Bibliography
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Bibliography The list below contains only the most basic English languages sources. For a much fuller bibliography see my Italy, the Least of the Great Powers (Cambridge, 1979) pp. 431-51. SECONDARY SOURCES L. ALBERTINI, The Origins of the War of 1914, 3 vols (London, 1952-7) G. ARE, 'Economic Liberalism in Italy: 1845-1915' ,Journal of Italian History, 1 (1978) W. C. AsKEW, Europe and Italy's Acquisition of Libya, 1911-12 (Durham, N.C., 1942) __,'The Austro-Italian antagonism, 1896-1914', in L. P. Wallace and W. C. Askew (eds), Power, Public Opinion and Diplomacy (Durham, N. C., 1959) R. J. B. BoswoRTH, Italy, the Least of the Great Powers: Italian Foreign Policy Before the First World War (Cambridge, 1979) B. BoYD CAIROLI, Italian Repatriation from the United States 1900-1914 (New York, 1973) L. CAFAGNA, 'The Industrial Revolution in Italy, 1830-1914', in C. M. Cipolla (ed.), The Fontana Economic History of Europe (London, 1971) R. ALBRECHT-CARRIE, 'Italian Colonial Policy, 1914-1918', Journal of Modern History, 18 (1946) V. CASTRONOVO, 'The Italian Take-off: a ciritical re-examination of the problem' ,Journal of Italian History, 1 (1978) S. B. CLOUGH, The Economic History of Modern Italy (New York, 1964) F. J. COPPA, 'Giolitti and the Gentiloni Pact between Myth and Reality', Catholic Historical Review, LIII ( 1967) __ , 'The Italian Tariff and the Conflict between Agriculture and Industry: the commercial policy of Liberal Italy, 1860-1922', journal of Economic History, xxx ( 1970) Economic and Ethical Liberalism m Conflict: the BIBLIOGRAPHY 143 extraordinary liberalism of Giovanni Giolitti', Journal of Modern History, 42 ( 1970) __, Planning, Protectionism and Politics in Liberal Italy: Economics and Politics in the Giolittian Age (Washington, 1971) B. CROCE, A History of Italy 1871-1915 (Oxford, 1929) R. S. CuNSOLO, 'Libya, Italian Nationalism and the Revolt against Giolitti' ,Journal of Modern History, 37 (1965) J. A. DAVIS, ( ed.) Gramsci and Italy's Passive Revolution (London, 1979) A. J. DE GRAND, 'The Italian Nationalist Association in the Period of Italian Neutrality August 1914-May 1915·,, Journal of Modern History, 43 (1971) __, The Italian Nationalist Association and the Rise of Fascism in Italy (Lincoln, 1978) R. DRAKE, Byzantium for Rome: the politics of nostalgia in Umbertian Italy, 1878-1900 (Chapel Hill, 1980) R. F. FoERSTER, The Italian Emigration of Our Times (Cambridge, Mass., 1919) A. GERSCHENKRON, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (Cambridge, Mass., 1962) G. GIOLITTI, Memoirs of My Life (London, 1923) J. L. GLANVILLE, Italy's Relations with England, 1896-1905 (Baltimore, 1934) W. W. GOTTLIEB, Studies in Secret Diplomacy during the First World War (London, 1957) P. G. HALPERN, The Mediterranean Naval Situation, 1908-1914 (Cambridge, Mass., 1971) __ ,'The Anglo-French-Italian Naval Convention of 1915', Historicaljournal, XIII (1970) R. L. HEss, 'Italy and Africa: Colonial Ambitions in the First World War', journal of African History, IV ( 1963) __ , Italian Colonialism in Somalia (Chicago, 1966) D. L. HoROWITZ, The Italian Labor Movement (Cambridge, Mass., 1963) R. HosTETTER, The Italian Socialist Movement, vol. I (Princeton, 1958) __, 'The "Evangelical" Socialism of Camillo Prampolini', Italian Quarterly, XVIII (1975) C. HowARD, 'The Treaty of London, 1915', History, xxv (1941) H. S. HuGHES, 'The Aftermath of the Risorgimento in Four Successive Interpretations', American Historical Review, LXI ( 1955) __, The United States and Italy, rev. ed. (Cambridge, Mass., 1965) 144 ITALY AND THE APPROACH OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR A. C. jEMOLO, Church and State in Italy, 1850-1950 (Oxford, 1960) J. jOLL, 'Marinetti', in Three Intellectuals in Politics (London, 1960) __, Gramscz· (Glasgow, 1977) C. J. LowE, 'Britain and Italian Intervention, 1914-1915', Historical Journal, XII ( 1969) C. J. LowE AND F. MARZARI, Italian Foreign Policy, 18 70-1940 (London, 1975) A. LYTTELTON (ed.), Italian Fascisms from Pareto to Gentile (London, 1973) D. MACK SMITH, Italy a Modern History, rev. ed. (Ann Arbor, 1969) F. MARINETTI, Selected writings, ed. R. W. Flint (London 1972) D. McLEAN, 'British Finance and Foreign Policy in Turkey: the Smyrna-Aidin Railway Settlement, 1913-14', Historical Journal, XIX (1976) M. B. PETROVICH, 'The Italo-Yugoslav Boundary Question, 1914-15', in A. Dallin et al. (eds.), Russian Diplomacy and Eastern Europe 1914-1917 (New York, 1963) G. PROCACCI, 'The Italian Workers' Movement in the Liberal Era', in R. J. B. Bosworth and G. Cresciani (eds.), Altro Polo: a Volume of Italian Studies (Sydney, 1979) R. PRYCE, 'Italy and the Outbreak of the First World War', Cambridge HistoricalJournal, XI (1954) W. A. RENZI, 'Italy's Neutrality and Entrance into the Great War: a re-examination', American Historical Review, LXXIII ( 1967-8) __, 'The Entente and the Vatican During the Period of Italian Neutrality, August 1914-May 1915', Historical Journal, XIII (1970) A. J. RHODES, The Poet as Superman: a life of Gabriele D'Annunzio (London, 1959) D. D. RoBERTS, The Syndicalist Tradition and Italian Fascism (Manchester, 1979) A. SALANDRA, Italy and the Great War (London, 1932) A. W. SALOMONE, Italy in the Giolittian Era: Italian Democracy in the Making, 1900-14 (Philadelphia, 1960) __ (ed.), Italy from the Risorgimento to Fascism (Garden City, 1970) B. ScHMITT, 'The Italian Documents for July 1914' ,Journal of Modern History, 37 (1965) T. R. SYKES, 'Revolutionary Syndicalism in the Italian Labor Movement: the agrarian strikes of 1907-8 in the province of Parma', International Review of Social History, XXI ( 1976) F. M. TAMAGNA, Italy's Interests and Policies in the Far East (New York, 1941) BIBLIOGRAPHY 145 A. TAMBORRA, 'The Rise of Italian Industry and the Balkans (1900-1914)', Journal of European Economic History, 3 ( 1974) J. A. THAYER, Italy and the Great War, Politics and Culture, 1870-1915 (Madison, 1964) L. A. TILLEY, 'I fatti di maggio: the working class of Milan and the rebellion of 1898', in R. J. Bezucha (ed.), Modern European Social History (Lexington, 1972) G. E. ToRREY, 'The Rumanian-ltalian Agreement of 23 September 1914', Slavonic and East European Review, XLIV ( 1966) L. VALIANI, 'ltalian-Austro-Hungarian Negotiations, 1914-15', Journal of Contemporary History, 1 ( 1966) B. VIGEZZI, 'Italian Socialism and the First World War: Mussolini, Lazzari and Turati', Journal of Italian History, 2 ( 1979) C. WAGSTAFF, 'Dead Men Erect: F. T. Marinetti, L'alcovad'acciaio', in H. Klein ( ed. ), The First World War in Fiction: a Collection of Essays (London, 1976) C. SETON-WATSON, Italy from Liberalism to Fascism (London, 1967) R. A. WEBSTER, Industrial Imperialism in Italy 1908-1915 (Berkeley, 1975) J. WHITTAM, The Politics of the Italian Army (London, 1977) __, 'War and Italian Society', in B. Bond and I. Roy (eds), War and Society (London, 1975) __, 'War Aims and Strategy: the Italian Government and High Command 1914-1919', in B. Hunt and A. Preston (eds), War Aims and Strategic Policy in the Great War 1914-18 (London, 1977) W. HILTON-You:-.~G, The Italian Left (London, 1949) Notes and References ABBREV!A T!ONS AG Archivio di gabinetto, 1910-14 AP Asquith papers AR Archivio riservato di gabinetto, 1906-10. BD British Documents (ed. Gooch and Temperley) BP Bertie papers CD Alii parlamentari, Camera dei deputati CG Carte Giolitti CHJ Cambridge Historical Journal CHR Catholic Historical Review CM Carte Martini CP Confidential Print cs Carte Salandra DDF Documents diplomatiques .francaises DDI Documenti diplomatici italiani DGP Die Grosu Politik ESR European Studies Review GP Grey papers HJ Historical Journal HP Hardinge papers HT History Today IQ Italian Quarterly JAH Journal of African History JCEA Journal of Central European Affairs JCH Journal of Contemporary History JEH Journal of Economic History JIH Journal of Italian History LP Lansdowne papers NA Nuova Antologia NP Nicolson papers NRS Nuova Rivista Storica p Archivio politica, Ministero degli affari esteri PCG Presidenza del Consiglio, gabinetto, atti RC Rivista Coloniale RHMC Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine RP Rodd papers RSPI Rivista di studi politici i11ternazionali RSR Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento RSS Rivista Storica del Socialismo sc Storia Contemporanea NOTES AND REFERENCES 147 SEER Slavonic and East European Review SP Sonnino papers ss Studi Storici PREFACE 1. M. Loh ( ed. ), With couragt in their cases : tht rxperienct of thirtyjivr Italian immtgrant workers and thrir familits in Australia (Melbourne, 1980) p.80 2. W. D. Barrie, lmmtgration :Australia's problems and prospects (Sydney, 1949) p.88 3. A. Aquarone, in SC, II (1980) and R. Romeo in II Giornalt Nuovo (13 November 1980). I. LIBERAL ITALY: MYTHS AND REALITY 1. G. Sabbatucci, 'II problema dell'irredentismo e le origini del movimento nazionalista in ltalia', SC, 1 (1970) 486. 2. The other volumes were Garibaldi's Difenct of the Roma11 Republic (1907), Garibaldi and the Thousand ( 1909). All were published by Longmans. The third volume in fact came out in October 1911 just as British public opinion was at its most excited about the Libyan War. 3. G. M. Trevelyan, Garibaldt's Dtjence of the Roman Republic, p.ll. 4. Ibid., p.x. 5. Ibid., p.16. 6. T. Mann, Drath in Venice (London, 1932). 7. j. Thies, 'Hitler's European Building Programme',JCH, 13 (1978) 420. 8. J. Tilley, London to Tokyo (London, n.d.) p.32. 9. B. von Bulow, Mrmoirs (London, 1930-2), val. 3, p.455. 10. E. Hutton, The Cittes of Umbria (London, 1905) p.ll5. 11. For example, seeN. Douglas, Old Calabria (London, 1915). 12. Quoted in R. Cooper, 'The Image of Italy in English Writing 1815-1915' (unpublished M.A., University of Sydney, 1967) p.57. 13. j. W. Goethe, Italian Journey (1786-1788) (Harmondsworth, 1962) pp.42, 129. 14. H. Wickham Steed, Through Thirty Years 1892-1922(London, 1924) val. I, pp.I03-4. 15. Trevelyan, Garibaldi and the Thousand, p.41; Scenes from Italy's War (London, 1919) p.l2.