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Checklist of Helminths from Lizards and Amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America Ticle R A

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Checklist of Helminths from Lizards and Amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America Ticle R A The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases ISSN 1678-9199 | 2010 | volume 16 | issue 4 | pages 543-572 Checklist of helminths from lizards and amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America TICLE R A Ávila RW (1), Silva RJ (1) EVIEW R (1) Department of Parasitology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Abstract: A comprehensive and up to date summary of the literature on the helminth parasites of lizards and amphisbaenians from South America is herein presented. One-hundred eighteen lizard species from twelve countries were reported in the literature harboring a total of 155 helminth species, being none acanthocephalans, 15 cestodes, 20 trematodes and 111 nematodes. Of these, one record was from Chile and French Guiana, three from Colombia, three from Uruguay, eight from Bolivia, nine from Surinam, 13 from Paraguay, 12 from Venezuela, 27 from Ecuador, 17 from Argentina, 39 from Peru and 103 from Brazil. The present list provides host, geographical distribution (with the respective biome, when possible), site of infection and references from the parasites. A systematic parasite-host list is also provided. Key words: Cestoda, Nematoda, Trematoda, Squamata, neotropical. INTRODUCTION The present checklist summarizes the diversity of helminths from lizards and amphisbaenians Parasitological studies on helminths that of South America, providing a host-parasite list infect squamates (particularly lizards) in South with localities and biomes. America had recent increased in the past few years, with many new records of hosts and/or STUDIED REGIONS localities and description of several new species (1-3). Such studies, however, date back to 1920, This checklist was prepared based on records when Dr. Lauro Travassos and his colleagues of nematodes, acanthocephalans, cestodes, presented important contributions to the field and trematodes published from 1914 to 2010, of helminth systematics (4-6). excluding material from the so called “grey The first comprehensive efforts to literature”, that is, records of unpublished theses summarize the knowledge about helminths of or scientific meetings. The taxonomy of helminths squamates are those from Baker (7), who listed follows: nematodes, cestodes, trematodes and all available published data on the occurrence of acanthocephalans (6, 8, 11-15). Whenever nematodes infecting reptiles and amphibians. possible, taxonomy of hosts is reviewed with Other studies have a regional scope and treat recent publications. each helminth group separately, for example, Each record is constituted by the class, order, nematodes collected from reptiles of Brazil, superfamily, family and species of the helminth; as digenetic trematodes of amphibians and well as the name of the authority who described it reptiles from Argentina and acanthocephalans and year; besides its host(s), geographical record in amphibians and reptiles from Brazil and with country and state/province (when available) Paraguay (8-10). and information on biome of host. Comments Ávila RW, Silva RJ. Checklist of helminths lizards and amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America include taxonomy, synonyms and also changes in Zamora-Chinchipe (ZC), Sucumbíos (SU), the host taxonomy. and Orellana (OR). Abbreviations for all political units cited in • Peru: Amazonas (AM), Ancash (AN), this paper are: Apurímac (AP), Arequipa (AR), Ayacucho • Brazil: Acre (AC), Alagoas (AL), Amapá (AP), (AY), Cajamarca (CA), Callao (CL), Cusco Amazonas (AM), Bahia (BA), Ceará (CE), (CU), Huancavelica (HU), Huánuco (HA), Distrito Federal (DF), Goiás (GO), Espírito Ica (IC), Junin (JU), La Libertad (LL), Santo (ES), Maranhão (MA), Mato Grosso Lambayeque (LA), Lima (LI), Loreto (LO), (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Minas Gerais Madre de Dios (MD), Moquegua (MO), Pasco (MG), Pará (PA), Paraíba (PB), Paraná (PR), (PA), Piura (PI), Puno (PU), San Martín (SM), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), Rio de Janeiro Tacna (TA), Tumbes (TU), and Ucayali (UC). (RJ), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Rio Grande • Colombia: Amazonas (AM), Antioquia (AN), do Sul (RS), Rondônia (RO), Roraima (RR), Arauca (AR), Atlántico (AT), Bolívar (BO), São Paulo (SP), Santa Catarina (SC), Sergipe Boyacá (BY), Caldas (CA), Caquetá (CQ), (SE), and Tocantins (TO). Casanare (CS), Cauca (CU), Cesar (CE), • Argentina: Buenos Aires (BA), Catamarca Chocó (CH), Córdoba (CO), Cundinamarca (CA), Córdoba (CR), Corrientes (CO), (CN), Guainía (GU), Guaviare (GA), Huila Chaco (CH), Chubut (CB), Entre Rios (ER), (HU), La Guajira (LG), Magdalena (MA), Meta Formosa (FO), Jujuy (JU), La Pampa (LP), La (ME), Nariño (NA), Norte de Santander (NS), Rioja (LR), Mendoza (ME), Misiones (MI), Putumayo (PU), Quindío (QU), Risaralda Neuquén (NE), Rio Negro (RN), Salta (SA), (RI), San Andrés (SA), Santander (SN), Sucre San Juan (SJ), San Luis (SL), Santa Cruz (SC), (SU), Tolima (TO), Valle del Cauca (VC), Santa Fe (SF), Santiago del Estero (SE), Tierra Vaupés (VA), and Vichada (VI). del Fuego (TF), and Tucumán (TU). • Chile: Aisén (AI), Antofagasta (AN), • Paraguay: Alto Paraguay (AP), Alto Paraná Araucanía (AU), Arica (AR), Atacama (AT), (AA), Amambay (AM), Distrito Capital (DC), Biobío (BI), Coquimbo (CO), Los Rios (LR), Boquerón (BO), Caaguazú (CA), Caazapá Los Lagos (LL), Magallanes (MG), Maule (CZ), Canindeyú (CN), Central (CE), (MA), O´Higgins (OH), Santiago (AS), Concepción (CO), Cordillera (CR), Guairá Tarapacá (TA) and Valparaiso (VA). (GU), Itapúa (IT), Misiones (MI), Ñeembucú • Uruguay: Artigas (AR), Canelones (CA), (NE), Paraguarí (PA), Presidente Hayes (PH), Cerro Largo (CL), Colônia (CO), Durazno and San Pedro (SP). (DU), Flores (FL), Florida (FO), Lavalleja • Bolivia: Chuquisaca (CH), Cochabamba (CO), (LA), Maldonado (MA), Montevidéu (MO), Beni (BE), La Paz (LP), Oruro (OR), Pando Paysandú (PA), Río Negro (RN), Rivera (RI), (PA), Potosí (PO), Santa Cruz (SC), and Tarija Rocha (RO), Salto (SA), San José (SJ), Soriano (TA). (SO), Tacuarembó (TA), and Treinta y Tres • Venezuela: Amazonas (AM), Anzoátegui (TT). (AN), Apure (AP), Aragua (AR), Barinas (BA), • Surinam: Brokopondo (BR), Commewijne Bolívar (BO), Carabobo (CA), Cojedes (CO), (CO), Coronie (CR), Marowijne (MA), Delta Amacuro (DA), Falcón (FA), Guárico Nickerie (NI), Para (PA), Paramaribo (PR), (GU), Lara (LA), Mérida (ME), Miranda Saramacca (SA), Sipaliwini (SI), and Wanica (MI), Monagas (MO), Nueva Esparta (NE), (WA). Portuguesa (PO), Sucre (SU), Táchira (TA), • French Guiana: Awala-Yalimapo (AY), Trujillo (TR), Yaracuy (YA), Vargas (VA), and Apatou (AP), Camopi (CA), Cayenne Zulia (ZU). (CY), Grand-Santi (GS), Iracoubo (IR), • Ecuador: Azuay (AZ), Bolívar (BO), Kourou (KO), Macouria (MC), Mana Cañar (CA), Carchi (CR), Cotopaxi (CO), (MA), Maripasoula (MR), Matoury (MT), Chimborazo (CH), Galápagos (GA), Imbabura Montsinéry-Tonnegrande (MO), Ouanary (IM), Loja (LO), Pichincha (PI), Tungurahua (OU), Papaïchton (PA), Régina (RE), Remire- (TU), El Oro (EO), Esmeraldas (ES), Guayas Montjoly (RM), Roura (RO), Saint-Élie (SE), (GU), Los Ríos (LR), Manabí (MA), Morona- Saint-Georges (SG), Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni Santiago (MS), Napo (NA), Pastaza (PA), (SL), Saül (SA), and Sinnamary (SI). J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis | 2010 | volume 16 | issue 4 544 Ávila RW, Silva RJ. Checklist of helminths lizards and amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America • Guyana: Barima-Waini (BW), Pomeroon- Hosts: Tropidurus torquatus Supenaam (PS), Essequibo Islands-West Site of infection: Small intestine Demerara (EI), Demerara-Mahaica (DM), Distribution: Brazil (19). Mahaica-Berbice (MB), East Berbice- Corentyne (EC), Cuyuni-Mazaruni (CM), Polymorphida Potaro-Siparuni (PS), Upper Takutu-Upper Centrorhynchidae Essequibo (TE), and Upper Demerara-Berbice Hosts: Mabuya macrorhyncha; M. agilis Raddi, (DB). 1823, Hemidactylus mabouia Moreau de Jonnés, 1818, Enyalius bilineatus Duméril & Bibron, LIST OF HELMINTHS 1837 Site of infection: Peritonium, liver; mesentery Acanthocephala Distribution: Brazil – Queimada Grande island Hosts: Tropidurus torquatus Wied-Neuwied, 1820 (Atlantic forest) and Valinhos (Cerrado), SP; Site of infection: Stomach wall Grussaí (Restinga) and Nova Iguaçu (Atlantic Distribution: Argentina – CO (Chaco). Forest), RJ; Praia das Neves (Restinga) and Comments: No indication of family and/or Marechal Floriano (Atlantic Forest), ES. genus, but probably belong to Centrorhynchidae, Comments: All citations above consist of since several cystacanths of this family have been cystacanth occurrence and are, thus, difficult to found in South American lizards (16). identify to species level, because reproductive structures are required (20-24). Archiacanthocephala Oligacanthorhynchida Centrorhynchus Lühe, 1911 Oligacanthorhynchidae Centrorhynchus tumidulus Rudolphi, 1919 Oligacanthorhynchus Travassos, 1915 Hosts: Ameiva ameiva; Tropidurus torquatus; Oligacanthorhynchus sp. Tupinambis teguixin Linnaeus, 1758 Hosts: Ameiva ameiva Linnaeus, 1758 Site of infection: Body cavity Distribution: Paraguay – Rio Negro (Chaco), PH Comments: Tupinambis teguixin found in Rio de (10). Janeiro and in open habitats in South America may actually correspond to T. merianae. Palaeacanthocephala Distribution: Brazil – Rio de Janeiro (Atlantic Echinorhynchida Forest), RJ (25, 26). Echinorhynchidae Hosts: Mabuya macrorhyncha Hoge, 1946 Centrorhynchus sp. Site of infection: Stomach wall Hosts: Tupinambis teguixin Distribution: Brazil – Trancoso (Restinga), BA. Site of infection:
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