C O L L E G E O F Tropical teaching, research, and extension Administration Agriculture and programs dedicated to discover- Gilmore 202 ing the secrets of basic science 3050 Maile Way while addressing contemporary Honolulu, HI 96822 Human Resources issues. Faculty members bring to Tel: (808) 956-8234 the classroom the unique Fax: (808) 956-9105 Contents perspective of emerging research Web: ctahr.hawaii.edu General Information ...... 304 issues, coupled with an abiding Advising ...... 305 commitment to education. Interim Dean: H. Michael Undergraduate Programs ...... 305 Through its extension Harrington Student Organizations ...... 306 activities, the college provides Associate Dean: Marlene N. Honors and Awards ...... 306 off-campus, noncredit educa- Hapai Graduate Programs ...... 306 tional programs focused on the Instructional and Research Facilities ...... 307 advancement of agriculture in Hawai‘i, the strengthening of General Information Agricultural and Resource Economics ...... 307 Agronomy and Soil Science ...... 308 families, and the improvement of The College of Tropical Animal Sciences ...... 311 communities. Agriculture and Human Re- Biosystems Engineering ...... 313 Through its research activi- sources (CTAHR) was estab- Entomology ...... 314 ties, the college promotes the lished with the founding of the Environmental Biochemistry ...... 316 advancement of agricultural University of Hawai‘i in 1907. Family and Consumer Sciences ...... 316 sciences and applications for CTAHR is a leading academic Food Science and Human Nutrition ...... 318 productive sustainable agricul- institution in tropical agriculture, General Agriculture ...... 319 ture. Investigations cover animal food science and human Horticulture ...... 320 physiology; plant biotechnology nutrition, textiles and clothing, Plant Molecular Physiology ...... 322 and physiology; diseases, insects, and human resources. Hawai‘i’s Plant Pathology ...... 323 and parasites; agronomy; soils; unique geographic location, food science; food processing; ecological diversity, and agricultural engineering; multicultural population provide students with a living biochemistry; human and animal nutrition; breeding and laboratory. The college is the locus of educational opportu- genetics; and culture, production, economics, marketing, nities for students preparing to become tomorrow’s scien- and quality of life for individuals and families. tists, business leaders, family development specialists, fashion designers and merchandisers, nutritionists, and policy makers. The land-grant mission of CTAHR provides students with an opportunity to study in an environment that blends College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Degrees Offered College Requirements Bachelor’s Degrees: BS in agricultural and resource econom- To be eligible for a BS degree from CTAHR, students ics, BS in agronomy and soil science, BS in animal sciences, must complete the General Education Core requirements, BS in biosystems engineering, BS in entomology, BS in CTAHR requirements, course requirements of the CTAHR family resources, BS in fashion design and merchandising, BS major, and at least 60 credit hours of non-introductory in food science and human nutrition, BS in general agricul- courses (i.e., those numbered 300 and above or having a ture, BS in tropical horticulture college-level prerequisite) and maintain a minimum cumula- tive GPA of 2.0 in a minimum of 128 credit hours as Master’s Degrees: MS in agricultural and resource econom- prescribed by the major. Some majors may require more ics, MS in agronomy and soil science, MS in animal sciences, credit hours. All CTAHR undergraduates are required to MS in biosystems engineering, MS in botanical sciences complete a set of interrelated courses: SP 151 Personal and (plant pathology or plant physiology), MS in entomology, Public Speech; FAMR 380 Research Methodology or AREC MS in food science, MS in horticulture, MS in nutritional 310 Statistics in Agriculture and Human Resources; and an science internship course within their major field.

Doctoral Degrees: PhD in agricultural and resource Double Major or Second Degree economics, PhD in agronomy and soil science, PhD in Students seeking a double major must have a minimum botanical sciences (plant pathology or plant physiology), PhD cumulative GPA of 3.0, demonstrate that the proposed in entomology, PhD in horticulture majors are substantially different, and obtain approval from undergraduate advisers in both of the relevant departments. Advising Students seeking a second degree must have a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0 and demonstrate that the proposed CTAHR Office of Academic and Student Affairs second degree is substantially different from the first degree. Gilmore 210 At least 30 credit hours are required for the second degree in 3050 Maile Way addition to those associated with the first degree. Honolulu, HI 96822

Tel: (808) 956-8183 or (808) 956-6733 Related Undergraduate Programs 305 Fax: (808) 956-3706 Veterinary Science Undergraduate Programs Students interested in becoming veterinarians generally major in animal sciences and participate in CTAHR’s pre- Undergraduate programs in CTAHR provide students veterinary program. A BS degree is desirable but not with an opportunity to acquire those scientific, professional, required for admission to veterinary schools. The CTAHR and personal competencies emphasized by Hawai‘i’s pre-veterinary adviser assists students in meeting the business, governmental, community, and scientific leaders. admission requirements of veterinary schools that participate The college provides a balance of educational experiences in the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education that include classroom instruction, laboratory sessions, co- (WICHE) program, including the University of California curricular activities, supervised internships, and an interna- at Davis, Washington State University, Colorado State tional study program. University, and other continental United States veterinary schools that accept nonresident students. Students seeking Admission Requirements additional information and advising should contact the Students may enter CTAHR as freshmen or as transfer animal sciences department (Agricultural Sciences Building students from other departments or academic institutions. III, Room 216, (808) 956-8356). Requirements for admission are the same as those for the UH Mânoa campus in general, except for the food science Agriculture Education and human nutrition, family resources, and fashion design Students who wish to teach agriculture at the secondary and merchandising majors, where transfer students are level in Hawai‘i can meet the state Department of required to have a minimum GPA of 2.5 for fashion design Education’s requirements by taking courses from CTAHR and merchandizing majors, 2.6 for Family Resources majors, and the College of Education. Students may obtain a BS and 2.8 for Food Science and Human Nutrition majors. degree in CTAHR prior to transferring to the post-baccalau- Additional course requirements may also apply to these reate basic certification program in the College of Education. majors. Information on CTAHR undergraduate programs Other students transfer to CTAHR from other programs in can be obtained from the CTAHR Office of Academic the University of Hawai‘i system and take courses from Affairs. CTAHR and the College of Education. Additional informa- tion can be obtained from the CTAHR Office of Academic and Student Affairs or the College of Education Student Services Office (Wist Annex 2-126, (808) 956-7849). College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Home Economics Education Students planning on teaching home economics at the Graduate Programs secondary level generally begin in CTAHR’s Department of Graduate studies leading to a master of science degree are Family and Consumer Sciences and then transfer to the available in 10 majors: agricultural and resource economics, College of Education in their junior year. Course work is agronomy and soil science, animal sciences, biosystems taken in CTAHR’s Department of Family and Consumer engineering, botanical sciences (plant pathology or plant Sciences and Department of Food Science and Human physiology), entomology, food science, horticulture, and Nutrition and the College of Education. Additional infor- nutritional science. Doctor of philosophy programs are mation can be obtained from the Department of Family and available in six fields: agricultural and resource economics, Consumer Sciences (Miller 110, (808) 956-8105) or agronomy and soil science, botanical sciences (plant pathol- College of Education Student Services Office (Wist Annex ogy or plant physiology), entomology, and horticulture. 2-126, (808) 956-7849). Graduate programs in plant pathology and plant physiology are jointly offered with the College of Natural Sciences Student Organizations under the botanical sciences program. Three of CTAHR’s graduate programs in tropical CTAHR students are encouraged to join and actively agriculture (agronomy and soil science, entomology, and participate in student organizations. CTAHR student horticulture) have been recognized as distinctive programs organizations provide opportunities for students to gain by the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education experience in their professional field through diverse (WICHE). Qualified students from participating states may activities. Students can acquire transferable skills and enroll in these graduate programs at Hawai‘i-resident tuition competencies outside of the classroom while gaining rates. invaluable knowledge they can utilize in the work force. CTAHR utilizes general University facilities, including Developing lasting friendships with peers and faculty is also the libraries, which offer extensive collections and informa- benefits of active participation in student organizations. tion services, and the computing center, which provides Current CTAHR student organizations include: access to individual computers as well as large mainframes. Along with the Pacific Biomedical Research Center, 306 ■ Innovators of Fashion CTAHR sponsors the Biotechnology–Molecular Biology ■ Pre-Veterinary Club Instrumentation Facility for the benefit of researchers ■ Food Science and Human Nutrition Council throughout the University of Hawai‘i. The college’s facilities ■ Horticulture Society include a microcomputer laboratory, several research ■ Friends of the Family stations, and specialized laboratories with state-of-the-art ■ Student Mentors equipment, all of which support research and instruction in ■ Agronomy and Soil Science Graduate Student Organiza- the food and agricultural sciences. On-campus affiliations tion with the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, Water ■ Agricultural and Resource Economics Graduate Student Resources Research Center, East-West Center, Harold L. Organization Lyon Arboretum, Sea Grant College Program, and Hawai‘i ■ Ka Mea Kolo (Entomology Club) Natural Energy Institute extend CTAHR’s resources. The ■ Plant Pathology Graduate Student Organization college is also affiliated closely with off-campus institutions, ■ Biosystems Engineering Club such as the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, USDA/ARS ■ Horticulture Graduate Student Organization Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory, Hawai‘i Agriculture Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Exceptional students may also be recommended for National Marine Fisheries Service, and Hawai‘i Department membership to honorary societies such as: Gamma Sigma of Agriculture. Delta and Phi Upsilon Omicron. Students may contact individual departments, the Graduate Division (2540 Maile Way, Spalding Hall, Honors and Awards Honolulu, HI 96822), or Financial Aid Services (2600 The College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Re- Campus Road, Honolulu, HI 96822) for information on sources and its departments provide scholarships and awards grants, fellowships, assistantships, scholarships, tuition to its students. For a list of these scholarships, see the waivers, loans, work-study programs, and job opportunities. "Tuition, Fees, and Financial Aid" section of this Catalog. Information on CTAHR graduate programs can be More information on scholarships and awards can be obtained from the Office of Academic and Student Affairs, obtained from the CTAHR Academic and Student Affairs Gilmore 210, (808) 956-8183, or from departmental offices. Office, Gilmore 211, (808) 956-8183. Admission Requirements Students must hold a bachelor’s degree from an accred- ited U.S. college or university or its equivalent from a recognized foreign institution of higher learning. Admission College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources requirements for various graduate programs are specified Cooperating Graduate Faculty under each department’s description. Admission decisions T. Liang, PhD—systems engineering are made by the Graduate Division in consultation with J. K. Wang, PhD—production systems design and aquacultural faculty in the field of study. engineering

College Requirements Affiliate Graduate Faculty The requirements associated with the master of science J. P. Dorian, PhD—mineral economics degree vary with each program of study. The master of S. G. Pooley, PhD—fisheries economics science Plan A (thesis) and Plan B (non-thesis) options are Degrees Offered: BS in agricultural and resource economics, available in all programs; the agronomy and soil science MS in agricultural and resource economics, PhD in agricul- program is the only program with a Plan C (examinations) tural and resource economics option. The PhD degree culminates in a set of comprehensive and final examinations and a dissertation of original work. The Academic Program Special requirements exist in some fields of study. Contact Agricultural and resource economics (AREC) deals with the Graduate Division or the departments for additional the practical application of economic theory and analytic information. methods to diverse aspects of the commercial food and fiber industries. Analyses of public-sector projects and domestic Instructional and Research Facilities and international policies in agriculture and resource use are also involved. Students study economic development, trade, Modern laboratories as well as statewide field laboratories and agricultural policy as well as resource use, conservation, are an important part of undergraduate and graduate and quality. instruction. Students are able to learn the latest research AREC provides undergraduate students with a well- methods. Classrooms are well-equipped for learning rounded education and the flexibility to tailor programs to computer applications. match students’ interests. The graduate programs are rigorous in economic theory, quantitative methods, and the application of learned theory and methods to AREC fields or 307 Agricultural and Resource areas of concentration. AREC graduates find employment in Economics the private sector and in government and academic institu- tions. Gilmore 115 3050 Maile Way Honolulu, HI 96822 Undergraduate Study Tel: (808) 956-7039 Fax: (808) 956-2811 Bachelor’s Degree E-mail: [email protected] Concentrations available within this curriculum include Web: www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/~arec/ agribusiness, natural resources, fisheries and aquaculture economics, and general agricultural economics in prepara- Faculty tion for graduate work. Students and their adviser will *S. A. El-Swaify, PhD (Chair)—natural resource conservation and develop an appropriate plan of study. restoration *R. L. Bowen, PhD—natural resource policy, economics of Requirements sustainable agriculture ■ ACC 201 *C. T. K. Ching, PhD—policy and production economics ■ AREC 210 or MATH 241 *L. J. Cox, PhD—community economic development ■ ECON 300 and 301 *C. A. Ferguson, PhD—natural resource and economic policy ■ ENG 209 K. D. Fleming, PhD—agribusiness management ■ 18 upper division AREC credit hours, including AREC *P. V. Garrod, PhD—marketing and production economics 310 and at least one 400-level AREC course *C. Gopalakrishnan, PhD—natural resource economics, environ- mental economics Graduate Study *J. M. Halloran, PhD—marketing and agribusiness management The department offers MS and PhD degrees in the *P. S. Leung, PhD—production, fisheries, and aquaculture general areas of resource economics, bioeconomics, interna- economics tional development, and policy. A PhD program in agricul- *S. T. Nakamoto, PhD—marketing tural systems analysis is also offered in cooperation with *G. R. Vieth, PhD—resource management, non-market valuation faculty in the biosystems engineering department. *J. F. Yanagida, PhD—production economics, price analysis, The department maintains close relationships with the international trade and development UH Mânoa Water Resources Research Center, Sea Grant

* Graduate Faculty College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources College Program, and Department of Economics, as well as details). They must also pass an oral comprehensive exam, the East-West Center. Graduate students have considerable write an acceptable dissertation based on original research, latitude for designing programs of study, generally focusing and defend it in a public examination before being awarded on issues important to Asian and Pacific Basin countries. the PhD degree. Complete details on graduate programs, as well as financial aid available to prospective students, are outlined in a brochure available upon request from the department. Agronomy and Soil Science

Master’s Degree Sherman 101 Undergraduate preparation for admission to the MS 1910 East-West Road program includes courses in intermediate micro- and Honolulu, HI 96822 macroeconomics, statistics, and calculus. Tel: (808) 956-8708 Graduates with MS degrees have found employment in E-mail: [email protected] government and international agencies, agricultural exten- Web: agrss.sherman.hawaii.edu/ sion services, financial organizations, and agribusiness firms. Faculty Requirements *S. A. El-Swaify, PhD (Chair)—soil and water conservation, Prospective MS candidates may select either the Plan A salinity (thesis) or Plan B (non-thesis) program. The Plan A I. S. Campbell, PhD—crop management, information systems program requires 25 credit hours of course work and 6 credit *R. S. de la Pena, PhD—crop management, root crops hours of thesis. The student must pass an oral exam in *C. I. Evensen, PhD—water quality extension, environmental defense of education the thesis. *J. H. Fownes, PhD—forest ecology Plan B requires 34 credit hours of course work, of which J. B. Friday, PhD—tropical forestry and agroforestry extension 18 credit hours must be from courses at the 600 level or *M. Habte, PhD—soil microbiology-biochemistry above. A scholarly paper, a written comprehensive exam, and *N. V. Hue, PhD—soil chemistry *H. H. Keyser, PhD—soil microbiology, Rhizobium 308 a subsequent exam are required. The scholarly paper should reflect the candidate’s substantive analysis of a subject in the *S. C. Miyasaka, PhD—alternative crops, nutrition field of agricultural and resource economics. The written P. S. Motooka, PhD—weed science (forest/pastures) exam covers materials from the core courses. *P. Singleton, PhD—legume BNF All students pursuing the MS are required to take the *G. Uehara, PhD—systems simulation in international agriculture following courses: AREC 458, 627, and 705; ECON 420 *R. S. Yost, PhD—expert systems in soil management, fertility (or 627); ECON 425 (or AREC 626); ECON 604 (or 606); and ECON 605 (or 607). Cooperating Graduate Faculty D. Borthakur, PhD—biotechnology, Rhizobium Doctoral Degree J. L. Brewbaker, PhD—crop breeding, agroforestry Applicants with a master’s degree in either agricultural Q. Li, PhD—environmental biochemistry economics or a closely related field with no undergraduate C. S. Tang, PhD—biochemistry of crops and soils deficiencies will be considered for admission to the PhD Affiliate Graduate Faculty program. Students currently enrolled in the MS program, K. C. Ewel, PhD—ecology upon successful completion of 12 credit hours of graduate F. C. Meinzer, PhD—crop physiology, water relations, gas course work, may petition for admission to the PhD exchange program. Students with outstanding undergraduate records (minimum GPA of 3.3) in agricultural and resource Degrees and Certificates Offered: BS in agronomy and soil economics or a closely related field with no undergraduate science, MS in agronomy and soil science, PhD in agronomy deficiencies may also gain admission to the PhD program. and soil science, Graduate Resource Management Certificate Applicants for the PhD program must have completed all (see the “Interdisciplinary Programs” section within this courses required for admission to the master’s program. Catalog), Environmental Studies Certificate (see the “Col- Employment opportunities for PhD graduates include leges of Arts and Sciences” section within this Catalog) private and public research organizations and university positions in research, teaching, and extension. The Academic Program Requirements Agronomy (AGRN) is the study of food, fiber, feed, and Students in the PhD program must take AREC 610, 626, fuel crops and their physiology, interaction with the 629, 634, 637, 638, 705; ECON 606, 607, 608, 609, and environment, and management from a systems perspective. 627; and two other approved graduate courses. Soil science (SOIL) is the study of natural land and soil PhD students must pass a written comprehensive exam resources and their effective management through the based on core courses (see departmental brochure for

* Graduate Faculty College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources application of the principles of basic scientific disciplines, Bachelor’s Degree such as chemistry, physics, and biology, and technologies derived therefrom. Understanding the soil is required to Requirements intelligently manage and preserve this valuable natural Prior to entrance into the program, students should have resource. The combination of agronomy and soil science the equivalent of two years of high school algebra. [AGRS] is a logical marriage of two interdependent subjects ■ Students must complete a total of 128 credit hours fundamental to implementing land use practices that are ■ Students must complete General Education Core highly productive, sustainable, economically viable, and requirements including the following: environmentally safe. ■ AREC 310 Students majoring in agronomy and soil science are ■ BOT 101/101L or BIOL 171/171L involved in the full spectrum of subjects and activities ■ CHEM 161/161L and 162/162L required to understand and responsibly manage land, water, ■ ECON 130 crops, and climate for the benefit of humankind. Modern ■ Required courses for all options: scientific approaches and instruments allow agronomists to ■ AGRN 200 study soil-plant-atmosphere systems at all scales, from the ■ CHEM 152/152L microscopic level to large land areas. Many find great ■ ENG 209 satisfaction in applying results from the laboratory to large- ■ SOIL 304 and 450 scale land-use problems. In recent years many students ■ AGRS 492 trained in agronomy and soil science have embarked on ■ Required courses for the agronomy option: successful careers in ecological and environmental protec- ■ BOT 470/470L tion, in international institutions and organizations, and in ■ 29 additional credit hours approved by the department farm-based agricultural industries. The department is one of ■ Required courses for the crops option: only a few in the nation with a special commitment to ■ AGRN 460 international linkages with the developing world and the ■ AGRS 499 only department fully dedicated to crops and soils of the ■ BOT 470/470L tropics. ■ MATH 140 ■ PHYS 151/151L 309 Affiliations ■ 25 additional credit hours approved by the department The department’s agroforestry and forest ecology ■ Required courses for the soils option: programs are complemented by a special memorandum of ■ SOIL 430 and 460 understanding with the School of Forestry at the University ■ AGRS 499 of Idaho and at the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point. ■ MATH 140 and 205 ■ PHYS 151/151L Advising ■ 22 additional credit hours approved by the department Undergraduate students are advised by the department’s undergraduate adviser. Undergraduate options are detailed Graduate Study in the following section. Graduate students are advised initially by an adviser or by the department’s graduate Two areas of concentration are offered in this graduate program chair. field of study: tropical agronomy and tropical soil science. The first is designed for candidates whose primary interests lie with crops; the second for students who wish to place Undergraduate Study greater emphasis on soils. Agronomy students may specialize Agronomists and soil scientists utilize fundamental in tropical crop and pasture production, cropping systems, knowledge in physics, chemistry, biology and physiology, agrometeorology, agroforestry, crop physiology, plant genetics, and meteorology to solve basic and applied breeding, or plant-soil relationships. Courses offered in problems of field crops and soils. Crop and soil scientists botany, horticulture, plant pathology, and agricultural work together to investigate problems in plant nutrition, soil biochemistry, combined with courses offered in agronomy fertility, groundwater quality, soil erosion and conservation, and soil science, will provide considerable flexibility in the agroforestry, and cropping systems. Together they strive to development of a program suited to a student’s career match the requirements of crops to the characteristics of soils objectives. In the soil science concentration, students may and climates. This program offers a BS degree in agronomy specialize in tropical soil genesis and classification, soil and soil science. chemistry, soil physics, soil mineralogy, soil salinity, soil management, soil and water conservation, soil fertility, and soil microbiology. Successful graduates have pursued a variety of careers within the industrial, educational, and research sectors. Employment opportunities are promising on the interna- tional scene. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Both the MS and PhD degrees are offered. Plan A is SOIL 640 Advanced Soil Chemistry (3) available to all MS students, but Plan B is restricted to SOIL 660 Hydrologic Processes in Soils (3) intended PhD candidates. Plan C is designed for selected SOIL 670 Soil Formation & Classification (4) students. SOIL 671 Soil & Clay Mineralogy (3)

Entrance Requirements Natural Resource Management—Environmental Applicants must present a bachelor’s degree with a Quality minimum of 18 undergraduate credit hours in either AGRS 630 Agriculture & the Environment (2) agronomy or soil science. All applicants are expected to meet AGRS 631 Sustainable Agriculture Seminar (2) stated course requirements for department undergraduate SOIL 450 Soil Fertility (4) majors as a minimum. Certain courses from related subject SOIL 461 Soil, Erosion, & Conservation (3) matter fields may be allowed to fulfill this requirement. SOIL 650 Advanced Soil Fertility (4) Related fields for agronomy are animal sciences, botany, chemistry, climatology, forestry, genetics, horticulture, plant New Concepts and Research in Agronomy and Soil pathology, plant physiology, soil science, and zoology. Science Related subject matter fields for soil science are biosystems AGRS 491 Topics in Agronomy & Soil Science (V) engineering, agronomy, botany, chemistry, civil engineering, AGRS 499 Directed Study (V) geosciences, mathematics, microbiology, physical geography, AGRS 500 Master’s Plan B/C Studies (1) and physics. A minimum TOEFL score of 520 is required of AGRS 691 Advanced Topics in Agronomy & Soil foreign students. All applicants must submit at least two Science (V) letters of recommendation at the time of application. The AGRS 691 Advanced Topics in Agronomy and Soil GRE is required for all applicants. Science (V) The MS and PhD programs in tropical agronomy and AGRS 699 Directed Research (V) soil science are recognized Western Interstate Commission AGRS 700 Thesis Research (V) for Higher Education (WICHE) regional graduate pro- AGRS 701 Seminar in Advanced Agronomy & Soil grams. Residents of Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Science (1) AGRS 800 Dissertation Research (V) 310 Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming are eligible, upon admission, to enroll at tuition rates for Hawai‘i residents. Master’s Degree A diagnostic examination is required of all MS students Areas of Specialization and those PhD students who did not receive their MS from Areas of specialization and courses available in each are as this department. The exam is given during the week follows: preceding the first day of instruction in the first semester of enrollment. The examination consists of six parts: botany, Agricultural Systems Analysis and Methodologies chemistry, mathematics, physics, crop science, and soil AGRN 603 Experimental Design (4) science. The results of these tests are used to determine the AGRS 492 Internship (4) need for remedial courses in the student’s program. AGRS 651 Techniques of Plant/Soil Analysis (3) AGRS 654 Communications in Agriculture (1) Degree Requirements AGRS 671 International Agricultural Systems (2) Candidates are generally expected to follow the Plan A Agroforestry/Forest Ecology (thesis) program. Under this plan, 30 credit hours are AGRN 480 Agroforestry Systems (3) required including 6 credit hours of thesis and a minimum AGRN 680 Forest Agroforest Ecosystem Analysis (3) of 24 credit hours of course work. A majority of these must be from agronomy and soil science courses, with 8 credit Crop Production and Cropping Systems hours from agronomy and soil science courses at the 600 AGRN 200 Introduction to Crop Science (3) level and 4 other credits in other courses numbered 600 or AGRN 460 Cropping Systems (3) above. No more than 2 credit hours of directed research AGRN 610 Crop Photosynthetic Production (3) (AGRS 699) are allowed toward the required 600-level AGRN 660 Cropping Systems Analysis (3) credit hours, but 5 credit hours are allowed toward the 24 AGRN 710 Mineral Nutrition of Tropical Crops (3) course credit hours. Mathematical preparation through calculus is required of all MS candidates. Land Resource Components and Processes All MS candidates must complete a minimum of 2 credit AGRS 661 Agricultural Meteorology (4) hours of seminar, including 1 credit hour of AGRS 654 SOIL 304 Fundamentals of Soil Science (4) Communications in Agriculture and at least 1 credit in SOIL 430 Soil Chemistry (3) AGRS 701 Seminar in Advanced Agronomy and Soil SOIL 460 Soil Physics (3) Science. SOIL 485 Microbial Ecology (3) The Plan B (non-thesis) option is available only to SOIL 604 Advanced Soil Microbiology (4) intended PhD candidates as explained under PhD require- College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources ments. The requirements for Plan B are explained in the those offered in other departments. Statistics courses, such as “Graduate Education” section of this Catalog. ZOOL 631 and AREC 310, which are foundations for other The Plan C (examination) option is open to selected graduate-level courses in statistics, may not be included in students on the recommendation of their graduate program the minor as they are fundamental to any well-rounded committee. Criteria for selection include previous academic program in either concentration. records, interviews, level of performance in the diagnostic After admission to candidacy and the completion of most examination, and prior research experience (see the “Gradu- courses in the candidate’s program, the candidate must take ate Education” section of this Catalog for information). written and oral comprehensive examinations covering all subjects considered relevant to the concentration and the Doctoral Degree minor. A final oral examination, which includes a public The PhD in agronomy and soil science is awarded only defense of the dissertation, is required of all candidates. for original scholarly achievement. The dissertation, which is a significant original contribution to basic knowledge in the candidate’s field, is required. Only students with above Animal Sciences average academic records in predoctoral programs will be accepted into the program. Mathematical preparation at Agricultural Sciences III 216 least to the level of differential and integral calculus is 1955 East-West Road strongly recommended. Students accepted as intended PhD Honolulu, HI 96822 candidates directly from BS programs are required to Tel: (808) 956-8356 perform successfully in an MS Plan B program. Upon Fax: (808) 956-4883 completion of the MS Plan B, such students will be evalu- E-mail: [email protected] ated for admission to the PhD program in the same manner Web: www.hawaii.edu/ansc/welcome.html as other intended candidates who receive MS Plan A or Plan C degrees from this department. Faculty A PhD program will have a major in either agronomy or *D. L. Vincent, PhD (Chair)—reproductive physiology and soil science with a minor area of study that consists of endocrinology *B. A. Buckley, PhD—beef production and breeding courses principally outside the department as a complement. 311 The minor allows the student to expand areas of proficiency. *J. R. Carpenter, PhD—ruminant nutrition, forage evaluation, dairy production Degree Requirements *R. J. Early, PhD—ruminant nutrition and biochemistry, growth For all PhD students, a minimum of 24 credit hours in physiology courses numbered 600 or above is required for the major, *Y. S. Kim, PhD—meat science, muscle biology, animal growth not including seminar, directed research, thesis/dissertation *B. R. LeaMaster, DVM, PhD—veterinary extension, herd health, research, or courses taken to fulfill the minor requirement. A microbiology, parasitology majority of the 24 credit hours must be taken in agronomy *C. N. Lee, PhD—dairy production and reproduction manage- and soil science courses with at least one course in agronomy ment (not including AGRN 603) for soils majors and at least one *S. R. Malecha, PhD—aquaculture production and breeding course in soils for agronomy majors. The candidate’s *C. W. Weems, PhD—molecular endocrinology and reproduction committee will determine how many credit hours earned *H. Zaleski, PhD—swine production and management, reproduc- previously in an MS program can be applied to the PhD tive physiology credit requirement. Candidates must register for seminar at least one semester of each year in which they are registered as Cooperating Graduate Faculty full-time or equivalent, except the final year, in which the E. G. Grau, PhD—fish endocrinology dissertation defense can be substituted for seminar. PhD Affiliate Graduate Faculty candidates who have not had AGRS 654 Communications J. A. Brock, DVM, MS—aquacultural diseases in Agriculture or its equivalent may take this course during their first year as a substitute for 1 credit hour of AGRS 701. Degrees Offered: BS in animal sciences, MS in animal Mathematical preparation at least through calculus is sciences required of all PhD candidates. The minor for both the agronomy and the soil science concentrations will consist of a total of at least four courses The Academic Program at the 400 level or above outside the concentration area, Animal science (ANSC) is the application of experimental with at least two courses at the 600 level. Each of these investigation, technology, and other scientific principles for courses should represent a minimum load of 2 credit hours. the advancement of efficient and environmentally friendly The minor should complement the concentration area and animal agriculture. The present program centers around include related courses that combine logically under the swine, sheep, beef, and dairy cattle production and pond minor designated by the candidate and approved by the aquaculture production systems. Students receive training in candidate’s committee. Minor courses will be predominantly both basic and agricultural sciences, as well as in animal

* Graduate Faculty College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources sciences. Unlike most continental United States institutions, fish, and swine; muscle biology and meat science; health and the emphasis of the present program is on tropical produc- disease; and freshwater shrimp breeding, nutrition, and pond tion systems with particular relevance to the Pacific Basin management systems. Emphasis is on tropical animal science, area. Animal scientists have careers in management and aquaculture pond production systems, yield trials, and animal production, food processing and marketing, veterinary management. Candidates wishing to specialize in nutrition, sciences, the pharmaceutical and feed industries, teaching, animal diseases, reproduction, or physiology should be strong extension, and research. These positions require skills in in chemistry and biochemistry with a good background in disciplines such as management, nutrition, genetics, mathematics. Candidates wishing to specialize in animal physiology, meat science, animal health, feed and forage breeding should be particularly strong in mathematics, utilization, engineering, business, marketing, and salesman- including statistics, with a good biological background. ship. The animal sciences program offers the BS and MS degrees. Admission Requirements To be considered for admission to the animal sciences Undergraduate Study program, an applicant must (1) hold a bachelor’s degree with a major in animal science (or the equivalent thereof) from an accredited institution of higher learning, (2) provide evidence Bachelor’s Degree of superior scholarship in previous academic work, (3) arrange for three letters of recommendation, (4) submit GRE Requirements general and subject (biology) scores, and (5) obtain admis- ■ Course work in the basic sciences, mathematics, econom- sion clearance by the Graduate Division. An applicant with a ics, and animal sciences including the following: bachelor’s degree in a major other than animal or veterinary ■ AREC 220 or ECON 131 sciences who otherwise qualifies for admission will be ■ CHEM 161/161L, 162/162L, and required to take ANSC 200 or 201, one production course, 272/272L and such other undergraduate courses deemed necessary by ■ ENBI 402/402L the department as essential background to the applicant’s ■ MATH 140 or above studies. The ANSC 200 or 201 requirement may be satisfied ■ 312 PHYS 151/151L through meeting the teaching experience requirement. ■ One of BIOL 171, MICRO 130, SCI 124, or ZOOL 101 Degree Requirements ■ Animal sciences required courses: Two programs leading to the MS degree are available to ■ ANSC 200, 201, 244, 301, 321, and 445 graduate students in animal sciences. Students may elect to ■ Three of the following: ANSC 451, 453, 454/454L, pursue either a thesis (Plan A) or non-thesis (Plan B) 462, and 472 program. Requirements are as follows: ■ One of the following production courses: ANSC 431, 432, 433, and 450 Plan A ■ Additional electives to make a total of 128 credit hours Students must complete a minimum of 30 credit hours, Because of the diversity among fields of specialization including within animal sciences, specific course requirements will vary ■ At least 12 credits of course work numbered 600 and considerably among students. On the recommendation of above, including 2 credits of ANSC 641 (seminar) and the student’s major adviser, courses will be selected from excluding 699 and thesis 700 those offered in animal sciences, as well as in agricultural ■ A maximum of 3 credits of directed research (ANSC 699) and resource economics, biosystems engineering, agronomy ■ 9 credits of thesis research in ANSC 700 with at least 1 and soil science, anatomy and reproductive biology, bio- credit taken in the final semester chemistry and biophysics, chemistry, environmental ■ Remaining credits must be in courses numbered 400 and biochemistry, food science and human nutrition, genetics, above horticulture, information and computer sciences, microbiol- ogy, oceanography, physiology, and zoology. Plan B A student must complete a minimum of 32 credit hours, Graduate Study including ■ At least 18 credits in course work numbered 600 and above, including ANSC 641 (seminar) and excluding 699 Master’s Degree ■ 4 credits of directed research (ANSC 699) The MS in animal sciences is offered in the areas of ■ Remaining credits must be in courses numbered 400 and genetics, nutrition, animal diseases, and physiology. Spe- above cialty areas consist of beef-cattle nutrition and genetics; dairy-cattle nutrition and physiology (especially the manage- Candidates must be enrolled during the term in which the ment of cattle in a hot climate); swine management; degree is awarded; regular course work or ANSC 500 reproductive physiology and endocrinology of sheep, cattle, Master’s Plan B Studies may be used to meet this require- College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources ment. ANSC 500 is offered as a 1 credit course with a J. H. Moy, PhD—food engineering, food irradiation, processing mandatory grading of S/NG but does technology not count toward meeting degree requirements. C. Ray, PhD—groundwater hydrology M. C. M. Tsang, PhD—materials handling, processing engineering Both Plans A and B ■ Students are required to attend weekly seminars and to Affiliate Graduate Faculty present an animal sciences seminar each semester. G. D. Pruder, PhD—aquacultural engineering Attendance is mandatory unless legitimate reason is given Degrees Offered: BS in biosystems engineering, MS in for being absent. A maximum of 2 credits is allowed for biosystems engineering graduate seminar (ANSC 641). ■ The following courses are recommended as a core for most graduate students in animal sciences: ANSC 642, 643, 644, and a graduate-level statistics course. The Academic Program In both plans (on the recommendation of the student’s Biosystems engineering integrates biology and engineer- graduate committee), the graduate credit hours will be ing science in the design, manufacture, and operation of selected from the graduate courses offered in animal sciences, systems in which living organisms or biological products as well as in the fields of agricultural biochemistry, agricul- (plants, animals, cells, etc.) are a major component. tural economics, biosystems engineering, agronomy and soil Biosystems engineers approach problems from the context of science, anatomy and reproductive biology, biochemistry the total system to strike a balance between increasing and biophysics, chemistry, food and nutritional science, food demand for products from biological sources (e.g., food, science and technology, genetics, horticulture, information fiber, and higher-valued products); limited human, physical, and computer sciences, microbiology, physiology, public and economic resources; and the need to preserve the health, and zoology. Because of the diversity of specializa- environment. The goal of the program is to provide students tions within animal sciences, specific course requirements a unique opportunity to study the fundamentals of engineer- will vary considerably among students. ing and biology, and the application of engineering to A general examination is required. biological systems. Graduates should find rewarding careers in the engineering of biological products, processes, and 313 Biosystems Engineering systems that benefit mankind. Gilmore 111 Undergraduate Study 3050 Maile Way Honolulu, HI 96822 Bachelor’s Degree Tel: (808) 956-8186 The BS in biosystems engineering is the only undergradu- Fax: (808) 956-9269 ate degree offered by the department. E-mail: [email protected] Web: ctahr.hawaii.edu/biosystems/ Requirements ■ General Education Core requirements, including the Faculty following: *C. Kinoshita, PhD (Chair)—thermo-engineering, energy systems ■ SP 151 or 251 *L. D. Gautz, PhD—bioproduction control, mechanical systems ■ AREC 220 or ECON 130 *P. S. Leung, PhD—production and quantitive methods ■ BIOL 171/171L *T. Liang, PhD—resource systems engineering, mechanization ■ CHEM 171/171L (or 161, 162 and lab) and 272/ *W. W. Su, PhD—cell culture, biochemical engineering 272L *S. Q. Turn, PhD—biomass energy systems, environmental ■ MATH 241, 206, 231, and 232 engineering ■ PHYS 170/170L and 272/272L *J. K. Wang, PhD—bioproduction systems engineering, aquacul- ■ College requirements: tural engineering ■ AREC 310 *I. P. Wu, PhD—irrigation engineering ■ Basic Engineering requirements: *P. Y. Yang, PhD—waste/wastewater engineering, bioprocess ■ EE 160 and 211 technology/engineering ■ CE 270, 271, and 320 ■ Cooperating Graduate Faculty ME 311 ■ Biosystems Engineering requirements: M. J. Antal, Jr., PhD—alternate energy, combustion ■ BIOL 172/172L or MICRO 351/351L E. D. H. Cheng, PhD—hydrology, hydraulics ■ BE 351/351L, 360, 401, 413, 437, 460, 481, and 482 Y. S. Fok, PhD—water resource systems, hydrology ■ At least two courses from BE 411, 431, 435, or 436 C. C. K. Liu, PhD—hydrology, environmental systems engineer- ing A student must have a minimum of 128 credit hours.

* Graduate Faculty College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Most students will take 138 credit hours to complete the Cooperating Graduate Faculty requirements. B. M. Brennan, PhD—insect physiology, pesticide regulation and use Graduate Study J. K. Fujii, PhD—insect pathology, termite biology (UH Hilo) R. G. Gillespie, PhD—evolutionary biology and conservation of arthropods Master’s Degree K. Y. Kaneshiro, PhD—systematics, evolution, insect behavior The MS in biosystems engineering is the only graduate G. K. Roderick, PhD—population ecology and evolutionary degree offered by the department. Research areas open to genetics MS students are management of wastes and wastewater from J. Seifert, PhD—insecticide toxicology agricultural and food industries; engineering for cell culture, L. Arita Tsutsumi, PhD—insect behavior, honeybee ecology (UH fermentation, micropropagation, and bioconversion; Hilo) engineering-intensive horticultural systems; engineering- intensive aquatic biosystems systems; modeling and optimi- Affiliate Graduate Faculty zation of bioresource production and processing systems; J. W. Armstrong—quarantine biology (USDA-ARS, Hilo) water management and irrigation system design; spatial N. Evenhuis, PhD—systematics of Diptera (Bishop Museum) decision support systems for environmental protection and P. A. Follett, PhD—commodity quarantine treatments, tropical resource development; bioremediation; bioenergy systems tree fruit IPM (Hilo) and thermochemical conversion; and mechanization and E. J. Harris, PhD—ecology and control of fruit flies (USDA-ARS) automation of tropical crop production, treatment, and R. G. Hollingsworth, PhD—ornamental IPM (USDA-ARS, Hilo) processing. Graduates of the program have entered careers in F. G. Howarth, PhD—systematics (Bishop Museum) industry and public agencies or have undertaken further E. B. Jang, PhD—insect physiology, fruit fly control (USDA-ARS) study in a PhD degree program. Intended candidates for the D. O. McInnis, PhD—insect genetics MS must present a bachelor’s degree from an accredited (USDA-ARS) engineering program or the equivalent. N. J. Reimer, PhD—ant biology and control, biological control of weeds (Bishop Museum) Requirements 314 G. A. Samuelson, PhD—systematics (Bishop Museum) Biosystems engineering courses as well as courses from the R. I. Vargas, PhD—ecology, mass-rearing techniques (USDA- related fields of engineering, agriculture, and sciences may be ARS) utilized to fulfill the minimum requirement of 30 credit hours. Both Plan A (thesis) and Plan B (non-thesis) are Degrees Offered: BS in entomology, MS in entomology, available. PhD in entomology

Entomology The Academic Program Entomology (ENTO) is the study of insects and related Gilmore 310 organisms, such as spiders and mites. Entomologists seek to 3050 Maile Way understand the role of insects in the natural world and their Honolulu, HI 96822 interaction with humans. They work to find environmen- Tel: (808) 956-6737 tally safe, effective, and economical solutions to insect pest Fax: (808) 956-2428 problems in agricultural and urban environments. E-mail: [email protected] Hawai‘i is an excellent place to study entomology. The uniform tropical climate permits students to observe and Faculty collect insects year-round. For those with interests related to *M. L. Goff, PhD—acarology, medical and forensic entomology evolutionary biology, the unique endemic insect fauna of *J. K. Grace, PhD—termite biology and control, insect behavior Hawai‘i offer many exciting opportunities for original *A. H. Hara, PhD—horticultural entomology, postharvest insect research. control, regulatory entomology (Hilo) In the area of applied entomology, insects associated with *M. W. Johnson, PhD—biological control, insect pest manage- Hawai‘i’s tropical and subtropical agricultural and urban ment environments provide a wealth of challenging problems in *V. P. Jones, PhD—insect pest management, insect ecology pest management research. In Hawai‘i, such research *R. F. L. Mau, PhD—agricultural entomology, extension entomol- strongly emphasizes biological control, biotechnological, and ogy, insect biology other non-chemical methods in order to minimize negative *S. D. McCombs, PhD—biotechnology, genetics environmental impacts. The development of entomological *R. H. Messing, PhD—fruit fly ecology and management (Kaua‘i) technology to support low-input sustainable agriculture is *S. H. Saul, PhD—insect genetics another important area in pest management research. *J. R. Yates III, PhD—urban pest management, termite biology Motivated students will find an abundance of challenging and control opportunities that can help them develop professional

* Graduate Faculty College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources competence in the science of entomology. Master’s Degree The MS degree program is offered under either Plan A Advising (thesis) or Plan B (non-thesis). All students in this program All undergraduate entomology majors are advised by a are first enrolled under Plan A. Transfer to Plan B is faculty member who has been appointed by the department. permissible only after consultation with the candidate’s New candidates for the graduate program are assigned an adviser and approval by the chair of the graduate field of interim adviser and committee until such time as a perma- study. nent adviser and committee are selected. A total of 32 credit hours are required for each degree plan. Specific degree requirements are listed below. Undergraduate Study Graduates with the MS degree should possess general knowledge of entomology, including basic principles of insect identification, biology, and control. Prospects for Bachelor’s Degree employment are in private industry, service-oriented entomological programs of government agencies, and Requirements research institutions. ■ General Education Core requirements ■ CTAHR agricultural science required courses Requirements ■ ENTO 263 ■ ENTO 374/374L Plan A (thesis) ■ ENTO 462 ■ 16 credit hours of course work ■ ENTO 492 ■ 2 credit hours of ENTO 699 directed research ■ 15 or more credit hours from an approved list of courses ■ 2 credit hours of ENTO 687 Entomology Seminar (determined in consultation with undergraduate adviser) ■ 1 credit hour of ENTO 690 Foundations in Entomology ■ Additional credit hours to total 128 each year All entomology majors are required to consult with the ■ 10 credit hours of ENTO 700 thesis research undergraduate adviser concerning their program prior to ■ Final oral defense of the thesis research registration each semester. ■ Submission of an acceptable thesis 315 Plan B (non-thesis) Graduate Study ■ 26 credit hours of course work The department offers graduate programs leading to the ■ 2 credit hours of ENTO 699 directed research MS and PhD degrees in entomology. They encompass ■ 2 credit hours of ENTO 687 Entomology Seminar independent study, course work, and research in acarology, ■ 1 credit hour of ENTO 690 Foundations of Entomology biological control of insect and weed pests, biotechnology each year and insect genetics, forensic entomology, insect ecology, ■ Final oral defense of the directed research project and on insect evolution, insect genetics, insect physiology, insecti- other aspects of entomological training undertaken by the cide toxicology, insect transmission of plant pathogens, candidate medical and veterinary entomology, pest management, systematics, urban entomology, and tropical economic Doctoral Degree entomology. Intended candidates for the PhD program should have Intended candidates for graduate programs in entomology earned the MS degree in entomology or equivalent from a must present a bachelor’s degree with a minimum of 18 recognized institution. Those with a BS or BA may petition undergraduate credit hours in entomology and zoology, for admittance into the PhD program only after enrolling in including general zoology, general entomology, economic the MS program. entomology, insect morphology, and systematic entomology. Graduates with the PhD degree should possess broad In addition, they must have had credit for two years of general knowledge in all areas of entomology, in-depth chemistry (including inorganic and organic), one year of knowledge in at least one area of specialization, and capabil- physics, MATH 140 or equivalent, and courses in botany, ity for independent research. Prospects for employment for genetics, and microbiology. All deficiencies in undergraduate PhD graduates are in teaching, research, and extension at preparation must be satisfied. universities and in research with private industries and The MS and PhD in tropical entomology are recognized government agencies. Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE) regional graduate programs. Residents of Alaska, Requirements Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, ■ 4 credit hours of seminar North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming ■ 1 credit hour of ENTO 690 each year are eligible, upon admission, to enroll at Hawai‘i-resident ■ Diagnostic examination on the basic principles of tuition rates. entomology within two semesters after admission into the program College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources ■ Oral and written comprehensive examination in the Family and Consumer candidate’s area of specialization administered by the doctoral committee Sciences ■ Preliminary oral defense of the dissertation research for the doctoral committee (formerly Human Resources) ■ Final oral defense of the dissertation research ■ Submission of an acceptable dissertation Miller 110 Additional course work required for the degree is deter- 2515 Campus Road mined by the candidate’s doctoral committee. Honolulu, HI 96822 Tel: (808) 956-8105 Fax: (808) 956-2239 Environmental Biochemistry E-mail: [email protected] Web: www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/FCS Henke 329 1800 East-West Road Faculty Honolulu, HI 96822 B. A. Harger, PhD (Chair)—textiles, personality and dress Tel: (808) 956-8352 L. L. Arthur, PhD—history of costumes, social-psychological Fax: (808) 956-5037 aspects of dress E-mail: [email protected] R. A. Caulfield, PhD—infancy, childhood, human development D. R. Ching, PhD—agricultural leadership Faculty D. L. F. Chung, MEd—fashion design H. Ako, PhD—analytical biochemistry/aquaculture D. H. Davidson, PhD—cross-cultural child rearing, life span B. Brennan, PhD—pesticide safety development M. Kawate, PhD—pesticide registration Q. X. Li, PhD—environmental biochemistry B. De Baryshe, PhD—parenting, family resilience J. Seifert, PhD—biochemical toxicology C. A. Dickson, PhD—fashion merchandising, international textile C. S. Tang, PhD—plant biochemistry products markets 316 J. W. Engel, PhD—family relationships, marriage development G. F. Fong, EdD—family resource management The Academic Program A. M. Fontes, MS—leadership and personal development The Department of Environmental Biochemistry (ENBI) C. S. Ikeda, MEd—technology and education offers courses in biochemistry, toxicology, and analytical P. Kutara, MS—consumer economics chemistry. The 100-level course accommodates Group 2 of L. J. Kawamura, MPh—4-H youth development, foods and the General Education Core’s natural sciences requirement. nutrition It covers principles of bio-organic chemistry with emphasis M. I. Martini, PhD—parenting and family relationships across on practical applications for life science, agriculture, and cultures nursing. The 400-level course on principles of biological D. M. Masuo, PhD—consumer and family economics chemistry is for undergraduate and first-year graduate M. A. Morgado, MA—fashion merchandising, fashion and culture students, either as a part of their curriculum at CTAHR or L. C. Nakamura-Tengan, MS—consumer food safety and resource as a preparation for a professional school. The accompany- management ing laboratory course covers biochemistry techniques with C. M. Nakatsuka, MEd—community service learning, 4-H applications in a number of fields. The 600-level courses M. U. Ohama, MS—adult consumer sciences provide advanced training in plant biochemistry, mechanis- R. W. Saito, MS—4-H youth development tic toxicology and toxicology of pesticides, environmental M. K. K. L. Spotkaeff, MS—youth education and coordination aspects of pesticide use, and modern techniques of food and R. W. Wall, PhD—family financial planning pesticide analyses to graduate students of agriculture and R. M. Yoshino, MA—community services environmental sciences. J. S. M. Young, MA—leadership and volunteer development S. Yuen, PhD—human and family development H. H. Zeug, PhD—human development, family life Degrees Offered: BS in family resources, BS in fashion design and merchandising (textiles and clothing)

The Academic Program The Department of Family and Consumer Sciences has been an integral part of the land-grant system and of the University of Hawai‘i since 1907. The department offers two bachelor of science degree programs: family resources College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (FAMR) and textiles and clothing (TXCL). consumer economics, human development, and community The FAMR program focuses on child and family studies. leadership and resource development. The curriculum The FAMR curriculum emphasizes the study of child-, prepares students to work proactively in multicultural adolescent-, and adult-development; family development settings to enhance the quality of family life. It fosters an (such as marriage and parenting); family resource manage- understanding of the social systems perspective as it relates ment (such as consumer and family economics and manage- to the study of how families operate. ment); community needs; and leadership in human services Students study the theoretical and applied literature that occupations. The program requires an internship providing addresses the biological, social, cultural, psychological, and important supervised work experience. Students are prepared economic well-being of individuals and families and the for bachelor-level careers in human and family services and environments in which they live. Students also study the for graduate training in child and family studies, early changing functions of the family, the roles of its members, childhood education, human development, family-life and the community programs and policies that affect the education, family and consumer sciences, and marriage and decisions and well-being of families and consumers. An family therapy. With supplemental course work, students are internship in the student’s area of focus is an intergral part prepared for graduate training in other social science of the curriculum. disciplines (social work, educational counseling, public health, psychology, etc.). FAMR courses are also functional Entrance Requirements in that they relate to students’ personal development and New students may be admitted directly into the program family lives. when they apply to the University. Students transferring The TXCL program integrates theoretical and applied from other colleges within the University of Hawai‘i system knowledge regarding apparel design, consumer textiles, or from other universities must have a minimum GPA of 2.6 historic costume, and apparel production with fashion to be considered for admission to FAMR. marketing and merchandising theory and practice, both domestic and international. The program fosters the Degree Requirements development of professionals prepared for management-level A summary of degree requirements is available in Krauss positions in business and industry. Positions include apparel Annex 7 (808) 956-8105 or Miller 110 (808) 956-6519. designer, buyer, merchandise manager, sales representative, 317 costume designer, manufacturer, and store owner. Majors Textiles and Clothing Program specialize in fashion design, fashion merchandising, and The textiles and clothing program prepares students for fashion promotion, or they develop individualized programs management-level positions in the fashion industry. All in consultation with an adviser. students take a prescribed set of courses in clothing aesthet- ics, fashion theory and marketing, textiles, and historic Western and Asian costumes. Fashion is examined nationally Undergraduate Study and internationally from the perspective of business, industry, education, government, family, and the consumer. Advising Classroom work is enhanced by major Pacific, Asian, Family Resources Hawaiian, and Western clothing and decorative arts study Krauss Annex 7 collections. Internships in the students’ areas of focus are an 2515 Campus Rd integral part of the curriculum. The program also provides Honolulu, HI 96822 opportunities for exchange programs with other universities Tel: (808) 956-6519 and study tours to fashion centers of the world. A strong foundation for graduate study in clothing and related areas is Textiles and Clothing provided. Miller 201 2515 Campus Road Career Focus Areas Honolulu, HI 96822 Several career focus areas are available. Tel: (808) 956-8133 Apparel Design. The apparel design focus prepares students for careers in the fashion industry as designers, Students are encouraged to come for initial advising assistant designers, fashion stylists, and manufacturers. during or before their first year at the University and prior to Students have a unique opportunity to study the theoretical their application for admission. and applied aspects of fashion design and costume history in a multicultural environment enhanced by major costume Family Resources Program collections; a computerized creative design system; and The family resources program provides students with a access to a computerized grading, marker-making, and comprehensive education in family development and pattern-making system. resource management, including course work and study in Fashion Merchandising. The fashion merchandising the areas of family relations and marriage development, focus offers a unique combination of fashion theory, parenting, family economics and resource management, marketing, and product information relative to retail and College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources wholesale operations. Graduates are prepared for fashion *A. C. Shovic, PhD, RD—dietetics industry management careers as buyers, merchandise *C. A. Titchenal, PhD—sports nutrition, energy balance managers, sales representatives, and fashion coordinators for the local, national, and international markets. Cooperating Graduate Faculty Fashion Promotion. In the fashion promotion focus, H. Ako, PhD—nutritional biochemistry, aquaculture, lipid students take courses in communication, writing and metabolism reporting, video production, and advertising to supplement J. Carpenter, PhD—protein and fiber utilization the required textiles and clothing courses. The curriculum is C. G. Cavaletto, MS—sensory evaluation of foods designed to equip students with an understanding of the use R. J. Early, PhD—growth biology, protein metabolism of communications media for promoting sales of fashion- A. Franke, PhD—analytical assays related products and services. Graduates are working in mall K. Glanz, PhD—nutrition behavior, worksite wellness management, advertising, and visual merchandising. R. Hetzler, PhD—exercise physiology, sports nutrition Individualized Programs. For an individualized S. Kathariou, PhD—food microbiology program, students work with an adviser to develop a D. A. Lally, PhD—exercise physiology curriculum of their own choosing. Examples of individual- L. Le Marchand, PhD—epidemiology ized programs include historic costume, theater costume Q. Li, PhD—analytical methodology to identify environmental production, and fiber/apparel arts. toxins J. Seifert, PhD—toxicology Entrance Requirements C. S. Tamaru, PhD—live feed New students may be admitted directly into the program C. S. Tang, PhD—biochemistry of natural products when they apply to the University. Students transferring C. Waslien, PhD, RD—international nutrition, geriatrics from other colleges within the University of Hawai‘i system C. W. Weems, PhD—reproductive endocrinology, steroids or from other universities must have a minimum GPA of 2.5 P. Y. Yang, PhD—bioprocess engineering to be considered for admission to TXCL. A summary of degree requirements is available in Miller Affiliate Graduate Faculty 201 (808) 956-8133 or Miller 110 (808) 956-8105. D. Galanis, PhD—Pacific Island nutrition 318 W. D. B. Hiller, MD—sports nutrition T. Vogt, MD—dietary intervention trials Food Science and Human Degrees Offered: BS in food science and human nutrition, Nutrition MS in food science, MS in nutritional sciences Agricultural Sciences III 216 The Academic Program 1955 Eat-West Road Honolulu, HI 96822 The curricula in food science and human nutrition Tel: (808) 956-8236 (FSHN) have a strong science base that is applied to food Fax: (808) 956-4024 and human nutrition. Students are taught problem-solving E-mail: [email protected] skills, approaches to critical thinking and basic principles in Web: www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/fshn/ the two related disciplines. Options in the curricula include dietetics, human nutrition, food science, and foods and Faculty nutrition. The last option can be directed toward nutrition D. L. Vincent, PhD (Interim Chair)—reproductive physiology and education, sports and wellness, or other interests. The endocrinology human nutrition option can serve as a pre-professional A. C. Brown, PhD, RD—nutrition related to disease, nutrition program in medicine, dentistry, nutrition, or other scientific publications graduate programs. J. P. Derrickson, PhD, RD—food security, nutrition extension Interest in nutrition, food, and the relationship of food to *D. A. Dooley, PhD—diet and behavior, nutrition education human health and fitness has never been greater than today. *M. A. Dunn, PhD—nutritional biochemistry, vitamins and Students majoring in any of the curricula options are minerals prepared for diverse careers in the food industry, health-care *A. S. Hodgson, PhD—food technology extension, food safety and and fitness facilities, hospitals, nutrition education and quality communication enterprises, government or private-sector *A. S. Huang, PhD—food chemistry food and nutrition agencies, and scientific research laborato- *W. T. Iwaoka, PhD—food chemistry, food safety ries. *J. H. Moy, PhD—food engineering, food irradiation, processing The dietetic option has been approved by the American technology Dietetic Association (Plan V). The food science option has *S. T. Nakamoto, PhD—marketing been approved by the Institute of Food Technologists. *W. K. Nip, PhD—food technology Students are strongly encouraged to take chemistry and *R. Novotny, PhD, RD—community and international nutrition biological science courses prior to entering the program. Transfer students are required to have a GPA of 2.5 or

* Graduate Faculty College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources greater and to have taken FSHN 185 and CHEM 161/161L tion, safety (including analysis, metabolism, and mode of with a “C” or better. Upon entering the department, action/toxicity of natural and man-made chemicals), students will be assisted by academic advisers to identify fermentation, and waste-product utilization. their career objectives and select an appropriate option for Graduates have found employment as college instructors; study. technical personnel in the food industry, regulatory or other governmental agencies; and researchers. Others have pursued further postgraduate studies. Undergraduate Study MS in Nutritional Sciences Bachelor’s Degree Complete descriptions of course requirements are Complete descriptions of course requirements for each available from the department. option are available from the department. Areas of concentration are nutritional biochemistry and physiology, mineral nutrition, nutrition and disease, Requirements nutrition and toxicology, nutrition education, nutrition A total of at least 128 credits are required for graduation. behavior, and community and international nutrition. Graduates with the MS degree in nutritional sciences Advising have found employment as community college instructors, All food science and human nutrition majors are required nutrition educators or consultants in the private sector, to report for advising prior to registration each semester. nutritionists in regulatory or other governmental agencies, and research workers. Others have pursued further post- Graduate Study graduate studies. The graduate program in Food Science and Human Nutrition offers two MS degree programs, one in food Honors and Awards science and one in nutritional sciences. Students are The department has several scholarships that are awarded encouraged to select their degree program as soon as possible each year to deserving students of junior or senior standing. and must select it before admission to candidacy. Both programs offer Plan A (thesis) or Plan B (non-thesis) 319 options. General Agriculture Admission requirements for both programs include a TOEFL score of 600 or above, GRE examination comple- Gilmore 210 tion, and two confidential recommendations (utilizing 3050 Maile Way departmental recommendation forms). Prerequisite aca- Honolulu, HI 96822 demic preparation includes a bachelor’s degree (BA or BS); a Tel: (808) 956-6733 course in statistics; and courses in biochemistry, physiology, Fax: (808) 956-3706 and microbiology (one of the three must include a lab). E-mail: [email protected] Admission may be possible without prerequisites, in which case the student must complete deficiencies in the first year. Degrees Offered: BS in general agriculture Physics, calculus, and analytical chemistry are strongly recommended. The Academic Program The general agriculture major, with its two areas of Requirements emphasis (agricultural management and natural resource Under Plan A, students must complete a minimum of 18 management), is designed for students interested in an credit hours of course work, including credits of FSHN 699 interdisciplinary education in the agricultural and environ- Directed Reading and Research and 10 credit hours of mental sciences. Students enrolled in agricultural manage- FSHN 700 Thesis Research. Under Plan B, students must ment take classes in the basic areas of agricultural production complete a minimum of 30 credit hours or course work of and agri-environmental and agribusiness management. which a minimum of 18 credit hours must be in courses Students in natural resource management study the manage- numbered 600 or higher, including 6 to 9 credits of FSHN ment of land, water, and biotic natural resources for 699. The remaining credits are fulfilled by electives that are sustainability and environmental quality. Both emphases selected in consultation with the graduate adviser. provide sufficient electives to permit students the flexibility to tailor the program to their interests. Graduates from the MS in Food Science general agriculture major are prepared for an array of Complete descriptions of course requirements are occupations in agribusiness, environmental management, available from the department. and state and federal agencies or for entry to graduate Areas of concentration are food technology (including school. tropical fruit, vegetable, and seafood processing), biochemis- try, microbiology, engineering, sensory evaluation, irradia- College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Advising All general agriculture majors are required to report for Horticulture advising prior to registration every semester. General St. John 102 agriculture advising and additional information may be 3190 Maile Way obtained from Gilmore 210, (808) 956-6733. Honolulu, HI 96822 Tel: (808) 956-8351 Undergraduate Study Fax: (808) 956-3894

Faculty Bachelor’s Degree R. E. Paull, PhD (Chair)—post-harvest physiology Two emphases are offered, agriculture management and *H. C. Bittenbender, PhD—tropical fruit physiology and natural resource management. management Requirements *J. L. Brewbaker, PhD—plant breeding, biochemical genetics *C. G. Cavaletto, MS—sensory evaluation, food processing ■ General Education Core requirements including the *C. L. Chia, PhD—tropical fruits following: *R. A. Criley, PhD—floriculture, ornamental physiology, growth ■ AREC 210 and 220 regulation ■ BOT 101/101L *J. DeFrank, PhD—weed science ■ CHEM 151/151L, CHEM152/152L (CHEM 152 *J. M. Halloran, PhD—marketing and agribusiness management cross-listed as ENBI 152) *D. L. Hensley, PhD—landscape design and management ■ PHYS 100/100L *K. D. Fleming, PhD—agribusiness management ■ College requirements including the following: *K. D. Kobayashi, PhD—fruit physiology and computer modeling ■ AREC 310 *B. A. Kratky, PhD—vegetable physiology and management ■ SP 151 *A. R. Kuehnle, PhD—ornamental breeding and genetics ■ HORT 492W or AGRS 492W *J. T. Kunisaki, MS—tissue culture ■ Additional requirements for the agricultural management K. W. Leonhardt, PhD—floriculture 320 option: *R. M. Manshardt, PhD—tropical fruit breeding and genetics ■ ANSC 201 *R. K. Nishimoto, PhD—weed science ■ BUS 312 and 315 R. E. Paull, PhD (Chair)—post-harvest physiology ■ FAMR 350 *Y. Sagawa, PhD—developmental morphology, cytogenetics, tissue ■ HORT 200 and 364 culture ■ ICS 101/101L *K. Y. Takeda, PhD—solanaceous crops ■ SOIL 304 *H. R. Valenzuela, PhD—vegetable physiology and management ■ SOIL 461 ■ 12 upper division agricultural management focus Cooperating Graduate Faculty credit hours as approved by the adviser S. C. Furutani, PhD—horticultural crop physiology ■ Additional requirements for the natural resource manage- M. K. Kawate, PhD—pesticide registration/weed science ment option: M. A. Nagao, PhD—developmental physiology, growth regulation ■ AGRN 480 W. S. Sakai, PhD—ultrastructure, physiological plant anatomy ■ HORT or AGRN 200 T. T. Sekioka, PhD—vegetable breeding and genetics ■ GEOG 101/101L, 305, and 405 M. J. Tanabe, PhD—in vitro propagation, turf management, plant ■ SOIL 304 and 461 propagation ■ ZOOL 200/200L ■ 12 upper division natural resource management focus Affiliate Graduate Faculty credit hours as approved by the adviser H. T. Chan Jr., PhD—food processing, plant biochemistry ■ For both options, elective courses to equal 128 credit M. M. M. Fitch, PhD—tissue culture, genetic engineering hours J. J. McHugh, PhD—vegetable management, integrated pest management F. C. Meinzer, PhD—plant physiology, water relations K. Moody, PhD—weed science, crop management C. N. Nagai, PhD—sugar cane genetics and tissue culture R. V. Osgood, PhD—weed science, crop management D. Ragone, PhD—ethnobotany, conservation F. Zee, PhD—plant breeding, genetics Degrees Offered: BS in tropical horticulture, MS in horticulture, PhD in horticulture

* Graduate Faculty College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources ■ BUS 315 or AREC 340 The Academic Program ■ BUS 312 or AREC 322 Horticulture (HORT) is the science, technology, and art ■ PPTH 405 of growing and using fruits, nuts, vegetables, flowers, and ■ SOIL 304 ornamental plants and their products. Students majoring in ■ Three courses from a list available from advisers horticulture can prepare for careers in plant production, ■ Additional credit hours to total 128 management, services, marketing, extension, research, and teaching. The horticulture program at UH Mânoa is unique Graduate Study in its offerings in tropical horticulture. Students will have an The department offers graduate study leading to the MS opportunity to learn about tropical crop production, and (Plan A and Plan B) and PhD degrees. Candidates may plant management. specialize in genetics and breeding of tropical fruits, veg- etables, or ornamentals; physiology, culture, and manage- Advising ment of tropical fruits, vegetables, or ornamentals; morpho- All tropical horticulture majors are required to report for genesis; stress physiology; post-harvest physiology; growth advising prior to registration each semester. regulation; plant biochemical genetics; plant cytogenetics; weed science; computer modeling; or turf and landscape Undergraduate Study management. Intended candidates for the MS or PhD in horticulture Bachelor’s Degree must have completed a minimum of 24 undergraduate credit The department offers an undergraduate degree in hours in plant sciences (including botany, horticulture, plant tropical horticulture with options in science, production, pathology, and soil science) and related fields. Basic courses and business. in chemistry and botany are required. The GRE is required for all PhD applicants and is highly recommended for MS Requirements applicants. Related fields in which credit will normally be allowed BS science option toward the degrees in horticulture include agronomy, 321 ■ BOT 470/470L biochemistry, biophysics, botany, entomology, food science, ■ ENBI 402/402L genetics, microbiology, plant pathology, soil science, and ■ BIOL 375/375L zoology. ■ HORT 200, 364, and 492 The MS and PhD in tropical horticulture are recognized ■ HORT 401 or 402 Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education ■ Organic chemistry (WICHE) regional graduate programs. Residents of Alaska, ■ PHYS 151/151L Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, ■ SOIL 304 North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming ■ 9 credit hours plus four courses from a list available from are eligible, upon admission, to enroll at Hawai‘i-resident advisers tuition rates. ■ Additional credit hours to total 128 Master’s Degree BS production option Graduates of the Plan A program can further their ■ ENTO 263 graduate studies leading to the PhD degree or enter careers ■ HORT 200, 364, 420, and 492 as technicians and researchers, while graduates of the Plan B ■ HORT 369, 401, or 403 program typically enter careers in education, agribusiness, ■ HORT 369, 402, or 404 extension service, and other agriculturally related occupa- ■ PPTH 405 tions. ■ SOIL 304 ■ 24 credit hours from a list available from advisers Requirements ■ Additional credit hours to total 128 All MS candidates are required to pass a written general examination during their first semester in residence. A final BS business option oral examination is also required. Plan A students must ■ ACC 201 complete a minimum of 24 credit hours of course work and ■ ACC 202 or AREC 341 6 credit hours of thesis preparation. For Plan B students ■ ENTO 263 must complete a minimum of 30 credit hours, including a ■ HORT 200, 364, and 492 minimum of 18 credit hours must be earned in courses ■ HORT 369, 401, or 403 numbered 600 to 798 of which a minimum of 12 credit ■ HORT 369, 402, or 404 hours must be in horticulture. A maximum of 6 credit hours ■ 1 HORT elective (Plan B) or 2 credit hours (Plan A) in HORT 699 may be ■ HRM 351 taken. All students must take 2 credit hours of HORT 667 College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources or 1 credit hour of HORT 667 and 1 credit hour of HORT 654. The Academic Program The faculty of the Department of Plant Molecular Doctoral Degree Physiology (PMP) conducts research on the physiological, Graduates of the PhD program have entered careers as nutritional, biochemical, and molecular biological processes researchers and/or educators in institutions of higher that underlie metabolism, growth, development, and learning and in public and private institutions. biotechnology, especially as related to tropical plants. The department offers graduate education leading to the MS and Requirements PhD degrees in plant physiology as an option in the All PhD candidates are required to pass a written botanical sciences graduate field of study. The plant physiol- qualifying examination during their first year in residence. ogy option features an interdepartmental faculty and offers a Also required are a comprehensive oral examination and 2 challenging instructional curriculum that stresses the credit hours of HORT 667 or 1 credit hour of HORT 667 fundamentals of plant biology, chemistry, biochemistry, and 1 credit hour of HORT 654. Other course requirements genetics, molecular biology, and biotechnology. are established by the student’s graduate committee. The department’s mission in basic research and an active, internationally recognized faculty combine to provide students with exciting graduate research opportunities. The Plant Molecular Physiology degree programs are research-intensive. Students develop an Ag Sciences III 218 in-depth understanding of contemporary research ap- 1955 East-West Road proaches and master state-of-the-art laboratory techniques Honolulu, HI 96822 and equipment. Many students are employed as research Tel: (808) 956-8384 assistants and conduct research as part of ongoing faculty Fax: (808) 956-3542 grant projects. Other alternative forms of support are also E-mail: [email protected] available to highly qualified candidates. Students who choose [email protected] the plant physiology option are afforded the unique oppor- Web: www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/pmp tunity to participate in research at the forefront of plant 322 physiology and to make significant contributions through Faculty scientific publications. *D. Borthakur, PhD (Chair)—molecular genetics of rhizobia, plant-microbe interaction, biotechnology Graduate Study *J. E. Bowen, PhD—mineral nutrition The department offers the MS Plan A (thesis) and Plan B *D. A. Christopher, PhD—plant biochemistry, chloroplast (non-thesis) and the PhD in the plant physiology option of molecular biology, regulation of gene expression botanical sciences (BTSC). Applications from prospective *H. M. Harrington, PhD—biochemistry molecular biology of heat students must include GRE scores for verbal and quantita- shock, signal transduction in plants tive aptitude. Foreign applicants must also submit TOEFL *J. I. Stiles, PhD—plant molecular biology, genetics, agricultural scores. The application deadline for fall admission is biotechnology February 1 (January 15 for foreign applications). All *H. Y. Yamamoto, PhD—plant biochemistry, photosynthesis applicants must have completed courses or equivalents in Cooperating Graduate Faculty calculus, physics, chemistry through organic and quantitative G. Goldstein, PhD—water relations, crops-vegetation environment analysis, basic biology or botany, genetics, biochemistry, and interactions plant physiology and one upper division course in either J. Hu, PhD—plant virology botanical sciences or in cellular or molecular biology. While Q. Li, PhD—phytoremediation, environmental biotechnology not a requirement, physical chemistry is also highly recom- R. E. Paull, PhD—postharvest physiology and handling of tropical mended. fruits, flowers, and vegetables Admission to candidacy for all degree programs requires W. W. Su, PhD—plant cell culture, bioprocess engineering the student to pass a general examination demonstrating the C. S. Tang, PhD—natural products chemistry and biochemistry ability to critically read and evaluate the literature in a given subject area of plant physiology. Potential MS Plan A and PhD students must also demonstrate the potential to Affiliate Graduate Faculty H. Albert, PhD—plant molecular biology organize and conduct research. General requirements for all M. M. Fitch, PhD—micropropagation and genetic transformation students also include at least two courses from the PMP core of papaya and presentation of a minimum of one approved seminar F. C. Meinzer, PhD—plant physiology, water relations course each semester (excluding summer term). P. H. Moore, PhD—sugar cane physiology A final examination is required for the MS Plan A thesis or PhD dissertation and consists of two parts: (a) a public Degrees Offered: MS in botanical sciences (plant physiol- presentation of the research, and (b) an oral examination/ ogy), PhD in botanical sciences (plant physiology) defense of the thesis or dissertation.

* Graduate Faculty College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources Students who obtain degrees in the plant physiology option may expect to find employment in academia, private Plant Pathology industry, or government agencies or continue their studies St. John 307 elsewhere. 3190 Maile Way Honolulu, HI 96822 Master’s Degree Tel: (808) 956-8329 The MS Plan A is a research degree including course Fax: (808) 956-2832 work and original research to be presented in the form of a E-mail: ta_avax.ctahr.hawaii.edu written thesis. This plan is designed for students who intend to progress to a PhD degree program or for those who desire Faculty a career in research. Minimum course requirements include *K. G. Rohrbach, PhD (Chair)—pineapple diseases, epidemiology 12 credit hours in thesis (BTSC 700) and at least 18 *A. M. Alvarez, PhD—bacterial diseases additional credit hours approved by the candidate’s graduate *J. J. Cho, PhD—diseases of vegetable crops, integrated pest program committee. These shall include 6 credit hours in management (Maui Branch Station) courses numbered 400 to 798 but not PMP 699 or BTSC *S. A. Ferreira, PhD—crop protection, extension 200 and 12 credit hours in courses numbered 600 to 798 *J. Hu, PhD—virology excluding research methods courses, PMP 699 and BTSC *W. H. Ko, PhD—soil microbiology (Hawai‘i Branch Station) 700. Students must enroll in at least 1 credit hour of BTSC *S. C. Nelson, PhD—epidemiology, extension (Komohana 700 during the semester of graduation. Agriculture Complex) The MS Plan B is regarded as a terminal degree and is *W. T. Nishijima, PhD—tropical fruits and nuts, forest and tree intended for those who do not wish to pursue research as a diseases, ornamental extension (Komohana Agriculture career. Plan B includes course work and a limited amount of Complex) directed research. Students who intend to pursue a research *J. J. Ooka, PhD—field crop and forest pathology, epidemiology career or enter a PhD program should choose the MS Plan A (Kaua‘i Branch Station) program. Plan B requires a minimum of 30 credit hours *D. Schmitt, PhD—nematology including 18 credit hours in courses numbered 600 to 798, *B. S. Sipes, PhD—nematology excluding research methods courses and BTSC 700, and 12 *E. E. Trujillo, PhD—soil-borne diseases, biological control of 323 credit hours in courses numbered 400 to 798, excluding weeds research methods courses and BTSC 700. All courses must *J. Y. Uchida, PhD—fungal pathology be approved by the candidate’s graduate program commit- tee. Cooperating Graduate Faculty D. Borthakur, PhD—molecular biology Doctoral Degree D. Gardner, PhD—pathology of native vegetation The PhD program is designed to allow maximum S. S. Patil, PhD—host parasite physiology flexibility for research specialization in a particular area of M. Shintaku, PhD—virology (UH Hilo) plant physiology, biochemistry, or cell or molecular biology. A major component of the PhD program is the completion Degrees Offered: MS in botanical sciences (plant pathol- of an original research project and dissertation. The disserta- ogy), PhD in botanical sciences (plant pathology) tion research is expected to be a significant contribution to plant science. Formal course requirements for the PhD The Academic Program include selections from the PMP core and courses necessary Plant pathology (PPTH) is the study of plant diseases, to fulfill the minimal requirements for residence—three microorganisms that cause diseases, host-pathogen interac- semesters of full-time work or the equivalent in credit hours. tions, and disease control. Plant pathologists concentrate on During the final semester, the student must be registered for agricultural crops of economic importance, but the field also at least 1 credit hour of BTSC 800. Other course require- includes the biology and host-pathogen interactions of ments are determined by the student’s temporary or numerous other plant-pathogen systems. The field consists permanent graduate program committee and include at least of several subdisciplines including phytomycology, plant 2 credit hours of directed research (PMP 699) to be used as virology, bacteriology, and nematology, as well as epidemiol- part of the general examination. An oral comprehensive ogy, crop protection, and the molecular biology of host- examination is required of all PhD students to assess general pathogen interactions. competence in general botany, cytology, anatomy, morphol- Students should have their undergraduate preparation in ogy, biochemistry, physiology, and specific areas as deter- botany, horticulture, agronomy, or microbiology. Plant mined by the student’s interest and graduate program pathology has its foundation in biology and agriculture and committee. offers wide opportunities in both basic and applied areas of biology, plant sciences, and agriculture. The plant pathology program at the University of Hawai‘i offers students a unique opportunity to gain knowledge of the vast diversity

* Graduate Faculty College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources of tropical crops and tropical plant pathogens. Requirements There is no minimum credit requirement for the doctoral Graduate Study degree in botanical sciences (plant pathology). The student works closely with his or her advisory committee to select Applications for admission must include GRE scores for appropriate courses offered by the department of plant verbal and quantitative aptitude. Intended candidates must pathology and other departments in the University. A have or acquire adequate preparation in plant anatomy, comprehensive examination and a dissertation must be biochemistry, ecology, genetics, physiology, and systematics. successfully completed. Candidates must present evidence of adequate preparation in physics, organic chemistry, statistics, and calculus.

Master’s Degree Plan A (thesis) and Plan B (non-thesis) are separate MS programs with distinct purposes. Plan A is the usual program to be taken by candidates. Plan B is offered at the discretion of the graduate faculty for students who do not intend to make research in plant pathology their profession. Plan B programs emphasize general crop protection and/or inte- grated pest management. Graduates with the MS degree find employment in research, extension industry, and business. However, most students continue their studies or teach in two-year colleges.

Requirements Plan A students must complete 12 credit hours of thesis research and a minimum of 18 additional credit hours in courses approved by a candidate’s committee. Plan B 324 students must complete 30 credit hours, 18 of these in the major field or an approved related field in courses numbered 600 and above. In addition, at least 6 credits, but not more than 9 credits, must be for directed research in aspects of plant pathology chosen by the candidate in consultation with his or her committee and must be done in two labora- tories. All students take a diagnostic examination within their first two weeks in a degree program. A requirement of all degrees is the presentation of four seminars: the first outlines the background of a research problem and the student’s proposed research program; the second and third are focused on a topic; and the final, presented at the conclusion of the program, describes the research results and conclusions. At this time the student is examined by the thesis or dissertation committee.

Doctoral Degree The dissertation is expected to be an original contribution based on independent research. It is initiated by the prepara- tion of a critical review of the literature, which becomes the basis for a dissertation proposal. Dissertation research for the PhD degree is done in an aspect of plant pathology for which a member of the graduate faculty of the field will accept responsibility as committee chair. Recipients of doctorates generally accept positions in university teaching and research, extension, industry, or government.