University of California
Los Angeles
CV Metathesis in Kwara’ae
A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Linguistics
by
Jeffrey Nicholas Heinz
2005 c Copyright by Jeffrey Nicholas Heinz 2005 The thesis of Jeffrey Nicholas Heinz is approved.
Pamela Munro
Bruce Hayes
Kie Zuraw, Committee Chair
University of California, Los Angeles 2005
ii To Emma
iii Table of Contents
1 Introduction ...... 1
1.1CVMetathesisinKwara’ae...... 1
1.2Background...... 3
1.3Overview...... 7
2Data...... 7
2.1TheCitationRegister...... 7
2.1.1 Consonants...... 8
2.1.2 Vowels...... 9
2.1.3 LongVowels...... 9
2.1.4 SyllableStructure...... 13
2.1.5 TheStressPattern...... 13
2.2TheNormalRegister...... 18
2.2.1 Consonants...... 18
2.2.2 Vowels...... 22
2.2.3 SyllableStructure...... 29
2.2.4 TheStressPattern...... 31
2.3FocusFinalForms...... 32
2.3.1 IdentifyingtheFocusFinalPosition...... 33
2.3.2 ExceptionstoFocusFinalForms...... 35
2.3.3 IsPartialMetathesisOptional?...... 37
iv 2.4TheMetathesisParadigm...... 37
3Analysis...... 38
3.1AMoraicAnalysisoftheCitationandNormalforms...... 38
3.1.1 TheMoraicGrid...... 38
3.1.2 TheCitationStressPatternandtheMoraicGrid..... 42
3.1.3 TheNormalStressPatternandtheMoraicGrid...... 44
3.2TheLociOfCVMetathesis...... 46
3.2.1 TheStresstoWeightPrinciple...... 46
3.2.2 FocusFinalForms...... 49
3.2.3 MetricalFeet?...... 50
3.3BasicOTAnalysisofCVMetathesis...... 51
3.3.1 SWPandLinearity...... 52
3.3.2 VowelClusters...... 54
3.4MoraicProjectioninOptimalityTheory...... 60
3.5AnalysisoftheStressPatternintheNormalForm...... 65
3.5.1 AlignmentConstraints...... 66
3.5.2 Clash/LapseConstraints...... 67
3.5.3 TrimoraicWords:210...... 69
3.5.4 OtherTrimoraicPatterns...... 73
3.5.5 Underlying /CVVV/ Forms ...... 76
3.6ExtendingandRefiningtheAnalysis...... 79
3.6.1 Quadrimoraic Words: 2010 ...... 79
v 3.6.2 Underlying /CVCVCVVV/ Forms ...... 80
3.6.3 Pentamoraicforms...... 81
3.6.4 EvenLongerWords...... 84
3.6.5 /CVVCV/and/CVVCVCVCV/Forms...... 84
3.6.6 FocusFinalFormAnalysis...... 86
4 Implications and Alternatives ...... 90
4.1Linearity...... 90
4.2TheStresstoWeightPrinciple...... 92
4.3AlternativestotheStresstoWeightPrinciple...... 95
4.4Conclusion...... 97
Appendix: A Brief Overview of Morphology ...... 100
1.1NominalMorphology...... 100
1.2VerbalMorphology...... 101
1.3 Reduplication and Compounding ...... 105
Bibliography ...... 108
vi Acknowledgments
There are many people without whom this research would not have been possible. First and foremost, I thank the Kwara’ae speaker who has devoted much time and energy to this project, Sophie Streeter. I am grateful for her commitment to this research, and for her insight into her wonderful language.
My committee read through several drafts of this work, and their comments demonstrated a linguistic instinct that is truly inspiring. They have each con- tributed significantly to this work through their suggestions and ideas. I especially thank my advisor Kie Zuraw for her direction, commitment, and extraordinarily patient and tireless help. I also thank Bruce Hayes for the extreme clarity which he brought to the issues and arguments. I am grateful to Pam Munro for not only for her numerous insights, but also for encouraging me to engage in fieldwork from the very first day we met. Of course, any errors in this text are mine, and in no way can be attributed to them.
I would also like to thank Ben Burt of the British Museum who generously provided me with Kwara’ae texts and other materials that have been invaluable in conducting this research.
Part of this research was conducted with fellowship support from the UCLA Graduate Student Summer and Year Research Mentorship Programs.
I would also like to thank Colin Wilson, Donca Steriade, Jaye Padgett, Jason Riggle, Andy Martin, Ben Keil, Marcus Smith, Greg Kobele, Leston Buell, and Katya Petrosova, as well as all participants in the UCLA 2004 Phonology Seminar. Their insight and help has been greatly appreciated.
Since this is the first major academic paper with original research that I have completed, I feel compelled to thank every teacher I have ever had in the past.
vii They will never know their impact upon me, and probably neither will I, for I am only now beginning to recognize the enormity of it. I especially would like to acknowledge Linda Lombardi, who introduced me to phonology.
I also thank my parents and my brother, as well as my extended family, for their support and encouragement throughout this past year.
Finally, I thank my wife Mika and our baby Emma for the love, support, and shining faces they bless me with every day.
viii Abstract of the Thesis
CV Metathesis in Kwara’ae
by
Jeffrey Nicholas Heinz Master of Arts in Linguistics University of California, Los Angeles, 2005 Professor Kie Zuraw, Chair
This thesis examines the phonological process of CV metathesis in Kwara’ae (Austronesian) between the Citation and Normal speech registers in the light of my work with a native speaker. CV metathesis is especially robust in Kwara’ae
because it may occur multiple times within a word. For example, the Citation