)2 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Dolomite Chemical type: AB(X0 3)3 Space group: R32

Specimen: RMS 1976.33.14 Source: Rosh Pinah, Namibia. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2911 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 3902 Composition: Ba:Mg = 0,7:1 + minor Mn & trace Ca,Na,Fe,Sr

-_._------Notes Peak Table em- 1 [3431] The spectrumis similar to, but distinguishablefrom, that of dolomite 2963 2924 2873 References: 2649 2524 1. ScheetzB.E & White W.B. (1977) 2362 Vibrational spectraof the alkaline earth double carbonates. 2335 AmericanMineralalogist. 62(1,2), pp.36-50. 1802 1448 2. White W.B. (1974) 1126 The carbonateminerals. 1116 I In: Farmer (Ed) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 880 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 853? 713 702 636 609 349 o

~ ru ru

~ ~ m 0 ru 0 ~ 0 ~~~-.--.--r--.-.--.--.--r--.-.--.--.--r--.-.--.--.--r--~- ~

3~NVllI~SNVHl % NORTHUPITE

Formula: Na3Mg(C03)2CI Crystal system: Cubic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bastnasite Chemical type: (ABMX0 3)Zq Space group: FdJ

Specimen: BM 1905,246 Isolatedgreylwhite octahedra. Source: Lake, San BernardinoCounty, California, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2789 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7884F = northupite Composition: Na:Mg:CI ~ 3:1·2:1 with trace Si.

Notes Peak Table em- 1

See Farmerfor discussionof the spectrum. [3433] 336 The three strong peaksbelow 500 cm-! are beyond the range shown by Adler and Kerr (1963b). 2923 273 2857 References: 2659

! 2558 i l. Maglione G. & Carn M. (1975) 2360 I Spectresinfrarouges des mineraux salins et des silicates neoformesdans Ie Bassin tchadien 1819 (Infrared spectraof saline and silicate minerals from the Chad Basin). 1629 Fr., Off. Rech. Sci. Tech. Outre Mer, Cah., Ser. Geol. 7, pp.3-9. 1463 1449 2. Pratt J. H. (1896) 1168 On northupite; pirssonite, a new mineral; gaylussiteand hanksitefrom Borax Lake, San Bernardino 1090 Co., California. 1019 AmericanJournal of Science4(2) pp.123-35. 880 Zeitschriftfiir Kristallographie,27, pp.416-29and (1901) Yale Bicen. Pub.Contr. Miner., pp.261-74. 856 798 713 672 397 C) mru ru

38NVIII~SNV~1 % NYEREREITE

Formula: NazCa(COJ2 Crystal system: Orthorhombic,pseudo-hexagonal Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Eitelite Chemical type: A2B(XOJ2 Space group: Cmc21

Specimen: M 42171 Colourlesstabular fragmentspicked from powdery debris Source: Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania. (Type locality) Spectrum ref. no.: IR2885 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8200F (std) Composition: Na:Ca:K = 1·6:1·0:0·4 with minor Sr, Mg, S and trace P, Ba

Notes Peak Table cm- 1 Specimenfrom Royal Ontario Museum, Canada [3441] 258 Nyerereitemay be identical to natrofairchildite 2983 Comparethe spectrumwith thoseof the calcite and dolomite group minerals. 2899 2599 2528 References: 2337 1795 1. McKie D. & Frankis E.J. (1977) 1468 Nyerereite; a new volcanic carbonatemineral from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. 1186 ZeitschriftfUr Kristallographie, 145, pp.73-95. 1144 1108 2. Frankis E.J & McKie D. (1973) 1079 Subsolidus Relationsin the SystemNa 2C03CaC03·H2O 1010 Nature, 246, pp.124-126. 873 710 689 648 622 573 3~NVIII~SNV~1 % II OTAVITE Ii

Formula: CdC03 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite Chemical type: A(X0 3) Space group: IUc

Specimen: BM 1914,1070 White crust pseudomorphingcuprite, with malachiteon cerussite. Source: Otavi, Tsumeb,Namibia. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2653 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7401F (std) Composition: Cd with trace Pb

Notes Peak Table em· 1 The spectrumis a close match with that of synthetic cadmiumcarbonate. [3406] Comparewith those of other membersof the calcite group. 2923 2854 2797 References: 2468 1800 1. White W.B. (1974) 1407 The carbonateminerals. 860 In: Farmer(Ed) The Infrared Spectra of Minerals. 834 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 723 465 293

i 3~NVllI~SNV~1 % ~ PARALSTONITE II

Formula: BaCa(C03)2 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Aragonite Chemical type: AB(XOJ3 Space group: P321

Specimen: BM 1972,254 Tiny colourlesshexagonal bipyramidal crystalson witherite. Source: Minerva mine, Cave-in-Rock,Hardin County, Illinois, U.S.A. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2872 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8146F (std) Composition: Ba & Ca only

-_._--- - Notes Peak Table em" Trimorphouswith alstoniteand barytocalcite. [3341] 855 The spectrumis distinguishablefrom that of alstoniteonly in the 700 cm-1 region. 2923 838 See expandeddetail. 2855 708 2570 700 References: 2492 693 2464 691 1. EffenbergerH. (1980) 1765 682 Die Kristallstruktur des Minerals Paralstonit,BaCa(C0 3)z 1755 518 (The crystal structureof paralstonite). 1507 466 Neues JahrbuchjUr Mineralalogie, Monatshefte, pp.353-63. 1486 297 1448 242? 2. RobertsA.C. (1979) 1409 Paralstonite;a new mineral from the Minerva No.1 mine, Cave in Rock, Illinois. 1183 Papers, Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, Part C , 79(1,C), pp.99-100. 1085 1064 903 898 893 862 o Ln C\I C\I

o o Ln

o o ...... o

en ffi III ::E :::J Z o LLl o «> Ln 3: ...... I Eilen en UJ a: Q. ::E o CJ

o o o C\I

...... ~ z o o o I- o en (T'] «--1 0:« Q.

C\I CD 0 '"C\I 0 a: 0 ...... ~

0 6 6 CD to ~ C\I 0 0 ...... 0

3JNVIIIWSNVt:ll % Ul C) ~ C) w m m ~ ~

Z ~ W ~ >

~ ~ ~c m CL x ~ ~

C) C) w m r z~ CJ r Ul ~

38NVllIWSNV~1 % PARISITE-fee)

Formula: Ca(Ce,La>z(COJ3F2 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bastnasite Chemical type: (AB)(XOJZq Space group: R3

Specimen: BM 1924,854 Brown striatedbarrel-shaped hexagonal crystals. Source: Narsarssuak,Julianehaab, Greenland. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2892 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 11596 = parisite Composition: Ca:Ce:La:Nd= 1·0:0·8:0·4:0·4 with trace Fe,Pr,Y, Th

Notes Peak Table cm-' The spectrummatches that in Suhner(5-37A) with the exceptionof thosepeaks due to absorbedwater. [3483] 3157 2834 References: 2493 2348 1. AkhmanovaM.N. & Orlova L.P. (1966) 1818 Investigationof rare-earthcarbonates by infra-red spectroscopy. 1749 Geokhimiya,No.5, pp.571-578. 1457 Translatedin: GeochemistryInternational., 3(3), pp. 444-451. [1412] 1076 1009 2. Adler H.H. & Kerr P.F. (1963) 977 Infrared spectra,symmetry and structurerelations of some carbonateminerals. 871 AmericanMineralogist, 48, pp.839-853. 739 684 361 318 267 250 o L!l C\J C\J

o o L!l

en a: LLl CD ::E :::J Z LLl o > o ~ L!l 3: ...-1 I Cl UJen en UJ a: 0. ::Eo U

o o o C\J

---. QJ ~ I o UJ o f- o ...... (TJ ...... en a: ~ 0.

o o o ..;t o o o o ...-1

3:JNVllI~SNVtll % II PHOSGENITE . II

Formula: Pb2(C03)CI2 Crystal system: Tetragonal Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Phosgenite Chemical type: (ABMX0 3)Zq Space group: P4/mbm

Specimen: BM 85166 Yellow crystals on galenawith and . Source: Dundas,Montagu County, Tasmania,Australia. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2710 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8202F = phosgenite Composition:

Notes Peak Table cm· 1 The spectrummatches that in Suhner(5-25 A), phosgenite. [3422] The spectrumof phosgeniteshown in Sadtler (90) has an extra peak at 670 cm·1. 1817 Comparethe spectrumwith that of barstowite. 1710 1509 1343 References: 1128 1062 1. Stanley c.J., JonesG.C., Hart A.D., Keller P. & Lloyd D. (1991) 836 Barstowite, 3PbCl2·PbC0.J· HzO,a new mineral from Bounds Cliff, SLEndellion, Cornwall. 811 Mineralogical Magazine, 55, pp.119-123. 758 (comparisonof phosgenite,cerussite and barstowitespectra) 648 639 464 311 o LO C\J C\J

o o LO

o o o ...-i

en 0: UJ CD :::E ::J Z o UJ o «> LO 3: ...-i oI UJ en en UJ 0: Q. :::E o (J

o o o C\J

~ o 1-1 o Z o UJ CT) (.!J tf.I o :::r: 0...

0 ...-i 0 C\J 0 0:" 0 ...... :t 10 b b CD LD 0 0 0 C\J ...-i

38NVIIIWSNVtll % PIRSSONITE

Formula: N~Ca(COJ2·2H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Gaylussite Chemical type: A,..Bn(X03)p·H20 where (m+n):p > 1:1 Space group: Fdd2

Specimen: BM 1972,206 Colourlesstabular crystals. Source: SearlesLake bore-hole,San BernardinoCounty, California, U.S.A. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2784 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7856F = pirssonite (with an additional line at 3.3 A) Composition: Na:Ca = 2:1

Notes Peak Table em- 1 The spectrummatches that of Adler and Kerr (1963) and is discussedin Farmer (1974). 3326 The spectrumis easily distinguishedfrom that of the higher hydrategaylussite. 3219 3073 2524 References: 2461 2349 1. Huang C.K & Kerr P.F. (1960) 1789 Infrared study of the carbonateminerals. 1734 American Mineralogist, 45, pp. 311-24. 1488 1417 2. Pratt J.H. (1896) 1069 On northupite; pirssonite,a new mineral; gaylussiteand hanksitefrom Borax Lake, San Bernardino 900 Co., California. 870 American Journal of Science, (4),2, pp.123 - 35 833 Zietschrijt jUr Kristallographie, 27, pp.416-29 710 Yale bicent. Pub., Contr. Mineral., 1901, pp.261-4. 659 465 284 C) C) C)ru

38NVllI~SNV~1 % II POKROVSKITE II

Formula: Mg2(C03)(0H)2 . 0'5 H 20 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: (Hydrated) ? carbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Rosasite Chemical type: AmBn(X03)pZq'xH 20 with (m+n) : p = 2:1 Space group: P21/a

Specimen: BM 1988,74 Pale brown micro-spheroidalaggregates. Source: KCA quarry, San Benito County, California, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2855 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 6610F = pokrovskiteor near Composition: Mg only

Notes Peak Table em·1 Isostructuralwith malachite. The spectrumis similar to those of the rosasitegroup, and to malachite. 3686 Comparealso with that of artinite. The presenceof H 20 is not confirmed by the spectrumwhich matches 3575 that given in the original description, ref.3. 3447 2928 References: 2291 1780 1. White 1.S. (1987) 1553 Pokrovskite, a common mineral. 1426 The Mineralogical Record, 18, pp.135-6. 1082 1022 2. Fitzpatrick, 1.1. (1986) 953 Pokrovskite; its possiblerelationship to mcguinnessiteand the problem of excesswater. 848 In: C. T. Prewitt (Ed), Abstractsand programmeof the Fourteenthgeneral meetingof the 754 International Mineralogical Association,p.lOl. 712 660 3. Ivanov O.K., Malinovskii Yu.A. & Mozherin Yu.V. (1984) 530 Pokrovskite, Mgz{C03)(OH)2' 0·5~0, a new mineral from the Zlatogorskayalayered intrusive, 413 Kazakhstan.Zapiski VsesoyunznyiMineralogicheskoe Obshchestva, 113, pp.90-95. 336 o LCl C\J C\J

o o LCl

o o o ~

a:UJ w m ::E :::J Z o W o «> LCl 3::: ~ I o W UJ wUJ a: a.. ::E o U

o o o C\J

...... ~ o ~ o UJ o > CT'J o ~ o a..

o o o ~

38NVIII~SNV~1 % II PYROAURITE II

Formula: M~~(CO~(0H)16·4H 20 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Sjogrenite Chemical type: A",Bn(X03)pZq·nlIzO with (m+n):p = 8:1 Space group: R3m orR3m

Specimen: BM 83815 Buff colouredhexagonal platy crystals. Source: Langban,Filipstad, Varmland, Sweden. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2819 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 6158F = pyroaurite Composition: Mg:Fe Rl 3·1:1? with minor Si, AI, Ca and traceMn

Notes Peak Table cm- 1

: Dimorphouswith sjogrenite. 3467 , The spectrumis identical to that of sjogrenite(lR2818). 2424 1632 1588 References: 1384 1364 1. HansenH.C.B. (1989) 1166 Composition, stabilization, and light absorptionof Fe(II)Fe(III) hydroxy carbonate(green rust). 1086 Clay Minerals, 24, pp.663-669. 685 588 2. Hashi K., Kikkawa S. & Koizumi M. (1983) 427 Preparationand propertiesof pyroauritelike hydroxy minerals. 377 Clays and Clay Minerals, 31, pp.152-154. 291 o LClru ru

o o LCl

o o -o en a: LU co ::E :::J Z LU o > o ~ LCl 3: I o - LU en en LU a: 0.. ::Eo U

o o o ru

o o o (1")

o o o ~ o o o -o

38NVllI~SNVtll % II RHODOCHROSITE II

Formula: MnC03 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite Chemical type: A(X03) Space group: R3c

Specimen: BM 1984,881 Aggregatesof small pink rhombohedralcrystals. Source: Geevormine, Pendeen,St. Just in Penwith, Cornwall, U.K. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2651 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition: Mn:Ca:Mg ~ 1'0:0'1:0'03

Notes Peak Table em-' [3429] Forms a serieswith calcite and siderite. 2924 The spectrummatches those of specimensfrom other localities. 2850 Comparethe spectrumwith those of other membersof the calcite group. 2580 2486 2128 References: 1801 1420 1. Bottcher M.E., Gehlken P.-L. & Usdowski E. (1992) 1085 Infrared spectroscopicinvestigations of the calcite-rhodochrositeand parts of the calcite-magnesite 866 series. 837 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 109, pp.304-306. 726 516 2. ChesterR. & Elderfield H. (1967) 309 The applicationof infra-red absorptionspectroscopy to carbonatemineralogy. Sedimentology,9, pp.5307-9.

I . ~ru ru

C) C) C)ru

3~NVllIWSNV~1 % ROSA SITE 11

Formula: (Cu,ZnMC03)(OH)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Malachite

Chemical type: (ABMXOJZq Space group: P2l/a

Specimen: BM 1972,33 Dark greenspherulitic aggregatesof lath-like crystalson calcite. Source: Tsumeb,Namibia. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2738 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 16163 = rosasite Composition: Cu:Zn ~ 1·6:1 with traceMg & Si

Notes Peak Table em- 7

The spectrumis very similar to thoseof other membersof the rosasitegroup i.e. glaukosphaerite, 3494 555 kolwezite and mcguinessite,except in the 700 cm-! region. 3427 459 The spectrumis easily distinguishedfrom that of the chemically related aurichalcite. 3245 409 2928 330 References: 2545 277 2403 1. SchmetzerK. & Tremmel G. (1981) 2068 Mcguinnessit(Mg,Cu)2 C03 (OH)2 aus BOll A:z:li!r, Marokko; ein neuer Fundpunkt 1780 (Mcguinnessitefrom Bou Azzer, Morocco; a new discovery). 1515

NeuesJahrbuchjUr Mineralalogie, Monatshejte,pp.443-51. 1419 I 1384 2. Nickel E.H. & Berry L.G. (1981) 1165 The new mineral nullaginite and additional data on the relatedminerals rosasiteand glaukosphaerite. 1100 CanadianMineralogist, 19(2), pp.315-324. 1049 854 3. Braithwaite R.S. & Ryback G. (1963) 828 Rosasite,aurichalcite, and associatedminerals from Heights of Abraham, Matlock Bath, Derbyshire, 739 with a note on infra-red spectra.Mineralogical Magazine,33, pp.441-449. 706 671 a 1.0 (\/ C\J

a a In

a a a ....-1

UJ ffi aJ ::E :::J Z UJ o > a <{ In 3: ....-1 aI UJ UJ UJ a:UJ n. ::E o U

a a a (\/

a UJ a l- a I-< (T) «UJ otn 0:

00 (T) a F"- a a:C\J a I-< -.;t a b (\/ 0 0 0 ....-1

3~NVIII~SNVI:I1 % ~ OO~~~ ~

Formula: CuzOiUOzMC0 3M0H)2 ·4HzO Crystal system: Triclinic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: pi

Specimen: C3663 Pale greenfibrous. Source: Kamoto-Olivera-Virgule mine, Shaba,Zaire. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2915 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4568 Composition: Cu:U = 2:3·6

------_ .. _----- Notes Peak Table cm- 1 3522 791 Specimenfrom Institut Royal des SciencesNaturelle de Belgique, Brussels. 3397 755 3306 733 3196 708 References: 2646 524 2615 469 1. Ginderow D. & CesbronF. (1985) 2516 421 Structurede la roubaultite, CUiU02MC03)PZ<0H)2'4H20 2339 318 (Structureof roubaultite). 2025 279 Acta Crystallographica, 41(C), pp.654-657. 1859 246? 1836 2. CesbronF., Pierrot R. & Verbeek T. (1970) 1733 La roubaultite CU2(U02MOH)1O'5H20 une nouvelle especeminerale. 1638 (Roubaultitea new mineral species). 1504 Bulletin de La Societefrancaise de MineraLogie et de Cristallographie, 93, pp.550-554. 1399 1148 1015 894

, 824 38NVI1IWSNV~1 % ~ ~~~ ~

Formula: Na4TiZr 20 4(C03)4 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl and halogen Mineral group: Sabinaite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: C2/c

Specimen: RMS 1982.25.6. Source: FranconQuarry, Mont St. Michel, Montreal, Quebec,Canada. (Type locality) Spectrum ref. no.: IR2914 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4116 Composition:

Notes Peak Table em· 1 [3390] 747 3120 691 References: 2926 646 2858 474 1. Chao G.Y. & Gu J. (1985) 2636 391 Sabinaite; a new occurrenceand new data. 2369 334 Canadian Mineralogist, 23, pp.17-19. 2339 289

1826 i 2. JamborJ.L., SturmanB.D. & Weatherly G.C. (1980) 1773 Sabinaite,a new anhydrouszirconium bearing carbonatemineral from Montreal Island, Quebec. 1681 Canadian Mineralogist, 18, pp.25-29. 1653 1567 1324 1086 1066 856 830 811? 771 C) C) C) m

3~NV11IWSNV~1 % SCARBROITE

Formula: AIs(OH)13(COJ'5~O Crystal system: Triclinic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or hydrogen Mineral group: Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: PI

Specimen: BM 1984,898 Creamywhite compactwith . Source: Scarborough,Yorkshire, U.K. (type locality) Spectrum ref. no.: IR2798 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4208F = scarbroite+ halite Composition: Al with minor CI, Na, Si, S and trace Ca, Mg -_.------_._-_._--- Notes Peak Table em-' The specimencontains impurities due to exposureto seawater. The major one, halite, does not contribute 3614 to the spectrumwhich is close to that given in ref. 2, but some relative peak intensitiesare different. 3413 2123 1633 References: 1462 1424 1. Brindley G.W. (1980) 1100 Scarbroite,AIs(OH)13C03'5H20, compared with and hydrotalcite. 1019 Mineralalogical Magazine, 43, pp.615-618. 980 744 2. Duffin W.J. & GoodyearJ. (1960) 623 A thermal and x-ray investigationof scarbroite. 552 Mineralogical Magazine,32, pp.353-362. 509 392 3. Duffin W.J. & GoodyearJ. (1957) 356 Nature, 180, p.977. 319 o l!l C\J C\J

o o l!l

o o o ~

en ffi ID ::E ::::J Z o W o «> l!l 3: ~ I CJ enW en w a: 0.. ::E o U

o o o C\J

o o o (T'J

CD C'l 0 C\J 0 a:" 0 t-i -.;t

0 b b b d LO -.;t C\J 0 0 0 ~

38NVllIWSNVtll % II SCHROCKINGERITE II

Formula: NaCa3(U02)(C03MSOJF'10H 20 Crystal system: Triclinic Chemical class: Compoundcarbonate Mineral group: Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: PI

Specimen: RMS 1978.17.98. Source: White Canyonmine, Frey Point, San Juan Co., Utah, California, USA. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2918 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 3896 Composition:

Notes Peak Table em·t

3598 1082 References: 3468 986 3272 906 1. UrbanecZ. & Cejka J. (1979) 2964 843 Infrared spectraof liebigite, andersonite,voglite, and schrockingerite. 2933 822 Collection of CzechoslovakChemical Communications,44, pp.1O-23. 2656 741 2457 706 2413 684 2363 612 2334 546 2081 434 1825 286 1718 252? 1643 1577 1550 1370 1187 1098 o ~ru ru

CD ~ m 0 ru 0 ~ 0 ~~--,----.----~--.----.----r---.----.----r---.----.----~- ~

3~NVllI~SNVHl % ~ ~~ ~

Formula: Ca(UOzMCOJS(OIl)4'6H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Chemical type: A(X0 3)'xH 20 Space group: ?

Specimen: RMS 2768 Source: Shinkolobwe,Shaba, Zaire. (type locality) Spectrum ref. no.: IR2943 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4564 Composition: Ca:U ~ 1:5,5 with trace Fe

Notes Peak Table em- 7 3546 1101 Specimenfrom Institut Royal des SciencesNaturelle de Belgique, Brussels. 3437 959 3243 916 3001 848 References: 2956 828 2646 814 1. Cejka J., Mrazek Z. & UrbanecZ. (1984) 2499 777 New data on sharpite, a calcium uranyl carbonate. 2339 762 NeuesJahrbuchjUr Mineralogie, Monatshejte,pp.109-117. 2217 707 1866 692 2. UrbanecZ. & Cejka J. (1979) 1734 459

Infrared spectraof rutherfordineand sharpite. 1627 374 I Collection of CzechoslovakChemical Communications,44, pp.I-9. 1543 254 1460 1449 1420 1244 1194 1151 o 1..0 C\J C\J

o o 1..0

o o o ...--t

(J) a: UI CD ~ ::::J Z UI o > o 4: 1..0 3: ...--t I Cl LU (J) (J) LUa: a.. ~o u

o o o C\J

o LU o I- o ...... (T) a.. a: 4: :I: (J)

(T) """en 0 C\J 0 0 a:...... """ 0 cd 0 0 0 ...--t

3JNV11I~SNVI:I1 % ~ ~~ ~

Formula: N~C~(COJ3 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Eitelite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: Amm2

Specimen: BM 1968,42 Colourlesstranslucent crystals in . Source: West Vaca mine, near GreenRiver, SweetwaterCounty, Wyoming, U.S.A. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2670 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition: Na:Ca:Mg ~ 1:1:0·1 with traceK, AI, Si

Notes Peak Table em· 7

Seeexpanded detail of 1200-600cm- i region. [3527] 891 The spectrummatches that shown in Sadtler(93), but has better resolution. 2990 872 2941 866 2905 851 References: 2836 842 2616 826 1. White W.B. (1974) 2548 731 The carbonateminerals. 2509 719 In: Farmer(Ed.) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 2460 710 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 2386 694 1808 686 1765 682 2. Bradley W.H. & EugsterH.P. (1969) 1521 325 Geochemistryand paleolimnologyof the trona depositsand associatedauthigenic minerals of the 1481 286 GreenRiver Formationof Wyoming. 1453 257 U.S. Geological SurveyProfessional Paper, BI-B71. 1409 1090 1071 1048 o In C\J C\J

o o In

o o ...... o

C/l ffi III::e: ::::Jz o UJ o «> In x ...... I Cl UJ C/l C/l ~ a. ::e: o u

o o o C\J

o UJ o I- o t-4 rr1 I-a: o ::I: C/l

o o o ~ o o o o ......

3JN'tllIWSN't~1 % o o LO

o o CD

a:OJ UI CO :::E ::J Z UI > 4: 3: ,...... , rl .r! ItJ +J OJ o "0 o o "0 ...-1 OJ "0 c: ItJ 0. X ...... OJ

UI I- 1-1 a:I- o :J: OJ

0r--- LO 0 C\J 0 a: C\J 1-1 ...-1 b b CD LO "'t 0 0 0 C\J ...-1

38NVIIIWSNVI::l1 % SIDERITE

Formula: FeC03 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite Chemical type: A(XOJ Space group: R3c

Specimen: BM 1929,219 Paleyellow lenticular crystals. Source: New Wheal Kitty, St Agnes, Cornwall, U.K. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2650 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition: Fe with trace AI, Si

Notes Peak Table cm- 7 Forms a series with magnesiteand rhodochrosite. [3285] The spectrummatches those of specimensfrom other localities. 2925 Comparethe spectrumwith thoseof other membersof the calcite group. 2856 2500 1811 References: 1422 1094 1. Dubrawski J.V., ChannonA.L. & Warne S.S.J.(1989) 867 Examinationof the siderite magnesitemineral seriesby Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy. 739 AmericanMineralogist, 74, pp.187-190. 605 336 . mru ru

C) C) C)ru

38NVllI~SNV~1 % SJOGRENITE

Formula: Mg6Fez3+(COJ(OIl)16· 4HzO Crystal system: Hexagonal Chemical class: Hydrated carbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Chemical type: AmBn(XOJpZq·xHzO with (m+n):p = 8:1 Space group: P6/mmc

Specimen: BM 1926,1222 Straw coloured,isolated, platy crystals. Source: Langban,Filipstad, Varmland, Sweden.(Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2818 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 6161 = sjogrenite Composition: Mg:Fe::::: 3:1 with trace Si

--~ ------~ Notes Peak Table em·'

Dimorphouswith pyroaurite. 3469 The spectrumis identical to that of pyroaurite. 2925 2434 References: 2366 1632 1. AHmann R. (1969) 1589 Supplementalinformation on the structuresof pyroauriteand sjogrenite. 1384 Neueslahrbuch fUr Mineralogie, Monatshejte,pp.552-558. 1366 1167 2. Ingram L. & Taylor H.F.W. (1967) 1086 The crystalstructures of sjogreniteand pyroaurite. 1020 Mineralogical Magazine, 36, pp.465-479. 993 683 3. Frondel C. (1941) 584 Constitutionand polymorphismof the pyroaurite and sjogrenitegroups. 428 AmericanMineralogist, 26, pp.295-315. 377 292 o U1 OJ OJ

o o U1

o o o ...-I

C/l ffi In ::E ::J Z o ~ o

o o o OJ

o o o [Y'J

o o o o ...-I

3:JNVllIWSNVI::I1 % SMITHSONITE

Formula: ZnC0 3 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrousnonnal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite Chemical type: A(XOJ Space group: R3c

Specimen: BM 1929,1648 Colourlesscrystals on . Source: Kabwe, Zambia. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2649 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8273 (std) Composition: Zn only

Notes Peak Table em- 1 Comparethe spectrumwith thoseof other membersof the calcite group. [3419] 2924 References: 2850 2493 l. Gevork'yanS.V. & PovarennikhO.S. (1983) 1816 New infrared spectrafor minerals in the calcite and aragonitegroups. 1605 Dopovidi AkademiyiNauk Ukrayins'koyi RSR, 1427 Seriya B: Geologichni, Khimichni ta Biologichni Nauki, (11), pp.8-12. 1170 1096 2. ChesterR. & Elderfield H. (1967) 870 The applicationof infra-red absorptionspectroscopy to carbonatemineralogy. 841 Sedimentology,9, pp.5307-9. 745 I 308 3. Braithwaite R., Stanley W. & Ryback G. (1963) Rosasite,aurichalcite and associatedminerals from Heights of Abraham, Matlock Bath, Derbyshire, with a note on infra-red spectra. Mineralogical Magazine, 33(261), pp.441-449. C) ~ru ru

3~NVllI~SNV~1 % SPHAEROCOBALTITE

Formula: CoC03 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite Chemical type: A(X0 3) Space group: R.3c

Specimen: BM 1967,287 Small dark pink, flattened rhombs on dolomite matrix. Source: Musonoi, Kolwezi, Shaba, Zaire. Spectrum ref. no.:" IR2652 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 6259F (std)

Composition: Co:Mg :::::1:0,4 with trace Ca,Fe,Mn,Sr

Notes Peak Table em- 1 Specimenswith high cobalt contentare rare and many 'sphaerocobaltites'are cobaltiandolomite. 3227 Comparethe spectrumwith thoseof other membersof the calcite group. 2927 2861 References: 2509 1819 1. White W.B. (1974) 1427 The carbonateminerals. 1120 In: Farmer (Ed.) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 1092 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 875 747 2. Weir C.E. & Lippincott E.R. (1961) 516 Infrared studiesof aragonite,calcite and vaterite type structuresin the borates,carbonates and 372 nitrates. 245? Journal of Research,National Bureau of Standards,65(A), pp.173-183 o In C\J C\J

o o In

o o o ..-I

en a: UJ OJ ::IE ::J Z UJ 0 > 0 « In 3C ..-I I CJ UJen en a:L.U 0.. ::IE 0 (J

0 0 0 C\J

L.U I- t-I I- «.-J OJ 0 0 (J 0 0 0 a: [TJ «L.U :J: 0..en

C\J In to 0 C\J 0 a: 0 ~ ~

0 cd 0 0 0 ..-I

3:JNVIIIWSNV~1 % STENONITE

Formula: (Sr,Ba,Na)2Al(COJFs Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P2/m

Specimen: BM 1966,536 Whitelcolourlesscrystalline massivewith pyrite, sphaleriteetc. Source: Ivigtut, Frederikshaabdistrict, South Greenland. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2815 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 12313 (std) Composition: Sr:Al ~ 2:1 Minor Ca,Si, traceonly Ba, Na

Notes Peak Table em-' The specimenis from the type material. [3341] 551 2935 496 2857 429 References: 2572 404 2539 339 1. HawthorneF.e. (1984) 1846 299 The crystal structureof stenoniteand the classificationof the aluminofluoride minerals. 1807 246? Canadian Mineralogist, 22(2), pp.245-251. 1486 1432 2. Pauly H., Dano M. & MortensenE.L. (1962) 1098 Stenonite,a new carbonatefluoride from Ivigtut, South Greenland. 1027 Meddelelserom Grenland, 169(9), p.24. 870 843 799 751 710 702 606 UJ ~ m 0 ru 0 ~~~~~--~~~~--~~~~--~~~~--~~~~--~- ~

3~NVllIWSNV~1 % II STRONTIANITE II

Formula: SrC03 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Aragonite

Chemical type: A(X0 3) Space group: Pmcn

Specimen: BM 58848 Large pale green fibro-columnar crystals. Source: Strontian, Highland Region, Scotland, U.K. (type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR 2672 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 1704F (std) Composition: Major Sr with minor Ca (3·8 wt% CaO)

Notes Peak Table em-t [3313] Comparethe spectrumwith those of other membersof the aragonite group. 2925 2877 2603 References: 2487 1774 1. Gevork'yanS.V. & PovarennikhO.S. (1983) 1458 New infrared spectrafor minerals in the calcite and aragonitegroups. 1385 Dopovidi AkademiyiNauk Ukrayins'koyi RSR, 1073 Seriya B: Geologichni, Khimichni ta Biologichni Nauki, (11), pp.8-12. 858 843 2. White W.B. (1974) 706 The carbonateminerals. 699 In: Farmer(Ed) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 670 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 520 467 242? o . 10 C\J C\J

o o 10

o o o ....-I

en ffi ID ::::E: ::J Z UJ o > o -< 10 ~ ....-I I Cl LU en en ~ a. ::::E:o U

o o o C\J

~ H Z o -< o H o t- (T) Z o a: ent-

o o o ~ o o o o ....-I

3~NVIII~SNVI:I1 % II STRONTIODRESSERITE II

Formula: (Sr,Ca)AI 2(C03MOHk H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Alumohydrocalcite(dundasite)

Chemical type: AmBn(X03)pZq'xH20 with (m+n):p = 3:2 Space group: Pbmm

Specimen: BM 1983,643 Spheroidalaggregates of white acicularcrystals. Source: FranconQuarry, St Michel, Montreal Island, Quebec,Canada. (Type locality) Spectrum ref. no.: IR2881 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8205F (std) Composition: Sr:Ca:AI r::: 1:0'1:2 with trace Ba & Na

Notes Peak Table em· 1 The spectrumis similar to, but distinguishablefrom that of dresserite. 3591 1090 See ref.2 for peak assignmentsand comparisonwith dresseriteand dundasite. 3508 1066 3471 965 3175 887 References: 3075 849 2606 841 1. JamborJ.L., SabinaA.P., RobertsA.C. & SturmanB.D. (1977) 2457 759 Strontiodresserite,a new Sr Al carbonatefrom Montreal Island, Quebec. 2241 743 Canadian Mineralogist, 15(3), pp.405-407. 2151 726 2087 682 2. Farrell D.M. (1977) 1859 577 Infrared investigationof basic double carbonatehydrate minerals. 1805 552 Canadian Mineralogist, 15(3), pp.408-413. 1645 481 1561 455 1509 383 1457 311 1373 278 1110 C) UJ ru ru

00 ~ wm ~ ~ zw C) > C) < UJ ~ ~ I 0 W 00 00w ~ ~ ~ 0u

C) C) C) ru

W ~ ~ ffi 00 w00 ~ 0 C) 0 C) ~ C) ~ ~ z C) ~ ~ 00

3~NVllIHSNV~1 % SUSANNITE

Formula: Pb4(SOJ(CO:Jz(OH) Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Compoundcarbonate Mineral group: Susannite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: R3

Specimen: RMS unregistered. Source: Roan Burn vein, Leadhills, Lanarkshire,Scotland, U.K. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2930 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 9998 Composition:

Notes Peak Table cm" Trimorphouswith leadhillite and macphersonite. 3577 The spectrumis very similar to, but distinguishablefrom, those of leadhillite and macphersonite. 3431 2959 2924 2856 References: 2411 1734 1. Russell J.D., FraserA.R. & Livingstone A. (1984) 1628 The infrared absorptionspectra of the three polymorphsof PbSOlC03MOH)2 (leadhillite, susannite 1403 and macphersonite). 1116 Mineralogical Magazine, 48(2), pp.295-7. 1080 1051 964 840 706 682 602 421 3~NV11I~SNV~1 % II SYNCHYSITE-fY) (doverite) II

Formula: Ca(Y,Ce)(C03)2F Crystal system: Hexagonal Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bastnasite Chemical type: AB(X0 3)Zq Space group: ?

Specimen: RMS 1980.49.11. Source: Mont St Hilaire, Quebec,Canada. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2948 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4156 Composition:

Notes Peak Table em· 7

The spectrumresembles that of bastnasite. 3687 3440 2925 References: 2860 2500 1. Yukhtanov P.P. & Burlakov Y.V. (1985) 2349 Ankylite and synchisitefrom crystal bearingpockets in the Polar Urals region 1816 In: Yushkin, N.P. & OstashchenkoB.A. Minerals and mineral formation. Trudy Institut Geologii. 1744 50, pp.99-104.(In Russian). 1464 1482 2. ScharmB. & KUhn P. (1983) 1079 Synchisite; (Nd), Ca(Nd,Y,Gd,) [F/(C0 3)21,a new mineral. 871 NeuesJahrbuchjiir Mineralogie, Monatshejte,(5), pp.201-21O. 741 (In English). 602 352 287 o Inru ru

o o In

o o o ..-t

en a::: LU a:I ::E ::::J Z LU o > o

o o o ru

E I LU I- 0 I-f 0 en 0 I-f (TJ :::t: Uz >-en

00 ~ m 0 ru 0 a::: 0 - ~ 0 d 0 0 0 ..-t

3:JNVIIIWSNVt:l1 % TAKovrrE

Formula: Ni~2(C03)(OH)16'4H20 Crystal system: Trigonal Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Pvroaurite

Chemical type: A",B n(X0 3)pZq'xH20 with (m+n):p =8:1 Space group: R3m

Specimen: BM 1976,81 Paleblue/green powdery coating. Source: Carr Boyd Rocks mine, Goongarrie,. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2804 Sample medium: KBrdisk XRD: 19310 = takovite Composition: Ni & AI with minor Zn and traceFe, Si

Notes Peak Table em-1

Former name = eardleyite 3418 The peak at 1015 cm·1 is thought to be due to inseperablekaolinite impurity - see ref. no.3. 1734 1617 References: 1560 1396 1. Brindley G.W. (1978) 1351 The structureand chemistryof the hydrousnickel silicate and aluminateminerals. 1282 In: Goni J.(Ed), Colloque sur la mineralogie,geochimie, geologie des minerauxet minerais 1015 nickelifereslateritiques, 910 Fr., Bur. Rech. Geol. Minieres, Bull., (Ser.2), Sect 2, Geol.GitesMiner., 3, pp.233-45. 819 690 2. Nickel E.H., Davis C.E.S., Bussell M., Bridge P.J., Dunn J.G. & MacDonaldR.D. (1977) 623 Eardleyiteas a product of the alterationof nickel sulfides in WesternAustralia. 561 AmericanMineralogist. 62(5,6), pp.449-57. 434 365 3. Bish D.L. & Brindley G.W. (1977) 333 A reinvestigationof takovite, a nickel aluminum hydroxy carbonateof the pyroauritegroup. 254 AmericanMineralogist, 62(5,6), pp.458-64.

I o U1 C\I C\I

o o U1

o o o ..-f

til

:::E~ :::J Z o Ul o «> U1 3: ...... I Cl Ul til til Ul 0: 0.. :::E o U

o o o C\I

o Ul o I- o t-f [T) >o «~ I-

o o o "<;f" o o o o ..-f

38NVllI~SNVtll % II TRONA 11

Formula: Na3(C03)(HC03)-2HzO Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Acid carbonate Mineral group: Thermonatrite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: 12/a

Specimen: BM 59235 Crust of colourlessprismatic crystalswith halite etc_ Source: Natron Lakes, Egypt_ Spectrum ref. no.: IR2876 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8149F = trona (+ trace quartz). Composition:

Notes Peak Table em- 1 The spectrumis identical to that of synthetic . 3469 3067 References: 2536 2444 1. Maglione G. & Carn M. (1975) 2266 Spectresinfrarouges des mineraux salins et des silicates neoformesdans Ie Bassin tchadien. 1692 (Infrared spectraof saline and silicate minerals from the Chad Basin). 1465 Fr., Off. Rech. Sci. Tech. Outre Mer, Cah., Ser. Geol. 7, pp.3-9 1357 1191 2. Ryskin Ya. I. (1974) 1113 The vibrations of protons in minerals; hydroxyl, water and ammonium. 1065 In: Farmer(Ed) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals, 1015 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.137-181. 851 651 3. White W.B. (1974) 601 The carbonateminerals. Ibid. pp.227-84. C) UJ ru ru

3~NVIIIWSNV~1 % TUNISITE

Formula: NaC~AI4(C03)4(OH)8CI Crystal system: Tetragonal Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Dawsonite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P4/nmm

Specimen: BM 1981,482 Creamywhite bladedcrystals. Source: Condorcet,Drome, France. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2791 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 7959F = tunisite Composition: Na:Ca:A1:CI ~ 0·8:2·1:4:1

Notes Peak Table em-' The spectrummatches that given in Suhner, (5-57) tunisite. 3495 674 3459 533 3410 468 2926 416 References: 2603 384 2279 311 1. EffenbergerR., Kluger F., Pertlik F. & ZemannJ. (1981) 1998 274 Tunisite; crystal structureand revision of chemical formula. 1915 TschermaksMineralogische undPetrographische Mitteilungen, 28(1), pp.65-77 . 1866 (In Germanwith English summary) 1563 1513 2. ZdenekJ., PovondraP. & Ervin S. (1969) 1475 Tunisite, a new carbonatefrom Tunisia. 1156 AmericanMineralogist, 54(1,2), pp.1-13. 1131 1091 981 844 797 741 o LD C'\J C'\J

o o LD

o o o ~

a:CJl Ul CO :::E :::J Z o Ul o «> LD 3:: ~ oI W CJl CJlw a: a. :::Eo U

o o o C'\J

o W o I- o ...... (TJ ...... CJl Z :::J I-

~ en I' 0 C'\J 0 ...... a: 0 ""'" 0 b b b LO C'\J 0 0 0 ""'" ~

38NVllIWSNVt:ll % TYCHITE

Formula: Nac;Mgz(SOJ(COJ4 Crystal system: Cubic Chemical class: Compoundcarbonate Mineral group: Susannite Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: Fd3

Specimen: RMS 1974.47.165 Source: SearlesLake, San BernardinoCo., California, U.S.A. (Type locality) Spectrum ref. no.: IR2924 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4103 Composition:

Notes Peak Table em·'

[3417] 396 See also manganotychiteIR3062. 2924 333 2859 273 2649 References: 2539 2339 l. Malinovskii Y.A., Baturin S.V. & Belov N.V. (1979) 1818 The crystal structureof Fe tychite. 1731 Soviet Physics. Doklady. 24(12), pp.951-3. 1630 (In English) 1463 1447 2. KeesterK.L., JohnsonG.G.Jr. & Vand V. (1969) 1385 New data on tychite. 1110 American Mineralogist, 54(1,2), pp.302-5. 1104? 884 859 718 662 631 o lCl C\J C\J

o o lCl

o o o oM

en ex: Ul III :::E :::J Z o ~ o « lCl 3: oM I o Ulen en ~ 0.. :::E o c..J

o o o C\J

o o Ul o t- (TJ I-f :I:: c..J >- t-

o o o o oM

3~NVllIWSNVl::ll % VATERITE

Formula: CaC03 Crystal system: Hexagonal Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite Chemical type: A(XOJ Space group: P6immc

Specimen: Synthetic. White crystalline powder. Source: NHMLabs. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2603 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 6202F (std) Composition: Ca only

Notes Peak Table em-'

Trimorphouswith aragoniteand calcite. [3228] 341 The spectraof all three polymorphsare easily distinguished. 2973 291 The material was preparedaccording to the method given in ref. 1. 2905 2624 2507 References: 2356 1836 1. Sato Mitsuo and MatsudaShunji. (1969) 1765 Structureof vaterite and infrared spectra. 1743 ZeitschriJtfUr Kristallographie, 129(5,6), pp.405-1O. 1489 (In English) 1432 1408 2. Weir C.E. & Lippincott E.R. (1961) 1089 Infrared studiesof aragonite,calcite and vaterite type structuresin the borates,carbonates and 999 nitrates. 877 Journal of Research,National Bureau of Standards,65(A), pp.173-83. 850 844 745 668 o Ln C\J C\J

o o Ln

o o o ....-I

en a: w aJ :::E: :::J Z W 0 > 0 « Ln 3: ....-I I 0 Wen en a:W a. :::E 0 c..J

0 0 0 C\J U ·M +J OJ .c +J c: >- II]

0 W 0 r- 0 t-4 (TJ a:w «r- >

(TJ 0 LD 0 C\J 0 a: 0 t-4 """ 0 cd 0 0 0 ....-I

3~NVllIWSNVl::ll % VOGLITE

Formula: CazCu(UOJ(COJ4·6H10 Crystal system: Monoclinic Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Chemical type: A",Bn(XOJp ·~O where (m +n) : p > 1 : 1 Space group: P21

Specimen: BM 1965,439 Emeraldgreen bladed crystals. Source: White CanyonNo.1 mine, Frey Point, SanJuan County, Utah, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2867 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 8123F = voglite (see notes) Composition: Ca:Cu:U ~ 1·1:0·2:1·0? with traceMg, S

Notes Peak Table cm-' X-ray diffraction showedthe material to be poorly crystalline. 3411 The analysisindicates a low coppercontent relative to the ideal formula. 2595 1563 1515 1429 References: 1149 1114 1. UrbanecZ & Cejka J. (1979) 1084 Infrared spectraof liebigite, andersonite,voglite, and schroeckingerite. 1025 Collection of CzechoslovakChemical Communications, 44(1), pp.1O-23_ 904 838 794 746 717 671 600 523 474 298 3~NVIIIHSNV~1 % WELOGANITE

Formula: Sr~~Zr(COJ6·3HzO Crystal system: Triclinic, pseudotrigonal Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: McKelveyite Chemical type: A.nBn(XOJp·xHzO where (m+n):p > 1:1 Space group: PI

Specimen: RMS 1976.34.1 Straw yellow hexagonalcrystals. Source: FranconQuarry, St Michel, Montreal Island, Quebec,Canada. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2946 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 39476 Composition:

Notes Peak Table em- 7 Forms a serieswith donnayite-(Y). 3383 672? The spectrumclosely matchesthat shown in the original description,ref. 1 ,and is similar to those of 3317 547 donnayite-(Y) and mckelveyite-(Y). 2931 325 2617 2421 References: 1682 1611 1. SabinaA.P., JamborJ.L. & Plant A.G. (1968) 1555 Weloganite, a new strontium carbonatefrom Montreal Island, Canada. 1527 Canadian Mineralogist, 9(4), pp. 468-77. 1413 with correction, Canadian Mineralogist, 1969, 9(5), p654. 1354 1064 1057 869 850 761 749 706 678 38NVllIWSNV~1 % WITHERITE

Formula: BaC03 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Aragonite Chemical type: A(XOJ Space group: Pmcn

Specimen: BM 26683 Colourlessprismatic crystal groups. Source: Fallowfield mine, Hexham, Northumbria,County Durham, U.K. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2671 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition: Ba only

Notes Peak Table cm-' The spectrumis identical with those of samplesfrom other localities. [3444] Comparethe spectrumwith thoseof other membersof the aragonitegroup. 2878 2821 References: 2541 2452 1. AnatassovV., VassilevaM. & GoranovaR. (1989) 2093 Carbonateswith aragonitetype structure(aragonite, witherite and cerussite)in the Kremikotvsi 1752 deposit. (Hungarianwith English abstract). 1431 Annual of the Higher Institute of Mining & Geology, Sofia, Part 1, Geology, 35. 1060 858 2. White W B. (1974) 840 The carbonateminerals. 709 In: Farmer(Ed) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals 693 Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-84. 668 390 3. Decius J.C., Malan O.G. & ThompsonH.W. (1963) 308 The effects of intermolecularforces upon the vibration of moleculesin the crystalline state. 1. The 286 out-of-planebending of the carbonateion in aragoniteminerals. 242? Proceedingsof the Royal Societyof London, SeriesA, 275, pp.295-309. 38NVllIWSNV~1 % WYARTITE

Formula: Ca3U4+ (U°zMCOJZ(OH)lS·4H10 Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P212121

Specimen: BM 1969,47 Small greenlbrownlath-like crystals. Source: Shinkolobwe,Shaba, Zaire. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2866 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: Composition: Ca:U ~ 3:11? with trace Si, S

Notes Peak Table em· 7 3417 2937 2861 References: 1745 1623 l. Clark J.R. (1960) 1535 X-ray study of alterationin the uranium mineral wyartite. 1381 AmericanMineralogist, 45(1,2), pp.200-8. 1372 1165 2. Guillemin C. & ProtasJ. (1959) 1054 Lanthinite et wyartite. 902 Bulletin de la SocieteFrancaise de Mineralogie, 82(1,3), pp.80-6. 795 742 571 453 371 274 o . In C\J C\J

o o In

o o o ..-t

a:til wm :::E ::::J Z o W o «> In 3: ..-t I CJ W til til a:W Q. :::Eo LJ

o o o C\J

o o o (T)

to to CD 0 C\J 0 a: 0 t-4 ~

0 6 6 cd CD to 0 0 0 ~ ..-t

3~NV 11 I ~SNVtU % ZARATITE

Formula: Ni3(C03)(OH)4·4H20 Crystal system: Cubic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: ?

Specimen: BM 22014 Dark greenvitreous coating on . Source: Wood's mine, Texas, LancasterCounty, Pennsylvania,U.S.A. (Type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2735 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 12438 = zaratite( poorly crystalline). Composition: Ni:Mg variable from 11:1 to 16:1 with traceSi, S

Notes Peak Table em- 7 3526 Partially amorphous,as were all of the zaratite specimensstudied. 3426 The validity of zaratite as a speciesis discussedin ref. 1. 2927 Comparethe spectrumwith that of hellyerite. 2860 1580 References: 1384 1070 1. IsaacsT. (1963) 1022 The mineralogy and chemistry of the nickel carbonates. 985 Mineralogical Magazine,33(263), pp.663-678. 873 834 2. Huang C.K. & Kerr P.F. (1960) 678 Infrared study of the carbonateminerals. 522 AmericanMineralogist, 45, pp.311-24. 438 400 o In C\J C\J

o o In

o o o ..-4

o o o C\J

o UJ o I- o I-f (T) I-« c:: « N

o o o ..-4

38N'VIIIWSN'VHl % 11-- _u - --- ZELLERITE II

Formula: Ca(UOJ(COJz·5HzO Crystal system: Orthorhombic Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Chemical type: A".Bn(XOJp·xHzO where (m+n):p = 1:1 Space group: Pmn21

Specimen: RMS 1978.17.98. Yellow fibrous. Source: White Canyonmine, Frey Point, SanJuan Co., Utah, U.S.A. Spectrum ref. no.: IR2917 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 3897 Composition: Ca:U = 1:0·9 + traceMg,Sr,Fe,Mn,Ba

Notes Peak Table em· 7

3556 772? I 3418 754 References: 2925 741? 2856 700 1. ColemanR.G., Ross D.R. & Meyrowitz R. (1966) 1778 692? Zellerite and metazellerite,new uranyl carbonates. 1636 621 AmericanMineralogist, 51(11,12),pp.1567-78. 1520 309 1439 249? 1429 1378 1167 1090 963 953? 924 857? 843? 830 822? o Ln C\J C\J

o o Ln

o o o ~

en cr: UJ OJ ::E ::::J Z UJ o > o

o o o C\J

UJ o I- o ...... o a: CTl UJ ..J -...J UJ N

~ "m 0 C\J 0 ...... cr: 0 ""'" 0 b 0 0 0 ""'" C\J ~

38NVllIVlSNVI:I1 % ZNUCALITE

Formula: Zn12Ca(UOJ(COJ3(OH)n·4H zO Crystal system: Triclinic Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonate with hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: PI

Specimen: RMS 1992.49.1 yellowlcream colouredcoating. Source: Phbram,Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. (type locality). Spectrum ref. no.: IR2923 Sample medium: KBr disk XRD: 4547 Composition:

Notes Peak Table em" 3331 References: 2965 2930 1. JamborJ.L. & PuziewiczJ. (1991) 1734 New mineral names. 1508 AmericanMineralogist, 76, pp.I728-35. 1392 1082 2. Ondru P., VeselovskY F. & Rybka R. (1990) 1046 Znucalite, ZnI2(U02)Ca(C03)(OH)22'~O, a new mineral from Pffbram, Czechoslovakia. 950 Neueslahrbuch for Mineralogie, Monatshefte,pp.393-400. 890 832 801 742 706 612 517 472 369 276 C) UJ N N

3~NVllI~SNV~1 %