Great Lives from History: The 19th Century Table of Contents

Publisher's Note Key to Pronunciation Complete List of Contents List of Maps and Sidebars Maps of the Nineteenth Century World

`Abd al-Hamid II Abdelkader Abel, Niels Henrik Acton, Lord Adams, Henry Adams, John Quincy Adler, Felix Agassiz, Elizabeth Cabot Cary Agassiz, Louis Ahmad Khan, Sayyid Alcott, Bronson Alcott, Louisa May Alexander I Alexander II Alger, Horatio Ali Pasa Telpelenë Altgeld, John Peter Andersen, Hans Christian Anthony, Susan B. Appleseed, Johnny Arnold, Matthew Arnold, Thomas Arthur, Chester A. Aston, Luise Astor, John J. Auclert, Hubertine Audubon, John James Austen, Jane Austin, Stephen Fuller Avogadro, Amedeo Babbage, Baden-Powell, Robert Stephenson Smyth Baer, Karl Ernst von Baha'u'llah Bakunin, Mikhail Baldwin, Robert Balzac, Honoré de Bancroft, George Barnard, Henry Barnum, P. T. Barry, Charles Barton, , Edmund Baudelaire, Charles Baum, L. Frank Beale, Dorothea Beardsley, Aubrey Becquerel Family Beecher, Catharine Beecher, Henry Ward Beethoven, Ludwig van Behring, Emil von Bell, Alexander Graham Bello, Muhammad Bennett, James Gordon Benton, Thomas Hart Benz, Carl Berlioz, Hector Bernard, Claude Bernhardt, Sarah Besant, Annie Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessemer, Henry Beust, Friedrich von Biddle, Nicholas Bierce, Ambrose Bierstadt, Albert Bingham, George Caleb Bismarck, Otto von Bizet, Georges Black Hawk Blackwell, Elizabeth Blaine, James G. Blanc, Louis Bloomer, Amelia Jenks Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von Bodichon, Barbara Leigh Smith Boivin nee Gillain, Marie Anne Victorine Bolívar, Simón Booth, Edwin Booth, William Borden, Lizzie Borodin, Aleksandr Braddon, Mary Elizabeth Bradley, F. H. Brady, Mathew B. Brahms, Johannes Braille, Louis Bright, John Brock, Isaac Brontë Sisters Brougham, Henry Brown, George Brown, John Brown, Olympia Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Bruckner, Anton Brunel, Marc Isambard Bryant, William Cullen Buchanan, James Bulfinch, Charles Burbank, Luther Burckhardt, Jacob Burnett, Frances Hodgson Burnham, Daniel Hudson Burr, Aaron Burton, Richard Francis Butler, Josephine Butler, Samuel Buxton, Thomas Fowell Byron, Lord Cabrini, Frances Xavier Calamity Jane Calderón de la Barca, Fanny Calhoun, John C. Cambacérès, Jean-Jacques-Régis de Campbell, Alexander Canning, George Canova, Antonio Carey, William Carlos, Don Carlyle, Thomas Carnegie, Andrew Carroll, Lewis Carson, Kit Cassatt, Mary Castlereagh, Viscount Catlin, George Cavour, Count Cayley, George Cetshwayo Cézanne, Paul Chadwick, Edwin Chamberlain, Joseph Channing, William Ellery Charles XIV John Chase, Salmon P. Chateaubriand Chekhov, Anton Child, Lydia Maria Chopin, Frédéric Chopin, Kate Christophe, Henri Cixi Clausewitz, Carl von Clay, Henry Cleveland, Grover Clinton, DeWitt Cobbett, William Cobden, Richard Cody, William Frederick Cohn, Ferdinand Julius Coleridge, Samuel Taylor Colt, Samuel Comte, Auguste Constable, John Cooke, Jay Cooper, James Fenimore Coronado, Carolina Courbet, Gustave Crane, Stephen Crazy Horse Crockett, David Crowther, Samuel Ajayi Cuffee, Paul Cushing, Caleb Custer, George A. Cuvier, Georges Daguerre, Jacques Daimler, Gottlieb Dalhousie, First Marquess of Dalton, John Dario, Ruben Darwin, Charles David, Jacques-Louis Davis, Jefferson Davy, Humphry Deák, Ferenc Deakin, Alfred Decatur, Stephen Dedekind, Richard Degas, Edgar Delacroix, Eugène Delibes, Léo Derby, Fourteenth Earl of Dewey, George Dewey, Melvil Díaz, Porfirio Dickens, Charles Dickinson, Emily Diesel, Rudolf Disraeli, Benjamin Dix, Dorothea Donizetti, Gaetano Dostoevski, Fyodor Douglas, Stephen A. Douglass, Frederick Doyle, Arthur Conan Duke, James Buchanan Dumas, Alexandre, père Dunant, Jean-Henri Dunbar, Paul Laurence Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée Durham, First Earl of Dvorák, Antonín Eads, James Buchanan Eakins, Thomas Earp, Wyatt Eddy, Mary Baker Edgeworth, Maria Edison, Thomas Alva Eiffel, Gustave Eliot, Charles William Eliot, George Elssler, Fanny Emerson, Ralph Waldo Engels, Friedrich Evans, Arthur Faidherbe, Louis Faraday, Michael Farragut, David G. Fawcett, Dame Millicent Garrett Fechner, Gustav Theodor Field, Marshall Field, Stephen J. Fillmore, Millard Flaubert, Gustave Fleming, Williamina Forrest, Edwin Forster, William Edward Forten, Charlotte Foster, Abby Kelley Foster, Stephen Collins Fothergill Cooke, William, and Charles Wheatstone Fourier, Charles Fourier, Joseph Fowler, Lydia Folger France, Anatole Francis Joseph I Franck, César Franklin, John Frege, Gottlob Frémont, John C. Froebel, Friedrich Fry, Elizabeth Fuller, Margaret Fulton, Robert Gadsden, James Gage, Matilda Joslyn Gallatin, Albert Galois, Évariste Galton, Francis Gambetta, Léon Garfield, James A. Garibaldi, Giuseppe Garrison, William Lloyd Gauguin, Paul Gauss, Carl Friedrich Gay-Lussac, Joseph-Louis George, Henry George IV Géricault, Théodore Germain, Sophia Geronimo Gia Long Gibbons, James Gibbs, Josiah Willard Gilbert, W. S., and Arthur Sullivan Gioberti, Vincenzo Gladstone, William Ewart Gneisenau, August von Gogh, Vincent van Gogol, Nikolai Goldie, George Gompers, Samuel Goodyear, Charles Gordon, Charles George Gounod, Charles Grace, William Gilbert Grant, Ulysses S. Gray, Asa Greeley, Horace Green, Thomas Hill Greenway, Francis Grey, George Edward Grey, Second Earl of Grieg, Edvard Grimké, Angelina and Sarah Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm Grove, William Robert Hadfield, Robert Abbott Haeckel, Ernst Haggard, Henry Rider Hahnemann, Samuel Hale, Sarah Josepha Hamilton, William Rowan Hanna, Marcus A. Hardenberg, Karl von Hardie, James Keir Hardy, Thomas Harper, William Rainey Harris, Joel Chandler Harrison, Benjamin Harrison, Frederic Harrison, William Henry Hawthorne, Nathaniel Hay, John Hayden, Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayes, Rutherford B. Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Heine, Heinrich Helmholtz, Hermann von Hemans, Felicia Henry, Joseph Henry, O. Herzen, Aleksandr Herzl, Theodor Hickok, Wild Bill Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel Higginson, Thomas Wentworth Hill, James Jerome Hill, Octavia Hiroshige Ho Xuan Huong Holland, John Philip Holmes, Oliver Wendell Holstein, Friedrich von Homer, Winslow Hong Xiuquan Houston, Sam Howe, Elias Howe, , Samuel Gridley Huggins, Margaret Murray Hugo, Victor Humboldt, Alexander von Humperdinck, Engelbert Hunt, William Holman Huxley, Thomas Henry Ibsen, Henrik Ii Naosuke Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Irving, Henry Irving, Washington Isabella II Ito Hirobumi Jackson, Andrew Jackson, Helen Hunt Jackson, Stonewall Jacobi, Mary Corinna Putnam Jamal al-Din al-Afghani James, Henry James, Jesse and Frank James, William Jameson, Anna Brownell Jaurès, Jean Jeffrey, Lord Jewett, Sarah Orne Johnson, Andrew Joplin, Scott Joseph, Chief Joséphine Juárez, Benito Kamehameha I Kang Youwei Kean, Edmund Keats, John Kelvin, Lord Kemble, Fanny Kent, James Key, Francis Scott Kierkegaard, Soren Kingdom Brunel, Isambard Kingsley, Mary Kipling, Rudyard Kleist, Heinrich von Koch, Robert Kovalevskaia, Sofia Kruger, Paul Krupp, Alfred La Saragossa (Maria Agustina) Lancaster, Joseph Lange, Helene Langley, Samuel Pierpont Langtry, Lillie Lankester, Edwin Ray Laplace, Pierre-Simon Lassalle, Ferdinand Latrobe, Benjamin Henry Lawrence, First Baron Lazarus, Emma Lee, Robert E. Lenoir, Étienne Leo XIII Leonowens, Anna Leopold II Lermontov, Mikhail Lesseps, Ferdinand de Lewis, Meriwether, and William Clark Li Hongzhang Liebig, Justus von Liebknecht, Wilhelm Liliuokalani Lin Zexu Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln, Mary Todd Lind, Jenny Lister, Joseph Liszt, Franz Liverpool, Second Earl of Livingstone, David Lobachevsky, Nikolay Ivanovich Lobengula Lockwood, Belva A. Lockyer, Joseph Norman Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth Lovelace, Augusta Ada Byron Lyell, Charles Lyon, Mary Macarthur, John Macaulay, Thomas Babington McCormick, Cyrus Hall Macdonald, John Alexander McGuffey, William Holmes Machado de Assis, Joaquim Maria Mackenzie, Alexander Mackenzie, William Lyon McKinley, William Macmillan, Daniel and Alexander Macready, William Charles Madison, Dolley Mahdi, al- Malthus, Thomas Robert Manet, Édouard Mangakahia, Meri Te Tai Mann, Horace Manning, Henry Edward Mannix, Daniel Manzoni, Alessandro Marshall, John Martí, José Martineau, Harriet Marx, Karl Matto de Turner, Clorinda Maupassant, Guy de Maurice, Frederick Denison Maury, Matthew Fontaine Maximilian Maxwell, James Clerk Mazzini, Giuseppe Melbourne, Second Viscount Melville, Herman Mendel, Gregor Johann Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich Mendelssohn, Felix Menelik II Menken, Adah Isaacs Mergenthaler, Ottmar Metternich Michelet, Jules Michelson, Albert A. Mill, James Mill, John Stuart Mitchell, Maria Mommsen, Theodor Monroe, James Montez, Lola Moodie, Susanna Moody, Dwight L. Morgan, J. P. Morgan, Lewis Henry Morris, William Morse, Samuel F. B. Morton, William Thomas Green Mott, Lucretia Muhammad `Abduh Muhammad `Ali Pasha Muir, John Mussorgsky, Modest Mutsuhito Naoroji, Dadabhar I Napoleon III Nash, John Nasmyth, James Nast, Thomas Nation, Carry Nelson, Lord Newcomb, Simon Newman, John Henry Ney, Michel Nicholas I Niebuhr, Barthold Georg Niépce, Nicéphore Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm Nightingale, Florence Nobel, Alfred Oakley, Annie O'Connell, Daniel Offenbach, Jacques O'Higgins, Bernardo Olmsted, Frederick Law Osceola Osler, William Otto, Nikolaus August Outram, James Owen, Robert Paganini, Niccolò Palmer, Alice Freeman Palmerston, Lord Parker, Theodore Parkes, Henry Parkman, Francis Parnell, Charles Stewart Pasteur, Louis Pater, Walter Paterson, A. B. Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer Pedro I Pedro II Peel, Robert Peirce, Charles Sanders Perry, Matthew C. Perry, Oliver Hazard Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich Phillips, Wendell Pierce, Franklin Pike, Zebulon Montgomery Pinkham, Lydia Estes Pissarro, Camille Pius IX Place, Francis Pobedonostsev, Konstantin Petrovich Poe, Edgar Allan Poincaré, Henri Polk, James K. Popov, Aleksandr Stepanovich Powell, John Wesley Prescott, William Hickling Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph Pugin, Augustus Welby Northmore Pulitzer, Joseph Pusey, E. B. Pushkin, Alexander Raeburn, Henry Ranade, Mahadev Govinda Ranke, Leopold von Rasputin, Grigori Yefimovich Ray, Rammohan Rebouças, André Red Cloud Redon, Odilon Reed, Walter Remington, Frederic Renan, Ernest Renoir, Pierre-Auguste Rhodes, Cecil Ricardo, David Richards, Ellen Swallow Richardson, Abby Sage Richardson, Henry Hobson Riel, Louis Rimbaud, Arthur Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay Ritschl, Albrecht Rockefeller, John D. Rodin, Auguste Roebling, John Augustus Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Ross, James Clark Ross, John Rossetti, Christina Georgina Rossini, Gioacchino Rothschild Family Rousseau, Henri Ruskin, John Russell, Lord John Saigo Takamori Saint-Gaudens, Augustus Saint-Simon, Henri Comte de Salisbury, third marquess of Samori Toure San Martín, José de Sand, George Santa Anna, Antonio López de Sargent, John Singer Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino Savigny, Friedrich Karl von Sayyid Said Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David von Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schleiermacher, Friedrich Schliemann, Heinrich Schopenhauer, Arthur Schreiner, Olive Schubert, Franz Schumann, Clara Schumann, Robert Schurz, Carl Scott, Charlotte Angas Scott, Dred Scott, George Gilbert Scott, Walter Scott, Winfield Scripps, Edward Wyllis Seddon, Richard John Ségalas, Anais Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp Sequoyah Seton, Saint Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seurat, Georges Seward, William H. Shadd, Mary Ann Shaka Shaw, Anna Howard Shelley, Shelley, Percy Bysshe Sherman, William Tecumseh Sidgwick, Henry Siemens Family Singh, Ranjit Sitting Bull Siyyid Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad (Bab) Slater, Samuel Smith, Jedediah Strong Smith, Joseph Somerville, Mary Speke, John Hanning Spencer, Herbert Speransky, Mikhail Mikhaylovich Stanford, Leland Stanley, Henry Morton Stanton, Edwin M. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady Stein, Freiherr vom Steiner, Jakob Steinmetz, Charles Proteus Stendhal Stephens, Alexander H. Stephenson, George Stevens, Thaddeus Stevenson, Robert Louis Stone, Lucy Story, Joseph Stowe, Harriet Beecher Strauss, Johann Street, George Edmund Sucre, Antonio José de Sullivan, Louis Sumner, Charles Suttner, Bertha von Swami, Vivekananda Swan, Joseph Wilson Tadano Makuzu Táhirih Taine, Hippolyte-Adolphe Talbot, Thomas Talleyrand Taney, Roger Brooke Taylor, Zachary Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich Tecumseh Telford, Thomas Tennyson, Alfred, Lord Terry, Ellen Tesla, Nikola Tewodros II Thackeray, William Makepeace Thayer, Sylvanus Thiers, Adolphe Thomas, Theodore Thompson, David Thoreau, Henry David Tippu Tib Tocqueville, Alexis de Tolstoy, Leo Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de Traill, Catherine Parr Trevithick, Richard Tristan, Flora Trollope, Anthony Trollope, Frances Truth, Sojourner Tu Duc Tubman, Harriet Tupper, Charles Turgenev, Ivan Turner, J. M. W. Turner, Nat Twain, Mark Tweed, William Marcy Tyler, John `Uthman Dan Fodio Van Buren, Martin Vanderbilt, Cornelius Verdi, Giuseppe Verne, Jules Victoria, Queen Vidyasagar, Iswar Chandra Virchow, Rudolf Vogel, Julius Wagner, Richard Wakefield, Edward Gibbon Walter, John, II Ward, Lester Frank Ward, Montgomery Washington, Booker T. Weber, Carl Maria von Webster, Daniel Webster, Noah Weismann, August Wellington, Duke of Wentworth, W. C. Westinghouse, George Whistler, James McNeill Whitman, Walt Whittier, John Greenleaf Wilde, Oscar Wilkes, Charles Willard, , Frances William IV Williams, George Washington Wise, Isaac Mayer Wöhler, Friedrich Woodhull, Victoria Wordsworth, William Workman, Fanny Bullock Wright, Frances Yonge, Charlotte Mary Young, Brigham Ypsilanti, Alexander and Demetrios Zakrzewska, Marie Elizabeth Zeng Guofan Zhang Zhidong Zola, Émile

Rulers and Chronological List of Entries Category Index Geographical Index Personages Index Subject Index