with Paleo-Siberian Cognates
Kiadó ' Terjesztés http://www.federatio.org/mikes_bibl.html [email protected] Cím Publisher Distribution http://www.federatio.org/mikes_bibl.html [email protected] Address ISSN 1570-0070 ISBN-13: 978-90-8501-118-7 NUR 616 © Mikes International 2001-2007, Alfréd Tóth 2007, All Rights Reserved
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PUBLISHER ’S PREFACE
‘Hungarian and Eskimo-Aleut — with Paleo-Siberian Cognates’.
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Publisher’s preface...... III 1. Introduction ...... 2 2. Etymological Dictionary ...... 4 3. Conclusions ...... 174 4. Selected Bibliography...... 175 About the author ...... 177
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Marcus Wøldike Ferenc Otrokocsi Fóris Heinrich Julius von Klaproth
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1. Introduction
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2. Etymological Dictionary
Hungarian a, az (definite article) Hungarian ács “carpenter” Hungarian acsari “sour” Hungarian acsarogni “to have a grudge against sb.” Hungarian ádáz “ferocious, fierce, furious” Hungarian adni “to give”
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Hungarian ág “branch” Hungarian agár “greyhound” Hungarian agg “aged, senile, very old; old man” Hungarian agg- “to collapse, to fall down” Hungarian aggódik “to worry” Hungarian agy “brain” Hungarian ágy “bed” ______
Hungarian agyag “clay, loam, potter’ earth; terracotta” Hungarian agyar “fang” Hungarian ágyék “groin, loin” Hungarian ágyú “cannon, gun” Hungarian aj, áj “fissure, slit; ravine, valley”, ajak “lip”, ajazni “to distend, to stretch out, ájó “mark in the form of a half-moon in the ear of cattle”, ajtó “door” Hungarian ajánlani “to commend to sb., to offer, to recommend, to suggest, to dedicate, to propose” Hungarian akadni “to fall into, to get stuck; to occur; to stumble upon”, akasztani “to hang up”
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Hungarian akarni “to want” Hungarian al- “underpart” Hungarian ál- “false, imitation, sham” Hungarian alak “figure, shape” Hungarian áldani “to bless” Hungarian alkotni “to call into begin, to create; to compose, to write; to construct, to form, to make”, alku “trade, business”, alkuszik “to trade”
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Hungarian áll “chin, lower jaw” Hungarian állni “to be, to exist; to stand” Hungarian alma “apple” Hungarian alom “bedding” Hungarian álom “dream, reverie; sleep”, aludni, alsz-, alv- “to sleep” Hungarian ángy “sister-in-law”
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Hungarian anya “mother” Hungarian apa “father” Hungarian apadni “to decrease (moon)”, to ebb, to be on the ebb (of the sea), to fall, to subside (river)” Hungarian ápolni “to take care of” Hungarian ár “flood” ______
Hungarian ár “article of trade, commodity; price” Hungarian ártani “to harm, to hurt” Hungarian ara “fiancée”; daughter-in-law; mother or sister’s brother” Hungarian arány “proportion, rate, ratio” Hungarian aratni “to reap” Hungarian árny “ghost, spectre; shade, shadow” Hungarian árok “ditch”
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Hungarian árva “orphan” Hungarian ásni “to dig” Hungarian ásítani “to yawn” Hungarian aszik “to wither”, aszú “dry” Hungarian ászok “gauntry (for supporting barrels)” Hungarian asszony “lady; queen” Hungarian átkozni “to curse, to scold” Hungarian atya “father”
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Hungarian avik “to grow into, to penetrate”, avatni “to dedicate, to inaugurate; to initiate sb. into sg.; to (pre-)shrink, to sanforize”, avatkozik “to interfere, to meddle” Hungarian ázik “to get wet” Hungarian -ba/-be “into”, -ban/-ben “in”, -ból/-ből “out of”, bel “inner”, bél “intestines” Hungarian bácsi “uncle” Hungarian bágyadni “to become weak; to grow faint” Hungarian baj “ailment, complaint, sickness, bother, vexation; evil, ill, misfortune, trouble; misery, woe”
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Hungarian báj “charm, grace” Hungarian bajusz “mustache” Hungarian bakó “bag, satchel” Hungarian bakó “hangman” Hungarian bal “left” Hungarian ballagni “to move slowely, to wander” Hungarian balta “axe”
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Hungarian bár “albeit, although, notwithstanding” Hungarian bátor “brave” Hungarian bece, boca “calf”, becenév “surname” Hungarian becs “value, worth” Hungarian begy “animal’s stomach” Hungarian béka “frog” Hungarian béklyó “fetter, shackle; hobble”
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Hungarian bélyeg “stamp” Hungarian bér “rent; wages” Hungarian berek “bushes, grove; marshy pasture” Hungarian berke “bud (of a tree)” Hungarian betű “letter, typ” Hungarian beze “gland” Hungarian bíbor “purple, scarlet” Hungarian bicsak, bicska “pocket-knife” Hungarian bilincs “shackles” ______
Hungarian bocsátani “to admit to, to let go” Hungarian bog “bend, knot” Hungarian boglya “hayrick” Hungarian bogrács “cauldron; kettle, stew-pot” Hungarian bogyó “berry” Hungarian bojt “pompon, tassel”
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Hungarian boka “ankle” Hungarian bókolni “to bow, to curtsey” Hungarian bonyolítani “to complicate, to entangle” Hungarian borjú “calf” Hungarian boróka “juniper” Hungarian boszorkány “witch” Hungarian bot “stick”
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Hungarian botorkálni “to stagger/stumble along, to totter” Hungarian bödön “jar” Hungarian bögöly “gadfly, horsefly” Hungarian bölcső “birthplace; cradle” Hungarian bősz “anger”, bőszíteni “to enrage, to make furious” Hungarian bújik, búv- “to creep into, to nestle in, to slip into; to hide”, búvár “diver” Hungarian búcsú “farewell, parting; pilgrimage” Hungarian buga “of small horns, hornless” ______
Hungarian buta “stipid” Hungarian búsz, búz “haze, mist, steam” Hungarian buzogni “to bubble, to sprout, to well” Hungarian buzogány “mace” Hungarian bűbáj “charm”, bűvész “conjurer; magician, wizard”, bűvös “bewitching, charming, enchanting, magical” Hungarian bűn “crime, sin” Hungarian bütyök “bunion; gnarl, knot, lump; knuckle” Hungarian cábár “ill-bred, ill-raised; liberated, released, roaming; prostitute; slovenly, sluttishly; uneducated; vulgar
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Hungarian cemende “dirty, flithy; soiled linnen; prostitute” Hungarian cickány “shrew” Hungarian csabak “a kind of fish” Hungarian csákány, csáklya “pickaxe” Hungarian csalni, cselni “to cheat” Hungarian csapa “trail (of game)” Hungarian csapat “company, troop” Hungarian csapni “to strike”
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Hungarian csarnak “a kind of ferry boat” Hungarian csatak “mush, mud, dirt” Hungarian csatolni “to buckle, to clasp; to bind, to fasten; to annex a territory to (another); to enclose, to inclose” Hungarian csavarni “to screw, to twist” Hungarian csegely “wedge-formed field, isle or meadow” Hungarian cselekedik “to act, to do” Hungarian csendes “quiet, calm, still” Hungarian csepegni “to dribble, to drip, to drop” ______
Hungarian csép “flail, csépelni “to thrash” Hungarian csere “exchange, cserélni “to alter, to exchange” Hungarian cserény “pen” Hungarian csiga “block, pulley; curl, helix; snail; (spinning/whipping) toy top; volute” Hungarian csigolya “osier; vertebra” Hungarian csiholni “to strike (a match)” Hungarian csík “stripe”
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Hungarian csiklandani, csiklandozni “to tickle” Hungarian csillag “star”, csillogni “to shine” Hungarian csillapítani “to appease, to calm, to pacify, to quell; to relieve, to quench, to soothe” Hungarian csípni “to pinch” Hungarian csipa “rheum, secretion of the eyes” Hungarian csipke “thorn; lace”
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Hungarian csipő “hips” Hungarian csir “hinge (e.g. of a door) Hungarian csira “bud, germ, ovum; nucleus” Hungarian csóka “jackdaw” Hungarian csókolni “to kiss”, csók “kiss” Hungarian csokor “bouquet” Hungarian csomó “bundle, knot”, csoma “bulb” (?) Hungarian csont “bone”
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Hungarian csoport “group” Hungarian csög “knot (in wood, etc.) Hungarian csög, csök “root, stump” Hungarian csúcs “point, top (of a hill)” Hungarian csuhé “fishing-net” Hungarian csukni “to close, to shut” Hungarian csuklik “to bend one’s knees (and fall down); to have the hiccups” ______
Hungarian csukorodik “to crouch, to extend, to stretch” Hungarian csupor “small container” Hungarian csücsülni “to sit down” Hungarian csüd, csög, csüg, csűg “bird’s foot; pastern” Hungarian csülök “hoof, hooves” Hungarian csűr “barn” Hungarian dadogni “to stutter”
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Hungarian dagadni “to swell” Hungarian dal “song”, dalolni, danolni “to sing” Hungarian derék “waist” Hungarian dob “drum” Hungarian doboz “box” Hungarian dőlni “to fall, to topple over; to lean, to tilt; to pour (of rain)” Hungarian dugni “to cram, to hide, to put in, to stuff”
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Hungarian dúlni “to devastate, to ravage” Hungarian e-, i-: e, ez “this”; i-tt “here”, i-de “hither”, innen “from here”; í- gy “so”; i-lyen “such as this” Hungarian égni “to burn” Hungarian egy “one; (indefinite article)” Hungarian ék “spike, wedge” Hungarian elő “forward”, el- “away” ______
Hungarian élni “to live”, élelem “food” Hungarian elég “enough; rather” Hungarian elleni “to bear, to bring forth, to droup (young), to give birth (to a litter), to yean” Hungarian ellik “to mount, to ride; to place, to set” Hungarian élvezni “to enjoy” Hungarian emik “to suckle”, eme “female of an animal”, emse “sow” Hungarian én “I”
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Hungarian ének “song” Hungarian enni, esz-, ev- “to eat”, étek, étel “food”, etetni “to feed” Hungarian enyelegni “to chatter, to gossip, to talk; to flirt; to dawdle, to loaf, to lunge” Hungarian enyh “reconciliation; relief, soothing” Hungarian epe “gall” Hungarian ér “vein; source, well, brook” ______
Hungarian érni “to attain, to reach; to touch” Hungarian esik “to fall”, ejteni “to drop” Hungarian esketni “to marry”, eskü “oath” Hungarian ész “mind” Hungarian ev “matter, pus” Hungarian evet “squirrel”
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Hungarian evezni “to row” Hungarian fa “tree; wood” Hungarian facsarni “to wring; to wring out” Hungarian fagyal “privet” Hungarian fagyni “to freeze” Hungarian fágyni “to roll into a ball” ______
Hungarian faggyú “suet, tallow” Hungarian fáj “hurt, pain” Hungarian fajd “wood grouse” Hungarian fakadni “to blossom” Hungarian fal “wall” Hungarian falni “to devour”, falat “morsel” Hungarian falu “village”
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Hungarian fan “down, hair” Hungarian far “bottom, rear; rump, stern” Hungarian faragni “to carve, to cut, to whittle (wood), to hew, to trim”, forgács “wood splinters” Hungarian fasz “man; penis”
Hungarian fazék “pot”
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Hungarian fedni “to cover”, fedél “cover, covering; roof” Hungarian feddeni “to rebuke, to reproach”, fegyelem “discipline”, fegyver “weapon” Hungarian fejni “to milk” Hungarian fejsze “axe” Hungarian fejteni “to unstitch, to undo, to remove the husk/pod” Hungarian fék “brake; fetter” Hungarian fekély, fekel “chancre, ulcer” ______
Hungarian fekete “black” Hungarian fekszik, feküd-, fekv- “to be situated, to lie” Hungarian fel, föl “above, up, upper”, föl- “skimmings”, fenn “above” Hungarian fél-: ajtófél “doorpost” Hungarian félni “to be afraid/scared” Hungarian fél, fele- “fellow human, friend”, feleség “wife” ______
Hungarian fél “half; one side (of two)” Hungarian felhő “cloud” Hungarian fém “metal”, fémlik “to shine”, fény “light” Hungarian fenni “to hone, to sharpen, to whet; to rub in” Hungarian fene “damned, devilish, infernal” Hungarian féreg “noxious animal; vermin; worm” ______
Hungarian férfi “man”, férj “husband”, fiú “boy, son” Hungarian férni “to arrive, to reach; to fit, to have room” Hungarian feslik “to become unsewn; to burst” Hungarian festeni “to paint” Hungarian fészek “nest” Hungarian feszíteni “to tighten (tr.)”, feszülni “to tighten (itr.)”
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Hungarian figyelni “to notice, to observe, to pay attention” Hungarian fog “tooth” Hungarian fogni “to catch”, fogoly “prisonner”, fogadni “to take”, foglalni “to occupy, to seize” Hungarian fogyni “to decrease, to diminish, to lessen, to wane; to loose weight” Hungarian fojtani “to drown; to strangle”, fúlni “to suffocate”
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Hungarian folyik “to flow, to run, to stream; to ensue, to follow, to go on, to be in progress”, folyó, folyam “river, stream”, folytatni “to continue, to go ahead/on, to run on; to extend, to prolong, to follow, to lead (a life), to pursue, to wage (a war) Hungarian fordítani “to turn (tr.)”, fordulni “to revolve, to turn (itr.)”, forogni “to turn (itr.)” Hungarian forrani “to boil”, forradalom “revolt, revolution, uprising”, forradás “scar” Hungarian fos “thin, liquid excrement” Hungarian foszlik “to fray, to get threadbare/tattered”
Hungarian fő, fej “main; head”
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Hungarian főlni, főzni “to cook, to heat” Hungarian fú “a species of waterfowl” Hungarian fújni “to blow” Hungarian fullánk “dart, sting” Hungarian fúrni “to bore, to drill” ______
Hungarian futni “to run” Hungarian fül “ear” Hungarian fűlik “to become warm, to heat” Hungarian fürdik “to bathe, to take a bath” Hungarian fürt “bunch of grapes; bundle; tuft of hair, tress” Hungarian füst “smoke” Hungarian fűzni “to bind (e.g. flowers into wreaths), to knit, to lace, to fasten; to sew, to stitch (of books)”
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Hungarian fűz “osier; willow” Hungarian gamó, kamó, kajmó, kampó “crook, hook”, gáncs “click, trip (with a leg)”, gönc “odds and ends; old clothing that is bound into a knot”, gomb “button; knob”, gomba “mushroom”, gombóc “ball; dumpling”, gombolyag “ball, clew, coil; cop, hank, reel, skein”, gomoly “isolated mass of cloud, fog or smoke”, gomolyogni “to puff up, to wreathe (of smoke)”; to swirl, to whirl (of clouds)”, göb “little bundle or knot”, gömb “ball, orb; globe; sphere”, gömbölyű “rounded”, göncölni “to cram, to press, to stuff”, göngyölíteni “to roll into a cylinder shape”, gubancolni “to entangle”, homorú “concave, hollow”, homp “clod of earth”, kanyar “bend (in a river, etc.), kanyarítani “to bend”, konya “bent downward”, konyulni “to bend down”, kunkorodik “to curl (of hair)” Gönc(z)ölszekér Hungarian gar “arrogant, disdainful, haughty, presumptuous”
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Hungarian gatya “linen trousers worn by peasants; underwear” Hungarian gebe “worn-out horse” Hungarian gége “windpipe” Hungarian gerinc “spine” Hungarian gödény “pelican” Hungarian görcs “gnarl, knot; spasm”
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Hungarian gördíteni “to push, to roll, to wheel”, gördülni “to move, to roll (along), to travel, to trundle; to revolve, to turn” Hungarian görény “skunk” Hungarian gügyü “a little part of mown grass; a handful; reed-bundle ready for the stove” Hungarian gyakni “to hit” Hungarian gyakor “numerous”, gyakori “frequent, repeated”, gyakorolni “to practise” Hungarian gyalulni “to cut, to slice; to plane; to shred” Hungarian gyanú “suspicion” ______
Hungarian gyarmat “colony”, gyarapodik “to grow strong”, gyarapítani “to add to, to enlarge, to increase” Hungarian gyékény “bulrush, matgrass; doormat, matting” Hungarian gyenge “weak” Hungarian gyep “lawn”, gyepű “hedge(row), fence” Hungarian gyér “scarse” Hungarian gyerek, gyermek “child” Hungarian gyom “weed”
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Hungarian gyomor “stomach” Hungarian gyónik “to confess (to a priest)” Hungarian gyopár “cudweed” Hungarian gyors “fast, quick” Hungarian gyökér “root” Hungarian gyöngy “bead; bubble; pearl”, gyönyörú Hungarian gyönyörű “splendid” Hungarian gyötörni “to agonize; torment, to torture; to trouble, to worry” Hungarian győzni “to win, to triumph” ______
Hungarian gyúrni “to knead, to press” Hungarian gyűjteni “to collect, to gather” ı Hungarian gyűlölni “to hate” Hungarian gyümölcs “fruit” Hungarian gyűrű “dogberry bush; maple tree” Hungarian gyűrű “ring” Hungarian gyűszű “thimble” Hungarian hab “foam”
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Hungarian had “army; host” Hungarian hadarni “to speak quickly and incomprehensibily” Hungarian hágni “to ascend” Hungarian hagyni “to leave, to let” Hungarian hagyapni “to spit; to kiss” Hungarian hagy-, in: hagymáz “spotted fever”
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Hungarian hagyma “onion” Hungarian haj “hair” Hungarian háj “blubber; leaf-lard” Hungarian hajítani “to throw, to toss”, hajlik “to bend (itr.)”, hajolni “to bend down”, gacos “club-footed”, kajcsos “bent, curved; knock- kneed”, kajla “bent down” Hungarian hajnal “dawn”
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Hungarian hajó “ship” Hungarian hajtani “to drive, to lead” Hungarian hal “fish” Hungarian halni “to die” Hungarian hálni “to sleep” Hungarian haladni “to depart, to proceed” Hungarian halk, halok “incision, notch in a tree that is being cut down” ______
Hungarian hallani (< *hadl-) “to hear” Hungarian háló “net” Hungarian halom, halm- “hill; heap” Hungarian hályog “film, skin” Hungarian hám “cuticle, peel”, hámlik “to cover, to wrap”
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Hungarian hamu “ash” Hungarian hant “clod, lump of earth; grave”, hany “clod, lump of earth; marsh, moor, swamp” Hungarian hányni “to cast, to fling; to throw, to toss; to vomit” ı Hungarian hanyagni “to be careless, indifferent, negligent” Hungarian hany-att “supine; on one’s back” Hungarian harács “a kind of tax; booty”, harácsolni “to gather up, to amass”
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Hungarian harag “anger” Hungarian harang “curch bell” Hungarian harap “a dry fallen leaf” Hungarian harapni “to bite” Hungarian harkály “woodpecker” Hungarian harmat “dew”
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fagyni Hungarian három Hungarian hárs “lime/linden tree” Hungarian hárulni “to fall to the lot/share (of sb.)”, hárítani “to refuse, to defend” Hungarian has “belly” Hungarian hasadni “to burst, to crack”, hasítani “to cleave, to split”
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Hungarian használni “to use”, haszon “advantage, benefit; gain, profit” Hungarian hatni “to affect, to impress, to influence”, határ “border” Hungarian hat “six” Hungarian hát “back” Hungarian hattyú “swan” gödény Hungarian ház “house”
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Hungarian hazudik “to lie, to tell a lie” Hungarian hegy “mountain” Hungarian héj “bark, crust, shell” Hungarian hekus “cop, bull” Hungarian henyélni “to dawdle, to idle, to lounge” Hungarian here “drone; testicle” ______
Hungarian here “clover”, tyúk-húr “chickweed” Hungarian herélni “to castrate” Hungarian hervadni “to wilt, to wither” Hungarian hés “bridegroom, wooer; hero; young man”, hős “hero” Hungarian hév, hé, hő “ardour; heat, warmth” Hungarian hiba “fault, mistake”, hibázik “to make a mistake, to be mistaken”, hibáztatni “to rebuke”, hibbant “crazy, foolish, mad”
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Hungarian híd “bridge” Hungarian hím “masculine” here Hungarian hír “fame; news” Hungarian hiu “attic, garret, loft; breach, gap” Hungarian hívni “to call; to invite” Hungarian hízelegni “to adulate; to flatter”, hízeledik “id.”, hízik “to gain weight; to gloat over sg.”
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Hungarian ho-: hogy “how”, hol “where”, honnan “whence”, hová “wither”, ha “if” Hungarian hó, hava- “snow” Hungarian hó-nap “month”, hold, hód “moon” Hungarian hód “beaver” Hungarian holló “raven” ______
Hungarian hol “dawn”, in: hol-nap “tomorrow (nap “day”) Hungarian hólyag “bladder” Hungarian homály “dim, darkness” Hungarian hombár “granary” Hungarian homlítani “to lay (seeds, etc.), homlok “forehead”, homorú “concave, hollow” Hungarian homok “sand, dust” hamu
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Hungarian hon “homeland”, honn “at home”, itt-hon “(here) at home”, ott- hon (there) at home” Hungarian hón “shoulder” Hungarian hordani “to carry” Hungarian horkolni “to snore” Hungarian hornyolni “to incise, to notch” Hungarian hor-hó “cleft, narrow passage”
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Hungarian horolni “to graze, to scratch”, horzsolni “id.” Hungarian hossz-ú “long” Hungarian hozni “to bring, to carry, to convey, to fetch; to bring forth, to produce; to bring in, to yield”, -hoz/-hez/-höz, hozzá “to/towards sb. Hungarian hölgy “lady; ermine” Hungarian húg “younger sister” Hungarian húgy “star”
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Hungarian húgy “urine”, húgyozik “to urinate” Hungarian hullani “to die; to drop down/off, to fall off; to flow, to fall out”, hulla “corpse”, hullám “wave” Hungarian hunyni “to turn a blind eye; to close or cover the eyes in a game of hide-and-seek; to die” Hungarian hupolyag “bubble-shaped swelling; bulge on a tree; pustule” Hungarian húr “intestine; string”, hurka “intestine; sausage made from intestines” Hungarian hurok “loop, noose, sling, slip-knot; mesh, snare” ______
Hungarian húzni “to pull” Hungarian hűlni “to cool (itr.)”, hűteni “to cool (tr.)”, hűvös “cool” Hungarian hüvely “pod; sheath, vagina” Hungarian ia: iafia “child” Hungarian ibrik “mug, pot” Hungarian ici: ici-pici “itsy-bitsy, very small” Hungarian ideg “nerve; bowstring” Hungarian idő “time”
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Hungarian i-fyú “young; a youth” Hungarian igaz “authentic, genuine, real, true, veritable; honest, just, loyal, straight, true; truth” Hungarian ige “verb; word” Hungarian igen “yes” Hungarian ígérni “to promise” Hungarian íj “bow”, ív “arch, bend” Hungarian iker “twins”
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Hungarian iktatni “to intervene; to note down, to register, to take the minutes (down); to put in, to set up” Hungarian ildomos “becoming, courteous, tactful” Hungarian illik “to belong to, to be someone’s right; to concern, to refer, to relate; to be decent” Hungarian illik “to disappear; to decay, to fall to pieces”, illat “odour, perfume” Hungarian imádni “to adore, to worship”, ima “prayer”, imádkozik “to pray” ______
Hungarian ím, ime “ecce” Hungarian ín “sinew” Hungarian indítani “to initiate, to get underway, to set off; to set in motion, to start”, indulni “to start (itr.)” Hungarian ing, ümög “chemise, slip; shirt” Hungarian ingerelni “to excite, to stimulate; to irritate, to nettle, to vex” Hungarian inká-bb “more, rather, sooner” Hungarian inni, iszik, iv- “to drink” ______
Hungarian ínség “dearth, want; distress, misery, need, penury, poverty; famine, hunger, starvation” Hungarian inteni “to admonish, to exhort; to beckon, to make a sign; to warn against; motion, nod, wave, wink Hungarian íny “gums, palate” Hungarian ipa “father-in-law” Hungarian ipar “handicraft; industry”, iparkodik “to take trouble, to make an effort” Hungarian ír “balm, ointment” ______
Hungarian ír “root” Hungarian írni “to write” Hungarian iramlik “to hurry, to run, to rush, to scurry, to sweep”, iramodik “to start to hurry; to run after sb.” Hungarian ir-: iránt “about, for, in the direction of, to, toward(s); opposite, facing” Hungarian irgalom “compassion, mercy, pity”, irgalmas “merciful, pitiful” Hungarian irigy “envious”
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Hungarian iró “buttermilk” Hungarian irtani (< ortani) “to exterminate (insects, pests); to clear, to root out” Hungarian ismerni “to know, to get to know” Hungarian isten “god” Hungarian isz, ísz, iz “bane, canker; a kind of gum disorder in children that soon hinders speech” Hungarian ívik “to copulate (especially of fish), to pair, to spawn”
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Hungarian íz “taste; jam”, ízes “tasty; with jam, sweet” Hungarian íz “limb, particle”, izmos “muscular”, izom “muscle” Hungarian izé “something, ‘watchamacallit’” Hungarian izzadni “to sweat”, izzik “to be glowing” Hungarian járni “to go; to travel” Hungarian ját “close friend; namesake” Hungarian játszik “to play (e.g. a game, a musical instrument, with a toy, etc.) ______
Hungarian jég, gyég “ice” Hungarian jegy “mark, sign; ticket”, jel “mark, signal” Hungarian jó “good”, jól “well” Hungarian jó, -jó “river, creek” Hungarian jonh (< *juχun [?]) “belly, guts; interior; body-soul” ______
Hungarian jönni, gyönni, jöv- “to come” Hungarian juh “ewe, sheep” Hungarian jutni “to arrive, to come; to attain, to come by, to get at; to become” Hungarian kabak, kobak “skull; pumpkin; pear” Hungarian kacs “a narrow clinging shoot or sprout, tendril; loop, noose” Hungarian kacsa “duck” ______
Hungarian kádár “cooper; a kind of chieftain or priest who is a dignitary” Hungarian káka “(bul)rush, reed” Hungarian kalauz “conductor (of a streetcar or train); guide Hungarian kallantyú “bolt, latch (of a door); fastener; hook” Hungarian kallódik “to be thrown about (in neglect), to decay and perish (by degrees), to get lost” Hungarian kalokány, karakány, kolokány, karlokány “a prickly grass that grows in lakes, aloe” Hungarian kalpag “a kind of rimless fur headgear; hat” Hungarian kancsó “jug, pitcher; tankard” ______
Hungarian kancsuka “knout” Hungarian kánya “milan” Hungarian kantár “bridle, reins” Hungarian kanyaró “measles” Hungarian kapni “to get, to receive; to grasp, to grab” Hungarian kapu “gate” Hungarian kar “arm”
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Hungarian kár “loss, damage; too bad!, what a pity!” Hungarian karám “(sheep-)pen” Hungarian karó “post, prop, stake, stick, support” Hungarian karom “claw”, köröm “nail, claw” Hungarian karvaly “sparrow-hawk” Hungarian kása “mush” ______
Hungarian kászu “a little container or pot made of bark” Hungarian katáng “a plant with sky-blue coloured flowers arranged in a nest-like shape, cichory” Hungarian kazán “boiler” Hungarian -ke (diminutive suffix) Hungarian kéd-: ekkédig “until now” Hungarian kedv “mood”, kedves “nice, friendly”, kedvenc “favourite”, kegy “favour, mercy”, kegyelni “to love, to like”
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Hungarian kégy “arena, circle, stadium” Hungarian kéj “delight, pleasure; lechery, lust”, kény “arbitrariness; lust” Hungarian kék “blue” Hungarian kelni “to arise, to ascend; to go, to start traveling” Hungarian kelengye “dowry” Hungarian kelleni “to be needed, to be necessary”
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Hungarian kém “spy” Hungarian kemény “solid” Hungarian kémény “chimney” Hungarian kende “the head of the Magyar confederation in the 8th and 9th centuries A.D.), kend “you (ancient and rural formal address)” Hungarian kengyel “stirrup” Hungarian kenyér “bread” Hungarian kény-szer “compulsion”, kény-szeríteni “to compel, to force, to oblige, to press” ______
Hungarian kép “picture” Hungarian kepe “shock (of corn)” Hungarian kér “membrane (of brain, belly)”, kéreg “bark” Hungarian kérni “to ask for, to look for” Hungarian kerek “round”, kerék “wheel”, keríteni “to enclose, to fence in”, kert “garden”, kerülni “to avoid; to go in a roundabout route” Hungarian kérész “mayfly” Hungarian kés “knife”
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Hungarian késa “a provincial term used to describe legal battles over territory near rivers”, késálni, késálkodik “to fight, to struggle, to battle” Hungarian keseregni “to grieve over sth.”, kesergő “dirge, lament”, keseríteni “to embitter”, kesernyés “tart”, keserű “bitter” Hungarian keshedni “to become frayed/threadbare, to wear out” Hungarian késik “to be late” Hungarian keskeny “narrow” keshedni Hungarian kész “finished, ready; prepared (to), ready (to); obliging, willing” Hungarian keszeg “bream; extremely thin” ______
Hungarian két, kettő “two” Hungarian kéve “sheaf” Hungarian kevés “few; small” Hungarian kéz “hand” Hungarian kezdeni “to begin, to start, to lead off” ______
Hungarian ki “out”, kinn “outside”, kívül “outside; without (derivative)” Hungarian ki “who” Hungarian kicsi, kicsiny, kis “small” Hungarian kígyó “snake” Hungarian kilenc “nine” (< kil-, kül- to kí-vül “outside” + -nc “ten”?)
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Hungarian kímélni “to save, to spare, to protect” Hungarian kín “pain” Hungarian kincs “treasure” Hungarian kísérni “to accompany, to escort, to follow”, kísérlet “experiment”, kísérteni “to seduce; to haunt”, kísértet “ghost” Hungarian kívánni “to wish” Hungarian koboz “a kind of four- or five-stringed lute/lyre-like instrument of old Hungary” Hungarian kóc “tow”, kócos “dishevelled, tousled, unkempt”
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Hungarian kocsány “stalk, stem (of a blossom)” Hungarian kókadni “to fade, to wither; to bend down faded” Hungarian komócsin “Phleum pratense, a sweet-grass” Hungarian konda “swineherd” Hungarian koppintani, koppantani “to knock, to tap; to wolf down (food); to extinguish (a candle) Hungarian kopó “hound, foxhound; detective, sleuth” Hungarian koporsó “casket, coffin”
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Hungarian kor “age; epoch, era, period, time” Hungarian kor “ill; illness”
Hungarian korbács “scourge” Hungarian korcs “bastard, half-breed, freak, mongrel; crippled, freakish; degenerate; hybrid” Hungarian kóró “thistle; stalk” Hungarian korom “soot” Hungarian korsó “beer glass, tankard (1/2 liter)” Hungarian kosár “basket”
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Hungarian kosz “dirt; scab, scabies” Hungarian kő, köv- “stone” Hungarian köcsög “milk-jug; mug, pot” Hungarian köd “fog” Hungarian ködmön “a kind of overcoat made of fur” Hungarian kökény “blackthorn, wild-plum” Hungarian kökörcsin “anemone”
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Hungarian kölcsön “loan” Hungarian köldök “navel” Hungarian kölyök, kölök “puppy” Hungarian kölyű “hand-mill” Hungarian könnyű “easy, light; thin” Hungarian könyök “elbow” Hungarian könyörögni “to beg, to supplicate” Hungarian könyv “book” ______
Hungarian köpönyeg “cloak, gown; mantle, cape, wrap” Hungarian köpű “beehive; churn”, köpűlni “to churn” Hungarian kör “circle”, köré “around, about”, körül “close, nearby”, környék “environs, surroundings” Hungarian kőris “ash” Hungarian kőrő “brittle, crumbly, fragile” Hungarian köszörülni “to whet, to grind” Hungarian köszvény “gout” ______
Hungarian kötni “to bind, to fasten, to tie” Hungarian köveszteni “to (par)boil bacon” Hungarian követni “to accompany, to follow” . ici Hungarian kullogni “to stroll, to saunter” Hungarian kupak “cap, bowl; cover, hood, piece; lid”
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Hungarian kúszik “to climb; to crawl, to creep” Hungarian kút “well” Hungarian kutak “small, tiny” Hungarian kutya “dog” Hungarian küllő “spoke (of a wheel)” Hungarian kürni “to bind, to tie, to be bound in the yoke (of oxen)” Hungarian küsz “a kind of freshwater fish, Alburnus alburnus” Hungarian küszöb “threshold, doorstep” Hungarian küzdeni “to battle, to fight, to contend, to strive for” ______
Hungarian láb “foot, leg” Hungarian lágy “mild; soft”, langyos “lukewarm; mild, slack, soft” Hungarian lak “dwelling”, lakik “to dwell”, lakás “apartment”, lakat “door- lock” Hungarian láng “flame” Hungarian lankadni “to droop, to flag; to wilt, to wither”, lanyhulni “to become tepid; to weaken” Hungarian lap “page; sheet; flat surface” Hungarian láp “marshy meadow; moor” ______
Hungarian lapát “shovel” Hungarian lassú “slow” Hungarian látni “to see” Hungarian laza “loose, slack” Hungarian le- “to become; to be, shall be, will be” Hungarian le-: leány, lány “girl” ______
Hungarian le- (< lewe) “down (prefix)”, lenn, lent “below, down” Hungarian lé, levet “juice”, leves “broth, soup” Hungarian lebegni “to float, to hover; to hang”, lobogni “to blaze; to blow”, lobogó “flag” Hungarian leg- “most, -(e)st (superlative suffix), legesleg- (elative suffix) Hungarian légy “fly”
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Hungarian lék (< weyk) “hole in the ice; leak” Hungarian lelni “to find” Hungarian lélek “soul, spirit, breath-soul (vs. body-soul, cf. jonh)”, lélegzik “to breathe” Hungarian lépni “to step, to take a step, to tread; to move; to play (e.g. a chess-piece) Hungarian lép “milt, spleen” Hungarian lepke “butterfly” ______
Hungarian lesni “to lurk, to keep watch on, to spy, to watch” Hungarian levél “leaf, sheet; letter” Hungarian lidérc, lüdérc “demon, will-o’-the-wisp” Hungarian liszt “flour” Hungarian lódítani “to throw”, lógni “to dangle, to hang down, to swing”
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Hungarian lom “broken ice floating in a river in spring; hoar-frost on trees; mud, slime, sludge; urine; junk, rubbish” Hungarian lőni, löv- “to shoot, to fling” Hungarian lökni “to cast, to fling, to throw, to toss; to give a push or shove, to knock, to push, to thrust” Hungarian lúd “goose” Hungarian lyuk “cavern, den, pit; aperture, hole, opening” Hungarian -mad- (ordinal number suffix)
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Hungarian mag “grain, seed; gist, pith, core, the main point”, mag- (reflexive pronoun), magas “high”, magasztalni “to praise highly” Hungarian máj “liver” Hungarian makacs “obstinate” Hungarian mál “slope of a mountain; belly part of the skin of an animal” Hungarian malát, malád “a bushy or grassy area after the return of a flooding” Hungarian málha “luggage” Hungarian mámoros “ecstatic; drunk, wrecked” ______
Hungarian marha “cattle; property” Hungarian marni “to bite, to gnaw” Hungarian mar “withers (on an horse’s back)” Hungarian maradni “to stay” Hungarian mart “bank, beach, shore; edge or side of a ditch; ravine, hillside, brow of a hill”, part “bank, shore” Hungarian mártani “to douse, to souse; to immerse, to plunge”
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Hungarian más “other”, másik “the second” Hungarian -máz: hagymáz “spotted fever” Hungarian meg “and, but, then, thus”, meg- (aoristic prefix, sometimes also indicating the return of an action), mögé “to the back”, mögött “behind”, mögül “from behind, from the back” Hungarian menni, megy, mé-sz “to go” Hungarian meggy “sour-cherry” ______
Hungarian méh “bee” Hungarian meleg “warm” Hungarian mell “bosom, breast, chest; bust” Hungarian méltó “deserving of, fit to, worthy of; fair, just; worthy of sb. Hungarian mély “deep” Hungarian mely “which”, melyik “which one”, mennyi “how much”, mi “what”, mikor “when” Hungarian mén “stallion”
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Hungarian mén “sweep of a well” Hungarian menekedni, menekülni “to escape”, menteni “to resue” Hungarian meny “daughter-in-law” Hungarian meny: menyhal “burbot” Hungarian menny “heaven”, mennyezet “ceiling” Hungarian menyülni: kimenyülni “to be/to become dislocated, sprained” ______
Hungarian merni “dare, to make bold, to venture” Hungarian merni “to dip, to immerse, to plunge” Hungarian mérni “to measure” meredni Hungarian meredni “to become fixed; to fix; to gaze, to stare; to rise; to stand out, to stand up”, meredek “steep”, meredt “stiff” Hungarian méreg “poison; anger” Hungarian mese “fairy tale”
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Hungarian messze “far” Hungarian mét: métháló “driftnet made from stalks” Hungarian méz “honey” Hungarian mező “domain, range, field”, mez “cloth”, meztelen “naked” Hungarian mi “we” Hungarian mi “what”
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Hungarian mohó “avid, greedy, eager” Hungarian mondani “to say, to speak” Hungarian mony “egg; penis” Hungarian mór, mor: mórágy, morágy “kind of forest” Hungarian mosni “to wash” Hungarian mosolyogni “to smile” ______
Hungarian mozogni “to move”, mozdulni “to begin to move” Hungarian múlik “to elapse, to go by”, mulatni “to spend time, to entertain oneself” Hungarian murcos “dirty, muddy” Hungarian mutni, mutatni “to show, to demonstrate” Hungarian mű, műv- “handicraft, work; opus” Hungarian -(e/o/ö)n (superessive suffix, e.g. ház-on “on a house”, ház “house”) - Hungarian nagy “big, tall” ______
Hungarian -nál/-nél (adessive suffix), nála “at/by him/her/it” Hungarian nap “sun; day” Hungarian napa “mother-in-law” Hungarian nem, ne “not” Hungarian -nak/-nek (dative and directional suffix), neki “to him/her/it” Hungarian néni “aunt”, néne “older sister” ______
Hungarian nép “people, folk” ember Hungarian név “name” Hungarian nevetni, mövetni “to laugh” Hungarian nézni “to watch, to glance”, néző “augur (person)”
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Hungarian -nól/-nől, -núl/-nűl “from”, -nott/-nitt/-nött “at” (adessive- /allative-locative) Hungarian nő “woman” Hungarian nyak “neck” Hungarian nyalni “to lick” Hungarian nyál “saliva; slime, mucus”
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Hungarian nyaláb “armful, bundle, faggot, file, truss” (< nyolc “eight” + -áb [nominal suffix]) Hungarian nyár “summer” Hungarian nyárs “spear, spit” Hungarian nyék “game preserve; neighborhood; pen, stable” Hungarian nyelni “to swallow”
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Hungarian nyelv “tongue; language” Hungarian nyerni “to win” Hungarian nyereg “saddle” Hungarian nyers “raw” Hungarian nyesni “to trim, to prune” Hungarian nyest “marten”, nyuszt “id.” Hungarian nyíl “arrow”
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Hungarian nyír “birch; reed, sprout, stalk (of reeds); twig” Hungarian nyír “the frog in the horsehoof” Hungarian nyírni “to cut, to lop, to trim, to prune” Hungarian nyirkos “humid” Hungarian nyom “footprint’, nyomni “to press”
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Hungarian nyugszik, nyugod-, nyugv- “to rest”, nyugodt “quiet, calm”, nyugat “west” Hungarian nyújtani “to offer; to lengthen”, nyúlik “to seize, to grab” Hungarian nyúl “hare”, nyuszi “little hare; rabbit” Hungarian nyúzni “to skin an animal” Hungarian nyű “maggot” Hungarian nyűni “to pull out/up; to wear down/out/threadbare” Hungarian ocsú “refuse of wheat, tailings”
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Hungarian odor “cavity; lateral room in a barn”, odros “glutton”, odú “hollow, cavity”, odvas “hollow” Hungarian ok “cause, reason, motive”, okos “bright, reasonable”, okoskodik “to brood, to muse”, okozni “to cause” Hungarian okádni “to throw up, to puke” Hungarian oldani (< ovdani) “to loosen, to open, to unravel” Hungarian oltani “to graft (of plants); to inculcate/instill in sb.; to inoculate, to vaccinate; to quench (of thirst)”
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Hungarian olvadni “to melt” Hungarian omlik “to crumble, to fall into pieces”, ömlik, ömölni “to flow, stream”, ontani “to pour out” Hungarian ondó “semen, sperm” Hungarian orr “nose” Hungarian orsó “arbor, bolt, pin, reel, shaft, spindle; bobbin, spool” Hungarian orv “sinister, sneaky; thief”
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Hungarian orvos “physician” Hungarian óvni “to advise sb. not to do sth., to caution/warn sb. against sth.; to guard (against, from), to protect (against/from), to save from” Hungarian ő “he, she” Hungarian őblíteni “to rinse” Hungarian öböl “bay, creek, gulf, inlet; bosom, cavity, hollow” Hungarian öcs “younger brother”, öcsi “little friend”
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Hungarian ölni “to kill” Hungarian ölteni “to stitch” Hungarian ölyv “hawk, buzzard” Hungarian ördög “demon, devil” Hungarian öreg “old” régi Hungarian örök “eternal”, örökös “eternal; heir”, örökölni “to inherite”, örökség “inheritance” Hungarian őrölni “to grind”
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Hungarian öröm “joy”, örülni “to be glad” Hungarian őrülni “to make crazy/furious/mad” Hungarian örv “collar (for dogs); verticil, whorl” Hungarian ős “ancestor; ancient” Hungarian ősz “autumn” Hungarian pajtás “bud, chum, companion, comrade, fellow, mate, pal” Hungarian para “light piece of wood on the edge of the fishing net that prevents it from sinking”
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Hungarian paskolni “to clap, to slap, to hit” Hungarian patak “brook” Hungarian peregni “to move in a circle, to rate” Hungarian perem “edge, rim, margin, seam”
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Hungarian pír “flush of dusk; red colour”, pirítani “to toast, to roast”, piros “red” Hungarian pohár “glass, tankard” Hungarian ponk “hillock, little hill” Hungarian por “dust; powder” Hungarian pödörni “to twirl, to twist”
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Hungarian pökni, köpni “to spit” Hungarian rab “captive, prisoner” Hungarian ragyogni “to glitter, to shine” Hungarian ránc “fold, plait, pleat; wrinkle” Hungarian ravasz “cunning, shrewd, sly” Hungarian reg, reggel “morning”, rég “long ago”, régi “old”, rögtön “immediately”
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Hungarian rejteni “to hide, to conceal”, rejlik “to be hidden” Hungarian rém “apparition, ghost”, rémálom “nightmare”, rémíteni “to frighten” Hungarian repedni “to crack, to burst” Hungarian repíteni “to sling, to throw”, repülni “to fly (itr.)” Hungarian rés “fissure; hole, opening” Hungarian rész “part, piece, section” ______
Hungarian révület “ecstasy, trance” Hungarian rezegni “to quiver, to shake, to tremble” Hungarian ríni, rív- “to cry, to howl”, rivallni “to cry out; to shrill” Hungarian róni, rov- “to carve, to engrave, to notch”, rovásírás “Magyar runic writing” Hungarian rogyni “to fall” Hungarian ró-ka “fox” (-ka is diminutive suffix, cf. EWU, p. 1275)
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Hungarian rokkanni “to descend continuously closer”, rokkant “crippled, disabled; invalid” Hungarian rokon “relative, kin” (-n is a locative deverbative or denominative noun suffix) Hungarian romlik “to crumble, to fall into pieces” omlik Hungarian rongy “rag, clout, floor cloth” omlik Hungarian rohadni, roshadni, rossadni, rothadni “to rot, to decay” omlik
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Hungarian rossz “bad, evil, ill, vicious, wicked” omlik Hungarian rövid “short” Hungarian rúgni “to kick” Hungarian rút “base, mean; hideous, ugly” Hungarian rügy “bud, burgeon” Hungarian ság “forest, grove; hill, mountain” Hungarian -ság/-szág/-ség (derivational suffix)
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Hungarian sajtó “press” Hungarian sápadni, sápulni “to turn pale” Hungarian sár “dirt, mud”, sárga “yellow” Hungarian sarj “bud, shoot, sprout; descendant, offspring” Hungarian sárkány “dragon” Hungarian sárlik “to be in heat, to rut (horse) Hungarian sarló “sickle”
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Hungarian saru “cradle, rocker; sandal, shoe” Hungarian sas “eagle” Hungarian sátor “tent” Hungarian savanyú “sour” Hungarian seb “bruise, hurt, injury, sore, stab, wound” Hungarian séd “rivulet, steam” Hungarian ség “hill, mountain” Hungarian segéd “assistant”, segíteni “to help”
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Hungarian segg “buttock” Hungarian sellő “mermaid; rapid” Hungarian seperni, söpörni “to sweep”, seprő “broom” Hungarian seprő “lees (of wine)” Hungarian sereg “army” Hungarian sérteni “to insult; to wound”, sérik “to be in pain, to suffer”, sérelem “affront, insult”
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Hungarian seríteni “to turn, to twist” Hungarian serke “nit” Hungarian serkedni “to begin to grow, to sprout” Hungarian serte, sörte “bristle” Hungarian sietni “to hurry” Hungarian sík “flat ground” Hungarian sima “even, plain, smooth” Hungarian sínylik “to pain; to suffer”, sínylődik “to languish, to long for, to pine away, to vegetate”
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Hungarian sír “grave, tomb” Hungarian sírni “to weep, to cry” Hungarian só “salt” Hungarian sodorni “to turn, to twist” Hungarian sóhajtani “to sigh” Hungarian sok “much, many” Hungarian sólyom “falcon” ______
Hungarian som “cornel, dogberry” Hungarian sorvadni “to have atrophy, to decline, to pine/waste away” Hungarian sovány “lean, meager, thin” Hungarian sőreg “sterlet” Hungarian sügér “perch” Hungarian süket “deaf” Hungarian sün, sül “porcupine”, sün-disznó “hedgehog” (disznó “swine”) ______
Hungarian süllő “zander, pike-perch” Hungarian süly “scurvy; tumor” Hungarian süppedni “to give way, to sink, to subside” Hungarian sűrű “close, compact, dense, thick” Hungarian sütni “to bake, to broil; to shine (sun)”; sülni “to be baked, to be boiled” Hungarian süv “uncle; brother-in-law”
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Hungarian süveg “high (fur-)cap” Hungarian szabni “to cut” Hungarian szád “river-mouth”, száj “mouth” Hungarian szádok(fa), száldok, szaldék(fa) “linden tree” (fa “tree”) Hungarian szag “odour, scent, smell” illik illat Hungarian száguldani “to run at full speed, to rush” ______
Hungarian szak “age, era, period; branch, profession, subject; division, part, section; stanza, Hungarian szak “hanging chin (of pigs, sheep); double-chin” Hungarian szakáll “beard” Hungarian szál “fibre, thread” Hungarian szál “raft” Hungarian szaladni “to run” ______
Hungarian szalag “ribbon” Hungarian szállni “to fly; to embark in, to get into/on< to put up at< to stay at (a hotel) Hungarian szalu “a hoe-shaped axe” Hungarian szám “number” Hungarian szánni “to regret, to determine; to dedicate” Hungarian szapu “little chest; lye” ______
Hungarian szar “shit” Hungarian szár “bootleg; stalk, stem” Hungarian száradni “to become dry, to dry up, to wither”, száraz “dry” Hungarian származik “to descend, to issue, to originate, to spring (from” Hungarian szárny “wing” Hungarian szarv, szaru “horn (of an animal)” Hungarian szedni “to collect, to gather, to pick, to pluck” ______
Hungarian szédülni “to be/feel dizzy/giddy” Hungarian szegni “to border (along sth.), to fringe, to hem; to break, to cut” Hungarian szeg, szög “angle; nail; point” Hungarian szegy “brisket”, szügy “breast of animals; brisket” Hungarian szégyelleni “to be/feel ashamed”, szégyen “shame, discredit, dishonour, disgrace, scandal” Hungarian szék “seat, stool, chair; egg-yolk”
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Hungarian szekér “cart, wagon” Hungarian szelni “to slice”, szelet “slice; part; schnitzel” Hungarian szél “edge”, széles “wide, broad” Hungarian szél, szel- “wind” Hungarian szem “eye” Hungarian szén “coal” Hungarian szép “beautiful, handsome, pretty”
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Hungarian szeplő “freckle” Hungarian szer “instrument, appliance; material, means; order, succession”, -szer/-szor/-ször “... times”, sor “row, line, order” Hungarian szérű “barn floor, threshing yard” Hungarian szesz “alcohol, spirit” Hungarian szidni “to scold”, szitkozódik Hungarian szíj “strap” Hungarian szik “natron, alkali” ______
Hungarian szil “elm” Hungarian szilni “to chop, to cut, to plane, to slice” Hungarian szimat “flair, foresight; scent, sense of smell” Hungarian szirony “a colourful, narrow lather strap” Hungarian szirony “sleet, wet snow” Hungarian szirt “cliff, ledge, rock”
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Hungarian szív “heart” Hungarian szívni “to suck” Hungarian szó “word” Hungarian szomj “thirst” Hungarian szomorú “sad” Hungarian szórni “to scatter, to spread, to sprinkle, to strew”
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Hungarian szorgalom “diligence, industry, zeal”, szorgalmas “diligent, industrious” Hungarian szórítani “to force, to urge, to restrict; to hurt, to pinch”, szoros “narrow, tight, dense; mountain pass”, szorulni “to become narrow; to be jammed, to be stuck” Hungarian szőni, szöv- “to weave; to plot, to spin” Hungarian sző, szőke “blond” Hungarian szökik “to jump, to skip” ______
Hungarian szőlő “grape” Hungarian szőr “body hair” Hungarian szösz “tow, flax; junk”, szöszke “flax-coloured, blond” Hungarian szú “wood-borer, worm” Hungarian szúnyog “midge, mosquito” Hungarian szupojkó, szupujkó “suddenly grown thin; shrivelled; small” Hungarian szúrni “to prick, to stab” ______
Hungarian szurok “pitch, tar” Hungarian szűcs “furrier” Hungarian szűk “tight” Hungarian szülni “to give birth” Hungarian szűnik “to cease, to stop” Hungarian szür, szürke “gray; dark” ______
Hungarian szűrni “to filtrate, to strain” Hungarian szűz “virgin” Hungarian -(e/o/ö)tt (fossilized locative suffix, e.g. itt “here”, ott “there” and still used in certain place names, e.g. Kolozsvár-ott “in K.”, Pécs-ett “in P.”, Győr-ött “in Gy.”) Hungarian tábor “camp” Hungarian tag “limb; member” Hungarian tág “ample, large, loose, spacious, wide” Hungarian tagadni “to deny, to contest; to negate” Hungarian táj “country, land, region” ______
Hungarian tákolni “to assemble hastily; to patch together (badly); to slap together (crudely)” Hungarian tál “charger, dish, platter; course, dish” Hungarian találni “to find; to meet (with) sb.” Hungarian talp “sole” Hungarian táltos “priest-magician, shaman”
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Hungarian tanítani “to teach”, tanulni “to learn” Hungarian tántorogni, tántorodik “to stagger, to sway” Hungarian tanú “witness” tanítani Hungarian tapló “tinder; a kind of tree fungus (Phellinus ignarius)” Hungarian taposni “to trample” Hungarian tar “bald, barren; crippled”
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Hungarian tár “depot, warehouse” Hungarian tárni “to open up wide” Hungarian taraj “comb, crest; rowel” Hungarian tarhonya “granulated dried pastry made of flour and eggs, ‘egg- barley’” Hungarian tarja “spare rib”
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Hungarian tar, tarka “multi-coloured; mottled” Hungarian tarló “stubble-field” Hungarian tartani “to hold, to keep” Hungarian tat, tatfa “crossrail (in a ship); poop, stern” (fa “tree; wood”) Hungarian tathal “tench (Tinca tinca)” (hal “fish”) Hungarian tavasz “spring” Hungarian távol “far”, tova “away”, túl “beyond”
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Hungarian te “thou, you” Hungarian tegezni “to shoot with arrows” Hungarian tekerni “to twist, to wind” Hungarian tekinteni “to look, to watch; to regard as” Hungarian teknő “trough” Hungarian tél “winter”
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Hungarian telik “to be filled”; tele, teli, teljes “full”, tölteni “to fill, to stuff” Hungarian telek “plot (of land), building site”, telep “colony, settlement”, telepedik “to settle” Hungarian temetni “to bury”, temető “cemetery” tetem Hungarian tengely “axle; spindle” Hungarian tenger “sea” ı Hungarian tenni, tesz, tev- “to do, to make, to place, to put” ______
Hungarian tépni “to pluck (of feathers or petals); to rip, to split open; to tear, to shred” Hungarian tér “room, space” Hungarian térd “knee” Hungarian térni “to fit” Hungarian térni “to turn”
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Hungarian test “body”
Hungarian tetű “louse” Hungarian teve “camel” Hungarian tévedni “to be mistaken/wrong, to err, to slip” Hungarian ti “you (pl.)” Hungarian tidó “birch-bark; a small torch made of bound birch-bark used by fishermen; a salt shaker made of the bark of birch- or cherrywood” (Székely)
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Hungarian tikkadni “weaken (due to exhaustion, heat or thirst)” Hungarian tilni, tiltani “to forbid, to prohibit”, tilos “forbidden” Hungarian tiló “flax or hemp meant to be stripped; the household machine used for this purpose” Hungarian tinó “heifer” Hungarian titok “secret (noun)”, titkos “secret, confidential”, tit-kár “secretary” Hungarian tó, tav- “lake” Hungarian tojik “lay (eggs)”, tojás “egg”
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Hungarian tok “box, case, chest, scabbard, sheath” Hungarian tokhal “sturgeon” (hal “fish”) Hungarian toklyó “one- or two-year old lamb” Hungarian toll “feather; pen” Hungarian tolni “to push, to shove; to delay, to postpone” Hungarian tolvaj “thief”
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Hungarian tompor “hip, waist; a hump located between the hip and hind quarters” Hungarian top “ham from a pig’s back” Hungarian tor “feast (especially after a funeral and a pig-slaughtering [disznóölés])” Hungarian tor “thorax” szőni Hungarian torok, tork- “gullet, throat, windpipe; mouth, muzzle” Hungarian torma “horseradish”
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Hungarian torontál “kind of falcon; former district (megye) in the Bánát” turul Hungarian tő “root; trunk (of a tree)” Hungarian tőgy “udder, mamilla” Hungarian tölgy “oak” Hungarian tömény “concentrated; numerous; crowded”, tömni “to cram, to fill, to stuff” Hungarian tömlő “tube, bag”, tömlőc “dungeon, prison; a kind of fish-trap” telni Hungarian tőr “dagger; rapier, foil” ______
Hungarian tőr “snare, trap” Hungarian törni “to break, to crack, to crush, to pound, etc.” Hungarian törölni “to wipe, to dry (with a towel); to abolish, to annul”, törlő “hand-towel” Hungarian törvény “law” Hungarian tőzeg “peat, turf” Hungarian tudni “to know (a fact), to be able to”
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Hungarian tulok “(young) ox, young cow” Hungarian túrni “to dig” Hungarian turul “a totemic eagle or mythological falcon-like beard” torontál Hungarian túzok “bustard, Otis tarda” Hungarian tű “needle”, tövik “to puncture, to stab”, tövis “thorn” Hungarian tüdő “lung” Hungarian tündér “elf, fairy, nymph”, tündöklik “to shine, to gleam, to glisten” tenger
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Hungarian tűnik “to appear; to seem”, tüntetni “to demonstrate, to show” Hungarian tűrni “to bear, to endure; to suffer” Hungarian tűrni “to roll up, to fold” Hungarian tűz “fire” tüstént Hungarian ugar “fallow (field/ground/land) Hungarian ugrik “to jump, to leap, to spring” Hungarian új “new”
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reg, reggel Hungarian ujj “finger; toe; sleeve” Hungarian úr “sir; lord” Hungarian úszik “to swim” Hungarian út “path, way”
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Hungarian utálni “to abhor, to detest, to hate” okádni Hungarian üdíteni “to freshen, to refresh”, üde “fresh” Hungarian üdv “well-being; salvation”, üdvös “salutary; advisable”, üdvözíteni “to bless”, üdvözölni “to greet, to welcome” Hungarian ügy “matter; affair, business, concern; deal, transaction”, ügyelni “to pay attention”, ügyes “skilfull”, ügyés “lawyer” Hungarian ügy “lake, swamp; river, brook” ügy Hungarian ük “great-great grandmother; one’s distant ancestor”
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Hungarian ülni “to sit” Hungarian üldözni “to chase, to follow, to hunt” Hungarian ürge “kind of squirrel that lives in the earth, Spermophilus citellus” Hungarian üröm “wormwood” ürge Hungarian ütni “to beat, to hit, to strike” Hungarian űzni “to chase, to hunt, to pursue” ______
Hungarian vad “wild; inhabited” Hungarian vágni “to chop, to cut, to hash; to slaughter; to throw” Hungarian vágyik “to desire, to long, to wish, to yearn, to crave” Hungarian vaj “butter” Hungarian vájni “to hollow, to dig out” Hungarian vajúdik “to eke out a bare existence”
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Hungarian vak “blind” Hungarian -val/-vel (instrumental suffix), vele “with him/her/it” Hungarian válik “to become; to divorce; to part, to split off”, váltani “to change, to exchange” Hungarian váll “shoulder”, vállalni “to take it upon oneself to do sth.” Hungarian vallani “to admit, to confess”, vallatni “to interrogate” Hungarian van, vala, val- “is; to be”
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Hungarian -van/-ven “numeral suffix, e.g. hat-van “sixty”, öt-ven “fifty” Hungarian var “wart” Hungarian vásár “market, fair; bargain”, vásárolni “to buy” Hungarian védni “to defend” Hungarian vég “end” Hungarian vegyíteni “to mix”, vegyülni “to get into sth.; to get mixed up with sth.” ______
Hungarian vejsze, vész “a kind of fence or net as fish-trap; fish-pond” Hungarian vélni “to think, to believe, to mean”, vélekedik “to be of the opinion” Hungarian velő “marrow” Hungarian vén “old” Hungarian venni, vesz- “to take; to buy”
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Hungarian verni “to hit; to beat (heart)” Hungarian verni “to twine, to twist (of cord, rope)” Hungarian vér “blood” Hungarian vésni “to chisel, to cut” Hungarian vészni “to get lost”, veszteni “to lose” Hungarian vessző “rod, twig, verge” vese Hungarian vetni “to cast, to fling, to throw; to drill, to sow”
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Hungarian vezetni “to lead, to guide” Hungarian vézna “thin, slight” Hungarian vigyázni “to pay attention, to beware, to look out” Hungarian világ “light; world”, villám “lightening”, villanni “to flash, to sparkle, to twinkle”, villogni “to sparkle, to twinkle”, Hungarian vinni, visz- “to carry, to bring, to take” venni Hungarian virág “flower”, virítani “to bloom”, virradni “to dawn”, virrasztani “to stay awake” ______
vese Hungarian vívni “to fight” Hungarian víz “water” Hungarian vő, vej- “son-in-law” Hungarian vöcsök “crested grebe (a kind of duck, family of Podicipedidae)” Hungarian völgy “valley” ______
Hungarian zaj “noise” Hungarian zajlik “to drift (of ice)” Hungarian zakatolni “to clamour, to make noise”, zaklatni “to bother” Hungarian záp “rotten, putrid (egg)” Hungarian záp “rung; joist, purlin” Hungarian zöld “green” Hungarian zug, szug “angle, corner”
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Hungarian zsugorodik “to shrink; to become cramped; to hide; to beg; to be stingy”
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3. Conclusions
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4. Selected Bibliography
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
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