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Jefferson As President to Carry out the Ideas Jefferson Created New Policies to Put His Ideas About

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Jefferson As President to Carry out the Ideas Jefferson Created New Policies to Put His Ideas About Name Date Class CHAPTER 10 The Jefferson Era Chapter Overview CHAPTER BENCHMARKS During the presidency of Thomas Jefferson, the United SS.8.A.3.14 Explain major domestic States continued to grow and change, both physically and international economic, military, political, and socio-cultural events of and politically. Politically, a Supreme Court ruling Thomas Jefferson’s presidency. established the dominance of the Constitution as the SS.8.A.4.1 Examine the causes, law of the land, and provided more power to the judicial course, and consequences of United States westward expansion and its branch. Physically, Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase growing diplomatic assertiveness roughly doubled the size of the country. Conflicts with (War of 1812, Convention of 1818, Adams-Onis Treaty, Missouri Native Americans, Mediterranean pirates, and the Compromise, Monroe Doctrine, Trail of Tears, Texas annexation, Manifest British in the War of 1812 led to American expansion at Destiny, Oregon Territory, Mexican home and increased respect for the young country American War/Mexican Cession, California Gold Rush, Compromise of around the world. 1850, Kansas Nebraska Act, Gadsden Purchase). SS.8.A.4.3 Examine the experiences and perspectives of significant individuals and groups during this era of American History. SS.8.A.4.4 Discuss the impact of westward expansion on cultural practices and migration patterns of Native American and African slave populations. WHAT I NEED TO Know TERMS Thomas Jefferson eZebulon Pik customs duty Aaron Burr Aaron Burr jurisdiction Judiciary Act of 1801 Alexander Hamilton secede John Marshall Embargo Act tribute Marbury v. Madison Tecumseh neutral rights Louisiana Territory Tenskwatawa embargo New Orleans William Henry Harrison nationalism Saint Domingue War Hawks frigate Toussaint L’Ouverture Henry Clay Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission James Monroe John C. Calhoun PEOPLE, PLACES, EVENTS Meriwether Lewis Oliver Hazard Perry Election of 1800 William Clark Andrew Jackson John Adams Sacagawea 291 Name Date Class CHAPTER 10 The Jefferson Era CHAPTER BENCHMARKS, continued SS.8.A.4.8 Describe the influence of SS.8.A.4.13 Explain the SS.8.G.3.1 Locate and describe in individuals on social and political consequences of landmark Supreme geographic terms the major developments of this era in American Court decisions (McCulloch v. ecosystems of the United States. History. Maryland [1819], Gibbons v. Ogden [1824], Cherokee Nation v. Georgia SS.8.G.5.1 Describe human SS.8.A.4.12 Examine the effects of [1831], and Worcester v. Georgia [1832]) dependence on the physical the 1804 Haitian Revolution on the significant to this era of American environment and natural resources to United States acquisition of the history. satisfy basic needs in local Louisiana Territory. environments in the United States. The JeffersonFOLDABLE Era 01.ai FOLDABLEFOLDABLE 01.ai01.ai is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission Make this Foldable and label the four tabs–1800, 1803, 1810, and 1812. As you read the lessons inFOLDABLE this chapter, use short phrases to01.ai record what you learn about events occurring before, during, and after each 1 1 3 date. On the back, compareFractions and contrast what life was like in America 4 2 4 before and after the size of the nation doubled. Include information on FractionsFractions 0 1 0 0.25 0.5 10.751 111 33 westward-bound settlers andDecimals the overall economy of the country. Use 44 22 44 A Fractions 0 1 1 1 030.250.250.50.50.750.75 1 this Foldable to study for quizzesDecimalsDecimals and tests. 0 1 4 20 4 1 AA 0 1 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 Step 1 StepDecimals 2 Step 3 Step 4 A Fold the outer edges of the Fold the paper in half from Open and cut along the inside Label the tabs as paper to meet at the top to bottom. fold lines to form four tabs. shown. midpoint. Crease well. History Geography 1800 1803 History Geography Economics Citizenship History Geography Economics1812 Citizenship1810 Economics Citizenship B y Equations 12-2 12-3 BB (–, +) (+, +) + - y integers x - y Expressions Equations integers Equations 12-212-2 12-3 B 12-3 (–,(–, +) +) (+,(+, +) +) + - y O x Perimeter integers+ - x - Expressions x Equations 12-4integers integers - and Area Expressions 12-2 12-6integers 12-3 (–, +)(–, –) (+, +)(+, –) + x -- O x Perimeter integers xx Functions O x PerimeterFunctions integers - Expressions and Area integers12-4integers and Area 12-4 12-612-6 (–, –) (+, –) x - (–, –) (+, –) integersx - x Functions O x Perimeter Functions integers integers x Functions Functions 12-4 and Area 12-6 integers (–, –) (+, –) x - integers x Functions 292 UNITED STATES HISTORY Functions integers Measure- Mass & ment Length Capacity Metric Measure- Mass & Measure-ment LengthLength MassCapacity & C Customary ment Capacity MetricMetric Measure- Mass & Length Capacity C ment Customary C Customary Metric C Customary LESSON 1 SUMMARY A New Party in Power SS.8.A.3.14; SS.8.A.4.13; (SS.8.A.1.2; SS.8.A.1.7 1. ANALYZING The Election of 1800 INFORMATION In the election of 1800, Federalists nominated John Adams to Underline the names of run for a second term as president and Charles Pinckney to the presidential candidates run for vice president. Republicans nominated Thomas in 1800. Circle the names Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr for vice president. of the vice-presidential candidates. Then explain Political campaigns of that time were different from the why a candidate for vice campaigns we see today. Adams and Jefferson did not travel president ended up in a tie around the country to try to get votes. Instead, the candidates with Thomas Jefferson for wrote to citizens and newspaper editors to try to persuade the office of president. people to vote for them. Still, the campaign was bitterly fought, with each side making personal attacks against the other. The Vote Is Tied Under the Constitution, voters in presidential elections do not choose the president and vice president directly. Instead, they are really electing groups of people called electors. The electors, who are collectively called the Electoral College, are the people who actually elect the president. In 1800, however, the way the electors voted was different from the way they vote today. Electors voted for two people. However, they did not say which vote was for president and which was for vice president. Complete the graphic organizer below to illustrate the presidential election process in 1800. The person with the Voters choose majority of votes becomes . Electors vote The person with the for two next-largest number of votes becomes Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission candidates. UNITED STATES HISTORY 293 Name Date Class LESSON 1 SUMMARY, continued When the electors voted in 1800, there was a tie between 2. CITING TEXT Jefferson and Burr. The House of Representatives then voted EVIDENCE Think about Thomas Jefferson’s to decide the election. The House voted 35 times, but each views about the federal time the vote was still a tie. The next time the House voted, government as expressed in one person changed his vote, and Jefferson won. his Inaugural Address. List To avoid another tie between a presidential and vice- several words or phrases presidential candidate, Congress changed the Constitution. from the text that describe Under the Twelfth Amendment, passed in 1803, electors cast these views. one vote for president and the other for vice president. Jefferson’s Inauguration Jefferson became president in 1801 in a ceremony called an inauguration. In his Inaugural Address, Jefferson outlined his goals. He believed that a large federal government threatened liberty. The states, he argued, could better protect freedom. So, Jefferson wanted to limit the power and size of the federal government to make it “wise and frugal.” At the same time, he wanted to support “the state governments in all their rights.” Then, underline examples of actions Jefferson took in office Jefferson as President to carry out the ideas Jefferson created new policies to put his ideas about expressed in his address. government into practice. These new policies included: is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission • lowering the national debt 3. DETERMINING WORD • cutting military spending MEANINGS Under the Judiciary Act of 1801, • having only a few hundred government workers President Adams appointed • eliminating most federal taxes. hundreds of new judges. Why do you think these Under Jefferson, the government raised money from customs appointees were known as duties, or taxes on imported goods. The government also “midnight judges”? made money from selling lands in the West. Judiciary Act of 1801 Before Jefferson took office, the Federalists passed an act that set up a system of courts. John Adams used this act, the Judiciary Act of 1801, to appoint hundreds of new judges. He also asked John Marshall to serve as chief justice. In this way, Adams made sure that the Federalists controlled the courts. Adams’s last minute appointees, known as “midnight judges,” could not take office until they received official papers called commissions. When Jefferson became president, some of these appointees had not yet received their commissions. 294 UNITED STATES HISTORY Name Date Class LESSON 1 SUMMARY, continued Jefferson told Secretary of State James Madison not to deliver 4. MAKING them. INFERENCES Marbury v. Madison established the idea that the Constitution is the supreme law of the The Growing Power of the Supreme land—above any other laws, Court including state laws. How did this principle give more One of the appointees who did not get his commission was power to the judicial branch William Marbury.
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