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Sejarah Islam Di Nusantara ( Pdfdrive.Com ) Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang. Dilarang mengutip atau memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit. SEJARAH ISLAM DI NUSANTARA Diterjemahkan dari Te Makings of Indonesian Islam, terbitan Princeton University Press, 2011 Karya Michael Lafan Cetakan Pertama, September 2015 Penerjemah: Indi Aunullah & Rini Nurul Badariah Penyunting: Munawir Azis & Agus Hadiyono Perancang sampul: Adit H. & Fahmi Ilmansyah Pemeriksa aksara: Fitriana & Akhmad Zulkarnain Penata aksara: Adfna Fahd Foto isi: Koleksi pribadi penulis Digitalisasi: Rahmat Tsani H. Copyright © 2011 Princeton University Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Hak terjemahan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia ada pada Penerbit Bentang. Diterbitkan oleh Penerbit Bentang (PT Bentang Pustaka) Anggota Ikapi Jln. Plemburan No. 1, Pogung Lor, RT 11 RW 48 SIA XV, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55284 Telp.: (0274) 889248, Faks.: (0274) 883753 Surel: [email protected] Surel redaksi: [email protected] http://bentangpustaka.com Perpustakaan Nasional: Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT) Lafan, Michael Sejarah Islam di Nusantara/Michael Lafan; penerjemah, Indi Aunullah & Rini Nurul Badariah; penyunting, Munawir Azis & Agus Hadiyono.—Yogyakarta: Bentang, 2015. xx + 328 hlm; 23,5 cm. Judul asli: Te Makings of Indonesian Islam ISBN 978-602-291-058-9 1. Indonesia—Islam—Sejarah. I. Judul. II. Indi Aunullah. III. Rini Nurul Badariah. IV. Munawir Azis. V. Agus Hadiyono. 297.965 98 E-book ini didistribusikan oleh: Mizan Digital Publishing Jl. Jagakarsa Raya No. 40 Jakarta Selatan - 12620 Phone.: +62-21-7864547 (Hunting) Fax.: +62-21-7864272 email: [email protected] Untuk Ibu dan Ayah ISI BUKU Daftar Gambar viii Daftar Singkatan dan Rujukan Arsip ix Kata Pengantar xiii Ucapan Terima Kasih xviii Bagian Satu INSPIRASI, INGATAN, REFORMASI 1 #1 Mengingat Islamisasi, 1300–1750 2 #2 Menerima Sebuah Ajaran Baru, 1750–1800 28 #3 Reformasi dan Meluasnya Ruang Muslim, 1800–1890 46 Bagian Dua KEKUASAAN DALAM PENCARIAN PENGETAHUAN 75 #4 Berbagai Pandangan Fundamental mengenai Islam Hindia, 1600–1800 78 #5 Rezim-Rezim Baru Pengetahuan, 1800–1865 99 #6 Mencari Gereja Penyeimbang, 1837–1889 117 Bagian Tiga ORIENTALISME DIGUNAKAN 143 #7 Renungan-Renungan dari Jauh mengenai Sebuah Koloni Penting, 1882–1888 145 #8 Perjumpaan-Perjumpaan Kolaboratif, 1889–1892 169 #9 Para Mufti Bayangan, Modern Kristen, 1892–1906 187 Bagian Empat MASA LALU SUFI, MASA DEPAN MODERN 201 #10 Dari Sufsme ke Salafsme, 1905–1911 203 #11 Para Penasihat untuk Indonesië, 1906–1919 218 #12 Pengerasan dan Perpisahan, 1919–1942 240 Simpulan 267 Glosarium 271 Catatan 277 Indeks 317 DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1 Pusat-Pusat Melayu di Asia Tenggara, sekitar 1200–1600 3 Gambar 2 Syarh Umm al-barahin, manuskrip, sekitar abad kesembilan belas 6 Gambar 3 Islam Nusantara, 1600–1900 37 Gambar 4 Imam Bonjol, sekitar 1848 44 Gambar 5 Makam Malik Ibrahim, dari Van Hoëvell, Reis over Java 106 Gambar 6 Jawa pada Masa Kolonial Akhir 168 Gambar 7 Majmu‘at mawlud (Bombay: Muhammadiyya, 1324) 174 DAFTAR SINGKATAN DAN RUJUKAN ARSIP AA Ambtelijke adviezen van C. Snouck Hurgronje 1889–1936, E. Gobée dan C. Adriaanse (ed.), 3 vol., (Te Hague: Nijhof, 1957–65) Ar. Bahasa Arab Archief Archief voor de geschiedenis der oude Hollandsche zending, J.A. Grothe (ed.), 6 vol., (Utrecht: Van Bentum, 1884–91) b. Ibn, atau Bin; penyebutan dalam bahasa Arab untuk “putra dari” BB Binnenlandsch Bestuur, Kepegawaian Negeri Hindia Belanda BKI Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde CSI Centraal Sarekat Islam, badan koordinasi Sarekat Islam Bld. Bahasa Belanda EI2 Encyclopaedia of Islam, Edisi Kedua, P. Bearman dkk. (ed.), 12 vol., (Leiden: Brill, 1954–2005) EI3 Encyclopaedia of Islam Tree, Gudrun Krämer dkk. (ed.), (Leiden: Brill, 2007–) f Gulden Belanda GAL Carl Brockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur, Jan Just Witkam, pengantar dan ed., 2 vol. 3 sup., (Leiden: Brill, 1996) GG Gouveneur Generaal van Nederlandsch Indië, Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Belanda HAZEU* Collectie Hazeu, KITLV, H 1083 IG Indisch Gids IJMES International Journal of Middle East Studies ILS Islamic Law and Society IOL India Ofce Library, British Library IOR India Ofce Records, British Library IPO Overzicht van de Inlandsche- en Maleisch- Chinese Pers x — SEJARAH ISLAM DI NUSANTARA JALAL AL-DIN* Maleisch leesboek voor eerstbeginnenden en meergevorderden; Vijfde stukje; Bevattende een verhaal van den aanvang der Padri-onlusten op Sumatra, door Sjech Djilâl-Eddîn, J.J. de Hollander, ed., (Leiden: Brill, 1857) Jaw. Bahasa Jawa JESHO Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient JIB Jong Islamieten Bond JMBRAS Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society JSEAS Journal of Southeast Asian Studies KERN* Collectie Kern, KITLV, H 797 KIAZ/KIZ Kantoor voor Inlandsch en Arabisch Zaken/Kantoor voor Inlandsch Zaken; Kantor Urusan Pribumi dan Arab, kemudian menjadi Kantor Urusan Pribumi KITLV Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde; Institut Kerajaan Belanda untuk Studi Asia Tenggara dan Karibia, Leiden LOr. Leiden University Library, ms. Or. LUB Leiden University Library Mel. Bahasa Melayu MCP Malay Concordance Project, Australian National University, http://mcp.anu.edu.au/ MinBuZa Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken: A-dossiers, 1815–1940, nummer toegang 2.05.03 MR Nationaaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Koloniën: Mailrapporten 1869–1900, nummer toegang 2.10.02 MNZG Mededeelingen van wege het Nederlandsche Zendelinggenootschap NBG Nederlandsch Bijbel Genootschap; Masyarakat Injil Belanda NU Nahdlatul Ulama NZV Nederlandsche Zendings Vereeniging; Organisasi Misi Belanda ONOI F. Valentyn, Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën, vervattende een naauwkeurige en uitvoerige verhandeling van Nederlants Mogentheyd in die Gewesten, enz.met meer dan 1050 prentverbeeldingen verrykt ... en met ... kaarten opgeheldert, 5 vols. (D ordrecht [etc.]: Van Braam, 1724–26) * Perhatikan bahwa HAZEU, JALAL AL-DIN, KERN, dan PIJPER sebagai sumber ditulis menggunakan huruf kapital untuk membedakannya dari nama orang. DAFTAR SINGKATAN DAN RUJUKAN ARSIP — xi ONZ Orgaan der Nederlandsche Zendingsvereeniging PIJPER* Collectie Pijper, notes, LO r. 26.337 Plakaatboek J.A. van der Chijs, Nederlandsch-Indisch plakaatboek, 1602–1811, 16 vol., (Batavia dan Te Hague, Landsdrukkerij dan Nijhof) PNRI Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia PS Korespondensi antara G.F. Pijper dan C. Snouck Hurgronje, dalam Collectie Pijper, LO r. 26.335 PUL Princeton University Library Q Al-Quran RIMA Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Afairs SB Amicissime: Brieven van Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje aan Herman Bavinck, 1878–1921, J. de Bruijn (ed.), (Amsterdam: Historisch Documentatiecentrum voor het Nederlands Protestantisme, 1992) SI Sarekat Islam TBG Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde TKNM Tentara Kanjeng Nabi Muhammad TNI Tijdschrift voor Neêrlands Indië Vb Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, Ministerie van Koloniën: Openbaar Verbaal, 1901–1952, nummer toegang 2.10.36.04 VBG Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen VG Verspreide geschriften van C. Snouck Hurgronje, A.J. Wensinck (ed.), 6 vol., (Leiden: Brill, 1923–27) VK Orientalism and Islam: Te letters of C. Snouck Hurgronje to T. Nöldeke from the Tübingen University Library, S. van Koningsveld (ed.), (Leiden: Faculteit der Godgeleerdheid, 1985) CATATAN MENGENAI ORTOGRAFI, PENULISAN NAMA, DAN ITALIK Dalam menulis sebuah buku yang berurusan dengan banyak sumber dalam beragam bahasa dan tradisi ejaan, saya harus membuat beberapa putusan demi kepentingan keterbacaan. Saya menyadari bahwa dalam banyak kasus saya melakukan kekerasan terhadap beberapa konvensi bahasa Indonesia modern yang berasal dari pendahulu bahasa Belanda-nya, terutama dengan menambahkan huruf Arab ‘ayn di sana sini tempat bahasa Indonesia menggunakan bunyi hambat glotal, senyap, atau sesekali k. Saya juga menyisipkan kata “dari” yang ganjil atau menggunakan pengenalan adjektival xii — SEJARAH ISLAM DI NUSANTARA berbahasa Arab untuk membantu para pembaca yang tidak akrab dengan geograf Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, seseorang yang sekarang lazimnya dikenal sebagai Abdussamad Palembang akan dirujuk sebagai ‘Abd al-Samad dari Palembang, atau ‘Abd al-Samad al-Falimbani (sebagaimana dia disebutkan dalam naskah-naskah berbahasa Arab). Dalam banyak kasus saya melakukan hal itu untuk menghubungkan kembali Indonesia dengan masa lalu Islam-nya yang dikomunikasikan melalui tulisan Jawi yang terarabkan. Walaupun begitu, dengan alasan yang sama, beragam makron dan titik subskrip pada istilah-istilah berbahasa Arab yang hanya menarik bagi para spesialis dihilangkan. Oleh karena itu, nama- nama—baik berbahasa Arab maupun Indonesia—ditampilkan dengan sistem yang sama, meskipun biasanya saya tidak menerapkannya ketika mengutip atau menerjemahkan pasase asli dalam tulisan Latin. Tentu saja kompromi ini, terutama dengan mempertimbangkan dominannya sumber Belanda yang digunakan, masih menyisakan cukup banyak nama dan istilah yang tidak jelas bagi para pembaca berbahasa Inggris. Hanya sedikit orang yang akan mengenali sjech sebagai syekh pada perjumpaan pertama, tetapi semoga saja aliran diskusi akan memudahkan transisi semacam ini. Untuk mengurangi kejanggalan
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