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Banco Interamericano De Desarrollo ‐ BID Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo ‐ BID Programa DR‐L1141 Rehabilitación y Ampliación del Puerto de Manzanillo Estudio de Impacto Ambiental y Social ‐ EIAS Rev 01 – Enero de 2021 Programa DR‐L1141 Rehabilitación y Ampliación del Puerto de Manzanillo Estudio de Impacto Ambiental y Social ‐ EIAS Rev 01 ‐ Enero de 2021 ÍNDICE 1.0 Introducción .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Justificación para la Rehabilitación y Ampliación del Puerto de Manzanillo ...................... 2 2.0 Marco Institucional y Legal .............................................................................................. 6 2.1 Políticas de Salvaguardas del BID Aplicables ....................................................................... 6 2.2 Marco Legal Dominicano Aplicable ................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Licenciamiento Ambiental................................................................................................. 10 2.2.2 Control de la Contaminación ............................................................................................ 13 2.2.3 Protección de la Biodiversidad .......................................................................................... 25 2.2.4 Áreas Protegidas ................................................................................................................ 33 2.2.5 Patrimonio Histórico, Cultural y Arqueológico ................................................................. 40 2.2.7 Procesos de Expropiación y Reasentamiento .................................................................. 42 2.2.8 Seguridad del Trabajo y Salud Ocupacional ..................................................................... 44 2.2.9 Legislación Laboral ............................................................................................................ 48 2.3 Análisis de la Capacidad Institucional del Ejecutor del Programa ..................................... 52 3.0 Estudio de Alternativas .................................................................................................. 55 3.1 Criterios Socioambientales y Técnicos para la Evaluación de Alternativas de Ampliación del Puerto de Manzanillo ........................................................................................................ 55 3.2 Formulación de Diseños Alternativos para la Ampliación del Puerto ............................... 57 4.0 Descripción del Proyecto................................................................................................ 73 4.1 Descripción del Proyecto de Rehabilitación y Ampliación del Puerto de Manzanillo ....... 73 4.1.1 Estructura del Muelle ........................................................................................................ 76 4.1.2 Sistema de Atraque ........................................................................................................... 78 4.1.3 Restauración del Muelle Espigón ...................................................................................... 78 4.1.4 Ayudas a la Navegación ..................................................................................................... 79 4.1.5 Playa de Acopio ................................................................................................................. 79 4.2 Directrices de Construcción ............................................................................................... 79 4.2.1 Dragado.............................................................................................................................. 79 4.2.2 Muro de Celdas Circulares de Tablestacas ....................................................................... 80 4.2.3 Movimiento de Tierras ...................................................................................................... 81 4.2.4 Áreas de Préstamo y Áreas de Disposición de Material Excedente ................................ 81 4.2.5 Drenaje ............................................................................................................................... 81 4.3 Logística ............................................................................................................................. 81 4.3.1 Campamentos de Construcción ........................................................................................ 81 4.3.2 Mano de Obra .................................................................................................................... 82 Rehabilitación y Ampliación del Puerto de Manzanillo Estudo de Impacto Ambiental y Social ‐ EIAS Rev. 01 – Enero/2021 4.3.3 Cronograma ....................................................................................................................... 82 4.4 Inversiones ......................................................................................................................... 82 5.0 Diagnóstico Ambiental y Social ..................................................................................... 83 5.1 Definición de las Áreas de Influencia ................................................................................. 83 5.2 Medio Físico ....................................................................................................................... 86 5.2.1 Área de Influencia Indirecta .............................................................................................. 86 5.2.1.1 Clima ..................................................................................................................... 86 5.2.1.2 Recursos Hídricos ................................................................................................. 92 5.2.1.2.1 Recursos Hídricos Superficiales ...................................................................... 92 5.2.1.2.2 Recursos Hídricos Subterráneos .................................................................... 94 5.2.1.3 Geología ................................................................................................................ 98 5.2.1.4 Geomorfología .................................................................................................... 106 5.2.1.5 Suelos .................................................................................................................. 114 5.2.1.6 Datos Oceanográficos ......................................................................................... 114 5.2.1.7 Terremotos ......................................................................................................... 120 5.2.2 Área de Influencia Directa y Área Directamente Afectada ............................................ 123 5.2.2.1 Geología y Geomorfología .................................................................................. 123 5.2.2.2 Consideración sobre la Erosión Costera ............................................................. 127 5.2.2.3 Mapeo del Fondo Marino ................................................................................... 130 5.2.2.3.1 Sedimentos ................................................................................................... 135 5.3 Medio Biótico ................................................................................................................... 137 5.3.1 Área de Influencia Indirecta ............................................................................................ 137 5.3.1.1 Vegetación y Flora .............................................................................................. 137 5.3.1.2 Fauna .................................................................................................................. 143 5.3.1.2.1 Fauna Terrestre ............................................................................................ 143 5.3.1.2.2 Fauna Acuática ............................................................................................. 154 5.3.1.3 Áreas de Interés para la Biodiversidad ............................................................... 163 5.3.1.3.1 Áreas Protegidas (AP) ................................................................................... 163 5.3.1.3.2 Otras Áreas de Interés para la Biodiversidad ............................................... 165 5.3.1.4 Análisis y Determinación de Hábitats Críticos .................................................... 167 5.3.2 Área de Influencia Directa y Área Directamente Afectada ............................................ 169 5.3.2.1 Vegetación y Flora .............................................................................................. 169 5.3.2.2 Fauna Acuática ................................................................................................... 177 5.4 Medio Socioeconómico ................................................................................................... 190 5.4.1 Área de Influencia Indirecta ............................................................................................ 191 5.4.1.1 Demografía ......................................................................................................... 191 5.4.1.2 Salud ................................................................................................................... 195 5.4.1.3 Educación............................................................................................................ 198 5.4.1.4 Vivienda y Servicios Básicos ..............................................................................
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