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Strategier Vid Översättning Av Svordomar Från Kinesiska Till Svenska Och Engelska

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Strategier Vid Översättning Av Svordomar Från Kinesiska Till Svenska Och Engelska Uppsala universitet Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi Kinesiska D2 Självständigt arbete, 15 hp HT 2019 Strategier vid översättning av svordomar från kinesiska till svenska och engelska En analys av Mo Yans Det röda fältet - Hong gaoliang Sofia Mattsson-Mårn Handledare: Wan Xinzheng Examinator: Joakim Enwall 1 Abstract In this paper, Chinese swear words are studied in Mo Yan's most famous novel, Red Sorghum, Hong Gaoliang 红 高粱 and how they are translated into Swedish by Anna Gustafsson Chen and into English by Howard Goldblatt. As a tool for analysis I rely on Pedersen's model of translation strategies. A comparison is made between the target texts to test the hypothesis that the English translation of the swear words is more adapted to the target culture, than the Swedish one which is closer to the source text. In addition, I determine which strategies are most common in translating swear words for each translator, and if there are any differences in translation strategies, as they testify of the norms prevailing in each target culture. The translators showed similarities in terms of most common and second most common strategy, cultural substitution followed by direct translation, but while the English translator makes more use of target culture- adapted strategies, the Swedish one is closer to the source text in her translation of the swear words, thus the hypothesis is confirmed. Key words Mo Yan, Red Sorghum, Hong Gaoliang, Chinese swear words, translation strategies, Swedish and English, comparison, culture specific translation problems, swear word translation, norms. Sammanfattning I denna uppsats studeras kinesiska svordomar i Mo Yans mest kända roman, Det röda fältet, Hong Gaoliang 红高粱 och hur de översatts till svenska av Anna Gustafsson Chen och engelska av Howard Goldblatt. Som analysverktyg använder jag mig av Pedersens modell över översättningsstrategier. En jämförelse görs av måltexterna för att testa hypotesen att den engelska översättningen av svordomarna är mer anpassad till målkulturen än den svenska som är mera källtextbunden. Dessutom tar jag reda på vilka strategier som är vanligast vid översättning av svordomar för respektive översättare, samt om det föreligger några skillnader vad gäller översättningsstrategier eftersom dessa vittnar om de normer som råder i respektive målkultur. Översättarna visade på likheter vad gäller vanligaste och näst vanligaste strategi, kulturell substitution följt av direkt översättning, men medan den engelska översättaren använder sig mer av målkulturanpassade strategier är de svenska mer källtextbundna; hypotesen bekräftas alltså. Nyckelord Mo Yan, Det röda fältet, Hong Gaoliang, kinesiska svordomar, översättningsstrategier, svenska och engelska, jämförelse, kulturspecifika översättningsproblem, svordomsöversättning, normer. 2 Innehållsförteckning Tabeller ............................................................................................................... 4 1. Inledning ......................................................................................................... 5 2. Syfte, frågeställningar och hypotes ................................................................. 6 3. Bakgrund ......................................................................................................... 6 3.1. Mo Yan .................................................................................................... 6 3.1.1. Det röda fältet ....................................................................................... 7 3.2. Översättarna och översättningarna ............................................................. 8 3.2.1. Howard Goldblatt ................................................................................... 8 3.2.2. Anna Gustafsson Chen ............................................................................ 8 4. Teori och tidigare forskning............................................................................. 9 4.1. Definitioner och förhållningssätt.................................................................. 9 4.2. Teoretisk bakgrund - översättning .............................................................. 9 4.2.1. Polysystemteorin och normer ................................................................. 10 4.2.2. Pedersens översättningsstrategier och tillägg av egna ............................... 11 4.3. Teoretisk bakgrund - svordomar ................................................................ 14 4.3.1. Svordomar – varför intressant?............................................................... 15 4.3.2. Översättning av svordomar .................................................................... 16 4.3.3. Presentation av svordomarna på de olika språken ..................................... 17 4.3.3.1. Kinesiska svordomar ........................................................................... 17 4.3.3.2. Svenska svordomar ............................................................................ 22 4.3.3.3. Engelska svordomar ........................................................................... 23 4.3.3.4. Jämförelse mellan svordomarna ........................................................... 24 4.4. Tidigare forskning .................................................................................... 24 4.4.1. Tidigare forskning – översättning och Mo Yan ........................................... 24 4.4.2. Tidigare forskning – Goldblatt och Gustafsson Chen .................................. 24 4.4.3. Tidigare forskning – kinesiska svordomar ................................................. 25 4.4.4. Tidigare forskning – svenska och engelska svordomar ............................... 27 5. Material och avgränsningar ............................................................................27 6. Metod .............................................................................................................28 7. Analys ............................................................................................................29 7.1. Analys av svordomarna ............................................................................ 29 7.2. Analys av översättningsstrategierna ........................................................... 38 8. Slutsats och sammanfattande diskussion .......................................................56 9. Framtida forskning .........................................................................................59 Litteraturförteckning ..........................................................................................60 Primära källor ................................................................................................ 60 Sekundära källor ...................................................................................................60 Bilaga 1 ....................................................................................................... 65 3 Tabeller Tabell 1. Svordomsförekomst i den kinesiska källtexten, Mo Yans Det röda fältet. ................................ 29 Tabell 2. Svordomsförekomsten i den svenska översättningen och måltexten, Det röda fältet. ............... 33 Tabell 3. Svordomsförekomsten i den engelska översättningen och måltexten, Red Sorghum. ................ 35 Tabell 4. Frekvens över den svenska och engelska översättarens strategier vid översättning av svordomarna i den kinesiska källtexten, Mo Yans roman Det röda fältet. ............................................... 38 Tabell 5. Exempelmening 1 - Direkt översättning. ................................................................................. 40 Tabell 6. Exempelmening 2 - Direkt översättning. ................................................................................. 40 Tabell 7. Exempelmening 3 - Direkt översättning. ................................................................................. 41 Tabell 8. Exempelmening 4 - Direkt översättning. ................................................................................. 41 Tabell 9. Exempelmening 5 - Direkt översättning. ................................................................................. 42 Tabell 10. Exempelmening 6 - Direkt översättning. ............................................................................... 42 Tabell 11. Exempelmening 7 - Direkt översättning. ............................................................................... 42 Tabell 12. Frekvens för direkt översättning. ........................................................................................... 43 Tabell 13. Exempelmening 1 - Specificering.......................................................................................... 43 Tabell 14. Exempelmening 2 - Specificering.......................................................................................... 43 Tabell 15. Frekvens för specificering. .................................................................................................... 44 Tabell 16. Exempelmening 1 - Generalisering. ...................................................................................... 44 Tabell 17. Exempelmening 2 - Generalisering. ...................................................................................... 44 Tabell 18. Exempelmening 3 - Generalisering. ...................................................................................... 45 Tabell 19. Frekvens för generalisering. .................................................................................................. 45 Tabell 20. Exempelmening 1
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