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Downloaded From IP - 117.239.121.17 on dated 13-May-2013 reach ofsmalland marginalfarmers.Inview ofthis,duringthe high toestablishamangoorchard andbeyondtheeconomic necessary everyyear. However, theinitial investmentisvery terms ofareaandproduction newmangoplantationsisalso West Bengal beingamajormangoproducingstateinIndia Mango ispartandparcelof theculturalheritageofIndia. shades ofcolouranddelicioustastewithhighnutritivevalue. because ofitsexcellentflavour, attractivefragrance,beautiful and isdesignatedasthe‘KingofFruits’(Purseglove,1972 ) most choicestandpopularfruitamongthepeopleoforient international fruitprocessingindustryoftheworld.Itis the of theworld,whichoccupiesaprimepositionin Mango ( Paper no Email: India Department ofFruitsandOrchardManagement,FacultyHorticulture,B.C.K.V., Mohanpur,Nadia–741252, West Bengal, Horticulture shelf-life inmangocv. Himsagar( Intl. J. Agric. Env. Biotech. 6(1):121-126,March, 2013 [email protected] Mangifera indica Effect ofdifferentintercropsonyield,qualityand : 93 Keywords ©2013 NewDelhiPublishers.Allrightsreserved treatments. reducing sugar, vitaminc,acidityandshelf-lifeshowednon-significantvariation amongthedifferent g and5.80)wereobservedinMango+Frenchbeanrespectively. The qualityparameterssuchasTSS, stone weight(35.79g)wasinsolecrop(Mango)only. Again, pulpweightandpulp:stoneratio(193.53 Cowpea. But,incaseofpeelweight(35.67g)washighestMango+Soyabeanwhereasthehigher fruit lengthandbreadthmaximumwererecorded(8.20cm7.21respectively)inMango+ whereas maximumfruitweight(254.16g)inMango+Lentil.Mostofthephysicalparameterssuchas maximum numberoffruits192.41/treeandyield46.09kgwerefoundinMango+Cowpea provide theutilizationoflandspacebetweenplantsasanintercrop.Pooleddatarevealsthat B.C.K.V., Nadia, West Bengal.Theageoftheplantis7yearsoldwithaspacing10x10mwhich chickpea inmangoorchard(cv. Himsagar)wasconductedatCentralResearchFarm,Gayeshpur, profitably withdifferent intercropsofcowpea, frenchbean,arhar, soyabean,lentil,blackgramand Fieldexperimentswereconductedduringtheperiod2010-2012toinvestigatesuitabilityand Abstract Received : 23 : Mango, Himsagar, intercrops,yield,quality, shelf-life L.)isoneofthemostlusciousfruit rd September2012 S.R. Singh,*B.C.BanikandM.A.Hasan Received inrevisedform different intercrops foryoungmangoorchardcv. Himsagar. a viewtostudythesuitability andprofitabilityaspectsof (1999). Therefore,thepresent experimentwasconductedwith through leachingandsurface run offasreportedbyBose intercropping preventsweed growth;reducenutrientloss et al country Sarkar However, somestudieswereconductedinotherpartsofthe yield ofmangoplantsarelackinginalluvialzone West Bengal. regarding effectsofdifferentintercropsonthegrowthand advocated inordertogetsomeadditionalincome.Information young ageoftheplant,growingintercropshasbeen . (2006)andRaut(2006). Apart fromgivinggoodreturns, : 19 th November2012 Mangifera indica et al . (2004),Jain Accepted et al : 19 . (2006),RathaandSwain th January2013 L) et al . www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 117.239.121.17 on dated 13-May-2013 T T T T T T (46.09 kg/tree)inMango+Cowpea butminimuminsolecrop fruit weight254.16ginMango +Lentilandmaximumyield / treewasobtainedinMango + Cowpea,withhighestaverage significantly maximumcumulative totalnumberof192.41fruits combination withthemaincropascomparedtocontroland weight andyield(kg/tree)increasedwiththeintercrops the yieldparameterssuchanumberoffruits/tree,averagefruit The resultsfromtheeffectofdifferentintercropsrevealedthat Results anddiscussion T T of maincropmango Table 1: increase thesoilfertilityandorganic matter. incorporated aroundthebasinofmaincropmangoto the cropsandafterharvestingcropresiduewas given aftertheseedwassownandcontinueuntilmaturityof harvesting ofthecrop. As fortheintercropsirrigationwas and irrigationwasstoppedbeforeflowering10days application asandwhenrequireddependingupontherainfall was givenafterfertilizerapplicationandcontinuedits was appliedafterharvestingofthecrop(Julymonth).Irrigation it wasappliedafterfloweringatpeastageandtheremaining inorganic fertilizer(1,000:500:500gN:P:K/tree/year).Halfof crop mangoplantusedintheexperimentwasfertilizedwith according tothecropsfavourabledateofsowing.Themain the interspacedandsowingofintercropswasdone labelling wasdoneandsmallplot4x4mmadeinbetween cv. Himsagar(10x10m)spacing,ploughingthesoiland intercrops inbetweentheinterspacedofmaincropmango with blackgramgivenin Table 1.Beforetheinitiationof treatments detailsoftheplantineachreplicationwereintercrop average altitude9.75mabovethemeansealevel.The situated at22p57¹N intercrop. ThesiteoftheexperimentCentralResearchFarmis give sufficientspaceprovidingsuitabilityforgrowingof the plantwithanageof7yearsoldspacing10xmwhich lentil weregrownasintercropinbetweentheinnerspaceof such asblackgram,soyabean,cowpea,frenchbean,arharand with threereplicationsduring2010-2011anddifferentintercrops The experimentwaslaidinrandomisedblockdesign(RBD) Materials andmethods 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 =Mango+Blackgram( =Mango+Chickpea( =Mango+Soyabean( =Mango+ Arhar ( =Mango+Frenchbean( =Mango+Cowpea( = Mangoonly(Solecrop) = Mango+Lentil Singh Treatment detailsofintercropsinbetweentheinterspaced et al .
cv. Himsagar ( Cajanus cajan Lens culinaris
latitude and89p34¹Elongitudeswithan Vigna unguiculata Cicer arietinum Glycine max Vigna mungo Phaseolus vulgaris ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 122 sole cropshowednon-significant variation,inwhichhighest different combinationofintercrops withthemaincropand TSS, totalsugar, reducingsugar, acidityandvitaminCof form ofnitrogentothesoil.Thequalityattributesfruitslike ureides whichleadtothesoilfertilitybyincreasingavailable transport largeamountsofnitrogenouscompoundscalled that leguminouscropslikecowpea,frenchbeanandsoyabean the fruitssizeofmaincrop.Pate growth resultingmorephotosynthateandtherebyincreased when comparedtosolecropmightbeduebettervegetative fruit fromthemangointercroppedwithleguminouscrops recorded insolecrop(4.31)respectively. Thebettersizeinthe Frenchbean (5.80)whereasthelowestpulp:stoneratiowas of fruit.Highestpulp:stoneratiowasrecordedinMango + fruit weightinthesolecropresultedminimumpulp (151.44g) respectively. The smallersizeofthefruitandlower whereas, theminimumpulpweightwasrecordedinsolecrop maximum wasrecordedinMango+Frenchbean(193.53g) was moreorlesssimilaramongthetreatments.Inpulpweight recorded inMango+Lentil(31.18g)indicatingthestoneweight (34.16g) respectivelywhereas,theloweststoneweightwas (34.66g), Mango+Cowpea(34.26g)andChickpea (35.79g) whichwasstatisticallyatparwithMango+Soyabean the sole.Stoneweightwasrecordedhighestinsolecrop Chickpea (33.19g)respectivelyshowinganarrowvariationwith (35.67g) whereasthelowestwasobservedinMango+ Peel weightwasrecordedhighestinMango+Soyabean parameters oflengthandbreadthascomparedtosolecrop. produced significantlyhigheryieldwithbetterphysical orchard withlegumeasintercrops(soyabeanandchickpea) sole crop.Srivastava fruit length(7.29cm)andbreadth(6.62wasrecordedin (7.21 cm)wasobservedinMango+Cowpeawhereasthelowest parameters offruit.Maximumfruitlength(8.20cm)andbreadth significant variationascomparedtosolecroponphysical different intercropscombinationwiththemaincropsproduced combination oftheleguminousintercrops. Adoption of indicating theincreasedinyieldofmaincropwith and yieldofmangocv. Banishan underDeccanPlateau, influence ofleguminousintercropsonnumberfruits/tree crop. Further, Sarkar (2010) inMosanbisweetorangeintercropwithleguminous to solecrop.SimilarresultwasalsoreportedbyGhoshandPal fruits, thusincreasingthevariousyieldparametersascompared resulted inhigherphotosynthatesandthetranslocationto attributed tobettervegetativegrowthoftreatedplantswhich nitrogen statusinthesoilfixedbyleguminousintercropwhich Swain (2006)andRaut(2006).Itmightbeduetoincreasedin corroborates withthefindingsofJain and averageyieldof25.86kg/treerespectively. Thesefinding having 115.58fruits/treewithanaverageweightof226.33g et al et al . (2007)alsoobservedthatincitrus . (2004)alsofoundsignificant et al et al . (1980)alsoadvocated . (2006),Rathaand www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 117.239.121.17 on dated 13-May-2013 the highestwasrecordedinMango + Arhar (36.31mg/100g) variation invitaminCcontent amongthetreatmentinwhich for vitaminCcontentinthe fruittherewasnosignificant (14.44%) andlowerinMango+Frenchbean(13.97%).Further, was recordedinMango+SoyabeanandLentil case oftotalsugarcontentinthefruit,higher (4.37%) andthelowestinsolecrop(3.87%)respectively. In reducing sugarcontentwasobservedinMango+Soyabean Frenchbean andMango+Lentil(0.14%)whereasthehighest maximum insolecrop(0.17%)andtheminimumMango + in solecrop(17.35 TSS wasrecordedinMango+Lentil(17.88 0 brix). Theaciditycontentwasrecorded Figure 2: Figure 1: Effect ofdifferent intercropsonyield,qualityandshelf-lifeinmangocv. Himsagar( Intercropsintheinterspacedofmangocv. Himsagar Landpreparationfortheintercrops 0 brix ) andthelowest 123 (9.00 days)inMango+Soyabean combinationhowever, there number ofdaysatroomtemperature wasrecordedmaximum intercropping withtheleguminous crops.Fortheshelflifeof by GhoshandPal(2010)inMosambisweetorange non-significance inthequalityparameterswasalsoreported nitrogen statusandslightdepletionofPKresulting in investigation, reportofincreasingandimprovementinsoil and potassiumwithintercropping.Similartothepresent better vegetativeandyielddeficientofsoilphosphorous be duetoincreasednitrogencontentofsoilwhichresulted in significant improvementinthefruitqualityparametersmight and lowestinsolecrop(32.22mg/100g)respectively. The non- Mangifera indica L ) www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
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Table 2: Effect of different intercrops on total number of fruits/tree, average fruit weight and fruit yield (kg/tree) in mango cv. Himsagar
Treatment Total no. fruits/tree Pooled data Av. Frt. Wt. (g) Pooled data Fruit yield Pooled data (kg/tree)
2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011
Mango +Cowpea (T1) 112 272.83 192.41 264.64 234.75 247.82 29.37 62.81 46.09 124 Mango +Frenchbean (T2) 53.83 213.83 133.83 263.66 258.25 249.82 16.69 49.7 33.19
Mango +Arhar (T3) 72.33 256.5 164.41 274.82 228.25 250.99 19.73 58.02 38.87
Mango +Soyabean (T4) 27.16 219.83 123.5 261.63 227 243.98 7.17 50.96 29.07
Mango +Lentil (T5) 99.66 262 180.83 276.32 232.75 254.16 27.65 60.4 44.03
Mango +Chickpea (T6) 27.16 229.5 128.33 258.42 233 244.79 7.01 52.98 29.99
Mango +Blackgram (T7) 26.16 236 131.08 267.17 232.25 250.41 6.77 55.46 31.11
Mango(Sole crop) (T8) 20 211.16 115.58 229.51 223.25 226.33 4.62 47.11 25.86 SE±m 13.93 11.84 11.44 2.22 3.03 1.38 3.85 2.51 2.66 CD at 5% 40.66 34.72 34.33 NS NS 4.15 11.24 7.32 8 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 117.239.121.17 on dated 13-May-2013 Mango +Frenchbean(T Mango +Frenchbean(T Mango +Cowpea(T Mango +Frenchbean(T Da %N SN SN SN SNS NS NS NS NS NS NS 1.73 NS 1.89 3.19 NS 5.89 8.35 5% at CD 8.35 0.12 Mango +Chickpea(T 2.53 Mango +Soyabean(T 1.90 Mango +Arhar(T 0.32 TSS NS NS Treatment Table 5: CD at5% 0.67 Mango +Chickpea(T 0.17 Mango +Soyabean(T Peelweight(g) Mango +Arhar(T NS Treatment Table 4: CD at5% Mango +Chickpea(T Fruitlength(cm) Mango +Soyabean(T Mango +Arhar(T Treatment Table 3: Mango(Sole crop)(T Mango +Lentil(T Mango +Cowpea(T Mango(Sole crop)(T Mango +Blackgram(T Mango +Lentil(T Mango +Cowpea(T Mango(Sole crop)(T Mango +Blackgram(T Mango +Lentil(T SE±m Mango +Blackgram(T SE±m SE±m Effect ofdifferent intercropson TSS Effect ofdifferent intercropsonpeelweight(g),pulp(g)andstone (g)inmangocv. Himsagar Effect ofdifferentEffect intercropsonfruitlength(cm)andbreadthinmangocv. Himsagar 5 5 5 3 3 3 84 73 78 .501 .447 .04.30 3.90 4.71 0.14 0.14 0.15 17.88 17.37 18.40 31.18 ) 33.00 29.36 186.74 205.32 168.70 6.84 33.32 7.72 38.00 28.64 5.96 ) 7.78 9.16 6.41 ) .592 .962 .17.05 7.91 6.20 7.99 9.23 6.75 ) 77 73 75 .701 .545 .24.22 3.92 4.51 0.15 0.13 0.17 17.56 17.37 17.76 32.97 ) 32.87 33.07 182.93 203.31 161.93 34.40 38.75 30.06 ) 1 1 1 8 8 8 88 89 38 7.7116 8.23.23.134.26 33.71 34.82 180.22 191.64 7.21 170.47 33.87 8.46 38.90 5.96 28.84 ) 8.2 9.44 6.96 ) 81 74 77 .601 .543 .84.16 3.98 4.35 0.15 0.15 0.16 17.76 17.43 18.10 ) 6 6 6 4 4 4 76 70 73 .801 .738 .33.78 3.73 3.83 0.17 0.16 0.18 17.35 17.03 17.66 35.79 ) 37.33 34.24 151.44 143.14 158.69 6.62 34.85 7.52 40.33 29.16 5.73 ) 7.29 8.53 6.06 ) 85 78 31 6.5170 7.93.23.034.16 33.50 34.82 178.09 187.05 166.15 6.83 33.19 7.76 37.87 28.51 5.90 ) 7.65 8.93 6.38 ) 77 73 75 .701 .645 .04.26 4.00 4.53 0.16 0.16 0.17 17.54 17.38 17.70 ) 79 73 76 .501 .548 .24.37 3.92 4.83 0.15 0.16 0.15 17.67 17.37 17.98 ) 34.66 34.50 34.83 174.01 187.64 159.70 7.02 35.67 7.81 39.43 31.92 6.23 ) 7.62 9.09 6.16 ) 7 7 7 77 73 75 .601 .542 .44.18 4.14 4.21 0.15 0.15 0.16 17.52 17.31 17.73 33.91 ) 34.84 32.98 192.26 213.92 167.65 6.91 33.88 7.76 37.62 30.15 ) 6.06 7.77 9.14 6.41 ) 2 2 2 76 72 74 .601 .441 .54.16 4.15 4.16 0.14 0.14 0.16 17.47 17.28 17.66 ) 33.24 31.87 34.62 193.53 195.29 6.94 193.01 33.50 7.70 36.50 6.18 30.50 ) 7.74 8.83 6.65 ) 0021 0021 002011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2011 2010 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 .501 .300600600502 .20.14 0.12 0.20 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.13 0.59 0.10 0.65 1.09 0.25 2.02 2.86 2.86 0.86 0.65 1.43 Effect ofdifferent intercropsonyield,qualityandshelf-lifeinmangocv. Himsagar( 0 rxPooled Brix 0021 002011 2010 2011 2010 .900 .201 .10.04 0.11 0.14 0.22 0.06 0.39 0 Brix, acidity(%)andreducingsugarinmangocv. Himsagar Pooled 125 Acidity (%) Pooled Pulp weight(g) Pooled Pooled Fruit breadth(cm) Reducing sugar Stone weight(g) Mangifera indica % Pooled (%) Pooled Pooled L ) www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale
Downloaded From IP - 117.239.121.17 on dated 13-May-2013 Mango +Frenchbean(T Table 7: Da %N SNS Ghosh, S.N.andPal,P.P. 2010.Effect ofinter-cropping onplant and NS Bose, T.K., Mitra,S.K.,Farooki, A.A. andSadhu, M.K.1999. References Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal. NS Management, FacultyofHorticulture,BidhanChandraKrishi We areobligedtothe Department ofFruitsandOrchards Acknowledgement NS NS zone of West Bengalin thefuture. intercrop fortheyoungmangoorchardinnewalluvial leguminous intercropswhichcanberecommendedasan better yieldonthemaincropascomparedwithother NS different leguminousintercrops,cowpeaintercrophasshown of themaincropmangocv. Himsagar. Fromtheperformanceof orchard appearedtobeeconomicalwithoutaffectingtheyield the performanceofdifferentintercropsinyoungmango control. Therefore, underthenewalluvialzoneof West Bengal was non-significantvariationbetweenthetreatedfruitand NS CD at5% Shelflife(Numberofdaysatroomtemperature) Mango (Solecrop)(T NS Mango +Chickpea(T Mango +Soyabean(T Mango + Arhar (T Mango +Cowpea(T NS Treatment 5% at CD Total sugar(%) Mango +Chickpea(T Mango +Soyabean(T Mango +Arhar(T Treatment Table 6: SE±m Mango +Blackgram(T Mango +Lentil(T Mango(Sole crop)(T Mango +Blackgram(T Mango +Lentil(T Mango +Cowpea(T Mango +Frenchbean(T SE±m Singh soil ofMosambisweetorangeorchard underrainfedcondition. Tropical Horticulture, Vol-1, NayaPrakash,Kolkata. Effect ofdifferent intercropsonshelf-lifeinmangocv. Himsagar Effect ofdifferent intercropsontotalsugar(%)andvitaminC(mg/100g)inmangocv. Himsagar et al . 5 5 3 48 40 44 21 28 32.52 32.88 32.16 14.44 14.06 14.83 ) 3 45 38 41 073.236.31 31.92 40.7 14.16 13.80 14.51 ) .086 8.00 8.66 7.00 ) .086 8.50 8.66 6.60 ) 1 1 8 45 40 43 283.634.28 35.76 32.8 14.32 14.07 14.58 ) 6 8 4 .083 8.66 8.33 32.22 32.64 6.60 31.80 14.02 ) 13.89 14.15 ) 6 42 37 40 44 45 34.48 34.56 34.40 14.00 13.78 14.23 ) 4 .090 8.00 9.00 7.00 35.33 35.36 ) 35.31 14.44 13.99 14.90 ) 7 .083 8.50 8.33 7.00 ) .090 9.00 9.00 6.80 ) 7 44 41 42 26 39 33.28 33.96 32.60 14.29 14.16 14.43 ) 2 .086 8.00 8.66 7.20 ) 2 40 39 39 283. 33.5 34.2 32.8 13.97 13.92 14.03 ) .080 8.66 8.00 6.20 ) 0021 002011 2010 2011 2010 .201 .527 .72.68 0.87 2.72 0.25 0.17 0.42 002011 2010 .604 0.25 0.41 0.36 126 oldVtmnCm/0g Pooled Vitamin C(mg/100g) Pooled Jain, P.K.,V.B. Raut,R.L.andRajwade, 2006.Mangobased Srivastava, A.K. andSingh, S.2007.Citrusnutritionresearchin Raut, R.L.2006.Performanceofvariousintercropsinrelationto Purseglove, J.W. 1972.Mangoesof West India. Pate, J.S., Atkins, C. A, White, S.T., Rainbird,R.M.and Woo, K.C. Sarkar, S.K.,Gautam,B.,Seethambram, Y. and Vijaya, N.2004. Ratha, S.andSwain,C.2005.Performanceofintercropsinmango Madhya Pradesh. intercropping underthewatershedofKymoreplateau Indi J.Hort India: Currentstatusandfuturestrategies. 127. & Crops attributes andyieldofmango( land equivalentratio(LER)andtheirinfluenceonyield 174. ureide-producing grainlegumes. 1980. Nitrogennutritionandxylem transportofnitrogenin 78 mango orchardunderDecanplateau. Effect ofintercroppingsequencewithvegetablesinyoung Dryland Agril.Res.&Dev orchard inEasternGhatHighLandZoneofOrissa. :3-16.
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