A Specific Gravity Index for Minerats
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Crystal Structure of Hillebrandite: a Natural Analogue of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) Phases in Portland Cement
American Mineralogist, Volume 80, pages 841-844, 1995 Crystal structure of hillebrandite: A natural analogue of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) phases in Portland cement YONGSHAN DAI Garber Research Center, Harbison-Walker Refractories, 1001 Pittsburgh-McKeesport Boulevard, West Miffilin, Pennsylvania 15122, U.S.A. JEFFREY E. POST Departmentof MineralSciences,SmithsonianInstitution,Washington,DC 20560,U.S.A. ABSTRACT The crystal structure of hillebrandite, Ca2Si03(OH)2, was solved and refined in space group Cmc21, a = 3.6389, b = 16.311, c = 11.829 A, to R = 0.041 using single-crystal X-ray data. The structure consists of a three-dimensional network of Ca-O polyhedra that accommodates wollastonite-type Si-O tetrahedral chains. Each of the wollastonite-type chains is an average of two symmetrically equivalent chains related by the mirror plane perpen- dicular to a. In a given structural channel of the Ca-O polyhedral network, only one chain orientation can be occupied to give reasonable Si-O distances. The 03 and 04 sites cor- responding to each vacant Si2 site are occupied by OH groups to achieve charge balance. The wollastonite-type Si-O tetrahedral chains in the hillebrandite structure resemble those reported for many calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) phases. INTRODUCTION brandite and comment upon the structural relationships Hillebrandite, Ca2Si03(OH)2, is one natural member of hillebrandite with other CSH phases. of the CaO-Si02-H20 ternary system, which includes nu- merous natural and synthetic calcium silicate hydrate EXPERIMENTAL METHODS (CSH) phases, most with a common unit-cell axis of about After an exhaustive examination of many hillebrandite 3.64 or 2 x 3.64 A and a fibrous crystal habit along this samples, a fragment ofa specimen (NMNH 95767-7) from axis. -
The Behavior of Molybdenum., Tungsten, and Titanium
The behavior of molybdenum, tungsten, and titanium in the porphyry copper environment Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Kuck, Peter Hinckley Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 08/10/2021 00:24:06 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565421 THE BEHAVIOR OF MOLYBDENUM., TUNGSTEN, AND TITANIUM IN THE PORPHYRY COPPER ENVIRONMENT Peter' 'Hinckley Kuck A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES. In Partial.Fulfillment of the Requirements. ' ■ For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College ■ THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 8 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my Peter Hinckley Kuck direction by ___________ , , The Behavior of Molybdenum, Tungsten, and Titanium entitled ________________________________________________________ in the Porphyry Copper Environment be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy degree of _______________________________________________________ Dissertation Director Date As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read this dissertation and agree that it may be presented for final defense. \ R A j r i A hi / 7IT 2 / 1 r 7 - Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense thereof at the final oral examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of. -
Metamorphism of Sedimentary Manganese Deposits
Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Szeged, XX/2, 325—336, 1972. METAMORPHISM OF SEDIMENTARY MANGANESE DEPOSITS SUPRIYA ROY ABSTRACT: Metamorphosed sedimentary deposits of manganese occur extensively in India, Brazil, U. S. A., Australia, New Zealand, U. S. S. R., West and South West Africa, Madagascar and Japan. Different mineral-assemblages have been recorded from these deposits which may be classi- fied into oxide, carbonate, silicate and silicate-carbonate formations. The oxide formations are represented by lower oxides (braunite, bixbyite, hollandite, hausmannite, jacobsite, vredenburgite •etc.), the carbonate formations by rhodochrosite, kutnahorite, manganoan calcite etc., the silicate formations by spessartite, rhodonite, manganiferous amphiboles and pyroxenes, manganophyllite, piedmontite etc. and the silicate-carbonate formations by rhodochrosite, rhodonite, tephroite, spessartite etc. Pétrographie and phase-equilibia data indicate that the original bulk composition in the sediments, the reactions during metamorphism (contact and regional and the variations and effect of 02, C02, etc. with rise of temperature, control the mineralogy of the metamorphosed manga- nese formations. The general trend of formation and transformation of mineral phases in oxide, carbonate, silicate and silicate-carbonate formations during regional and contact metamorphism has, thus, been established. Sedimentary manganese formations, later modified by regional or contact metamorphism, have been reported from different parts of the world. The most important among such deposits occur in India, Brazil, U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Ghana, South and South West Africa, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Japan etc. An attempt will be made to summarize the pertinent data on these metamorphosed sedimentary formations so as to establish the role of original bulk composition of the sediments, transformation and reaction of phases at ele- vated temperature and varying oxygen and carbon dioxide fugacities in determin- ing the mineral assemblages in these deposits. -
Geochemical Modeling of Iron and Aluminum Precipitation During Mixing and Neutralization of Acid Mine Drainage
minerals Article Geochemical Modeling of Iron and Aluminum Precipitation during Mixing and Neutralization of Acid Mine Drainage Darrell Kirk Nordstrom U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; [email protected] Received: 21 May 2020; Accepted: 14 June 2020; Published: 17 June 2020 Abstract: Geochemical modeling of precipitation reactions in the complex matrix of acid mine drainage is fundamental to understanding natural attenuation, lime treatment, and treatment procedures that separate constituents for potential reuse or recycling. The three main dissolved constituents in acid mine drainage are iron, aluminum, and sulfate. During the neutralization of acid mine drainage (AMD) by mixing with clean tributaries or by titration with a base such as sodium hydroxide or slaked lime, Ca(OH)2, iron precipitates at pH values of 2–3 if oxidized and aluminum precipitates at pH values of 4–5 and both processes buffer the pH during precipitation. Mixing processes were simulated using the ion-association model in the PHREEQC code. The results are sensitive to the solubility product constant (Ksp) used for the precipitating phases. A field example with data on discharge and water composition of AMD before and after mixing along with massive precipitation of an aluminum phase is simulated and shows that there is an optimal Ksp to give the best fit to the measured data. Best fit is defined when the predicted water composition after mixing and precipitation matches most closely the measured water chemistry. Slight adjustment to the proportion of stream discharges does not give a better fit. Keywords: geochemical modeling; acid mine drainage; iron and aluminum precipitation; schwertmannite; basaluminite 1. -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
List of New Mineral Names: with an Index of Authors
415 A (fifth) list of new mineral names: with an index of authors. 1 By L. J. S~v.scs~, M.A., F.G.S. Assistant in the ~Iineral Department of the,Brltish Museum. [Communicated June 7, 1910.] Aglaurito. R. Handmann, 1907. Zeita. Min. Geol. Stuttgart, col. i, p. 78. Orthoc]ase-felspar with a fine blue reflection forming a constituent of quartz-porphyry (Aglauritporphyr) from Teplitz, Bohemia. Named from ~,Xavpo~ ---- ~Xa&, bright. Alaito. K. A. ~Yenadkevi~, 1909. BuU. Acad. Sci. Saint-P6tersbourg, ser. 6, col. iii, p. 185 (A~am~s). Hydrate~l vanadic oxide, V205. H~O, forming blood=red, mossy growths with silky lustre. Founi] with turanite (q. v.) in thct neighbourhood of the Alai Mountains, Russian Central Asia. Alamosite. C. Palaehe and H. E. Merwin, 1909. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, col. xxvii, p. 899; Zeits. Kryst. Min., col. xlvi, p. 518. Lead recta-silicate, PbSiOs, occurring as snow-white, radially fibrous masses. Crystals are monoclinic, though apparently not isom0rphous with wol]astonite. From Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. Prepared artificially by S. Hilpert and P. Weiller, Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges., 1909, col. xlii, p. 2969. Aloisiite. L. Colomba, 1908. Rend. B. Accad. Lincei, Roma, set. 5, col. xvii, sere. 2, p. 233. A hydrated sub-silicate of calcium, ferrous iron, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen, (R pp, R',), SiO,, occurring in an amorphous condition, intimately mixed with oalcinm carbonate, in a palagonite-tuff at Fort Portal, Uganda. Named in honour of H.R.H. Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Abruzzi. Aloisius or Aloysius is a Latin form of Luigi or I~ewis. -
Iron.Rich Amesite from the Lake Asbestos Mine. Black
Canodian Mineralogist Yol.22, pp. 43742 (1984) IRON.RICHAMESITE FROM THE LAKE ASBESTOS MINE. BLACKLAKE. OUEBEC MEHMET YEYZT TANER,* AND ROGER LAURENT DAporternentde Gdologie,Universitd Loval, Qudbec,Qudbec GIK 7P4 ABSTRACT o 90.02(1l)', P W.42(12)',1 89.96(8)'.A notreconnais- sance,c'est la premibrefois qu'on ddcritune am6site riche Iron-rich amesite is found in a metasomatically altered enfer. Elles'ct form€ependant l'altdration hydrothermale granite sheet20 to 40 cm thick emplacedin serpentinite of du granitedans la serpentinite,dans les m€mes conditions the Thetford Mi[es ophiolite complex at the Lake Asbestos debasses pression et temperaturequi ont prdsid6d la for- mine (z16o01'N,11"22' W) ntheQuebec Appalachians.The mation de la rodingite dansle granite et de I'amiante- amesiteis associatedsdth 4lodingife 6semblage(grossu- chrysotiledans la serpentinite. lar + calcite t diopside t clinozoisite) that has replaced the primary minerals of the granite. The Quebec amesite Mots-clds:am6site, rodingite, granite, complexeophio- occurs as subhedral grains 2@ to 6@ pm.in diameter that litique, Thetford Mines, Qu6bec. have a tabular habit. It is optically positive with a small 2V, a 1.612,1 1.630,(t -'o = 0.018).Its structuralfor- INTRoDUc"iloN mula, calculated from electron-microprobe data, is: (Mg1.1Fe6.eA1s.e)(Alo.esil.df Os(OH)r.2. X-ray powder- Amesite is a raxehydrated aluminosilicate of mag- diffraction yield data dvalues that are systematicallygreater nesium in which some ferrous iron usually is found than those of amesitefrom Chester, Massachusetts,prob- replacingmapesium. The extent of this replacement ably becauseof the partial replacement of Mg by Fe. -
Infrare D Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals
Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s G. C. Jones Department of Mineralogy The Natural History Museum London, UK and B. Jackson Department of Geology Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum and National Museums of Scotland E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Firs t editio n 1 993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 Typese t at the Natura l Histor y Museu m ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0 Apar t fro m any fair dealin g for the purpose s of researc h or privat e study , or criticis m or review , as permitte d unde r the UK Copyrigh t Design s and Patent s Act , 1988, thi s publicatio n may not be reproduced , stored , or transmitted , in any for m or by any means , withou t the prio r permissio n in writin g of the publishers , or in the case of reprographi c reproductio n onl y in accordanc e wit h the term s of the licence s issue d by the Copyrigh t Licensin g Agenc y in the UK, or in accordanc e wit h the term s of licence s issue d by the appropriat e Reproductio n Right s Organizatio n outsid e the UK. Enquirie s concernin g reproductio n outsid e the term s state d here shoul d be sent to the publisher s at the Londo n addres s printe d on thi s page. -
Pyrostilpnite Ag3sbs3 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Pyrostilpnite Ag3SbS3 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Crystals tabular {010} giving flat rhombic forms; also laths by elongation k [001], to 1 mm; as subparallel sheaflike aggregates. Twinning: On {100} with (100) as composition plane. Physical Properties: Fracture: Conchoidal. Tenacity: Somewhat flexible in thin plates. Hardness = 2 VHN = 95–115, 107 average (100 g load). D(meas.) = 5.94 D(calc.) = 5.97 Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Hyacinth-red; lemon-yellow by transmitted light. Streak: Yellow-orange. Luster: Adamantine. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). Orientation: Y = b; X ∧ c = 8–11◦. α = Very high. β = Very high. γ = Very high. R1–R2: (400) 36.3–36.9, (420) 36.3–36.5, (440) 36.1–35.8, (460) 35.7–35.1, (480) 34.9–34.2, (500) 33.9–33.2, (520) 32.3–31.8, (540) 30.8–30.3, (560) 29.6–29.2, (580) 28.6–28.2, (600) 27.8–27.5, (620) 27.1–26.7, (640) 26.6–26.2, (660) 26.2–25.8, (680) 25.9–25.4, (700) 25.6–25.2 ◦ 0 Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/c. a = 6.84 b = 15.84 c = 6.24 β = 117 09 Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Pˇr´ıbram, Czech Republic. 2.85 (100), 2.65 (50), 2.42 (50), 1.895 (50b), 1.887 (50b), 1.824 (20b), 1.813 (20b) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) Ag 59.44 59.7 59.76 Sb 22.30 23.7 22.48 S 18.11 16.8 17.76 Total 99.85 100.2 100.00 (1) St. -
Preliminary Results of Hydrothermal Alteration Assemblage
Preliminary Results of Hydrothermal Alteration Assemblage Classification in Aurora and Bodie Mining Districts, Nevada and California, with Airborne Hyperspectral Data Amer Smailbegovic, James V. Taranik and Wendy M. Calvin Arthur Brant Laboratory for Exploration Geophysics University of Nevada, Reno ABSTRACT The Aurora and Bodie mining districts are located in Bodie Hills, north of Mono Lake, on opposite sides of the Nevada-California state line. From the standpoint of economic geology, both deposits are structurally controlled, low-sulfidation, adularia-sericite precious metal vein deposits with an extensive alteration halo. The area was exploited from the late 1870’s until 1988 by both underground and minor open pit operations (Aurora), exposing portions of ore-hosting altered andesites, devitrified rhyolites as well as quartz-adularia-sericite veins. Much of the geologic mapping and explanation was ad- hoc and primarily in support of the mining operations, without particular interest paid to the system as a whole. The University of Nevada, Reno has acquired both high- and low- altitude AVIRIS data of the region. Low-altitude data was acquired in July 2000, followed by high-altitude collection in October 2000. The AVIRIS coverage was targeted on the main vein system in Aurora (Prospectus and Humboldt Vein), East Brawley Peak prospect (midpoint between Aurora and Bodie) and “Bonanza Zone” (Bodie Bluff and Standard Hill) in Bodie, where the hydrothermal alteration zones appear to be the most pervasive. The ground-observations and mining/prospecting reports suggest propylitic alteration throughout the Bodie Hills, argillic and potassic alteration in Aurora and Bodie, (low-sulfidation system) and alunitic alteration (high-sulfidation system) on East Brawley Peak. -
Raman Spectroscopy and Single-Crystal High-Temperature Investigations of Bentorite, Ca6cr2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O
minerals Article Raman Spectroscopy and Single-Crystal High-Temperature Investigations of Bentorite, Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O Rafał Juroszek 1,* , Biljana Krüger 2 , Irina Galuskina 1 , Hannes Krüger 2 , Martina Tribus 2 and Christian Kürsten 2 1 Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, B˛edzi´nska60, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland; [email protected] 2 Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [email protected] (B.K.); [email protected] (H.K.); [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (C.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-516-491-438 Received: 28 November 2019; Accepted: 27 December 2019; Published: 30 December 2019 Abstract: The crystal structure of bentorite, ideally Ca Cr (SO ) (OH) 26H O, a Cr3+ analogue of 6 2 4 3 12· 2 ettringite, is for the first time investigated using X-ray single crystal diffraction. Bentorite crystals of suitable quality were found in the Arad Stone Quarry within the pyrometamorphic rock of the Hatrurim Complex (Mottled Zone). The preliminary semi-quantitative data on the bentorite composition obtained by SEM-EDS show that the average Cr/(Cr + Al) ratio of this sample is >0.8. Bentorite crystallizes in space group P31c, with a = b = 11.1927(5) Å, c =21.7121(10) Å, V = 2355.60(18) Å3, and Z = 2. The crystal structure is refined, including the hydrogen atom positions, to an agreement index R1 = 3.88%. The bentorite crystal chemical formula is Ca (Cr Al ) [(SO ) (CO ) ] (OH) ~25.75H O.