Ancient Chinese Civilization Bibliography
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Hsing Yun's Ch'an Talk
Buddha’s Light Newsletter 佛 光 世 紀 August 2009 Issue 24 Hsing Yun’s Ch’an Talk Sugar Cookie A monk went to study with Ch’an Master Tao-ming. Master Tao-ming continued, “What do you call it?” The Master asked the monk, “What kind of The novice replied, ‘A sugar cookie.” Buddhist teachings have you read?” Master Tao-ming laughed heartily and said, “You The monk replied, “I have read the Yogacara can also lecture on the teachings of Yogacara!” teaching.” The method and direction of studying Yogacara The Master asked, “Can you lecture on this differ from that of studying Ch’an. Yogacara’s subject?” idealism emphasizes understanding and analysis, The monk declared, “I dare not.” whereas Ch’an does not. A Ch’an adept aims directly at the mind, attaining Buddhahood by seeing one’s own nature. Ch’an masters use humor in their speech and treat people with kindness. They do not like to present a stern face. Sometimes, when they talk about east, they are actually pointing west. Sometimes, when they strike or scold a student, they are actually expressing their loving kindness. Whereas a scholar of Yogacara employs ample verbal explanation to expound on the doctrine of Master Tao-ming picked up a sugar cookie, broke it idealism, a Ch’an practitioner only has to say ‘A in two, and asked, “The three worlds are nothing sugar cookie,” and the underlying implications but the mind’s manifestation; the ten thousand are conveyed. This alone is sufficient to express dharmas all arise from consciousness. -
What Is NP?-Interpretation of a Chinese Paradox" White Horse Is
What is NP ? - Interpretation of a Chinese paradox white horse is not horse Yu LI (1) MIS, Universit´ede Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80090 Amiens, France (2) Institut of computational theory and application, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Abstract The notion of nondeterminism has disappeared from the current definition of NP , which has led to ambiguities in understanding NP , and caused fundamental difficulties in studying the relation P versus NP. In this paper, we question the equivalence of the two definitions of NP , the one defining NP as the class of problems solvable by a nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial time, and the other defining NP as the class of problems verifiable by a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time, and reveal cognitive biases in this equivalence. Inspired from a famous Chinese paradox white horse is not horse, we further analyze these cognitive biases. The work shows that these cognitive biases arise from the confusion between different levels of nondeterminism and determinism, due to the lack of understanding about the essence of nondeterminism. Therefore, we argue that fundamental difficulties in understanding P versus NP lie firstly at cognition level, then logic level. Keywords: recognition of problem; P versus NP ; nondeterminism; determinism; polynomial time verifiability; nondeterministic Turing machine; deterministic Turing machine; white horse is not horse 1 Introduction arXiv:1501.01906v1 [cs.CC] 8 Jan 2015 One of the main issues in the theory of NP -completeness is to study whether a NP problem can be efficiently solved by an algorithm, i.e., the existence of a polynomial time algorithm to solve a NP problem. -
Alchemical Culture and Poetry in Early Modern England
Alchemical culture and poetry in early modern England PHILIP BALL Nature, 4–6 Crinan Street, London N1 9XW, UK There is a longstanding tradition of using alchemical imagery in poetry. It first flourished at the end of the sixteenth century, when the status of alchemy itself was revitalised in European society. Here I explain the reasons for this resurgence of the Hermetic arts, and explore how it was manifested in English culture and in particular in the literary and poetic works of the time. In 1652 the English scholar Elias Ashmole published a collection of alchemical texts called Theatrum Chymicum Britannicum, comprising ‘Several Poeticall Pieces of Our Most Famous English Philosophers’. Among the ‘chemical philosophers’ represented in the volume were the fifteenth-century alchemists Sir George Ripley and Thomas Norton – savants who, Ashmole complained, were renowned on the European continent but unduly neglected in their native country. Ashmole trained in law, but through his (second) marriage to a rich widow twenty years his senior he acquired the private means to indulge at his leisure a scholarly passion for alchemy and astrology. A Royalist by inclination, he had been forced to leave his London home during the English Civil War and had taken refuge in Oxford, the stronghold of Charles I’s forces. In 1677 he donated his impressive collection of antiquities to the University of Oxford, and the building constructed to house them became the Ashmolean, the first public museum in England. Ashmole returned to London after the civil war and began to compile the Theatrum, which was intended initially as a two-volume work. -
ASJ Introduction to "Historical and Cultural Significance of Admiral Zheng He's Ocean Voyages"
ASJ Introduction to "Historical and Cultural Significance of Admiral Zheng He's Ocean Voyages" Those in power control the future by controlling the past, wrote George Orwell. Nowhere is this truth more dead on target than in European historiography, with its hubris-that enduring sense of being better than the rest. This claim of European superiority, according to Alam (2002), has been put forward with regard to rationality, freedom, individuality, inventiveness, daring, curiosity and tolerance; in turn, these qualities have been translated into superior achievements in technology, wars, management, capitalism, industrialization, and shipping, among others. A case in point is the European effort to explain, or explain away, Zheng He's expeditions in the l4'h century as a case of irrational decision making, of an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires of the voyager's Chinese masters. By contrast, European expeditions were presented as technological triumphs in an era of rationalism and economic adventure. Such Eurocentrism takes a variety of forms. In the 1990 BBC television documentary series Road to Xanadu, for instance, Zheng He's maritime exploration, according to Cao (2006), is assailed as "an expendable luxury"-an impractical exercise in the consumption (rather than production) of material wealth. To emphasize the difference, the documentary suggests that when Europe embarked on its profit-seeking overseas colonial undertaking, the aim was "to grasp the riches of trade 25 26 with Asia." Or again, it is common for European historiographers to devalue China's maritime reach Gong after Zheng He's expeditions), by asking rhetorically (as did Landes, 1998) why European sailing vessels could call at Shanghai or Canton, while no Chinese junks ever anchored in London (Goldstone, 2001 ). -
Chinese Researches in the History of Science and Technology, 1982
Chinese Science, 1983, 6: 59-83 CHINESE RESEARCHES IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 1982 XI Zezong In China the number of organizations and publications in the history of science has been continuously increasing, as has the number of articles on that subject in every sort of publication devoted to the sciences and social sciences. In 1982 the number of articles published throughout the country exceeded seven hundred and fifty, an increase of one and a half times over 1981. I will survey the book and periodical literature under the following headings: 1. Discussions of the failure of modern science to develop independently in China 2. History of natural sciences 3. History of applied sciences 4. History of scientific thought 5. History of scientific organizations References and abbreviations are listed at the end of this essay. A few supplementary references have been provided in footnotes by the Editor. The Failure of Modern Science to Develop Independently in China In 1982 the first general history of Chinese science and technology, by Du Shiran and other members of the Institute for the History of Natural Science, Academia Sinica, was published in preliminary form by Science Press. Its ten chapters, in two volumes, discuss the beginnings of science, the formation of concepts from experience (to 770 B.C.), the foundations (770-221) and formation of a system of science (221-A.D. 220), its strengthening and enhancement (220- 581), its continued development (581-960), its zenith (960-1368), its slowed advance (1368 - 17th century), the first influx of Western science and technology (17th century - 1840), and modem science and technology (1840-1919). -
B Philosophy (General) B
B PHILOSOPHY (GENERAL) B Philosophy (General) For general philosophical treatises and introductions to philosophy see BD10+ Periodicals. Serials 1.A1-.A3 Polyglot 1.A4-Z English and American 2 French and Belgian 3 German 4 Italian 5 Spanish and Portuguese 6 Russian and other Slavic 8.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z Societies 11 English and American 12 French and Belgian 13 German 14 Italian 15 Spanish and Portuguese 18.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z 20 Congresses Collected works (nonserial) 20.6 Several languages 20.8 Latin 21 English and American 22 French and Belgian 23 German 24 Italian 25 Spanish and Portuguese 26 Russian and other Slavic 28.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z 29 Addresses, essays, lectures Class here works by several authors or individual authors (31) Yearbooks see B1+ 35 Directories Dictionaries 40 International (Polyglot) 41 English and American 42 French and Belgian 43 German 44 Italian 45 Spanish and Portuguese 48.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z Terminology. Nomenclature 49 General works 50 Special topics, A-Z 51 Encyclopedias 1 B PHILOSOPHY (GENERAL) B Historiography 51.4 General works Biography of historians 51.6.A2 Collective 51.6.A3-Z Individual, A-Z 51.8 Pictorial works Study and teaching. Research Cf. BF77+ Psychology Cf. BJ66+ Ethics Cf. BJ66 Ethics 52 General works 52.3.A-Z By region or country, A-Z 52.5 Problems, exercises, examinations 52.65.A-Z By school, A-Z Communication of information 52.66 General works 52.67 Information services 52.68 Computer network resources Including the Internet 52.7 Authorship Philosophy. -
A Lexicon of Alchemy
A Lexicon of Alchemy by Martin Rulandus the Elder Translated by Arthur E. Waite John M. Watkins London 1893 / 1964 (250 Copies) A Lexicon of Alchemy or Alchemical Dictionary Containing a full and plain explanation of all obscure words, Hermetic subjects, and arcane phrases of Paracelsus. by Martin Rulandus Philosopher, Doctor, and Private Physician to the August Person of the Emperor. [With the Privilege of His majesty the Emperor for the space of ten years] By the care and expense of Zachariah Palthenus, Bookseller, in the Free Republic of Frankfurt. 1612 PREFACE To the Most Reverend and Most Serene Prince and Lord, The Lord Henry JULIUS, Bishop of Halberstadt, Duke of Brunswick, and Burgrave of Luna; His Lordship’s mos devout and humble servant wishes Health and Peace. In the deep considerations of the Hermetic and Paracelsian writings, that has well-nigh come to pass which of old overtook the Sons of Shem at the building of the Tower of Babel. For these, carried away by vainglory, with audacious foolhardiness to rear up a vast pile into heaven, so to secure unto themselves an immortal name, but, disordered by a confusion and multiplicity of barbarous tongues, were ingloriously forced. In like manner, the searchers of Hermetic works, deterred by the obscurity of the terms which are met with in so many places, and by the difficulty of interpreting the hieroglyphs, hold the most noble art in contempt; while others, desiring to penetrate by main force into the mysteries of the terms and subjects, endeavour to tear away the concealed truth from the folds of its coverings, but bestow all their trouble in vain, and have only the reward of the children of Shem for their incredible pain and labour. -
Superstition and В€Œlucky∕ Apartments
Journal of Comparative Economics 42 (2014) 109–117 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Comparative Economics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jce Superstition and ‘‘lucky’’ apartments: Evidence from transaction-level data ⇑ Matthew Shum a, Wei Sun b, Guangliang Ye b, a Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, MC 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA b Hanqing Advanced Institute of Economics and Finance, School of Economics/Finance, Renmin University of China, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, PR China article info abstract Article history: Shum, Matthew, Sun, Wei, and Ye, Guangliang—Superstition and ‘‘lucky’’ apartments: Received 18 January 2013 Evidence from transaction-level data Revised 19 September 2013 Available online 11 November 2013 Using a sample of apartment transactions during 2004–2006 in Chengdu, China, we inves- tigate the impact of superstitions in the Chinese real estate market. Numerology forms an Keywords: important component of Chinese superstitious lore, with the numbers 8 and 6 signifying Superstition good luck, and the number 4 bad luck. We find that secondhand apartments located on Real estate market floors ending with ‘‘8’’ fetch, on average, a 235 RMB higher price (per square meter) than Apartment prices on other floors. For newly constructed apartments, this price premium disappears due to uniform pricing of new housing units, but apartments on floors ending in an ‘‘8’’ are sold, on average, 6.9 days faster than on other floors. Buyers who have a phone number contain- ing more ‘‘8’’’s are more likely to purchase apartments in a floor ending with ‘‘8’’; this sug- gests that at least part of the price premium for ‘‘lucky’’ apartments arises from the buyers’ superstitious beliefs. -
The Role of Translation in the Nobel Prize in Literature : a Case Study of Howard Goldblatt's Translations of Mo Yan's Works
Lingnan University Digital Commons @ Lingnan University Theses & Dissertations Department of Translation 3-9-2016 The role of translation in the Nobel Prize in literature : a case study of Howard Goldblatt's translations of Mo Yan's works Yau Wun YIM Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.ln.edu.hk/tran_etd Part of the Applied Linguistics Commons, and the Translation Studies Commons Recommended Citation Yim, Y. W. (2016). The role of translation in the Nobel Prize in literature: A case study of Howard Goldblatt's translations of Mo Yan's works (Master's thesis, Lingnan University, Hong Kong). Retrieved from http://commons.ln.edu.hk/tran_etd/16/ This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Translation at Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. Terms of Use The copyright of this thesis is owned by its author. Any reproduction, adaptation, distribution or dissemination of this thesis without express authorization is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. THE ROLE OF TRANSLATION IN THE NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE: A CASE STUDY OF HOWARD GOLDBLATT’S TRANSLATIONS OF MO YAN’S WORKS YIM YAU WUN MPHIL LINGNAN UNIVERSITY 2016 THE ROLE OF TRANSLATION IN THE NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE: A CASE STUDY OF HOWARD GOLDBLATT’S TRANSLATIONS OF MO YAN’S WORKS by YIM Yau Wun 嚴柔媛 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Translation LINGNAN UNIVERSITY 2016 ABSTRACT The Role of Translation in the Nobel Prize in Literature: A Case Study of Howard Goldblatt’s Translations of Mo Yan’s Works by YIM Yau Wun Master of Philosophy The purpose of this thesis is to explore the role of the translator and translation in the Nobel Prize in Literature through an illustration of the case of Howard Goldblatt’s translations of Mo Yan’s works. -
Divination, Fate Manipulation and Protective Knowledge in And
Divination, Fate Manipulation and Protective Knowledge In and Around ” The Wedding of the Duke of Zhou and Peach Blossom Girl ” , a Popular Myth of Late Imperial China Vincent Durand-Dastès To cite this version: Vincent Durand-Dastès. Divination, Fate Manipulation and Protective Knowledge In and Around ” The Wedding of the Duke of Zhou and Peach Blossom Girl ” , a Popular Myth of Late Imperial China. Michael Lackner. Coping with the future: theories and practices of divination in East Asia, Brill, 2017, Sinica Leidensia, 9789004346536. hal-01695407 HAL Id: hal-01695407 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01695407 Submitted on 29 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Divination, Fate Manipulation and Protective Knowledge In and Around “The Wedding of the Duke of Zhou and Peach Blossom Girl”, a Popular Myth of Late Imperial China Vincent Durand-Dastès The story of the wedding of Peach blossom girl is a rather peculiar comic and magic narrative of late imperial China, first appearing at the end of the Yuan dynasty and afterwards continually retold and restaged. Its protagonist is a divine fortuneteller named Zhougong 周 公 (literally, “the Duke of Zhou”) who goes down into the world to open a soothsayer shop. -
The Chinese State in Ming Society
The Chinese State in Ming Society The Ming dynasty (1368–1644), a period of commercial expansion and cultural innovation, fashioned the relationship between the present-day state and society in China. In this unique collection of reworked and illustrated essays, one of the leading scholars of Chinese history re-examines this relationship and argues that, contrary to previous scholarship, which emphasized the heavy hand of the state, it was radical responses within society to changes in commercial relations and social networks that led to a stable but dynamic “constitution” during the Ming dynasty. This imaginative reconsideration of existing scholarship also includes two essays first published here and a substantial introduction, and will be fascinating reading for scholars and students interested in China’s development. Timothy Book is Principal of St. John’s College, University of British Colombia. Critical Asian Scholarship Edited by Mark Selden, Binghamton and Cornell Universities, USA The series is intended to showcase the most important individual contributions to scholarship in Asian Studies. Each of the volumes presents a leading Asian scholar addressing themes that are central to his or her most significant and lasting contribution to Asian studies. The series is committed to the rich variety of research and writing on Asia, and is not restricted to any particular discipline, theoretical approach or geographical expertise. Southeast Asia A testament George McT.Kahin Women and the Family in Chinese History Patricia Buckley Ebrey -
Rep.Ort Resumes
REP.ORT RESUMES ED 010 471 48 LANGUAGE AND AREA STUDY PROGRAMSIN AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES. BY MOSES, LARRY OUR. OF INTELLIGENCE AND RESEARCH, WASHINGTON, 0.Ce REPORT NUMBER NDEA VI -34 PUB DATE 64 EDRS PRICEMF40.27HC $7.08 177P. DESCRIPTORS *LANGUAGE PROGRAMS, *AREA STUDIES, *HIGHER EDUCATION, GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS, COURSES, *NATIONAL SURVEYS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, AFRICA, ASIA, LATIN AMERICA, NEAR EAST, WESTERN EUROPE, SOVIET UNION, EASTERN EUROPE . LANGUAGE AND AREA STUDY PROGRAMS OFFERED IN 1964 BY UNITED STATES INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION ARE LISTEDFOR THE AREAS OF (1) AFRICA, (2) ASIA,(3) LATIN AMERICA, (4) NEAR EAST,(5) SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPE, AND (6) WESTERN EUROPE. INSTITUTIONS OFFERING BOTH GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS IN LANGUAGE AND AREA STUDIESARE ALPHABETIZED BY AREA CATEGORY, AND PROGRAM INFORMATIONON EACH INSTITUTION IS PRESENTED, INCLUDINGFACULTY, DEGREES OFFERED, REGIONAL FOCUS, LANGUAGE COURSES,AREA COURSES, LIBRARY FACILITIES, AND.UNIQUE PROGRAMFEATURES. (LP) -,...- r-4 U.,$. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION AND WELFARE I.: 3 4/ N- , . Office of Education Th,0 document has been. reproducedexactly as received from the petson or organization originating it. Pointsof View or opinions CD st4ted do not necessarily representofficial Office of EdUcirtion?' ri pdpition or policy. CD c.3 LANGUAGEAND AREA "Ai STUDYPROGRAMS IN AMERICAN VERSITIES EXTERNAL RESEARCHSTAFF DEPARTMENT OF STATE 1964 ti This directory was supported in part by contract withtheU.S. Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.