Jefferson Defends the Louisiana Purchase Main Ideas and Details “I Know That the Acquisition of Louisiana Has Been Disapproved by Some

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Week 14 of 36 • Page 4 The War ACROSS WEEK 14 Name ______2. repeal of 1812 6. events in which U.S. sailors were captured and forced to ﬁ ght for the British Navy 8. our national anthem: “The Star- Spangled ____” 10. to send something to another place

DOWN 1. U.S. General at the battle of New Orleans: Andrew _____ 3. last name of the man who may have inspired the character “Uncle Sam” 4. act of 1807 that backfi red: _____ Act 5. another word for brothers 7. group of Congressmen who convinced Madison to declare war: War ______9. ships carrying goods: _____ ships Before the War: Jefferson Defends the Louisiana Purchase Main Ideas and Details “I know that the acquisition of Louisiana has been disapproved by some ... The larger our association the less will it be shaken by local passions; and in any view is it not better that the opposite bank of the Mississippi should be set- Use information from the article “The War of 1812” to complete a main idea/detail organizer for each section of the article. Be sure to write in complete sentences. Edit your work for correct capitalization, grammar, punctuation, spelling and sentence structure. tled by our own brethren and children than by strangers of another family?” —President Thomas Jefferson, 1803, talking about the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France Buying the Louisiana Territory from be good for the U.S. economy. He also said Rumors of War France doubled the size of the United States. it would be better to have our own “brethren An End to War, But Not to Problems France had needed money, and the United (brothers) and children” settle across Main Idea: ______Main Idea: ______States wanted land. Jefferson believed the Mississippi River than strangers. that the United States would be safer and President Jefferson worked hard to stay ______stronger if the land west of the Mississippi on friendly terms with foreign countries, belonged to us instead of a foreign country. especially Great Britain, France and Detail: ______Detail: ______To President Thomas Jefferson and many Spain. He knew it was important to be ______others, the Louisiana Purchase sounded like able to continue to export goods overseas. ______a win-win situation. (Export means to send something to another Detail: ______Citizens of the United States moved place.) And he wanted to stay out Detail: ______westward into the new territory. They built of disagreements between other ______new settlements where they had plenty of countries. Unfortunately, ______space to farm the fertile land and start their things did not go exactly own businesses. They used rivers like the as Jefferson hoped, and The Embargo Act of 1807 Mississippi and Ohio to move goods. People soon the United States were making good livings, and things found itself in the middle Main Idea: ______seemed to be going well in the growing of a fi ght with Great country. Britain. By that time, ______Still, not everyone thought the Louisiana James Madison was Purchase was a good idea. With so many the president. Once Detail: ______people moving west, the biggest worry again, we were at war ______was that the land would eventually become with the country from new states. Why did some people think which we had won our Detail: ______that was a problem? Because they were independence just a few afraid the eastern states would lose some decades earlier. How ______of their power. Jefferson reminded them did the War of 1812 that the United States now controlled the begin? What happened War Hawks Urge Madison Mississippi River and the Port of New after the war was over? to Start a War Orleans. Goods could be shipped to the port You’ll fi nd out inside and then out of the United States. It would this paper! Main Idea: ______‘Amanece, lo veis?’ Detail: ______“The Star Spangled Banner” is the national in another language. Some say the anthem’s themes anthem of our country. Americans take off their of struggle, freedom and opportunity translate well ______hats, hold their hands over their hearts and sing the into Spanish. anthem to honor the United States. Others believe the national anthem should only Detail: ______Not long ago Adam Kidron, a British music be sung in English. They say it is disrespectful to producer, recorded a Spanish language version of the country to sing the national anthem in Spanish. ______the anthem. “Nuestro Hymno” (“Our Anthem”) is Some people don’t like it because they believe sung by several artists, including Haitian singer singing the song in Spanish is a way to support If you’d like to make any editorial comments about our Wyclef Jean. illegal immigration. paper, please write to us at Some people support the Spanish language What do you think? You can listen to “Nuestro [email protected]. version of the anthem. They believe since America Hymno” at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.

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USA The War War Hawks Urge Mr. Madison to Start a War Major Events of the War of 1812 of 1812 James Madison was Thomas Jefferson’s secretary of state. • June 1812 — United States declares war against Great Britain He knew a lot about history and government and was known as • July 1812 — First battle of the war as United States invades the “Father of the Constitution.” He also helped write the Bill of British-ruled Canada Rumors of War The Embargo Act of 1807 Rights. In 1808 he succeeded, or followed, Jefferson to become the • August 1812 — U.S. troops surrender to British and American Just weeks after selling the Louisiana Territory to the United President Jefferson and his advisors decided that the United States fourth president of the United States. Indian forces at Detroit, Michigan States, France was at war with Great Britain. The United States had to do something to put an end to the bullying of our ships by Our nation was not in good shape. The Embargo Act had left the • August 1812 — U.S. ship the USS Constitution defeats the British quickly made plans to keep doing business with both countries Great Britain and France. He believed the United States should stop United States feeling angry and upset. People lost a lot of money ship HMS Guerriere while staying out of the war itself. The United States depended sending American supplies to both countries. That would teach them during this time. They also believed that many problems with • November 1812 — James Madison re-elected president on the money it made selling goods to European countries and a lesson! So Congress passed the Embargo Act of 1807. An embargo American Indians were caused by the British. Everyone wanted the • December 1812 — The USS Constitution defeats the HMS Java could not afford to lose any of that business. So we kept selling is an order to stop ships from delivering goods. The law said that no United States to be strong and proud again. Many Americans wanted • March 1813 — British Navy begins raids in the Chesapeake Bay food to both Great Britain and France. At fi rst, Great Britain and goods could be shipped to any foreign port. The United States hoped the United States to declare another war against Great Britain. area France were OK with that plan. But soon both countries began to that both France and Great Britain would be devastated without A group of Congressmen called the War Hawks convinced • April 1813 — Americans capture Toronto question whose side we were on. Great Britain and France began American supplies. Unfortunately the Embargo Act backfi red. The Madison to declare war. Congress agreed, and in June 1812 the • May 1813 — British Navy blockades most middle and southern slowing down and sometimes stopping cargo ships (ships carrying two nations at war were able to get along just fi ne without U.S. United States was again at war with Great Britain. states in the United States goods) on the Atlantic Ocean. Many times British or French sailors goods. When the deliveries stopped, ships full of rotting food were • November 1813 — British offer to talk peace with the United States searched the cargo areas of U.S. ships. Both countries wanted left in American harbors. The people of the United States were very • April 1814 — British Navy blockades New England to make sure the United States wasn’t supplying the other with unhappy, and President Jefferson repealed (cancelled) the Embargo An End to War, But Not to Problems The War of 1812 ended on Christmas Eve, 1814. • July 1814 — British forces occupy Maine weapons. Americans wanted to stay out of the war, but that was Act. U.S. ships began sailing again, but soon they were again being Communication was slow in those days, and word of the end of • August 1814 — U.S. banks and economy in serious trouble while getting harder to do. treated badly by the European countries. British ships continued the war didn’t reach General Andrew Jackson in New Orleans. peace talks begin capturing U.S. sailors and forcing them to fi ght for the British Navy. There, in early January 1815, he led an army of over 4,000 men. • August 1814 — The British burn Washington, D.C. This practice was called impressment. Some were regular U.S. soldiers, but others were frontiersmen from • September 1814 — Frances Scott Key writes “The Star Spangled southern states, former slaves from Haiti and even pirate outlaws. Banner” at Fort McHenry They banded together against a British army of almost 8,000. When • January 1815 — General Andrew Jackson and troops defeat the the Battle of New Orleans was over, 2,000 British soldiers had been British at the Battle of New Orleans killed, while the United States lost only 13 men. • February 1815 — Peace Treaty of Ghent ratifi ed and President Jackson’s victory saved New Orleans even though the war had Madison declares the war at an end been over for days. The Treaty of Ghent was signed in February 1815, offi cially ending the war. What did Americans gain from the War of 1812? Something very important—the reputation as a world power.

Uncle Sam The Star-Spangled Banner Everyone has seen him: A tall, Wilson’s employees joked once that U.S. stood The War of 1812 was a complicated one. There were many causes and white-haired gentleman with a white for “Uncle Sam” Wilson. Soon Army men were unclear outcomes. One positive result of this war may have been a feeling goatee on his chin. He usually wears talking about “Uncle Sam’s” beef. This led to the of national pride. Americans had proved that the country was indeed a a top hat and always dresses in red, idea that Uncle Sam stood for anything related world power. This feeling of patriotism can be seen in “The Star-Spangled white and blue. Of course, this is to the U.S. government. Everyone agreed Banner,” our country’s national anthem, which was written during the war. Uncle Sam! that Samuel Wilson was honest, fair In September 1814, the United States and Great Britain fought a Uncle Sam is a symbol that and reliable. They also knew he loved terrible battle near Baltimore, Maryland, at Fort McHenry. British ships represents the United States of attacked the fort from the harbor early in the morning. They blasted the and supported his country. He fort with cannon fi re. Rockets whizzed through the air and lit up the sky. America. No one knows exactly seemed like the perfect model The battle lasted through the night. how the character of Uncle Sam for a character to represent the A lawyer named Francis Scott Key was on a ship in the harbor. He came into being, but he probably United States. had been trying to help get an American prisoner freed. The British is based on a man named Samuel Did Samuel Wilson the beef agreed to release the man, but not until the battle at Fort McHenry was Wilson, who lived in the United packer look like the Uncle Sam over. All night long Key watched and waited for a sign that his nation States early in the 19th century. had won a victory. character we know today? Not At dawn the Fort McHenry soldiers knew they were going to defeat According to legend, Samuel really. The Uncle Sam character the British. In celebration they raised a giant United States fl ag and was a beef supplier for the U.S. today, an older man wearing a star- played “Yankee Doodle.” Key was eight miles away down the river, but Army during the War of 1812. spangled suit, is the product of many he clearly saw the fl ag. He wrote the words to “The Star-Spangled When Wilson shipped the beef artists and cartoonists over the years. Banner” as a poem to remember that night. out in barrels from his company Along with the bald eagle and stars The poem was put to the music of a popular song of the day and in New York, he labeled them and stripes, Uncle Sam is an enduring, or quickly became a favorite of the people. In 1931 Congress voted to “U.S.” for United States. One of make “The Star-Spangled Banner” the national long-lasting, symbol of our nation. anthem for the United States of America. Francis Scott Key and Fort McHenry Week 14 of 36 • Page 4 The War ACROSS WEEK 14 Name ______2. repeal of 1812 6. events in which U.S. sailors were captured and forced to fi ght for the British Navy 8. our national anthem: “The Star- Spangled ____” 10. to send something to another place

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