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Table S3.1. Habitat Use of Sampled Snakes. Taxonomic Nomenclature

Table S3.1. Habitat Use of Sampled Snakes. Taxonomic Nomenclature

Table S3.1. use of sampled . Taxonomic nomenclature follows the current classification indexed in the Database ( http://www.reptile-database.org/ ). For some , references may reflect outdated taxonomic status. Individual species are coded for habitat association according to Table 3.1. References for this table are listed below. Habitat use for species without a reference were inferred from sister taxa.

Broad Habitat Specific Habit Species Association Association References Acanthophis antarcticus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cogger, 2014 Acanthophis laevis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial O'Shea, 1996 Acanthophis praelongus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cogger, 2014 Acanthophis pyrrhus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cogger, 2014 Acanthophis rugosus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cogger, 2014 Acanthophis wellsi Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cogger, 2014 meiguensis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Wang et al., 2009 Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Das, 2010 dumerili Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Acrantophis madagascariensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 arafurae Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal Murphy, 2012 Acrochordus granulatus Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal Lang & Vogel, 2005 Acrochordus javanicus Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal Lang & Vogel, 2005 Acutotyphlops kunuaensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Acutotyphlops subocularis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Adelophis foxi Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic McVay & Carstens, 2013 Adelphicos quadrivirgatum Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial McCranie, 2011 Afronatrix anoscopus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 angolensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Afrotyphlops bibronii Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Afrotyphlops congestus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Afrotyphlops elegans Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Afrotyphlops fornasinii Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Afrotyphlops lineolatus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Afrotyphlops mucruso Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Afrotyphlops obtusus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Afrotyphlops punctatus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 bilineatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Agkistrodon howardgloydi Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Agkistrodon piscivorus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Agkistrodon russeolus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Agkistrodon taylori Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 fasciolata Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Ahaetulla fronticincta Arboreal Arboreal Das, 2012 Ahaetulla mycterizans Arboreal Arboreal Baker & Lim, 2008 Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Ahaetulla prasina Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 201 Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 apraefrontalis Marine Reef-Flat Heatwole, 1999 Aipysurus duboisii Marine Reef-Flat Heatwole, 1999 Marine Coastal Heatwole, 1999 Aipysurus foliosquama Marine Reef-Flat Heatwole, 1999 Marine Reef-Flat Heatwole, 1999 Marine Coral-Reefs Heatwole, 1999 Marine Coastal Heatwole, 1999 Alluaudina bellyi Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 antiguae Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Alsophis manselli Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Alsophis rijgersmaei Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Alsophis rufiventris Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Alsophis sajdaki Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Alsophis sibonius Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Amastridium veliferum Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Savage, 2002 dimidiata Fossorial Soil-Burrower Spawls et al., 2002 Amblyodipsas polylepis Fossorial Soil-Burrower Spawls et al., 2002 Amerotyphlops brongersmianus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Amerotyphlops reticulatus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Amerotyphlops tasymicris Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Amphiesma stolatum Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Amplorhinus multimaculatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Anilios affinis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios ammodytes Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios australis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios bicolor Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios bituberculatus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios centralis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios diversus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios endoterus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios ganei Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios grypus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios guentheri Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios hamatus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios howi Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios kimberleyensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios leptosomus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios ligatus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios longissimus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios nigrescens Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios pilbarensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios pinguis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios polygrammicus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios proximus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios silvia Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios splendidus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios troglodytes Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios unguirostris Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios waitii Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Anilios wiedii Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 scytale Semifossorial Generalist-II Maschio et al., 2010 leonardi Fossorial Soil-Burrower Steubing & Inger, 1999 Antaresia childreni Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Cogger, 2014 Antaresia maculosa Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Cogger, 2014 Antaresia perthensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Antaresia stimsoni Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 capensis Fossorial Soil-Burrower Graham & Marais, 2007 Aparallactus guentheri Fossorial Soil-Burrower Graham & Marais, 2007 Fossorial Soil-Burrower Spawls et al., 2002 Fossorial Soil-Burrower Spawls et al., 2002 Aplopeltura Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 albicollaris Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Apostolepis cearensis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Apostolepis dimidiata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Apostolepis flavotorquata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Apostolepis nigrolineata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Archelaphe bella Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2012 Argyrophis diardii Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Argyrophis muelleri Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Arizona elegans Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Arrhyton dolichura Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Arrhyton procerum Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Arrhyton redimitum Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Arrhyton supernum Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Arrhyton taeniatum Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Arrhyton tanyplectum Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Arrhyton vittatum Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Aspidelaps scutatus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Graham & Marais, 2007 Aspidites melanocephalus Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Aspidites ramsayi Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Aspidomorphus lineaticollis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris O'Shea, 1996 Aspidomorphus muelleri Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris O'Shea, 1996 Aspidomorphus schlegeli Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris O'Shea, 1996 Ukuwela & Dawundasekara, Aspidura ceylonensis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris 2012 Ukuwela & Dawundasekara, Aspidura drummondhayi Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris 2012 Ukuwela & Dawundasekara, Aspidura guentheri Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris 2012 Ukuwela & Dawundasekara, Aspidura trachyprocta Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris 2012 Asthenodipsas laevis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Asthenodipsas lasgalenensis Arboreal Arboreal Loredo et al., 2013 Asthenodipsas malaccanus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Asthenodipsas vertebralis Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 barbouri Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Arboreal Arboreal Phelps, 2010 Arboreal Arboreal Phelps, 2010 Arboreal Arboreal Phelps, 2010 Arboreal Arboreal Phelps, 2010 Atheris matildae Arboreal Arboreal Phelps, 2010 Arboreal Arboreal Phelps, 2010 Atheris squamigera Arboreal Arboreal Phelps, 2010 bibronii Fossorial Soil-Burrower Graham & Marais, 2007 Atractaspis boulengeri Fossorial Soil-Burrower Shine et al., 2006 Atractaspis corpulenta Fossorial Soil-Burrower Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Atractaspis microlepidota Fossorial Soil-Burrower Spawls et al., 2002 Atractaspis micropholis Fossorial Soil-Burrower Shine et al., 2006 albuquerquei Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Bernarde & Abe, 2006 Atractus badius Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Passos et al., 2010 Atractus elaps Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Passos et al., 2010 Atractus flammigerus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Passos et al., 2010 Atractus reticulatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Passos et al., 2010 Atractus schach Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Passos et al., 2010 Atractus trihedrurus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Passos et al., 2010 Atractus wagleri Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Passos et al., 2010 Atractus zebrinus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Passos et al., 2010 Atractus zidoki Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Passos et al., 2010 Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Atretium yunnanensis Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Liu et al., 2012 Atropoides indomitus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Atropoides mexicanus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Atropoides nummifer Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Atropoides occiduus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Atropoides olmec Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Austrelaps labialis Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Austrelaps superbus Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Azemiops feae Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Phelps, 2010 Balanophis ceylonensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Bamanophis dorri Terrestrial Terrestrial-Scansorial Schatti & Trape, 2008 Bitia hydroides Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal-Burrower Chan-ard et al., 2015 arietans Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Bitis armata Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Bitis atropos Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Bitis caudalis Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Phelps, 2010 Bitis cornuta Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Bitis gabonica Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Bitis nasicornis Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Bitis parviocula Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Bitis peringueyi Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Phelps, 2010 Bitis rhinoceros Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Bitis rubida Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Bitis schneideri Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Phelps, 2010 Bitis worthingtoni Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Bitis xeropaga Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Savage, 2002 capensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Boaedon fuliginosus Terrestrial Terrestrial Spawls et al., 2002 Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Boaedon olivaceus Terrestrial Terrestrial Spawls et al., 2002 Boaedon radfordi Terrestrial Terrestrial Boaedon upembae Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Graham & Marais, 2007 Boaedon virgatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Bogertophis rosaliae Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Bogertophis subocularis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 barnesii Arboreal Arboreal Boiga beddomei Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Boiga ceylonensis Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Boiga cyanea Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Boiga cynodon Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Boiga dendrophila Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Boiga drapezii Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Boiga forsteni Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Boiga irregularis Arboreal Arboreal Lang & Vogel, 2005 Boiga jaspidea Arboreal Arboreal Baker & Lim, 2008 Boiga kraepelini Arboreal Arboreal Liu et al., 2012 Boiga multomaculata Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Boiga nigriceps Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Boiga quincunciata Arboreal Arboreal Das, 2012 Boiga siamensis Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Boiga trigonata Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Boiruna maculata Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 portoricensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Borikenophis variegatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Bothriechis aurifer Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothriechis bicolor Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothriechis guifarroi Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothriechis lateralis Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothriechis marchi Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothriechis nigroviridis Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothriechis rowleyi Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothriechis schlegelii Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothriechis supraciliaris Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothriechis thalassinus Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrochilus albertisii Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Bothrochilus boa Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial O'Shea, 1996 Bothrochilus meridionalis Terrestrial Terrestrial O'Shea, 1996 Bothrocophias hyoprora Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrocophias microphthalmus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrolycus ater Terrestrial Terrestrial Trape, 1985 Bothrophthalmus brunneus Terrestrial Terrestrial Trape, 1985 Bothrophthalmus lineatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Spawls et al., 2002 Bothrops alcatraz Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops alternatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops ammodytoides Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops asper Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops atrox Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops bilineata Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops brazili Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops caribbaeus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops chloromelas Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops cotiara Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops diporus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops erythromelas Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops fonsecai Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops insularis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops itapetiningae Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops jararaca Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops jararacussu Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops lanceolatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops leucurus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops lutzi Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops marajoensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops marmoratus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops matogrossensis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops moojeni Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops neuwiedi Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops oligolepis Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops osbornei Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops pauloensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops pictus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops pubescens Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops pulchra Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops punctatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Bothrops taeniata Arboreal Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Brachyophidium rhodogaster Fossorial Soil-Burrower Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Brachyorrhos raffrayi Terrestrial Terrestrial Murphy et al., 2012 Brachyorrhos wallacei Terrestrial Terrestrial Murphy et al., 2012 Brachyurophis approximans Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Brachyurophis australis Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Brachyurophis incinctus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Brachyurophis morrisi Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Brachyurophis roperi Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Brachyurophis semifasciatus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Bungarus bungaroides Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2012 Bungarus caeruleus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Bungarus candidus Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Bungarus ceylonicus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Bungarus fasciatus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Bungarus flaviceps Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Grismer, 2011 Bungarus multicinctus Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2012 Bungarus niger Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Bungarus sindanus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Bungarus slowinskii Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Caaeteboia amarali Terrestrial Terrestrial Passos et al., 2012 Calabaria reinhardtii Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Calamaria pavimentata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Grismer, 2011 Calamaria yunnanensis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Das, 2010 Calamodontophis paucidens Terrestrial Terrestrial Calliophis castoe Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Smith et al., 2012 Calliophis melanurus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Calliophis nigrescens Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Calloselasma rhodostoma Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 aspera Terrestrial Terrestrial McCoy, 2006 Arboreal Arboreal Lang & Vogel, 2005 Candoia superciliosa Arboreal Arboreal Zug, 2013 Cantoria violacea Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal-Burrower Baker & Lim, 2008 Caraiba andreae Terrestrial Terrestrial Alfonso et al., 2013 Carphophis amoenus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Carphophis vermis Fossorial Soil-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Casarea dussumieri Arboreal Arboreal O'Shea, 2007 Causus defilippii Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Causus resimus Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Causus rhombeatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Cemophora coccinea Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Cerastes cerastes Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Phelps, 2010 Cerastes gasperettii Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Phelps, 2010 Cerastes vipera Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Phelps, 2010 Cerberus australis Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal Murphy, 2012 Cerberus microlepis Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal Baker & Lim, 2008 Cerberus rynchops Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal Grismer, 2011 Cerrophidion godmani Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Cerrophidion petlalcalensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Cerrophidion tzotzilorum Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 bottae Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Charina umbratica Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 angulifer Arboreal Arboreal Nellis et al., 1983 Chilabothrus chrysogaster Terrestrial Terrestrial Nellis et al., 1983 Chilabothrus exsul Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Chilabothrus fordii Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal O'Shea, 2007 Chilabothrus inornatus Arboreal Arboreal Nellis et al., 1983 Chilabothrus monensis Arboreal Arboreal Nellis et al., 1983 Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal O'Shea, 2007 Chilabothrus strigilatus Arboreal Arboreal Nellis et al., 1983 Chilabothrus subflavus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal O'Shea, 2007 Chilomeniscus stramineus Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Chionactis occipitalis Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Chironius bicarinatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Chironius carinatus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Savage, 2002 Chironius exoletus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Savage, 2002 Chironius flavolineatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Chironius foveatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Hartmann et al., 2011 Chironius fuscus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Chironius grandisquamis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Savage, 2002 Chironius laevicollis Terrestrial Terrestrial Martins et al., 2008 Chironius laurenti Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Chironius monticola Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Chironius multiventris Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Chironius quadricarinatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Chironius scurrulus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Chrysopelea ornata Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Chrysopelea paradisi Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Chrysopelea pelias Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Chrysopelea taprobanica Arboreal Arboreal Guptha et al., 2015 Clelia clelia Terrestrial Terrestrial Savage, 2002 Clonophis kirtlandii Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Coelognathus erythrurus Terrestrial Terrestrial Lang & Vogel, 2005 Coelognathus flavolineatus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Grismer, 2011 Coelognathus helena Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Coelognathus radiatus Semiarboreal GeneralistI Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Coelognathus subradiatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Coluber bilineatus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Coluber constrictor Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Coluber flagellum Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Coluber lateralis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Coluber schotti Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Coluber taeniatus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Compsophis albiventris Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw et al., 2007 Compsophis boulengeri Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Compsophis infralineatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Compsophis laphystius Arboreal Arboreal Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Coniophanes fissidens Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Savage, 2002 Contia longicaudae Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Feldman & Hoyer, 2010 Contia tenuis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 annulatus Arboreal Arboreal Stafford & Henderson, 1996 Arboreal Arboreal Stafford & Henderson, 1996 Corallus cookii Arboreal Arboreal Stafford & Henderson, 1996 Arboreal Arboreal Stafford & Henderson, 1996 Arboreal Arboreal Stafford & Henderson, 1996 Corallus hortulanus Arboreal Arboreal Stafford & Henderson, 1996 Arboreal Arboreal Stafford & Henderson, 1996 Coronella austriaca Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Kreiner, 2007 Coronella girondica Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Crotalus adamanteus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus aquilus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus atrox Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus basiliscus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus catalinensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus cerastes Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus cerberus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus culminatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus durissus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus enyo Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus ericsmithi Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus horridus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus intermedius Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus lannomi Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus lepidus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus mitchellii Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus molossus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus oreganus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus polystictus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus pricei Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus pusillus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus ravus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus ruber Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus scutulatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus simus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus stejnegeri Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus tancitarensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus tigris Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus totonacus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus transversus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus triseriatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus tzabcan Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus viridis Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotalus willardi Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Spawls et al., 2002 Crotaphopeltis tornieri Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Spawls et al., 2002 Cryophis hallbergi Terrestrial Terrestrial Cryptophis nigrescens Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Cogger, 2014 Cubophis cantherigerus Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Cubophis caymanus Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Cubophis fuscicauda Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Cubophis ruttyi Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Cubophis vudii Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Cyclophiops major Terrestrial Terrestrial Liu et al., 2012 Cyclophiops multicinctus Arboreal Arboreal maculatus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cylindrophis ruffus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Lang & Vogel, 2005 Daboia deserti Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Phelps, 2010 Daboia mauritanica Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Phelps, 2010 Daboia palaestinae Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Phelps, 2010 Daboia russelii Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Phelps, 2010 Dasypeltis atra Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Dasypeltis confusa Terrestrial Terrestrial Dasypeltis fasciata Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Dasypeltis gansi Terrestrial Terrestrial Dasypeltis latericia Terrestrial Terrestrial Dasypeltis sahelensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Dasypeltis scabra Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Deinagkistrodon acutus Terrestrial Terrestrial Orlov et al., 2002 Demansia papuensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Demansia psammophis Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Demansia vestigiata Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Dendrelaphis bifrenalis Arboreal Arboreal Dendrelaphis caudolineatus Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Dendrelaphis caudolineolatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Dendrelaphis cyanochloris Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Dendrelaphis formosus Arboreal Arboreal Baker & Lim, 2008 Dendrelaphis fulginosus Arboreal Arboreal Das, 2010 Dendrelaphis haasi Arboreal Arboreal Das, 2012 Dendrelaphis marenae Arboreal Arboreal Dendrelaphis ngansonensis Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Dendrelaphis pictus Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Dendrelaphis schokari Arboreal Arboreal Dendrelaphis striatus Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Dendrelaphis subocularis Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Dendrelaphis tristis Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Dendroaspis angusticeps Arboreal Arboreal Graham & Marais, 2007 Dendroaspis jamesoni Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Dendroaspis polylepis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Graham & Marais, 2007 Dendrophidion dendrophis Terrestrial Terrestrial Bernarde & Abe, 2006 Dendrophidion percarinatum Terrestrial Terrestrial Savage, 2002 Denisonia devisi Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Cogger, 2014 Diadophis punctatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Dieurostus dussumieri Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Kumar et al., 2012 Dipsadoboa brevirostris Arboreal Arboreal Rasmussen, 1989 Dipsadoboa duchesnii Arboreal Arboreal Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Dipsadoboa shrevei Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Dipsadoboa unicolor Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Dipsadoboa weileri Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Dipsas albifrons Arboreal Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Dipsas articulata Arboreal Arboreal Savage, 2002 Dipsas catesbyi Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Bernarde & Abe, 2006 Dipsas indica Arboreal Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Dipsas neivai Arboreal Arboreal Pizzatto et al., 2008 Dipsas pavonina Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Dipsas peruana Arboreal Arboreal Harvey & Embert, 2008 Dipsas pratti Arboreal Arboreal Harvey & Embert, 2008 Dipsas variegata Arboreal Arboreal Harvey & Embert, 2008 Dipsina multimaculata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Graham & Marais, 2007 Dispholidus typus Arboreal Arboreal Graham & Marais, 2007 Ditypophis vivax Terrestrial Terrestrial Dolichophis caspius Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Kreiner, 2007 Dolichophis cypriensis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Dolichophis jugularis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Disi et al., 2001 Dolichophis schmidti Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Amr & Disi, 2011 Drepanoides anomalus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Dromicodryas bernieri Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Dromicodryas quadrilineatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Drymarchon corais Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Drymarchon couperi Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Drymobius rhombifer Terrestrial Terrestrial Savage, 2002 Drymoluber brazili Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 Drymoluber dichrous Terrestrial Terrestrial Bernarde & Abe, 2006 Dryocalamus davisonii Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Dryocalamus nympha Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Dryocalamus subannulatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Dryocalamus tristrigatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Das, 2012 Dryophiops philippina Arboreal Arboreal Brown et al., 1996 Dryophiops rubescens Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Drysdalia coronoides Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Cogger, 2014 Drysdalia mastersii Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Cogger, 2014 Drysdalia rhodogaster Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Cogger, 2014 Duberria lutrix Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Graham & Marais, 2007 Duberria variegata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Graham & Marais, 2007 Echinanthera melanostigma Terrestrial Terrestrial Hartmann et al., 2011 Echinanthera undulata Terrestrial Terrestrial Hartmann et al., 2011 Echiopsis curta Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Cogger, 2014 borkini Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Echis carinatus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Phelps, 2010 Echis coloratus Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Echis jogeri Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Echis khosatzkii Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Echis leucogaster Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Echis ocellatus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Phelps, 2010 Echis omanensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Echis pyramidum Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Eirenis aurolineatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis barani Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis collaris Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis coronelloides Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis decemlineatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis eiselti Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis hakkariensis Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis levantinus Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis lineomaculatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis medus Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis modestus Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis persicus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis punctatolineatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis rothii Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Mahlow et al., 2013 Eirenis thospitis Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Mahlow et al., 2013 Elaphe anomala Terrestrial Terrestrial Elaphe bimaculata Terrestrial Terrestrial Liu et al., 2012 Elaphe carinata Terrestrial Terrestrial Elaphe climacophora Terrestrial Terrestrial Elaphe davidi Terrestrial Terrestrial Elaphe dione Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Elaphe quadrivirgata Terrestrial Terrestrial Ota, 1986 Elaphe quatuorlineata Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Kreiner, 2007 Elaphe sauromates Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Kreiner, 2007 Elaphe schrenckii Terrestrial Terrestrial Elaphe zoigeensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Huang et al., 2015 Elapognathus coronatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Elapomorphus quinquelineatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Elapotinus picteti Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Elapsoidea nigra Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Spawls et al., 2002 Elapsoidea semiannulata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Graham & Marais, 2007 Elapsoidea sundevallii Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Graham & Marais, 2007 Emydocephalus annulatus Marine Reef-Flat Heatwole, 1999 Enhydris enhydris Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Grismer, 2011 Enhydris innominata Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Das, 2010 Enhydris jagorii Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Chan-ard et al., 2015 Enhydris longicauda Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Das, 2010 Enhydris subtaeniata Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Chan-ard et al., 2015 Ephalophis greyae Marine Intertidal Heatwole, 1999 alvarezi Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal O'Shea, 2007 Epicrates assisi Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal O'Shea, 2007 Epicrates cenchria Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Savage, 2002 Epicrates crassus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal O'Shea, 2007 Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Savage, 2002 Epictia columbi Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Epictia goudotii Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Epictia magnamaculata Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Epictia tenella Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Eristicophis macmahoni Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Phelps, 2010 Erpeton tentaculatum Freshwater Lentic Chan-ard et al., 2015 Erythrolamprus aesculapii Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial França et al., 2008 Erythrolamprus almadensis Terrestrial Terrestrial França et al., 2008 Erythrolamprus atraventer Terrestrial Terrestrial Marques et al., 2009 Erythrolamprus breviceps Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Martins & Oliveria, 1998 Erythrolamprus ceii Terrestrial Terrestrial Erythrolamprus cursor Terrestrial Terrestrial Henderson, 2004 Erythrolamprus epinephelus Terrestrial Terrestrial Savage, 2002 Erythrolamprus jaegeri Terrestrial Terrestrial Barbo et al., 2011 Erythrolamprus juliae Terrestrial Terrestrial Henderson, 2004 Erythrolamprus miliaris Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Duarte et al., 2014 Erythrolamprus mimus Terrestrial Terrestrial Savage, 2002 Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus Terrestrial Terrestrial Barbo et al., 2011 Erythrolamprus pygmaeus Terrestrial Terrestrial Martins & Oliveria, 1998 Erythrolamprus typhlus Terrestrial Terrestrial Barbo et al., 2011 colubrinus Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Spawls et al, 2002 Eryx conicus Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Al-Sadoon & Al-Otaibi, 2004 Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Eryx muelleri Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Eryx tataricus Semifossorial Sand-Burrower murinus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic França & Araújo, 2006 Eunectes notaeus Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Waller, 2007 Euprepiophis conspicillata Terrestrial Terrestrial Euprepiophis mandarinus Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Euprepiophis perlacea Terrestrial Terrestrial Exiliboa placata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Bogert & Rowley, 1968 Farancia abacura Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Farancia erytrogramma Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Fordonia leucobalia Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal-Burrower Grismer, 2011 Furina diadema Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Cogger, 2014 Furina ornata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Cogger, 2014 Garthius chaseni Terrestrial Terrestrial Malkmus et al., 2002 Geophis carinosus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Lee, 1996 Geophis dubius Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Geophis juarezi Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Geophis latifrontalis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Geophis occabus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Geophis turbidus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Gerarda prevostiana Aquatic-Mixed Intertidal-Burrower Baker & Lim, 2008 Gerrhopilus hedraeus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Gerrhopilus mirus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Gloydius blomhoffii Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Gloydius brevicaudus Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Gloydius halys Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Gloydius intermedius Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Gloydius liupanensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Gloydius saxatilis Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Gloydius shedaoensis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Gloydius strauchi Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Gloydius tsushimaensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Gloydius ussuriensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Gomesophis brasiliensis Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic França & Araújo, 2006 Gonionotophis brussauxi Terrestrial Terrestrial Spawls et al., 2002 Gonionotophis capensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Gonionotophis chanleri Terrestrial Terrestrial Gonionotophis nyassae Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Gonionotophis poensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Spawls et al., 2002 Gonionotophis stenophthalmus Terrestrial Terrestrial Spawls et al., 2002 Gonyosoma boulengeri Arboreal Arboreal Liu et al., 2012 Gonyosoma frenatum Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Gonyosoma jansenii Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Lang & Vogel, 2005 Gonyosoma margaritatum Arboreal Arboreal Malkmus et al., 2002 Gonyosoma oxycephalum Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Gonyosoma prasinum Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Grayia ornata Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Trape, 1985 Grayia smithii Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Spawls et al., 2002 Grayia tholloni Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Spawls et al., 2002 Haitiophis anomalus Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Haldea striatula Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Hapsidophrys lineatus Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Hapsidophrys principis Arboreal Arboreal Hapsidophrys smaragdina Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Hebius atemporale Terrestrial Terrestrial Orlov et al., 2000 Hebius bitaeniatum Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Hebius boulengeri Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Hebius craspedogaster Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Liu et al., 2012 Hebius deschauenseei Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Hebius johannis Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Hebius khasiense Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Hebius metusium Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Hebius modestum Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Hebius octolineatum Terrestrial Terrestrial Hebius optatum Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Hebius parallelum Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Das, 2012 Hebius popei Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Hebius sauteri Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Liu et al., 2012 Hebius venningi Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Hebius vibakari Terrestrial Terrestrial Helicops angulatus Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed-Burrower França & Araújo, 2006 Helicops carinicaudus Freshwater Freshwater-Burrower Hartmann et al., 2011 Helicops gomesi Freshwater Freshwater-Burrower Rossman, 1985 Helicops hagmanni Freshwater Freshwater-Burrower Rossman, 1985 Helicops infrataeniatus Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed-Burrower Rossman, 1985 Hemachatus haemachatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Hemerophis socotrae Terrestrial Terrestrial Schatti & Utiger, 2001 Hemerophis zebrinus Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiaspis damelii Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Hemiaspis signata Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Hemibungarus calligaster Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Siler et al., 2011 Hemirhagerrhis hildebrandtii Arboreal Arboreal Hemirhagerrhis kelleri Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Hemirhagerrhis viperina Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Graham & Marais, 2007 Hemorrhois algirus Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Hemorrhois hippocrepis Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Hemorrhois nummifer Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Disi et al., 2001 Hemorrhois ravergieri Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Disi et al., 2001 Herpetoreas burbrinki Fossorial Subterranean-Debris Herpetoreas platyceps Fossorial Subterranean-Debris Heterodon nasicus Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Heterodon platirhinos Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Heterodon simus Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Nussbaum & Raxworthy, Heteroliodon occipitalis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris 2000 Hierophis andreanus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Hierophis gemonensis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Kreiner, 2007 Hierophis viridiflavus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Kreiner, 2007 Homalopsis buccata Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Baker & Lim, 2008 Homoroselaps lacteus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Graham & Marais, 2007 Hoplocephalus bitorquatus Arboreal Arboreal Cogger, 2014 Hoplocephalus bungaroides Arboreal Arboreal Cogger, 2014 Hormonotus modestus Terrestrial Terrestrial Spawls et al., 2002 Hydrelaps darwiniensis Marine Intertidal Heatwole, 1999 Hydrodynastes bicinctus Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Marques et al., 2013 Hydrodynastes gigas Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Marques et al., 2013 Hydromorphus concolor Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Savage, 2002 Hydrophis atriceps Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Marine Coastal Heatwole, 1999 Hydrophis brooki Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis caerulescens Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis coggeri Marine Coral-Reefs Heatwole, 1999 Hydrophis curtus Marine Coral-Reefs Das, 2010 Hydrophis cyanocinctus Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis czeblukovi Marine Coastal Heatwole, 1999 Hydrophis donaldi Marine Coastal Ukuwela et al., 2012 Hydrophis elegans Marine Deep-Water Heatwole, 1999 Hydrophis fasciatus Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis gracilis Marine Deep-Water Das, 2010 Hydrophis jerdonii Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis kingii Marine Deep-Water Heatwole, 1999 Hydrophis lamberti Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis lapemoides Marine Deep-Water Das, 2010 Hydrophis macdowelli Marine Coastal Heatwole, 1999 Hydrophis major Marine Deep-Water Heatwole, 1999 Hydrophis melanocephalus Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis obscurus Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis ornatus Marine Coral-Reefs Das, 2010 Hydrophis pachycercos Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis pacificus Marine Coastal Heatwole, 1999 Hydrophis parviceps Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis peronii Marine Reef-Flat Das, 2010 Hydrophis platurus Marine Pelagic Heatwole, 1999 Hydrophis schistosus Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Aquatic- Hydrophis semperi Freshwater Riverine Heatwole, 1999 Hydrophis spiralis Marine Deep-Water Das, 2010 Hydrophis stokesii Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis stricticollis Marine Coastal Das, 2010 Hydrophis viperinus Marine Deep-Water Das, 2010 Hydrophis zweifeli Marine Coastal Heatwole, 1999 Hydrops triangularis Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed-Burrower Rossman, 1985 Hypnale hypnale Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Hypnale nepa Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Hypnale zara Terrestrial Terrestrial Gloyd and Conant, 1990 Hypsiglena affinis Terrestrial Terrestrial Hypsiglena chlorophaea Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Hypsiglena jani Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Hypsiglena slevini Terrestrial Terrestrial Grismer, 2002 Hypsiglena tanzeri Terrestrial Terrestrial Hypsiglena torquata Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Hypsiglena unaocularus Terrestrial Terrestrial Mulcahy et al., 2014 Hypsirhynchus callilaemus Terrestrial Terrestrial Henderson, 1982 Hypsirhynchus ferox Terrestrial Terrestrial Henderson, 1982 Hypsirhynchus funereus Terrestrial Terrestrial Henderson, 1982 Hypsirhynchus parvifrons Terrestrial Terrestrial Henderson, 1982 Hypsirhynchus polylepis Terrestrial Terrestrial Henderson, 1982 Hypsirhynchus scalaris Terrestrial Terrestrial Henderson, 1982 Hypsiscopus matannensis Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Lang & Vogel, 2005 Hypsiscopus plumbea Freshwater Freshwater-Burrower Grismer, 2011 Ialtris dorsalis Terrestrial Terrestrial Ialtris haetianus Terrestrial Terrestrial Imantodes cenchoa Arboreal Arboreal Savage, 2002 Imantodes chocoensis Arboreal Arboreal Imantodes gemmistratus Arboreal Arboreal Savage, 2002 Imantodes inornatus Arboreal Arboreal Savage, 2002 Imantodes lentiferus Arboreal Arboreal Indotyphlops albiceps Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Indotyphlops braminus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Indotyphlops pammeces Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Inyoka swazicus Terrestrial Terrestrial-Scansorial Kelly et al., 2011 Ithycyphus miniatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Glaw & Vences, 1994 Ithycyphus oursi Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Glaw & Vences, 1994 Lachesis acrochorda Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Lachesis melanocephala Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Lachesis muta Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Lachesis stenophrys Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Lampropeltis abnorma Terrestrial Terrestrial McCranie, 2011 Lampropeltis alterna Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis annulata Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis californiae Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis calligaster Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis elapsoides Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis extenuata Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis gentilis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis getula Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis holbrooki Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis knoblochi Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis mexicana Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Lampropeltis micropholis Terrestrial Terrestrial Savage, 2002 Lampropeltis nigra Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis polyzona Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis pyromelana Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis ruthveni Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis splendida Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis triangulum Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Lampropeltis webbi Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Lampropeltis zonata Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Ernst & Ernst, 2003 aurora Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Lamprophis fiskii Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Lamprophis fuscus Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Lamprophis guttatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Rock Graham & Marais, 2007 Langaha madagascariensis Arboreal Arboreal Glaw & Vences, 1994 Laticauda colubrina Marine Amphibious Heatwole, 1999 Laticauda frontalis Marine Amphibious Heatwole, 1999 Laticauda guineai Marine Amphibious Heatwole, 1999 Laticauda laticaudata Marine Amphibious Heatwole, 1999 Laticauda saintgironsi Marine Amphibious Heatwole, 1999 Laticauda semifasciata Marine Amphibious Heatwole, 1999 Leioheterodon geayi Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Leioheterodon madagascariensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Leioheterodon modestus Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Leptodeira annulata Semiaquatic Generalist-I Savage, 2002 Leptodeira bakeri Terrestrial Terrestrial Leptodeira frenata Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Lee, 1996 Leptodeira maculata Terrestrial Terrestrial Leptodeira nigrofasciata Terrestrial Terrestrial Savage, 2002 Leptodeira polysticta Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Leptodeira punctata Semiaquatic Generalist-I Rorabaugh, 2008 Leptodeira rubricata Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Savage, 2002 Leptodeira septentrionalis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Savage, 2002 Leptodeira splendida Terrestrial Terrestrial Leptodeira uribei Terrestrial Terrestrial Leptophis ahaetulla Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal McCranie, 2011 Leptophis depressirostris Arboreal Arboreal Solorzano, 2004 Leptophis diplotropis Arboreal Arboreal Rorabaugh, 2008 Leptotyphlops conjunctus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Leptotyphlops distanti Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Leptotyphlops kafubi Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Leptotyphlops merkeri Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Leptotyphlops nigricans Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Leptotyphlops nigroterminus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Leptotyphlops pitmani Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Leptotyphlops scutifrons Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Leptotyphlops sylvicolus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Lepturophis albofuscus Arboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Grismer, 2011 Letheobia episcopus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Letheobia feae Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Letheobia newtoni Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Letheobia simonii Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Liasis fuscus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Cogger, 2014 Liasis mackloti Terrestrial Terrestrial O'Shea, 1996 Liasis olivaceus Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Liasis papuana Terrestrial Terrestrial O'Shea, 1996 Lichanura trivirgata Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Liodytes alleni Freshwater Freshwater-Burrower Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Liodytes pygaea Freshwater Freshwater-Burrower Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Liodytes rigida Freshwater Freshwater-Burrower Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Liopeltis frenatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Liophidium chabaudi Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Glaw & Vences, 1994 Liophidium maintikibo Terrestrial Terrestrial Vieites et al., 2010 Liophidium mayottensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Vieites et al., 2010 Liophidium pattoni Terrestrial Terrestrial Vieites et al., 2010 Liophidium rhodogaster Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Liophidium therezieni Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Liophidium torquatum Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Liophidium vaillanti Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Liopholidophis baderi Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw et al., 2014 Liopholidophis dimorphus Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw et al., 2014 Liopholidophis dolicocercus Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw et al., 2014 Liopholidophis grandidieri Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Liopholidophis oligolepis Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw et al., 2014 Liopholidophis rhadinaea Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Liopholidophis sexlineatus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Glaw & Vences, 1994 Liopholidophis varius Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw et al., 2014 Liotyphlops albirostris Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 bicolor Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Savage, 2002 Lycodon alcalai Terrestrial Terrestrial Lycodon aulicus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Lycodon bibonius Terrestrial Terrestrial Lycodon butleri Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Lycodon capucinus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Lycodon carinatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Lycodon cavernicolus Terrestrial Terrestrial-Scansorial Grismer et al., 2014 Lycodon chrysoprateros Terrestrial Terrestrial Lycodon dumerilii Terrestrial Terrestrial Lycodon effraenis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Das, 2012 Lycodon fasciatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Lycodon flavozonatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Liu et al., 2012 Lycodon futsingensis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Das, 2010 Lycodon gongshan Terrestrial Terrestrial Lycodon jara Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Lycodon laoensis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Lycodon liuchengchaoi Terrestrial Terrestrial Zhang et al., 2011 Lycodon muelleri Terrestrial Terrestrial Lycodon multizonatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Lycodon osmanhilli Terrestrial Terrestrial Lycodon paucifasciatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Lycodon rufozonatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Liu et al., 2012 Lycodon ruhstrati Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Das, 2010 Lycodon semicarinatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Lycodon subcinctus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Baker & Lim, 2008 Lycodon synaptor Terrestrial Terrestrial Lycodon zawi Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Lycodonomorphus inornatus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Kelly et al., 2011 Lycodonomorphus laevissimus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Graham & Marais, 2007 Lycodonomorphus rufulus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Graham & Marais, 2007 Lycodonomorphus whytii Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Spawls et al., 2002 Lycodryas citrinus Arboreal Arboreal Vences et al., 2004 Lycodryas cococola Arboreal Arboreal Hawlitschek et al., 2012 Lycodryas gaimardi Arboreal Arboreal Glaw & Vences, 1994 Lycodryas granuliceps Arboreal Arboreal Glaw & Vences, 1994 Lycodryas inopinae Arboreal Arboreal Vences et al., 2004 Lycodryas inornatus Arboreal Arboreal Glaw & Vences, 1994 Lycodryas maculatus Arboreal Arboreal Hawlitschek et al., 2012 Lycodryas pseudogranuliceps Arboreal Arboreal Vences et al., 2004 Lycophidion capense Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Lycophidion laterale Terrestrial Terrestrial Spawls et al., 2002 Lycophidion nigromaculatum Terrestrial Terrestrial Leaché et al., 2006 Lycophidion ornatum Terrestrial Terrestrial Spawls et al., 2002 Lygophis anomalus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Bellini et al., 2015 Lygophis elegantissimus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Rodrigues, 1996 Lygophis flavifrenatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Lygophis lineatus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Lygophis meridionalis Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 Lygophis paucidens Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 Lytorhynchus diadema Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Disi et al., 2001 Macrelaps microlepidotus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Shine et al., 2006 Macropisthodon rhodolemas Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Baker & Lim, 2008 Macropisthodon rudis Terrestrial Terrestrial Macroprotodon abubakeri Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Macroprotodon brevis Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Macroprotodon cucullatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Macroprotodon mauritanicus Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Macrovipera lebetina Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Phelps, 2010 Macrovipera schweizeri Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Madagascarophis colubrinus Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Madagascarophis fuchsi Terrestrial Terrestrial Madagascarophis meridionalis Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Madatyphlops andasibensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Madatyphlops arenarius Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Magliophis exiguum Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Tolson & Henderson, 2006 Magliophis stahli Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Tolson & Henderson, 2006 Malayopython reticulatus Terrestrial Generalist-I Grismer, 2011 Malayopython timoriensis Terrestrial Generalist-I Malayotyphlops luzonensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Malayotyphlops ruber Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Malpolon insignitus Terrestrial Terrestrial Disi et al., 2001 Malpolon monspessulanus Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Manolepis putnami Terrestrial Terrestrial Mastigodryas bifossatus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic França & Araújo, 2006 Mastigodryas boddaerti Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Martins et al., 2008 Mastigodryas melanolomus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Savage, 2002 Melanophidium punctatum Fossorial Soil-Burrower Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Micropechis ikaheka Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris O'Shea, 1996 Micropisthodon ochraceus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Glaw & Vences, 1994 Micruroides euryxanthus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus albicinctus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus alleni Semifossorial Generalist-II McCranie, 2011 Micrurus altirostris Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus baliocoryphus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus brasiliensis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus corallinus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Hartmann et al., 2011 Micrurus decoratus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus diastema Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris McCranie, 2011 Micrurus dissoleucus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus frontalis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus fulvius Semifossorial Generalist-II Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus hemprichii Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Bernarde & Abe, 2006 Micrurus ibiboboca Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Rodrigues, 1996 Micrurus lemniscatus Semifossorial Generalist-II Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus mipartitus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus mosquitensis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus narduccii Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus psyches Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus pyrrhocryptus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Micrurus spixii Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Bernarde & Abe, 2006 Micrurus surinamensis Semifossorial Generalist-II Bernarde & Abe, 2006 Micrurus tener Semifossorial Generalist-II Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Mimophis mahfalensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Mitophis asbolepis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Mitophis leptipileptus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Mitophis pyrites Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Mixcoatlus barbouri Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Mixcoatlus browni Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Mixcoatlus melanurus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Montivipera albizona Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Montivipera bornmuelleri Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Montivipera latifii Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Montivipera raddei Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Montivipera wagneri Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Montivipera xanthina Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Morelia bredli Arboreal Arboreal Cogger, 2014 Morelia carinata Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Morelia spilota Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Cogger, 2014 Myriopholis adleri Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Myriopholis algeriensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Myriopholis blanfordi Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Myriopholis boueti Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Myriopholis longicauda Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Myriopholis macrorhyncha Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Myriopholis rouxestevae Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Myron richardsonii Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Murphy, 2012 Myrrophis chinensis Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Das, 2010 anchietae Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Graham & Marais, 2007 Naja annulata Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Naja annulifera Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Graham & Marais, 2007 Naja arabica Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Spawls et al., 2002 Naja ashei Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Spawls et al., 2002 Naja atra Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Das, 2010 Naja haje Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Spawls et al., 2002 Naja kaouthia Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Naja katiensis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Naja melanoleuca Semiarboreal Generalist-I Graham & Marais, 2007 Naja mossambica Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Graham & Marais, 2007 Naja multifasciata Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Naja naja Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Naja nigricincta Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Spawls et al., 2002 Naja nigricollis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Graham & Marais, 2007 Naja nivea Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Graham & Marais, 2007 Naja nubiae Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Spawls et al., 2002 Naja pallida Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Spawls et al., 2002 Naja senegalensis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Spawls et al., 2002 Naja siamensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Naja sputatrix Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Das, 2012 Naja sumatrana Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Baker & Lim, 2008 Namibiana occidentalis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Natriciteres olivacea Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Graham & Marais, 2007 Natrix maura Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Kreiner, 2007 Natrix natrix Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Kreiner, 2007 Natrix tessellata Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Kreiner, 2007 Nerodia clarkii Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Nerodia cyclopion Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Nerodia erythrogaster Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Nerodia fasciata Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Nerodia floridana Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Nerodia harteri Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Nerodia paucimaculata Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Nerodia rhombifer Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Nerodia sipedon Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Nerodia taxispilota Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Ninia atrata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Savage, 2002 Ninia sebae Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Savage, 2002 Notechis scutatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Oligodon arnensis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Oligodon barroni Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Oligodon calamarius Terrestrial Terrestrial Oligodon chinensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Oligodon cinereus Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Oligodon cruentatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2012 Oligodon cyclurus Terrestrial Terrestrial Oligodon formosanus Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Oligodon maculatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Oligodon modestus Terrestrial Terrestrial Oligodon ocellatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Oligodon octolineatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Baker & Lim, 2008 Oligodon planiceps Terrestrial Terrestrial Oligodon splendidus Terrestrial Terrestrial Oligodon sublineatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Amarasinghe et al., 2015 Oligodon taeniatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Oligodon taeniolatus Semifossorial Generalist-III Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Oligodon theobaldi Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2012 Oligodon torquatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Oligodon venustus Terrestrial Terrestrial Oocatochus rufodorsatus Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Lee et al., 2011 Opheodrys aestivus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Opheodrys vernalis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Ophiophagus hannah Terrestrial Terrestrial Grismer, 2011 Ophryacus undulatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Opisthotropis cheni Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Cao et al., 2015 Opisthotropis guangxiensis Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Cao et al., 2015 Opisthotropis lateralis Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Das, 2010 Opisthotropis latouchii Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Liu et al., 2012 Oreocryptophis porphyraceus Terrestrial Terrestrial Malkmus et al., 2002 Orientocoluber spinalis Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Orthriophis cantoris Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Liu et al., 2012 Orthriophis hodgsoni Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Orthriophis moellendorffi Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Orthriophis taeniurus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Das, 2010 Ovophis monticola Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Grismer, 2011 Ovophis okinavensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Ovophis tonkinensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Ovophis zayuensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Orlov et al., 2002 Oxybelis aeneus Arboreal Arboreal Oxybelis fulgidus Arboreal Arboreal McCranie, 2011 Oxyrhopus clathratus Terrestrial Terrestrial Hartmann et al., 2011 Oxyrhopus formosus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Gaiarsa et al., 2013 Oxyrhopus guibei Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 Oxyrhopus melanogenys Terrestrial Terrestrial Bernarde & Abe, 2006 Oxyrhopus petolarius Terrestrial Terrestrial Savage, 2002 Oxyrhopus rhombifer Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 Oxyrhopus trigeminus Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 Oxyuranus microlepidotus Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Oxyuranus scutellatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Oxyuranus temporalis Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pantherophis alleghaniensis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Pantherophis bairdi Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Pantherophis emoryi Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Pantherophis guttatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Pantherophis obsoletus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Pantherophis ramspotti Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Pantherophis slowinskii Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Pantherophis spiloides Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Pantherophis vulpinus Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Parahydrophis mertoni Marine Intertidal Heatwole, 1999 Paraphimophis rusticus Terrestrial Terrestrial Gaiarsa et al., 2013 Parastenophis betsileanus Arboreal Arboreal Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Parasuta monachus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Cogger, 2014 Parasuta spectabilis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Cogger, 2014 Pareas atayal Arboreal Arboreal You et al., 2015 Pareas boulengeri Arboreal Arboreal You et al., 2015 Pareas carinatus Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Pareas formosensis Terrestrial Terrestrial You et al., 2015 Pareas hamptoni Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Pareas iwasakii Arboreal Arboreal You et al., 2015 Pareas komaii Arboreal Arboreal You et al., 2015 Pareas margaritophorus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Pareas monticola Arboreal Arboreal You et al., 2015 Pareas nuchalis Arboreal Arboreal You et al., 2015 Pareas stanleyi Arboreal Arboreal You et al., 2015 Paroplocephalus atriceps Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Phalotris bilineatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Phalotris lativittatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Phalotris lemniscatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Phalotris mertensi Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Phalotris nasutus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Braz et al., 2014 Philodryas aestiva Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 Philodryas agassizii Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 Philodryas argentea Arboreal Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Philodryas baroni Arboreal Arboreal Leynaud & Bucher, 2005 Philodryas georgeboulengeri Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Prudente et al., 2008 Philodryas mattogrossensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Silva Jr. et al., 2009 Philodryas nattereri Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal França & Araújo, 2006 Philodryas olfersii Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal França & Araújo, 2006 Philodryas patagoniensis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal França & Araújo, 2006 Philodryas psammophidea Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 Philodryas viridissima Arboreal Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Philothamnus angolensis Semiaquatic Generalist-I Graham & Marais, 2007 Philothamnus carinatus Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Philothamnus girardi Arboreal Arboreal Philothamnus heterodermus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Philothamnus hoplogaster Semiaquatic Generalist-I Graham & Marais, 2007 Philothamnus irregularis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Akinpelu & Areo, 2007 Philothamnus natalensis Arboreal Arboreal Graham & Marais, 2007 Philothamnus nitidus Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Philothamnus semivariegatus Arboreal Arboreal Graham & Marais, 2007 Philothamnus thomensis Arboreal Arboreal Phimophis guerini Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris França & Araújo, 2006 Phisalixella tulearensis Arboreal Arboreal Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Phisalixella variabilis Arboreal Arboreal Vences et al., 2004 Phrynonax poecilonotus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Savage, 2002 Phrynonax polylepis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Phrynonax shropshirei Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Phyllorhynchus browni Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Phyllorhynchus decurtatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Phytolopsis punctata Freshwater Freshwater-Burrower Das, 2010 Pituophis catenifer Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Pituophis deppei Terrestrial Terrestrial Espinal & Smith, 2007 Pituophis lineaticollis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Pituophis melanoleucus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Pituophis ruthveni Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Pituophis vertebralis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Plagiopholis styani Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Liu et al., 2012 Platyceps collaris Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Platyceps elegantissimus Terrestrial Terrestrial Disi et al., 2001 Platyceps florulentus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Spawls et al., 2002 Platyceps karelini Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Disi et al., 2001 Platyceps najadum Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Platyceps rhodorachis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Disi et al., 2001 Platyceps variabilis Terrestrial Terrestrial Platyceps ventromaculatus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Pliocercus elapoides Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial McCranie, 2011 Pliocercus euryzona Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Savage, 2002 Polemon acanthias Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower et al., 2004 Polemon collaris Fossorial Soil-Burrower Spawls et al., 2002 Polemon notatus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Porthidium arcosae Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Porthidium dunni Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Porthidium hespere Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Porthidium lansbergii Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Porthidium nasutum Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Porthidium ophryomegas Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Porthidium porrasi Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Porthidium yucatanicum Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 superciliaris Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Prosymna greigerti Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Chirio, 2012 Prosymna janii Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Graham & Marais, 2007 Prosymna meleagris Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Spawls et al., 2002 Prosymna ruspolii Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Spawls et al., 2002 Prosymna visseri Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Graham & Marais, 2007 Protobothrops cornutus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Das, 2010 Protobothrops dabieshanensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Huang et al., 2015 Protobothrops elegans Terrestrial Terrestrial Pan et al., 2013 Protobothrops flavoviridis Terrestrial Terrestrial Pan et al., 2013 Protobothrops jerdonii Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Protobothrops kaulbacki Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Das, 2010 Protobothrops mangshanensis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Gong et al., 2013 Protobothrops maolanensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Yang et al., 2011 Protobothrops mucrosquamatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Das, 2012 Protobothrops sieversorum Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Das, 2010 Protobothrops tokarensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Pan et al., 2013 Protobothrops xiangchengensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Pan et al., 2013 Psammodynastes pictus Arboreal Arboreal Baker & Lim, 2008 Psammodynastes pulverulentus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Psammophis aegyptius Terrestrial Terrestrial Disi et al., 2001 Psammophis angolensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophis biseriatus Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Psammophis brevirostris Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophis condanarus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Psammophis crucifer Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophis elegans Terrestrial Terrestrial Akinpelu & Areo, 2007 Psammophis jallae Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophis leightoni Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophis leopardinus Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophis lineatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Spawls et al., 2002 Psammophis lineolatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Liu et al., 2012 Psammophis mossambicus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophis namibensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophis notostictus Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophis orientalis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophis phillipsi Terrestrial Terrestrial Luiselli & Akani, 2002 Psammophis praeornatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Chirio, 2012 Psammophis punctulatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Psammophis rukwae Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Psammophis schokari Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Psammophis sibilans Terrestrial Terrestrial Chirio, 2012 Psammophis subtaeniatus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophis sudanensis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Psammophis tanganicus Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Psammophis trigrammus Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophylax acutus Terrestrial Terrestrial Psammophylax rhombeatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophylax tritaeniatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Psammophylax variabilis Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Pseudalsophis dorsalis Terrestrial Terrestrial Pseudalsophis elegans Terrestrial Terrestrial Pseudaspis cana Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Graham & Marais, 2007 Pseudechis australis Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudechis butleri Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudechis colletti Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudechis guttatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudechis papuanus Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudechis porphyriacus Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudelaphe flavirufa Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal McCranie, 2011 Pseudoboa coronata Terrestrial Terrestrial Gaiarsa et al., 2013 Pseudoboa neuwiedii Terrestrial Terrestrial Ugueto & Rivas, 2010 Pseudoboa nigra Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 Pseudoboodon lemniscatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Pseudocerastes fieldi Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Pseudocerastes persicus Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Pseudocerastes urarachnoides Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Pseudoeryx plicatilis Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed-Burrower Rossman, 1985 Pseudoferania polylepis Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Cogger, 2014 Pseudoficimia frontalis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Rorabaugh, 2008 Pseudoleptodeira latifasciata Terrestrial Terrestrial Pseudonaja affinis Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudonaja inframacula Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudonaja ingrami Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudonaja modesta Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudonaja nuchalis Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudonaja textilis Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Pseudorabdion longiceps Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Grismer, 2011 Pseudorabdion oxycephalum Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Leviton & Brown, 1959 Pseudotomodon trigonatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Pseudotyphlops philippinus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower, 2003 Pseudoxenodon bambusicola Terrestrial Terrestrial Liu et al., 2012 Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Pseudoxenodon macrops Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Pseudoxyrhopus ambreensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw & Vences, 1994 Psomophis genimaculatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Di Pietro et al., 2010 Psomophis joberti Terrestrial Terrestrial Di Pietro et al., 2010 Psomophis obtusus Terrestrial Terrestrial Di Pietro et al., 2010 Ptyas carinata Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Ptyas dhumnades Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Liu et al., 2012 Ptyas fusca Arboreal Generalist-I Baker & Lim, 2008 Ptyas luzonensis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Ptyas mucosa Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Ptyas nigromarginata Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Ptychophis flavovirgatus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Gonzalez et al., 2014 Python anchietae Terrestrial Terrestrial O'Shea, 2007 Python bivittatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2012 Python brongersmai Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Python curtus Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2012 Python molurus Terrestrial Terrestrial Lang & Vogel, 2005 Python regius Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Python sebae Arboreal Generalist-I Spawls et al., 2002 Pythonodipsas carinata Terrestrial Terrestrial Graham & Marais, 2007 Ramphotyphlops acuticaudus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Ramphotyphlops lineatus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Regina grahamii Freshwater Freshwater-Burrower Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Regina septemvittata Freshwater Freshwater-Burrower Gibbons & Dorcas, 2004 Rena dissectus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Rena dulcis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Rena humilis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Rhabdophis adleri Terrestrial Terrestrial Zhao, 1997 Rhabdophis chrysargos Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Grismer, 2011 Rhabdophis guangdongensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Zu et al., 2014 Rhabdophis himalayanus Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Rhabdophis leonardi Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Rhabdophis nigrocinctus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Chan-ard et al., 2015 Rhabdophis nuchalis Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Rhabdophis subminiatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Rhabdophis swinhonis Terrestrial Terrestrial Rhabdophis tigrinus Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Rhachidelus brazili Terrestrial Terrestrial França & Araújo, 2006 Rhadinaea flavilata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Rhadinaea fulvivittis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Rhagerhis moilensis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Amr & Disi, 2011 Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Spawls et al., 2002 Rhamphiophis rostratus Semifossorial Generalist-III Graham & Marais, 2007 Rhamphiophis rubropunctatus Semifossorial Generalist-III Spawls et al., 2002 Rhinechis scalaris Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Kreiner, 2007 Rhinobothryum lentiginosum Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Savage, 2002 Rhinocheilus lecontei Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Rhinoleptus koniagui Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Rhinophis blythii Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower, 2003 Rhinophis dorsimaculatus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower, 2004 Rhinophis drummondhayi Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower, 2005 Rhinophis erangaviraji Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower, 2006 Rhinophis homolepis Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower, 2007 Rhinophis oxyrhynchus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower, 2008 Rhinophis philippinus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower, 2009 Rhinophis travancoricus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower, 2010 Rhinoplocephalus bicolor Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 lalandei Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Rhinotyphlops unitaeniata Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Rodriguesophis iglesiasi Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Gaiarsa et al., 2013 Salvadora grahamiae Terrestrial Terrestrial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Salvadora mexicana Terrestrial Terrestrial Bogert,1939 madagascariensis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Glaw & Vences, 1994 Scaphiodontophis annulatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Savage, 2002 Scaphiophis albopunctatus Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Spawls et al., 2002 Senticolis triaspis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Savage, 2002 Siagonodon septemstriatus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Sibon annulatus Arboreal Arboreal Solorzano, 2004 Sibon dimidiatus Arboreal Arboreal McCranie, 2011 Sibon nebulatus Arboreal Arboreal Savage, 2002 Sibynomorphus mikanii Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal França & Araújo, 2006 Sibynomorphus neuwiedi Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Barbo et al., 2011 Sibynomorphus turgidus Terrestrial Terrestrial Bellini et al., 2015 Sibynomorphus vagus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Sibynomorphus ventrimaculatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Cechin & Oliviera, 2003 Sibynophis bistrigatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Sibynophis chinensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Liu et al., 2012 Sibynophis collaris Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Sibynophis subpunctatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Sibynophis triangularis Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Simalia amethistina Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Simalia boeleni Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal O'Shea, 1996 Simalia kinghorni Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Harvey et al., 2000 Simalia nauta Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Harvey et al., 2000 Simalia tracyae Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Harvey et al., 2000 Simoselaps anomalus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Simoselaps bertholdi Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Simoselaps bimaculatus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Simoselaps littoralis Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Simoselaps minimus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Sinomicrurus japonicus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Sinomicrurus kelloggi Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Das, 2010 Sinomicrurus macclellandi Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Sinonatrix aequifasciata Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Das, 2010 Sinonatrix annularis Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Das, 2010 Sinonatrix percarinata Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Chan-ard et al., 2015 Siphlophis cervinus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Gaiarsa et al., 2013 Siphlophis compressus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Savage, 2002 Siphlophis longicaudatus Arboreal Arboreal Barbo et al., 2011 Siphlophis pulcher Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Hartmann et al., 2011 Sistrurus catenatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Sistrurus miliarius Terrestrial Terrestrial Campbell & Lamar, 2004 Sonora aemula Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cox et al., 2012 Sonora michoacanensis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cox et al., 2012 Sonora mutabilis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Cox et al., 2012 Sonora semiannulata Fossorial Soil-Burrower Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Sordellina punctata Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Pereira et al., 2007 Spalerosophis diadema Terrestrial Terrestrial Disi et al., 2001 Spalerosophis microlepis Terrestrial Terrestrial Spilotes pullatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Savage, 2002 Spilotes sulphureus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Stenorrhina freminvillei Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Savage, 2002 Stichophanes ningshaanensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Wang et al., 2014 Stoliczkia borneensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Malkmus et al., 2002 Storeria dekayi Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Storeria occipitomaculata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Storeria storerioides Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Anderson, 1960 Subsessor bocourti Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Chan-ard et al., 2015 Suta fasciata Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Suta suta Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Sympholis lippiens Fossorial Soil-Burrower Rorabaugh, 2008 Tachymenis peruviana Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Taeniophallus affinis Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Hartmann et al., 2011 Taeniophallus brevirostris Terrestrial Terrestrial Martins & Oliveira, 1998 Taeniophallus nicagus Terrestrial Terrestrial Martins & Oliveira, 1998 Tantalophis discolor Terrestrial Terrestrial Tantilla coronata Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Tantilla gracilis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Tantilla hobartsmithi Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Tantilla nigriceps Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Tantilla planiceps Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Tantilla relicta Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 beetzei Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Graham & Marais, 2007 Telescopus dhara Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Telescopus fallax Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Kreiner, 2007 Telescopus semiannulatus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Graham & Marais, 2007 Tetracheilostoma breuili Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Tetracheilostoma carlae Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Thamnodynastes hypoconia Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal França & Araújo, 2006 Thamnodynastes lanei Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Bailey et al., 2005 Thamnodynastes pallidus Terrestrial Terrestrial Silva Jr. et al., 2009 Thamnodynastes rutilus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic França & Araújo, 2006 Thamnodynastes strigatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Martins et al., 2008 Thamnophis atratus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis brachystoma Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis butleri Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis chrysocephalus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis couchii Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis cyrtopsis Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis elegans Terrestrial Terrestrial Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis eques Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis exsul Terrestrial Terrestrial Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis fulvus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic McCranie, 2011 Thamnophis gigas Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis godmani Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis hammondii Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis marcianus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic McCranie, 2011 Thamnophis melanogaster Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis nigronuchalis Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis ordinoides Terrestrial Terrestrial Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis proximus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic McCranie, 2011 Thamnophis pulchrilatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis radix Terrestrial Terrestrial Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis rufipunctatus Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis sauritus Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis scalaris Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis scaliger Terrestrial Terrestrial Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis sirtalis Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis sumichrasti Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnophis valida Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Rossman et al., 1996 Thamnosophis epistibes Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Thamnosophis infrasignatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Thamnosophis lateralis Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Thamnosophis martae Terrestrial Terrestrial D'Cruze et al., 2007 Thamnosophis mavotenda Terrestrial Terrestrial Glaw et al., 2009 Thamnosophis stumpffi Terrestrial Terrestrial Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Thelotornis capensis Arboreal Arboreal Graham & Marais, 2007 Thelotornis kirtlandii Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Thermophis baileyi Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Huang et al., 2009 Thermophis shangrila Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Huang et al., 2009 Thermophis zhaoermii Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Huang et al., 2009 Thrasops flavigularis Arboreal Arboreal Andreone & Luiselli, 2000 Thrasops jacksonii Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Tomodon dorsatum Terrestrial Terrestrial Barbo et al., 2011 Toxicocalamus loriae Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Kraus, 2009 Toxicocalamus preussi Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Kraus, 2009 Toxicodryas blandingii Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Toxicodryas pulverulenta Arboreal Arboreal Spawls et al., 2002 Trachischium monticola Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Trachyboa boulengeri Terrestrial Terrestrial Bogert & Rowley, 1968 Trachyboa gularis Terrestrial Terrestrial Bogert & Rowley, 1968 Tretanorhinus nigroluteus Aquatic-Mixed Aquatic-Mixed Savage, 2002 Trilepida macrolepis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 Trimeresurus albolabris Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Trimeresurus andersonii Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Trimeresurus borneensis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Malkmus et al., 2002 Trimeresurus buniana Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Trimeresurus cantori Terrestrial Terrestrial Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Trimeresurus cardamonensis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Malhotra et al., 2011 Trimeresurus erythrurus Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Trimeresurus fasciatus Arboreal Arboreal Lang & Vogel, 2005 Trimeresurus flavomaculatus Arboreal Arboreal Sanders et al., 2004 Trimeresurus fucatus Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Trimeresurus gracilis Terrestrial Terrestrial Lin & Tu, 2008 Trimeresurus gramineus Arboreal Arboreal Sawant & Jadhav, 2013 Trimeresurus gumprechti Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Trimeresurus hageni Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Trimeresurus honsonensis Arboreal Arboreal Das, 2010 Trimeresurus insularis Arboreal Arboreal Das, 2012 Trimeresurus kanburiensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Trimeresurus macrops Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Trimeresurus malabaricus Arboreal Arboreal Sawant & Jadhav, 2013 Trimeresurus malcolmi Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Das, 2012 Trimeresurus mcgregori Arboreal Arboreal Sanders et al., 2004 Trimeresurus medoensis Arboreal Arboreal Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Trimeresurus nebularis Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Trimeresurus popeiorum Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Trimeresurus puniceus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Das, 2012 Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus Arboreal Arboreal Baker & Lim, 2008 Trimeresurus rubeus Arboreal Arboreal Trimeresurus schultzei Arboreal Arboreal Das, 2010 Trimeresurus septentrionalis Arboreal Arboreal Orlov et al., 2002 Trimeresurus sichuanensis Arboreal Arboreal Liu et al., 2014 Trimeresurus stejnegeri Arboreal Arboreal Das, 2012 Trimeresurus sumatranus Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Trimeresurus tibetanus Terrestrial Terrestrial Das, 2010 Trimeresurus trigonocephalus Arboreal Arboreal Das, 2010 Trimeresurus truongsonensis Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Das, 2010 Trimeresurus venustus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Chan-ard et al., 2015 Trimeresurus vogeli Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Trimeresurus wiroti Arboreal Arboreal Chan-ard et al., 2015 Trimeresurus yunnanensis Arboreal Arboreal Das, 2010 Trimorphodon biscutatus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Tropidechis carinatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Cogger, 2014 Tropidoclonion lineatum Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Tropidodipsas fischeri Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal McCranie, 2011 Tropidodipsas sartorii Terrestrial Terrestrial McCranie, 2011 Tropidodryas serra Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Tropidodryas striaticeps Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Martins et al., 2008 Tropidolaemus subannulatus Arboreal Arboreal Lang & Vogel, 2005 Tropidolaemus wagleri Arboreal Arboreal Grismer, 2011 Tropidophis canus Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Tropidophis feicki Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Tropidophis greenwayi Terrestrial Terrestrial Hedges & Garrido, 1992 Tropidophis haetianus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Tropidophis melanurus Arboreal Terrestrial-Arboreal Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Tropidophis pardalis Terrestrial Terrestrial Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Tropidophis taczanowskyi Terrestrial Terrestrial Hedges & Garrido, 1992 Tropidophis wrighti Arboreal Arboreal Schwartz & Henderson, 1991 Typhlophis squamosus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 agoralionis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops anchaurus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops anousius Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops arator Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops biminiensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops capitulatus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops catapontus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops caymanensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops contorhinus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops dominicanus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops eperopeus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops geotomus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops granti Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops guadeloupensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops hectus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops hypomethes Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops jamaicensis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops monastus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops naugus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops notorachius Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops perimychus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops platycephalus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops pusillus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops richardi Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops rostellatus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops schwartzi Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops sulcatus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops sylleptor Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops syntherus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Typhlops titanops Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Ungaliophis continentalis Arboreal Arboreal McCranie, 2011 Ungaliophis panamensis Arboreal Arboreal Savage, 2002 Uromacer catesbyi Arboreal Arboreal Henderson et al., 1987 Uromacer frenatus Arboreal Arboreal Henderson et al., 1987 Uromacer oxyrhynchus Arboreal Arboreal Henderson et al., 1987 Uropeltis liura Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower et al., 2008 Uropeltis melanogaster Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower et al., 2008 Uropeltis phillipsi Fossorial Soil-Burrower Gower et al., 2008 Vermicella annulata Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Vermicella calonotus Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Vermicella intermedia Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Vermicella multifasciata Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Vermicella snelli Fossorial Soil-Burrower Cogger, 2014 Vipera ammodytes Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Vipera aspis Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Vipera dinniki Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Vipera eriwanensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Vipera kaznakovi Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Vipera latastei Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Vipera lotievi Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Vipera orlovi Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Vipera renardi Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Vipera seoanei Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Vipera ursinii Terrestrial Terrestrial Phelps, 2010 Virginia valeriae Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Ernst & Ernst, 2003 Walterinnesia aegyptia Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Baran et al., 2006 Xenocalamus transvaalensis Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Shine et al., 2006 Xenochrophis asperrimus Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Vogel & David, 2006 Xenochrophis flavipunctatus Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Chan-ard et al., 2015 Xenochrophis piscator Semiaquatic Terrestrial-Aquatic Whitaker & Captain, 2004 Xenochrophis punctulatus Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Pauwels et al., 2001 Xenochrophis schnurrenbergeri Freshwater Aquatic-Freshwater Purkayastha et al., 2010 Xenochrophis vittatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Baker & Lim, 2008 Xenodermus javanicus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Chan-ard et al., 2015 Xenodon dorbignyi Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Tozetti et al., 2010 Xenodon guentheri Terrestrial Terrestrial Xenodon histricus Terrestrial Terrestrial Prigioni et al., 2011 Xenodon matogrossensis Terrestrial Terrestrial Xenodon merremi Terrestrial Terrestrial Silva Jr. et al., 2009 Xenodon nattereri Terrestrial Terrestrial Franca & Araujo, 2006 Xenodon neuwiedii Terrestrial Terrestrial Hartmann et al., 2011 Xenodon pulcher Terrestrial Terrestrial Xenodon semicinctus Semifossorial Sand-Burrower Van Devender, 1977 Xenodon severus Terrestrial Terrestrial Bernarde & Abe, 2006 Xenodon werneri Terrestrial Terrestrial unicolor Semifossorial Terrestrial-Fossorial Lang & Vogel, 2005 schaeferi Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris Günther & Manthey, 1995 Xenopholis scalaris Terrestrial Terrestrial Bernarde & Abe, 2006 Xenopholis undulatus Semifossorial Subterranean-Debris França et al., 2008 grandidieri Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Xerotyphlops socotranus Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Xerotyphlops vermicularis Fossorial Subterranean-Burrower Hedges et al., 2014 Zamenis hohenackeri Terrestrial Terrestrial Zamenis lineatus Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007 Zamenis longissimus Semiarboreal Terrestrial-Scansorial Kreiner, 2007 Zamenis persicus Terrestrial Terrestrial Zamenis situla Terrestrial Terrestrial Kreiner, 2007

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We manually replaced the following 37 species: Atheris broadleyi for A. hispida – A. broadleyi was considered a of A. hispida (Menegon et al. 2011); Boiga andamanensis for B. ceylonensis – B. andamanensis was considered a synonym of B. ceylonensis (Vogel and Ganesh 2012); Buhoma depressiceps for Ditypophis vivax – Buhoma is regarded as Lamprophiidae incertae sedis because of its varied phylogenetic placement between molecular studies (Chapter 1), but was once part of Geodipsas (Ziegler et al. 1997), now known as Compsophis (Glaw et al. 2007), which D. vivax is sister to; Candoia bibroni for C. superciliosa – C. superciliosa is the only other species of Candoia represented on the phylogeny; Corallus caninus for C. cropanii – C. caninus was recovered as paraphyletic, but is closely related to C. cropanii (Colston et al. 2013); Conophis vittatus for Conopsis nasus – these genera were paraphyletic with one another, and C. vittatus placed in Colubrinae (Chapter 1), but belongs in (Zaher et al. 2009); Cyclophiops semicarinatus for Ptyas dhumnades – Cyclophiops was synonymized with Ptyas (Chapter 1), and P. dhumnades is an available terminal on the phylogeny; Dasypeltis inornata for D. gansi ; Dasypeltis medici for D. atra ; Dendrelaphis calligaster for D. formosus , D. gastrostictus for D. cyanochloris , and D. papuensis for D. ngansonensis – D. calligaster , D. gastrostictus , and D. papuensis are closely-related Australo- Papuan species (van Rooijen et al. 2015), and since no other Australo-Papuan Dendrelaphis species are represented on the tree, we substituted them with Southeast Asian species that form a clade on the phylogeny; Dipsadoboa viridis for D. brevirostris – D. viridis has been confused with D. brevirostris (Rasmussen 1989); Dipsas andiana for D. neivai – D. andiana shows affinities to D. variegata (Harvey 2008), which is sister to D. neivai on the phylogeny; Dipsas brevifacies for D. articulata , and D. sanctijoannis for D. pratti – these species show affinities to one another (Harvey 2008); and D. temporalis for D. peruana – based on distribution (Harvey and Embert 2008); Ditaxodon taeniatus for Sordellina punctata – Sordellina is in a sister clade to Philodryas , which Ditaxodon is closely related to (Thomas et al. 2006); Drymobius chloroticus for D. rhombifer – D. rhombifer is the only representative of Drymobius on the phylogeny; Dryocalamus philippinus for Lycodon dumerilii – Dryocalamus was synonymized with Lycodon , and L. dumerilii is in a clade sister to Dryocalamus (Chapter 1); Hemirhagerrhis nototaenia for Mimophis mahfalensis – M. mahfalensis is sister to Hemirhagerrhis (Chapter 1); Hoplocephalus stephensii for Paroplocephalus atriceps – P. atriceps is sister to Hoplocephalus (Keogh et al. 2000); Imantodes phantasma for I. chocoensis – I. phantasma is more closely related to I. chocoensis than I. tenuissimus is (Missassi and Prudente 2015); Morelia viridis for M. carinata – M. viridis was recovered as paraphyletic, but is closely related to M. carinata (Reynolds et al. 2014); Oxyrhopus doliatus for O. clathratus – these species show affinities to one another (Bernardo et al. 2012); Philothamnus bequaerti for P. thomensis and P. heterolepidotus for P. girardi – P. bequaerti and P. heterolepidotus are likely closely-related (Largen and Rasmussen 1993) so we replaced them with P. thomensis and P. girardi because they are sister species on the phylogeny; Phimophis guianensis for P. guerini – P. guerini is the only representative of Phimophis on the phylogeny; Phisalixella arctifasciatus for P. variabilis – these species are closely-related (Nagy et al. 2010); Psammophylax multisquamis for P. acutus – P. acutus is the only available representative of Psammophylax on the phylogeny; Pseudohaje goldii for Aspidelaps scutatus and P. nigra for Walterinnesia aegyptia – Pseudohaje is closely- related to Naja (Bogert 1942), and Aspidelaps and Walterinnesia formed a clade sister to Naja (Chapter 1); Ptyas korros for P. nigromarginata - P. korros was recovered as paraphyletic; Sibon sanniolus for S. annulatus – these species are closely-related (Rovito et al. 2012); Sibynomorphus oligozonatus for Thamnodynastes pallidus , and S. vagrans for S. vagus – T. pallidus was paraphyletic and placed within a clade of Sibynomorphus , and S. vagrans for S. vagus show affinities to one another (Cadle 2007); Telescopus tessellatus for T. beetzi – T. beetzi is the only available representative of Telescopus on the phylogeny; Thamnodynastes pallidus for T. rutilus – T. pallidus placed was recovered as paraphyletic; and Tropidodipsas fasciata for Sibon noalamina – S. noalamina places as sister to Tropidodipsas and Sibon (Chapter 1). The following 23 species were not replaced onto the phylogeny because there were no other species in the genus available on the phylogeny: Dendroaspis viridis , Dendrophidion bivittatus , D. nuchale , D. paucicarinatum , D. rufiterminorum , D. vinitor , Dipsadoboa aulica , Imantodes tenuissimus , Ithycyphus goudoti , Leptophis mexicanus , L. modestus , Oxybelis brevirostris, O. wilsoni , Oxyrhopus fitzingeri – taxonomy for this species is uncertain (Chapter 1); Philodryas chamissonis – taxonomy for this species is uncertain (Zaher et al. 2014); Plesiodipsas perijanensis ; Rhamnophis aethiopissa ; R. batesii ; Rhinobothryum bovallii ; Sibon carri ; Thelotornis mossambicanus ; Thrasops occidentalis ; and Tropidodipsas philippii . For the arboreal analysis we made the following additional substitutions: Cyclophiops semicarinatus for C. major – we have no morphological data for C. major and it's the only available species of Cyclophiops on the phylogeny; and Dendrophidion paucicarinatum for D. percarinatum and D. vinitor for D. dendrophis - these species are closely related (Freire et al. 2010).

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