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Jong Islamieten Bond 1925 – 1942 Sebagai Gerakan Pemuda Islam Di Indonesia

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Jong Islamieten Bond 1925 – 1942 Sebagai Gerakan Pemuda Islam Di Indonesia JONG ISLAMIETEN BOND 1925 – 1942 SEBAGAI GERAKAN PEMUDA ISLAM DI INDONESIA Disusun Oleh: Jamaludin 0033218880 JURUSAN PEMIKIRAN POLITIK ISLAM FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN FILSAFAT UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2008 JONG ISLAMIETEN BOND 1925 – 1942 SEBAGAI GERAKAN PEMUDA ISLAM DI INDONESIA Skripsi Diajukan kepada fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat Untuk Memenuhi Prasyarat Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos.) Oleh: Jamaludin 0033218880 Di Bawah Bimbingan Pembimbing Dra. Haniah Hanafie, M.Si NIP: 150 299 932 JURUSAN PEMIKIRAN POLITIK ISLAM FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN FILSAFAT UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2008 KATA PENGANTAR Assalamu’alaikum. Wr. Wb Syukur Alhamdulillah penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT., yang telah melimpahkan Rahmat, Karunia, Taufik dan Hidayah-Nya sehingga penyusunan skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan. Shalawat serta salam tidak lupa penulis panjatkan kepada junjungan kita Nabi Muhammad SAW., beserta keluarga dan sahabatnya yang telah membawa umat manusia menuju jalan kebaikan. Skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sosial Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan berkat bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih. Ucapan terima kasih disampaikan kepada: 1. Bapak Prof. DR. Komaruddin Hidayat, M.A, Rektor UIN Syarif Hidayatulah Jakarta. 2. Bapak DR. M. Amin Nurdin, MA, dekan fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat 3. Bapak Drs. Agus Darmaji, M.Fils, ketua jurusan Pemikiran Politik Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 4. Ibu Dra. Wiwi Siti Sajaroh, M.Ag, sekretaris jurusan Pemikiran Politik Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 5. Ibu Dra. Haniah Hanafie, M.Si, dosen pembimbing yang telah meluangkan waktu, tenaga dan pikirannya untuk memberikan bimbingan dan selalu memberikan saran dan motivasi serta pengarahan kepada penulis hingga terselesaikannya skripsi ini. 6. Bapak dan ibu dosen Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang telah mendidik dan membina selama perkuliahan berlangsung. 7. Bapak kepala dan para karyawan perpustakaan utama dan fakultas ushuluddin dan Filsafat UIN Syarif Hidayatullah yang telah memberikan pelayanan dan fasilitas serta buku-buku yang penulis perlukan. 8. Ayahanda H. Misar dan ibunda Hj. Nini, kakanda, adinda dan keponakan-keponakan yang telah memberikan dorongan moril dan materiil kepada penulis sehingga dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 9. Teman-teman seperjuangan jurusan Pemikiran Politik Islam Umar Fauzi, Irvan Ali Fauzi, Liyus Oktari, dan Ipad Badru. Mereka adalah orang-orang hebat yang senantiasa memberikan dorongan kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. 10. Seluruh angkatan 2000 yang selalu setia mendukung dan memotifasi saya untuk terus berjuang melawan rasa malas sampai brakhirnya saya lulus. Akhirnya hanya kepada Allah semua itu diserahkan. Semoga amal baik mereka diterima oleh Allah SWT., Amin. Wassalamu’alaikum. Wr. Wb Jakarta, Juni 2008 Jamaludin DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... iii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah......................................................................1 B. Batasan dan Rumusan Masalah...........................................................5 C. Tujuan Penulisan .................................................................................5 D. Metode Penulisan ................................................................................6 E. Sistematika Penulisan..........................................................................7 BAB II PENGERTIAN GERAKAN PEMUDA ISLAM.................................9 A. Pengertian gerakan..............................................................................9 1. Arti Gerakan secara Umum.............................................................9 2. Arti Gerakan Islam........................................................................11 B. Pengertian Pemuda Islam..................................................................13 1. Arti Kata Pemuda ..........................................................................13 2. Arti kata Pemuda Islam .................................................................15 BAB III SEKILAS TENTANG JONG ISLAMIETEN BOND (JIB) ............16 A. Latar Belakang Berdirinya Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB)...................16 B. Asas dan Tujuan JIB .........................................................................18 BAB IV JONG ISLAMIETEN BOND SEBAGAI GERAKAN PEMUDA ISLAM DI INDONESIA....................................................................................23 A. Ideologi-Ideologi dalam JIB..............................................................23 1. Ideologi Islam...............................................................................24 2. Ideologi Nasionalis.......................................................................26 3. Ideologi Sosialis ...........................................................................31 B. Tantangan JIB sebagai Gerakan Pemuda Islam ................................35 1. Tantangan Ideologi.......................................................................36 2. Tantangan Modernitas ..................................................................39 3. Tantangan Invasi Kebudayaan......................................................41 C. Peran JIB sebagai Gerakan Pemuda Islam........................................42 1. Merebut Kemerdekaan Indonesia.................................................43 2. Partisipasi dalam Memajukan Rakyat Indonesia..........................47 D. Posisi Perjuangan Pemuda Islam: Sebuah Prestasi atau Kegagalan..48 BAB V PENUTUP.............................................................................................51 A. Kesimpulan........................................................................................52 B. Saran-saran ........................................................................................54 DAFTAR PUSTAKA..............................................................................................64 BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Indonesia merupakan Negara kepulauan, memiliki karakter dan budaya yang beragam. Tak ayal lagi, pengaruh budaya, menyikapi pola hidup masyarakatnya. Selain itu, Indonesia memiliki letak geografis yang sangat strategis, diapit dua benua dan dua samudera, menyebabkan unsur-unsur budaya asing masuk ke Indonesia begitu cepatnya. Islam memiliki norma-norma khusus dan jelas, tentang bagaimana manusia melakukan komunikasi dengan manusia lainnya, bagaimana menempatkan kedudukan seseorang pada kedudukannya yang tepat, bagaimana memimpin masyarakat, dan bagaimana menyelenggarakan sebuah pemerintahan. Indonesia yang mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam, kiranya dapat menerapkan norma-norma ke- Islaman yang pastinya tidak bertentangan dengan keyakinan (agama) lainnya. Pemuda merupakan potensi yang dapat menentukan perjalanan sejarah umat manusia dan menggerakkan mereka ke arah cita-cita tinggi. Mampu meraih periode kebudayaan yang penuh ilmu pengetahuan dan semangat zaman. Bila kita menyibak sejarah pergerakan Islam mutakhir di tanah air niscaya dalam politik akan ditemukan organisasi tertua yaitu Syarekat Islam. Di bidang dakwah dan kemasyarakatan adalah Muhammadiyah, Persatuan Islam (Persis), Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), dan sebagainya. Sedang di dalam bidang intelektual-kepemudaan organisasi Jong Islamiten Bond (JIB) dan Jong Java.1 Pemuda Islam bukanlah suatu bagian yang terpisah dari golongan Islam sebagai kelompok sosial dan politik dalam masyarakat, pemuda Islam merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari golongan Islam atau ummat Islam sebagai kelompok kepentingan. Di dalam perjalanan sejarah peranan yang dibawakan oleh pemuda Islam sebagai “ujung tombak” seringkali begitu menonjol sehingga merupakan alur tersendiri dalam gelombang arus sejarah Islam di Indonesia. Munculnya Jong Islamiten Bond (JIB) merupakan suatu fenomena yang menarik. Anggota-anggotanya secara intelektual mulai menyadari Islam sebagai suatu cara hidup yang sempurna berkat tersebarnya gagasan-gagasan modern tentang Islam di kalangan mereka. Menurut Roem – dikatakan bahwa dua tujuan yang hendak diraih JIB adalah : 1. Mempelajari Islam dan menganjurkan agar ajaran-ajarannya dilaksanakan; 2. Mengembangkan rasa simpati terhadap Islam dan para pengikutnya, di samping menunjukkan sikap toleran positif terhadap pemeluk agama lain. Dengan menyebut sikap toleran positif terhadap pemeluk agama lain, JIB ingin menunjukkan bahwa Islam bukanlah agama sempit dan dangkal; dan kaum muslimin memang sama sekali tidak punya niat untuk memaksa pihak lain untuk memeluk Islam karena hal itu berlawanan dengan ajaran al-Qur’an sendiri.2 Tantangan-tantangan terhadap Islam khususnya dalam dunia kepemudaan mempunyai kekhususan tersendiri, respons yang diberikan oleh pemuda Islam untuk 1 Ridwan Saidi, Pemuda Islam dalam Dinamika Politik Bangsa 1925-1984, (Jakarta : Rajawali Press, 1984), cet. Ke-1, h. 26-27 2 Lihat, Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif, Islam dan Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Negara, (Jakarta: LP3ES, 2006), edisi revisi, h. 94 menyahut tantangan tersebut juga merupakan fase-fase sejarah meski tak dapat
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