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Anolis Tandai, a New Dietary Record for the Amazon Ringed Snake, Rhinobothryum Lentiginosum (Scopoli, 1785) (Squamata: Colubridae)

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Anolis Tandai, a New Dietary Record for the Amazon Ringed Snake, Rhinobothryum Lentiginosum (Scopoli, 1785) (Squamata: Colubridae) Herpetology Notes, volume 13: 981-987 (2020) (published online on 26 November 2020) Anolis tandai, a new dietary record for the Amazon ringed snake, Rhinobothryum lentiginosum (Scopoli, 1785) (Squamata: Colubridae) Luis A. García–Ayachi1,2,3,*, Mallory Wittwer3, and Christopher Kirkby3 The Amazon banded snake is a rare, infrequently because they observed these snakes on the ground observed species of squamate with only a few (Martins and Oliveira, 1998; Doan and Arriaga, 2000; specimens stored in biological collections, despite its Duellman, 2005; Ribeiro Duarte, 2010; Avila–Pires et widespread distribution (Cunha and Nascimento, 1978). al., 2010). However, dietary information suggests that R. This snake lives in the lowland Amazonian forests of lentiginosum is a lizard specialist that feeds on a variety Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, of terrestrial and arboreal species that range in size from Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Peru (Peters small species, such as Gonatodes spp. to the larger and Orejas–Miranda, 1970; Miranda et al., 2009; Iguana iguana (Table 1). Rhinobothryum lentiginosum Reynolds and MacCulloch, 2012; Uetz et al., 2020). likely forages in tree and bushes, and possibly preys Although it has been recorded in primary forest (Cunha on night–sleeping lizards (Oliveira and Martins, 1998; and Nascimento, 1978; Cunha et al., 1985; Martins Martins and Oliveira, 1998; Vitt et al., 2000; Duellman, and Oliveira, 1998; Fraga et al., 2014), some records 2005; Ribeiro Duarte, 2010), and occasionally on frogs, demonstrate that R. lentiginosum also inhabits secondary small birds and mammals (Zimmerman and Rodrigues, forest (Venegas and Couceiro, 2017), and more open, 1990; Avila–Pires et al., 2010). disturbed areas (Bernarde and Abe, 2006; França et al., Surprisingly, the most common tree–dwelling lizards 2006). Western Amazon records of this species include in the Amazon (genus Anolis) have not previously been northern (Loreto department, Dixon and Soini, 1986; recorded in the diet of Rhinobothryum lentiginosum. Gagliardi–Urrutia, 2010), central (Ucayali department, With 436 species (Uetz et al., 2020), Anolis lizards Lehr and Aguilar, 2000), and southern Peru (Madre de are relatively common and are prey of many arboreal Dios department, Rodríguez and Cadle, 1990; Doan and and semi–arboreal snakes, as reported by many studies Arriaga, 2000; Duellman, 2005; von May et al., 2006; (Beebe, 1946; Duellman, 1958, 1978, 2005; Emsley, Catenazzi et al., 2013, Venegas and Couceiro, 2017). 1963; Henderson, 1974, 1982, 1984a,b, 1993, 2002; Rhinobothryum lentiginosum is a snake that is both Myers, 1974; Henderson and Nickerson, 1976; Cunha diurnal (Martins and Oliveira, 1998; Venegas and and Nascimento, 1978; Henderson et al., 1981, 2007; Couceiro, 2017) and nocturnal in its activities (Martins Cunha and Nascimento, 1982; Franz and Gicca, 1982; and Oliveira, 1998; Doan and Arriaga, 2000; Vitt et al., Nellis et al., 1983; Henderson and Horn, 1983; Seib, 2000; Duellman, 2005; Ribeiro Duarte, 2010). Previous 1984; Novo Rodríguez and de Arazoza Rodríguez, authors considered the species as being terrestrial, 1986; Rodríguez–Robles and Leal, 1993a,b; Dixon et al., 1993; Avila–Pires, 1995; Henderson and Sajdak, 1996; Gorzula and Señaris, 1998; Martins and Oliveira, 1998; Campbell, 1999; Stafford, 2003; Gutierrez and Arredondo, 2005; Pérez–Higareda et al., 2007; Halstead et al., 2008; Scartozzoni et al.,2009; Bernarde and Abe, 1 Instituto Peruano de Herpetología (IPH), Lima, Perú. 2010; García–Padilla and Luna–Alcántara, 2011; Ray et 2 División de Herpetología, Centro de Ornitología y al., 2011; Henderson and Pauers, 2012; Veríssimo et al., Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Lima, Perú. 3 Asociación Fauna Forever, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 2012; de Sousa et al., 2014; Natera et al., 2015; Clause Perú. and Clause, 2016; Solé and Dias, 2017; Henderson and * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Powell, 2018; Torres–Carvajal et al., 2018; Sosa et al., 982 Luis A. García–Ayachi et al. 2019; Fuentes–Montejo and Sánchez, 2019; Roberto R. lentiginosum (snout–vent length 492 mm, total body and Souza, 2020; Alamy, 2020a,b). length 632 mm) feeding on a female adult Anolis tandai During fieldwork in the southern Peruvian Amazon, we (Tandai’s anole, total body length 16 cm). We found the observed for the first time a species of Anolis predated by snake on a bush, 39 cm above the ground. The snake Rhinobothryum lentiginosum. On 9 September 2016 at had bitten into the dorsum of the lizard, which appeared 20:21 h, in the tropical humid lowland rainforest around to still be alive due to the continued movements of its Las Piedras Amazon Centre (LPAC), Las Piedras river limbs. The snake kept biting the lizard for ~2 minutes and basin (12°4’10.99”S, 69°29’36.86”W, altitude 226 m), until its death. At that point, with slow jaw movements, Madre de Dios department of Peru, we observed a female the snake manoeuvred the lizard to swallow it head first Figure 1. An adult female Rhinobothryum lentiginosum feeding on a female Anolis tandai. (A) Initial sighting of R. lentiginosum hanging from a branch, biting dorsally the upper body of the lizard. (B-D) Sequence showing the swallowing of the lizard, head first. Photo by M. Wittwer. Anolis tandai, a new dietary record for the Amazon ringed snake 983 Table 1. List of prey items for Rhinobothryum lentiginosum as recorded in literature and in this study. Table 1. List of prey items for Rhinobothryum lentiginosum as recorded in literature and in this study. Prey Item Reference Anolis tandai This study Kentropyx calcarata Kentropyx calcarata juvenile Remains of Ameiva ameiva de Arruda et al., 2015 Remains of Gonatodes sp. Remains of lizard, unidentifiable Remains of Mabuyidae Iguana iguana Ribeiro Duarte, 2010 Mabuya nigropunctata Bernarde and Abe, 2010 Birds, mammals Avila-Pires et al., 2010 Gonatodes humeralis Vitt et al., 2000 Gonatodes humeralis Martins and Oliveira, 1998 Gonatodes humeralis Mabuya sp. Plica plica Oliveira and Martins, 1998 Plica umbra and remains of another lizards Polychrus marmoratus and remains of another lizards frogs Zimmerman and Rodrigues, 1990 Table 2. List of snake species that prey on Anolis spp. as recorded in the literature and in this study. D = Diurnal; N = Nocturnal. Table 2. List of snake species that prey on Anolis spp. as recorded in the literature and in this study. D = Diurnal; N = Nocturnal. Family Species Habit Prey References Chilabothrus monensis N Anolis sp. Nellis et al., 1983. Corallus cookii N Anolis griseus, A. trinitatis. Henderson et al., 2007; Henderson and Pauers, 2012; Boidae Henderson and Powell, 2018. (Boinae) Corallus grenadensis N Anolis aeneus, A. griseus, A. richardi, Henderson, 1993; Henderson and Pauers, 2012; A. trinitatis, Anolis spp. Henderson and Powell, 2018. Corallus hortulanus N Anolis sp. Henderson, 2002. Alsophis antiguae D Anolis sp. Henderson and Sajdak, 1996. Alsophis antillensis D Anolis lividus, A. marmoratus, A. oculatus, Henderson and Sajdak, 1996. Anolis sp. Alsophis rijersmai D Anolis gingivinus Henderson and Sajdak, 1996. Alsophis rufiventris D Anolis sabanus, A. wattsi, Anolis sp. Henderson and Sajdak, 1996. Alsophis spp. D Anolis spp. Henderson and Sajdak, 1996. Borikenophis portoricensis D Anolis cristatellus, A. evermanni, Rodríguez–Robles and Leal, 1993a,b; Henderson and A. monensis, A. pulchellus, A. stratulus, Sajdak, 1996. Anolis spp. Colubridae Cubophis cantherigerus D Anolis angusticeps, A. conspersus, Henderson, 1984a; Novo Rodriguez and de Arazoza (Dipsadinae) A. ophiolepis, A. porcatus, A. quadriocellifer, Rodriguez, 1986; Henderson and Sajdak, 1996. A. sagrei, Anolis sp. Cubophis vudii D Anolis brunneus, A. sagrei, A. scriptus, Henderson and Sajdak, 1996. Anolis sp. Erythrolamprus perfuscus D Anolis extremus Emsley, 1963; Michaud and Dixon, 1989. Haitiophis anomalus D Anolis sp. Henderson and Sajdak, 1996. Hypsirhynchus ferox D Anolis cybotes, Anolis spp. Henderson, 1984a,b. Hypsirhynchus parvifrons D Anolis brevirostris, A. chlorocyanus, Franz and Gicca, 1982; Henderson, 1984a. A. cybotes, Anolis sp. Laltris dorsalis D Anolis sp. Henderson, 1984a. 984 Luis A. García–Ayachi et al. Table 2. Continued Table 2. List of snake species that prey on Anolis spp. as recorded in the literature and in this study. D = Diurnal; N = Nocturnal. Family Species Habit Prey References ImantodesChilabothrus cenchoa monensis N Anolis cfsp. auratus, A. capito, A. barkeri, HendersonNellis et al., and 1983. Nickerson, 1976; Duellman, 1978; Corallus cookii N A.Anolis chrysolepis, griseus, A. frenatus,trinitatis. A. fuscoauratus, Campbell,Henderson 1999; et al., Martins2007; Henderson and Oliveira, and 1998;Pauers, 2012; A. lemurinus, A. mariarum, A. ortonii, Duellman,Henderson 2005;and Powell, Gutierrez 2018. and Arredondo, 2005; Boidae A. petersii, A. planiceps, A. punctatus, Pérez–Higareda et al., 2007; García–Padilla and Luna– (Boinae) Corallus grenadensis N A.Anolis rodriguezii, aeneus, A.A. trachyderma,griseus, A. richardi, A. uniformis, Alcántara,Henderson, 2011; 1993; Ray Henderson et al., 2011; and Pauers,de Sousa 2012; et al., AnolisA. trinitatis, sp. Anolis spp. 2014;Henderson Natera and et Powell,al., 2015; 2018. Clause and Clause, 2016; Corallus hortulanus N Anolis sp. Torres–CarvajalHenderson, 2002. et al., 2018; Alamy, 2020a. ImantodesAlsophis antiguae gemmistratus ND Anolis sp.sp. Henderson and Nickerson,Sajdak, 1996. 1976. ImantodesAlsophis antillensis inornatus ND Anolis sp.lividus, A. marmoratus,
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