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CAT Vertebradosgt CDC CECON USAC 2019 Catálogo de Autoridades Taxonómicas de vertebrados de Guatemala CDC-CECON-USAC 2019 Centro de Datos para la Conservación (CDC) Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (Cecon) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Este documento fue elaborado por el Centro de Datos para la Conservación (CDC) del Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (Cecon) de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Guatemala, 2019 Textos y edición: Manolo J. García. Zoólogo CDC Primera edición, 2019 Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (Cecon) de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala ISBN: 978-9929-570-19-1 Cita sugerida: Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas [Cecon]. (2019). Catálogo de autoridades taxonómicas de vertebrados de Guatemala (Documento técnico). Guatemala: Centro de Datos para la Conservación [CDC], Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas [Cecon], Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala [Usac]. Índice 1. Presentación ............................................................................................ 4 2. Directrices generales para uso del CAT .............................................. 5 2.1 El grupo objetivo ..................................................................... 5 2.2 Categorías taxonómicas ......................................................... 5 2.3 Nombre de autoridades .......................................................... 5 2.4 Estatus taxonómico ................................................................ 5 2.5 Distribución ............................................................................. 5 2.6 Fuentes de referencia .............................................................. 5 2.7 Condiciones de uso de la información ................................ 7 2.8 Garantía de información ........................................................ 7 2.9 Solicitud de retroalimentación .............................................. 7 3. Listado nomenclatural ........................................................................... 8 3.1 Elasmobranchii ....................................................................... 8 3.2 Actinopteri ............................................................................... 11 3.3 Amphibia ................................................................................. 44 3.4 Reptilia ..................................................................................... 51 3.5 Aves ........................................................................................... 61 3.6 Mammalia ................................................................................ 88 4. Listado taxonómico ............................................................................... 97 4.1 General ..................................................................................... 97 4.2 Elasmobranchii ....................................................................... 98 4.3 Actinopteri ............................................................................... 105 4.4 Amphibia ................................................................................. 187 4.5 Reptilia ..................................................................................... 201 4.6 Aves ........................................................................................... 224 4.7 Mammalia ................................................................................ 285 5. Agradecimientos .................................................................................... 308 6. Referencias .............................................................................................. 308 3 1. Presentación La diversidad biológica provee diversos bienes y servicios ambientales, base del desarrollo y bienestar de las sociedades humanas, por lo que el conocimiento de la misma es clave para el manejo adecuado y su conservación (Laterra, Jobbagy, & Paruelo, 2011). En el Convenio de Diversidad Biológica (CDB), así como en los instrumentos nacionales relacionados con la diversidad biológica, se plantea la necesidad de completar inventarios nacionales de especies y ecosistemas (Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas [Conap], 2011; Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas [Conap], 2012). Se estima que a nivel mundial aún queda por describir el 86% de las especies terrestres y 91% de las es- pecies marinas (Mora, Tittensor, Adl, Simpson, & Worm, 2011). Lo que nos indica que aún hace falta mucho por conocer de la diversidad biológica del planeta. Sin embargo, la poca asignación de recursos para investigación, la complejidad de procesos administrativos y el im- pedimento taxonómico son limitantes para alcanzar un mayor conocimiento de las especies presentes en una determinada región (Acosta & Pérez-González, 2019). El Centro de Datos para la Conservación (CDC) del Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (Cecon) de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (Usac), creado en 1989, cuenta con una base de datos de Patrimonio Natural de Guatemala desarrollada a través de la metodología de Patrimonio Natural (Natural Heritage en inglés), compartida con otros CDCs de Norte y Latinoamérica (Barrios et al., 2014). La base de datos del CDC cuenta con una sección sobre la clasificación taxonómica de las especies que se han registrado en el país, la cual se conoce como Rastreo de elemento (RE) dentro de la metodología de Patrimonio Natural, y es equiva- lente a un Catálogo de Autoridades Taxonómicas (CAT). Los CAT son listados de nombres científicos con sus respectivas autoridades, y los mismos contribuyen a mejorar el control de la calidad de datos nomenclaturales que se ingresan a bases de datos sobre diversidad biológica (Villaseñor, Ortiz, & Redonda-Martínez, 2008). Con base en la información disponible en el RE del área de zoología, se generó el presente CAT de vertebrados (Subphylum Vertebrata) de Guatemala en formato de documento digital para facilitar su divulgación. Este es un aporte al conocimiento de la diversidad biológica del país, así como una contribución para disminuir el impedimento taxonómico al facilitar la consulta del estatus taxonómico y la distribución de especies en el país. También es un aporte para la ejecución de estrategias y acciones que se enmarcan en acuerdos internacionales como el CDB e instrumentos nacionales como la política nacional de diversidad biológica. En el presente documento se incluyen dos niveles de CAT; el primero es un listado nomenclatural y el segundo es un listado taxonómico. En el listado nomenclatural se incluyen 2,394 especies válidas con sus respectivas autoridades y se presenta en orden filogenético, cuando se contó con dicha información en la base. El listado taxonómico incluye un total de 5,003 taxas con información sobre la categoría taxonó- mica, estatus taxonómico y si Guatemala se incluye dentro del rango de distribución conocido. Este último se presenta en orden alfabético para faciliar la consulta de los diferentes taxas. 4 2. Directrices generales para uso del CAT 2.1 El grupo objetivo Los vertebrados son un grupo de animales (Reino Animalia), clasificados en el Subreino Bilateria, Infrareino Deuterostomia, Phylum Chor- data y Subphylum Vertebrata. Se caracterizan por poseer, en su mayoría, simetría bilateral, un cráneo que protege al cerebro y una columna vertebral (Orr, 1974). Para Guatemala se han reportado alrededor de 2,364 especies de vertebrados que corresponden a seis clases: Elasmo- branchii, Actinopteri, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves y Mammalia (Cano, 2006; Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas [Conap], 2008). 2.2 Categorías taxonómicas Para el listado nomenclatural se incluyen las siguientes categorías taxonómicas: Clase, Orden, Familia, Género y Especie. Y para el listado taxonómico se incluyen: Reino, Subreino, Infrareino, Phylum, Subphylum, Infraphylum, Superclase, Clase, Subclase, Superorden, Orden, Suborden, Superfamilia, Familia, Subfamilia, Tribu, Género, Especie y Subespecie. 2.3 Nombre de autoridades Las autoridades de un determinado nombre científico corresponden a la persona o personas que lo describieron por primera vez en una publicación científica, por lo cual constituye una referencia importante para propósitos de precisión nomenclatural, especialmente cuando se trata de homónimos nomenclaturales (dos o más taxones con el mismo nombre) (Villaseñor et al., 2008). Para cada taxón se incluye el (los) apellido(s) del autor o autores y el año de descripción separado por una coma. En el caso de que haya más de un autor con el mismo apellido se incluyen las iniciales del nombre antecediendo al apellido y separadas por un espacio en blanco. 2.4 Estatus taxonómico Se incluyen las siguientes categorías de estatus taxonómico: (a) Válido, (b) Inválido, cuando no fue posible confirmar que el nombre co- rresponde a un sinónimo reconocido, (c) Sinónimo, (d) Sinónimo ambiguo, cuando no es posible determinar el nombre válido a partir del sinónimo, y (e) Mal escrito, cuando se presentan errores de escritura del nombre en alguna publicación. 2.5 Distribución En esta sección se presentan las siguientes categorías sobre la distribución de la especie en Guatemala: (a) En rango, cuando el taxón ha sido registrado en el país, (b) Potencial, cuando ha sido registrado en dos o más países vecinos, y (c) Fuera de rango, cuando no se cuenta con registro en el país ni en países vecinos. 2.6 Fuentes de referencia La sección
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