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Instructional Materials DOCUMENT RESUME ED 120 074 SO 008 981 AUTHOR Grambs, Jean Dresden, Ed. TITLE Teaching about Women in the Social Studies: Concepts, Methods, and Materials. Bulletin 48. INSTITUTION National Council for the Social Studies, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 76 NOTE 125p. AVAILABLE FROM National Council for the Social Studies, 1515 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22209 ($5.95) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 Plus Postags. HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Concept Teaching; *Curriculum Development; Educational Resources; Elementary Secondary Education; Females; Instructional Materials; Learning Activities; Sex Differences; Sex Discrimination; *Sex Stereotypes; Social Problems; *Social Studies; *Teaching Techniques; United States History; Womens Education; *Womens Studies; World History ABSTRACT Dedicated to aiding teachers and curricul'im developers in making social studies curricula responsive to maintaining the dignity and worth of students, this resource book is the product of the National Council for the Social Studies' Sexism and Social Justice Committee. The book is for social studies teachers who want to avoid sexism in their teaching and make women the viable part of the study of history and modern issues that they should be. Chapter authors present basic concepts to help teachers and school systems analyze and revise their current social studies offerings and build new units and courses. Throughout the book, the stress is on practical aids for the teacher. Chapter titles include (1) Getting a Hold on the Tiger: Assessing Sexism in Schools; (2) Women in U.S. History: Concepts and Organizing Structures;(3) Teaching about Women in World History; (4) Women in Contemporary American Society: Changing Roles and Changing Needs;(5) Treatment of the Sexes in Instructional Materials: Guidelines for Evaluation;(6) Implementing Social Studies Objectives: A Critical Assessment of Materials for Teaching about Women; and (7)Nonsexist Teaching: Strategies and Practical Applications. (Author/JR) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS), EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** IJ 5 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 11, Y 141 EDUCATION L WELFARE tE NTIONAL INSTITUTE OF C.-6 5 EDUCATION , HA', BEEN RE PRO. F F T,v AS PtFCEI,ED FROM ,F T- RSON,JP OP6AN'Z'Ai,ON A` N . PORN ". ,'Ev't OR OPIN,ONS A F DI_ NOT NET FS,AP T REPRE- .EN' .TI AL NATIONAL NST'TUTE OF kJ A .oN P<(5 T.C)N OR POL 7 dr, it 4'k 44 iNir 1.4 - 4'. I AM AN INDIVIDUAL: 2 Teaching About Women in the Social Studies: Concepts, Methods, and Materials Jean Dresden Grambs, Editor Bulletin 48 NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR. THE SOCIAL STUDIES 3 NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE SOCIAL STUDIES President Directors James P. Shaver Todd Clark Utah State University Jean Tilford Claugus Logan, Utah Harris L. Dante President-Elect Paul Flaum Albert J. George Howard D. Mehlinger Florence Jackson Indiana University Theodore Kaltsounis Bloomington, Indiana Pauline Kouris Charles L. Mitsakos Jane Lowrie Mounts Raymond H. Muessig Jack P. Risher Carl Stasio, Ex Officio Executive Director Brian J. Larkin Washington, D.C. Editor Publications Board Daniel Roselle Barry K. Beyer, Chairperson Washington, D.C. James A. Banks Elizabeth Bazell Executive Secretary Emeritus Charles L. Mitsakos Merrill F. Hartshorn Nancy Sprague Washington, D.C. Celeste P. Wood ley NANCY SPRAGUE, Publications Board Coordinator for Teaching About Women in the Social Studies: Concepts, Methods, and Materials The NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE SOCIAL STUDIES is the professional organiza- tion of educators at all levelselementary, secondary, college and university who are interested in the teaching of social studies. Membership in the NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE SOCIAL STUDIES includes a subscription to the Council's offi- cial journal, Social Education, a copy of the Yearbook, and a periodic newsletter. In addition, the Council publishes bulletins, curriculum studies, pamphlets, and other materials of practical use for teachers of the social studies. Membership dues are $15.00 a year. Applications for membership and orders for the purchase of publications should be sent to the National Council for the Social Studies, 1515 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 101, Arlington, Virginia 22209. Copyright1976 by the NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE SOCIAL STUDIES Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 75-43431 4 Dedicated to the memory of DONALD L. LADuE A colleague and friend, whose contribution as a member of the Advisory Committee for Social Justice for Women was largely responsible for this bulletin. Foreword Fortunately, it is no longer necessary to document, in a publication for the social studies profession, the impacts of sexism on the formal and hidden curricula of our schools. Yet, despite our knowledge and the efforts of many able and conscientious people, sex stereotypes still influence how people view themselves and others, both in and out of school. Many personsincluding teachersare not yet aware of the effects of prejudices about sex on their own thoughts and behavior. Others are aware, but find it difficult to break loose from their own cultural antecedents. Re- shaping one's own frame of reference is not an easy matter, even when the environment is reinforcingwhich it often is not. Many teacherseven the women who have experienced years of covert and overt pressures to view themselves in restricted waysare likely to have problems recognizing sex- ist inferences in teaching materials and deciding how the curriculum should be reoriented and restructured to avoid pernicious effects. The NCSS Advisory Committee on Social Justice for Women, (renamed the Sexism and Social Justice Committee in November 1975, partly in recognition that sexism has deleterious effects on men as well as women) has been concerned since its beginnings with the problems of explicit and implicit, often unrecognized, sexism in social studies. Now, among its other efforts, the Committee has produced what amounts to a resource book for social studies teachers who want to both avoid sexism in their teaching and make women the viable part of the study of history and of modern issues that they should be. Each chapter presents basic concepts to help teachers and school systems analyze and revise their current social studies offerings and build new units and courses. References to new, available materials are included in each chapter. This bulletin is part of the overall effort by the National Council for the Social Studies to assist teachers and other curriculum people in their con- tinuing efforts to make social studies curricula responsive to the democratic demand that schools respect the dignity and worth of students. The Council is serious about its desire to keep its materials up-to-dateas Jean Grambs mentions in the introductory chapterand comments about the bulletin should be sent to the Sexism and Social Justice Committee in care of the NCSS headquarters in Washington, D.C. The National Council for the Social Studies is appreciative of the vigil- ance and the efforts of its Sexism and Social JusticeCommittee, and for this booklet. Special thanks are due Jean Grambs for her work in editing the bulletin and to the various authors who made it a reality. James P. Shaver, President National Council for the Social Studies vii 6 Contents FOREWORD by James P. Shavervii 1 INTRODUCTION What We Must Do Jean Dresden Grambs 8 1. Getting a Hold on the Tiger: Assessing Sexism in Schools Lynda Carl-Falkenstein 23 2. Women in U.S. History: Concepts and Organizing Structures E. G. Campbell 31 3. Teaching About Women in World History Genevieve Zito Berkhofer 40 4. Women in Contemporary American Society: Changing Roles and Changing Needs Dorothy Riggs Holman 59 5. Treatment of the Sexes in Instructional Materials: Guidelines for Evaluation Patrick Ferguson and Lois Conley Smith 71 6. Implementing Social Studies Objectives: A Critical Assessment of Materials for Teaching About Women Carole L. Hahn 102 7. Nonsexist Teaching: Strategies and Practical Applications David Sadker and Myra Sadker ix 7 St 1 4 "Bring to children the stories of women of achievement." LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM: Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor; Leon- tyne Price, Singer; Mary McLeod Bethune, Educator; Amelia Earhart, Pilot; Pearl Buck, Writer; Georgia O'Keeffe, Artist; Marjorie Tallchief, Dancer. 8 INTRODUCTION What We Must Do Jean Dresden Grambs Human society has always been composed of male and female. Human history has been almost exclusively male. How or why this interesting development occurred is beyond the scope of our inquiry here and in fact its roots seem to be lost in mists of pre - history. 1 What we do know is that the distortion that has resulted is neither true nor useful. It is false to learn about human affairs as though women did not exist. History becomes a poor guide to understanding the present or predicting the future if it is grossly out of touch with historical reality. If history is so deficient, contemporary studies of human society are hardly any better. Most of the research done in the fields of sociology, psychology, economics, and political science is either on total populations with no analysis of whether men or women differ, or is on male populations only.2 How human beings feel, how they think, their patterns of belief, their voting habits, or their religious practices are often generalizations on the basis of studies of males,3 or on undifferentiated studies of "people." We do not know enough about how males and females grow up in our culture or any other culture to know whether the generalizations so derived JEAN DRESDEN GRAMBS.
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