Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021
Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire Lincolnshire’s Resilience Forum 2018 – 2021
CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021
Introduction...... 1 Preparing for an Emergency...... 24
The Lincolnshire Profile...... 2 How can Your Local Community be Prepared?...... 27 Top Risks In Lincolnshire...... 4
Pandemic Flu...... 5 How can Your Business be Prepared?...... 28 Impacts from Disease/Contamination...... 7
Flooding – East Coast, River and Surface Water.10 Warning and Informing...... 29
Severe Weather...... 12 Want to know more?...... 30 Widespread Electricity Failure – Loss of Critical Infrastructure...... 14
Fuel Shortages...... 16
Malicious Threats...... 18 Lincolnshire’s Resilience Forum Animal Diseases...... 20
Maritime Pollution...... 22
Introduction
The Lincolnshire Community Risk Register provides information on the key risks that have the potential to cause disruption to the county. This document explains the types of emergencies that might occur and what we are doing to mitigate them and how you as individuals, families or small businesses can help to protect yourself.
The LRF WHAT WE DO All responders work to a set of common objectives, which will help to: The strategic aim of Lincolnshire’s WHO WE ARE Resilience Forum is: • Prevent the disaster getting worse • Save lives Lincolnshire’s Resilience Forum is a ‘To establish and maintain effective statutory body made up of all the multi-agency arrangements to • Relieve suffering organisations needed to prepare for, respond to emergencies, minimise • Restore normality as soon and respond to, any major emergency the impact of those emergencies on as possible in the county. the public, property and environment of Lincolnshire and to satisfy fully • Protect property The LRF covers the Lincolnshire the requirements of the Civil police force area, and includes the • Facilitate a criminal investigation Contingencies Act’. emergency services, local authorities and judicial process if necessary the Environment Agency and health As well as dealing with the aftermath agencies along with voluntary and of an emergency, all services and private agencies. organisations work together to ensure that the best possible preparations Under the Civil Contingencies Act and plans are in place. These are (2004) every part of the United regularly tested and updated so that Kingdom is required to establish a agencies can respond immediately and resilience forum. effectively to any threat.
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 The Lincolnshire Profile
GAINSBOROUGH Some risks will be more likely to happen in Lincolnshire, or they may have a bigger impact here, compared to other parts of the country. West Lindsey
To understand why some risks are more significant in Lincolnshire, we need to look at the profile of East Lindsey the area, including social, economic and geographical factors. These factors also influence how we can LINCOLN prepare for and manage emergencies in the county. SKEGNESS North Kesteven
SLEAFORD SOCIAL the influence of universities and higher dementia in Lincolnshire, BOSTON
education. in 2017. This accounted GRANTHAM Boston Lincolnshire’s population is around for 6.7% of all adults aged 750,000. Between 2006 and 2016, the HEALTH 65 and over. It is estimated population of Lincolnshire increased that more than 15,000 South Kesteven South SPALDING by 8.5 per cent, higher than the East Life expectancy from birth for individuals in Lincolnshire have Holland Midlands (8.2 per cent) and England Lincolnshire residents is comparable to a learning disability. (8.4 per cent), however future national estimates and has remained projections are that growth will be static since 2010. Healthy life The number of people aged 65+ lower than the national average. expectancy from birth in Lincolnshire is admitted to hospital as a result of falls slightly lower than national estimates is projected to increase from 3,309 in Lincolnshire has a declining younger below sea level and are protected from and has decreased since 2010. 2014 to 5,188 in 2030. population and a growing older flooding by sea walls and defences. There are a number of internationally population with many people moving 70% of adults in the county are ENVIRONMENT and nationally important nature to the county in order to retire. overweight or obese. National conservation sites along the coast, estimates of levels of morbid obesity Lincolnshire is a largely rural county The proportion of people over 75 including the Wash, which is classified suggest that there may be 11,500 with a coastline of more than 50 years of age is projected to increase as a Site of Special Scientific Interest. adults with a BMI over 40 and nearly miles, hosting seaside resorts that by 95% between 2014 and 2039, 800 with a BMI over 50 in Lincolnshire. attract thousands of visitors each year. although Lincoln as a city has a higher Lincolnshire has one major city plus It is also home to a diverse range of percentage of people aged 20-64 a series of medium to large rural It was estimated that 11,688 people wildlife including the grey seal. Large compared with other districts, due to market towns. aged 65 and over were living with areas of land along the coastline are
BACK TO 2 THE LINCOLNSHIRE PROFILE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 There are 18 rivers running through Lincolnshire has no commercial airports of widespread utilities disruption, but the county, the two largest being however it does have a number of are more vulnerable to shortages or the Witham and the Trent. It is also active RAF bases, a number of small disruptions within their own system. home to the Foss Dyke canal, one of local airfields and Humberside airport England’s oldest canal systems still in is just across the border in North ECONOMY use today. Lincolnshire. Agriculture, commercial, industrial, The port of Boston has regular finance, transport, energy, public container services operating to and services and leisure and tourism make from Norway, Sweden and Spain with up the county’s economy. overall some 750 vessels per year being handled through the port. Imports Lincoln City has the fourth highest include animal feeds, paper, steel and proportion of students in the East timber. In addition up to half a million Midlands with around 10,000 students tonnes of grain is exported from the at the University of Lincoln. port of Boston every year. The port handles approximately 1.5 million Lincolnshire’s long-standing reliance on tonnes of cargo per year. traditional industries such as agriculture remains high. Port Sutton Bridge is a modern dry INFRASTRUCTURE cargo port and warehouse complex that has grown over recent years. The rural nature of the county means that many people have to travel greater Many communities within Lincolnshire distances to work compared to the are on the periphery of the supply national average, with people in the networks for utilities such as water, west of the county generally making gas and electricity, which means they longer journeys than those in the east. are more exposed to single points of failure within the supply chain. Due to The western edge of Lincolnshire is the sparse nature of the population, connected to the UK’s strategic road there are many homes within the network by the A1 and also has part county that are not on the main supply of the East Coast Main Line running route for basic utilities. These homes through it, providing excellent rail links rely on septic tanks, and oil and gas to London and Scotland. storage for hot water and heating. These homes are more resilient in times
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS THE LINCOLNSHIRE PROFILE 3 Top Risks In Lincolnshire
Every two years the UK Government produces an assessment of the risks facing the UK The list below is the assessment that could cause a civil emergency. for Lincolnshire of the key risks that have the potential to Locally, responders identify, assess and prioritise the civil emergency scenarios. They assess the likelihood of risks occurring cause a significant disruption to and the impact if they do occur based on historical data, scientific evidence and expert judgement. the county. • Pandemic Flu • Impacts from Disease/ Contamination • East Coast Flooding • Inland Flooding • Severe Weather • Loss of Critical Infrastructure • Fuel Shortages • Malicious Threats
In addition to the top risks to Lincolnshire we also plan and prepare for other national risks. Two such risks which would have a significant impact upon Lincolnshire are: • Animal Disease • Maritime Pollution
BACK TO 4 TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 Pandemic Flu
Flu pandemics are natural events that happen when a unique flu virus evolves that few people (if any) are immune to.
There are important differences The most recent pandemic flu outbreak between ‘ordinary’ seasonal flu of was an H1N1 strain (‘Swine flu’) in CONSEQUENCES the kind that happens in winter, and 2009 which caused at least 18,500 pandemic flu. In a pandemic, the new deaths worldwide. In 1918 another • Vulnerable people exposed to virus will spread quickly and cause more variant of the same H1N1 strain lower levels of care serious illness in a large proportion (‘Spanish flu’) killed over 50 million • Longer and more frequent of the population, due to the lack of people globally. However, other flu disruptions to essential utilities immunity. There is a high probability strains exist with pandemic potential, of a flu pandemic occurring, but it is such as H5N1 (‘avian or bird flu’). This • Reduced levels of emergency impossible to predict when, or exactly strain caused several hundred human services cover what it would be like. deaths in South East Asia in 1996. • Disruptions to businesses and organisations through staff Each pandemic is different and the A pandemic could cause up to 50% shortages and supply chain nature of the virus and its impacts of the UK population experiencing interruptions cannot be known in detail in advance. symptoms, potentially leading to All ages may be affected, but we between 20,000 and 750,000 fatalities • Impacts on the national and cannot know until the virus emerges and high levels of absence from work. local economy which groups will be most at risk.
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE 5 WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO? WHAT ARE WE DOING IN LINCOLNSHIRE?
• Keep healthy – a healthy lifestyle will be a great We work together to plan for: defence against flu and other illnesses • Management of the demand on the NHS and • Identify a flu friend – somebody who would collect social care your medication, food and other supplies allowing • Distribution of anti-viral medication to the public you to be isolated from the public • Vaccinations • Keep personal stocks of “over the counter” cold and flu medication to help relieve your symptoms • Public awareness and media management • The annual flu vaccine can help reduce the risk of flu. • Managing excessive levels of death It is free for those most at risk – see www.nhs.uk or Individual LRF organisations have their own speak to your GP or pharmacist business continuity plans in place to cope in times of • Look out for and observe advice and guidance staff shortage. from the NHS • For pandemic flu, good hygiene remains the most effective defence until a vaccine can be developed. Antibiotics will not have any effect on flu, as it is a Worried you have virus and antibiotics only kill bacteria an urgent medical concern? C ALL 111
Our fully trained advisors will help you get the right medical attention when you urgently need it, 24 hours a day, and can put you through to CATCH IT, BIN IT, KILL IT healthcare professionals.
Flu germs can live on some surfaces for hours. If you have flu, you can protect others by carrying tissues with you and using them to catch your coughs and sneezes. Bin the tissue, Catch it. Bin it. Kill it. and to kill the germs, wash your hands with soap and water Stop the spread of flu germs. Use a tissue and wash your hands thoroughly. or use a sanitiser gel. This is the best way to help slow the spread of flu.
If you have concerns about symptoms, call the 24/7 NHS non-emergency numbers 111. For emergencies continue Lead Agency – The lead agency for Pandemic Flu is Public to dial 999. Health England.
BACK TO 6 TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 Impacts from Disease/Contamination
The impacts from disease or contamination could be caused by a number of factors including emerging infectious diseases, food supply contamination or poor air quality.
Emerging Lead Agency – The lead agency for CONSEQUENCES Infectious Diseases emerging infectious diseases is Public Health England. Emerging infectious diseases could • Vulnerable people exposed to cause large numbers of people to fall ill. lower levels of care Food Supply These are diseases which have recently • Longer and more frequent Contamination been recognised or where cases have disruptions to essential utilities increased over the last 20 years in This could be caused by a major food • Reduced levels of emergency a specific place or among a specific contamination incident leading to services cover population (e.g. the Zika virus). The illness, hospitalisation and possible likelihood of an emerging infectious • Disruptions to businesses and fatalities until the contaminant is disease spreading within the UK is organisations through staff identified, and during the following assessed to be lower than that of a shortages and supply chain months when a response is active. flu pandemic. interruptions In 2005 over 650 products were taken Ways of catching these diseases • Impacts on the national and off the shelves in UK supermarkets can include: local economy due to concerns about contamination of food products with Sudan 1, a • Respiratory (airborne from one colouring agent banned in many infected person to another) countries. • Vector-borne (spread to humans via a third-party species, e.g. a mosquito) • Blood-borne (spread between humans via exposure to infected blood or blood products) • Food-borne (spread by contaminated food/water)
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE 7 Poor Air Quality CONSEQUENCES CONSEQUENCES Air quality has improved significantly • Reputational damage to the over recent decades. However surges • Fatalities and physical casualties food industry in poor air quality can occur when • Pressure on healthcare, weather conditions prevent pollution • Pressure on healthcare, particularly hospital services and from dispersing. Air quality is also particularly hospital referrals demands on ambulances and worsened by the ultraviolet light from and demands on ambulances other emergency services sunshine, as it reacts with the air to • Potential national disruption to generate ozone. Poor air quality is a • Economic damage choice of foods for up to a week risk to health, particularly for those with • Environmental damage • Panic buying and possible pre-existing heart and lung conditions, shortages of food stuffs leading and among children and the elderly. Lead Agency – The lead agency for to possible supermarket, In 2006 the UK experienced two catering and food outlet closures Poor Air Quality is the Department for periods of extended hot weather Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. while they wait for further stock with associated elevated ozone and • Environmental consequences harmful airborne particles. These because of incorrect disposal occurred between 27 June and 7 July IN LINCOLNSHIRE of contaminated products by and between 13 and 23 July with a The Local Health Resilience Partnership members of the public combination of heatwave conditions (LHRP) is a strategic forum for and poor air quality. The first episode • Access to health care could organisations in the local health sector led to up to 540 deaths and up to 700 be affected if there are a including the voluntary sector. It hospital admissions and the second significant number of casualties facilitates the production of local health episode led to up to 630 deaths and up causing increased demands on plans as the Lincolnshire Multi Agency to 830 hospital admissions. In spring of hospitals/GPs Pandemic Influenza Plan. 2015, two particle pollution episodes caused widespread poor air quality Lead Agency – The lead agency for throughout the UK, with multiple food supply contamination is the Food areas measuring ‘High’ on the Daily Standards Agency. Air Quality Index. Summer 2015 also contained two elevated ozone episodes.
BACK TO 8 TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO?
• If you are travelling abroad, consult the travel immunisation guidance and make sure your protections are up to date. https://www.nhs.uk/ common-health-questions/travel-health/which-vaccinations-do-i-need-to- travel-abroad/ • Follow any guidance from the World Health Organisation if specific diseases become cause for concern • If you think that you or a member of your family might be at risk from poor air quality, read the health advice from the Met Office and from DEFRA • If you have a pre-existing health condition, you should follow your doctor’s advice to manage your condition, and take simple precautions like packing an extra inhaler • You can check the daily pollution forecast before you travel to get some advance warning of poor air quality by calling the Air Quality Helpline free on 0800 556677
WHAT ARE WE DOING IN LINCOLNSHIRE?
We work together, including liaison with the Met Office, to plan for: • Management of the demand on the NHS and social care • Distribution of anti-viral medication to the public • Public awareness and media management • Managing excessive levels of death
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE 9 Flooding – East Coast, River and Surface Water
There are three types of flooding considered within this document: • Coastal (where high tides and storm surges combine to cause the sea to flood inland) • Rivers and streams, known as ‘fluvial flooding’ (where waterways overflow their banks into surrounding water areas) and • Surface water (where rainfall overwhelms the Photo: Lincolnshire Echo drainage systems) CONSEQUENCES
Storm Surges • Risk to life • Disruption to utilities (electricity and water supply) Low atmospheric pressure allows the sea’s surface to bulge upwards in what is • Damage to property, businesses called a ‘storm surge’. If strong persistent onshore winds occur, these increase and agricultural land • Widespread structural damage the height of the surge and generate waves that can damage the coastline. • Risk to life of livestock • Flooding of properties for up Surges can occur at any point on the tidal cycle; at low tide they rarely cause to 14 days flooding but at high tide the resulting flooding can be significant. • Pollution and contamination of local environments • Evacuation of residents If there is a very large sea surge in the North Sea, with tides, gale force winds and potentially heavy rainfall, many coastal regions and tidal reaches of rivers • Long term damage to tourism, • Short, medium and long term could be affected, from South Yorkshire down the coast as far as Kent. Many businesses and agriculture loss of accommodation for those whose homes or businesses coastal and estuary defences would be overtopped or breached, and drains • Damage to national critical are flooded would back up. Inundation from these breaches would be rapid and dynamic, infrastructure (North Sea oil and with minimal warning and for some people, no time to evacuate. gas installations) • Unrecoverable damage to businesses
BACK TO 10 TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 IN LINCOLNSHIRE WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO? Lincolnshire’s coastline is a major attraction for many UK holiday-makers, and is also a popular area for • Find out if your property is within a flood risk area retirement. There are approximately 24,000 static https://www.gov.uk/check-flood-risk caravans along the coast across 300 caravan sites, as • Plan where you will go if you have to evacuate and how well as other homes and businesses that support the you will get there coastal tourist industry. • Know what to do to protect your property during a flood Of these static caravans, approximately 9,000 are • Identify neighbours who may need assistance or who may occupied for the majority of the year. The coast is a be able to provide assistance to you, in case of evacuation popular place for retirement and residents are less likely to have local family support and therefore can • Have supplies in your home that will enable you to cope be more reliant on social care. for up to three days if you are unable to evacuate • Sign up for flood warnings for the rivers or sea by phone, Lincolnshire also contributes a massive 20% of the text or email. To register call the Environment Agency’s UK’s food supplies through farming and agriculture. 24/7 Floodline 0345 988 1188 or visit https://www.gov. The salt contamination of agricultural land would uk/sign-up-for-flood-warnings have a significant impact on UK food supplies and invariably the prices paid by consumers. • Find out how to prepare for an emergency and download a flood plan here https://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/ Lastly, Lincolnshire’s coastline plays host to some lincolnshire-prepared/preparing-for-an-emergency/ of the North Sea gas and oil infrastructure. Flood Telephone 01522 782082 Lincolnshire County Council damage to these sites could have significant Highways team if you are experiencing flooding or want to economic impacts on the UK. report local flooding (at neighbours, on highway etc.)
Much has been done to protect the Lincolnshire coastline since the floods of 1953, particularly in WHAT ARE WE DOING IN LINCOLNSHIRE? the construction of flood defences. However, sea levels are rising, and because of the national and local impacts of a serious flood event, the risk is • Identification of the places and people who are at risk something which must be taken seriously. • Production of multi-agency plans to evacuate those communities who are at risk Lead Agency – The lead agency in Lincolnshire for coastal and river flooding is the Environment • Strategic planning to protect the areas at risk Agency. Lincolnshire County Council is the Lead • Development of ways and means of alerting the public as Local Flood Authority and lead agency for surface early as possible when there is a significant flood risk water flooding.
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE 11 Severe Weather
The Government assesses the risk from four main types of severe weather: • Storms and gales with damaging wind speeds and possible lightning • Low (sub-zero) temperatures and heavy snow for prolonged periods • Heatwaves with high temperatures lasting several weeks, harming peoples’ health CONSEQUENCES and • Fatalities and physical casualties, Heat waves may include additional • Drought as a result of a lack of rainfall over several years, particularly among vulnerable consequences: leading to water shortages groups (e.g. the elderly) • An increased number of • Damage to property, businesses admissions to hospital and and agricultural land consultations with GPs due IN LINCOLNSHIRE to sunburn, heat exhaustion, • Travel disruption respiratory problems and other The flat nature of Lincolnshire’s landscape and the widely spread population • Some evacuation of residents illnesses such as food poisoning mean that weather can have a greater impact on the county than other areas or employees of the country. Our reliance on the road network to go about our daily lives • Increased vehicle breakdowns due becomes evident when it is disrupted by severe weather events. • Damage to property and to overheating engines infrastructure, directly and via • Road surfaces deteriorating as There is nothing we can do at a local level to reduce the likelihood of severe land instability (e.g. landslides) weather events; however we can be prepared for these events in order to stay tarmac begins to melt safe and maintain essential services. • Disruption to essential services, particularly transport, energy and All of the above have a knock Lead Agency – The lead agency in Lincolnshire for severe weather events communications on consequence to individuals, will vary depending on the type and impacts of the weather but may include businesses and the ability for • Additional pressure on healthcare; Lincolnshire Police, Lincolnshire Fire & Rescue, Environment Agency, organisations to deliver essential and environmental damage Lincolnshire County Council and East Midlands Ambulance Service. functions to the community.
BACK TO 12 TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO? WHAT ARE WE DOING IN LINCOLNSHIRE?
• Listen to weather forecasts • Production of multi-agency plans to manage severe weather events and heed any warnings of • Consideration of weather forecasts prior to any large events in the county extreme weather • Receiving and distributing early notifications of severe weather • The Met Office provides a wide range of forecasts and warnings • Severe weather planning and response – local and central government to help you make informed work with infrastructure operators and emergency responders to develop decisions about your day to day response plans to deal with potential damage and restore utilities and activities. Visit www.metoffice. travel routes as quickly as possible gov.uk or download their app • Drought planning – water companies have a statutory duty to plan for • Plan any journeys or activities drought. Plans include a range of actions to manage the supply and with the weather in mind demand of water. The Environment Agency also has a framework which sets out how they work with government, water companies and others to • If you have to travel in manage water resources during a drought severe weather make sure you have adequate clothing • Emergency Drought Orders – legislative orders can be issued to restrict and emergency supplies in water usage if required your vehicle
The Met Office issues ‘Heat Health Watch’ alerts between 1 June and 15 September if temperatures are expected to rise significantly. Between 1 November and 31 March, ‘Cold Weather Alerts’ are issued to warn of particularly cold temperatures, and forecasted heavy snow or widespread ice.
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE 13 Widespread Electricity Failure – Loss of Critical Infrastructure
Critical Infrastructure is the name given to all of the different essential services which we rely on as part of modern society and the economy. The UK’s critical infrastructure is made up of electricity, water, gas, oil/fuel, transport, telecoms, food, health and financial services.
Many parts of the infrastructure but could cause significant electricity network are dependent on one disruption and, in extreme cases, a CONSEQUENCES another e.g. electricity is required at widespread loss of power. These failures water pumping stations, telecoms and could be local, regional or national. • Disruption to essential services • Homes could be without heating electricity are required to allow cash and activities and have limited ability to heat An electricity failure across entire food and water machines and cash registers to function • Endangerment of regions or the UK as a whole has not correctly. vulnerable people • Limited ability to keep food happened before. Were it to occur, cold or frozen impacts would be very severe, causing • Financial impact on businesses Widespread widespread disruption to many critical • No ability to get fuel from • Civil unrest Electricity Failure sectors and wider society in general. filling stations The National Grid has a recovery • Increased demand on • People unable to get cash Instances of electricity failure (also process called ‘Black Start’ to recover emergency services from cash machines or make referred to as power loss or blackout) the network from a total or partial • Travel disruptions card purchases can be caused by a number of things, shutdown. Based on current plans, such as severe weather (e.g. very Black Start recovery could take up • Disruption to businesses and • Telecommunications would strong winds, lightning and flooding) to five days with potential for some normal home life be limited (including which damage the distribution network. additional disruption beyond this • People exposed to poor mobile phones) Damage to the National Electricity timescale in the event of significant sanitation and lack of Transmission System is much more rare network damage. drinking water
BACK TO 14 TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 IN LINCOLNSHIRE Rural areas are often the last to be Lead Agency – The lead agency in reconnected when there is a disruption Lincolnshire for the loss of critical Because of our increasing reliance to utilities such as gas, water and infrastructure will be Lincolnshire on utilities such as electricity, water electricity. During a wide scale incident County Council which will work and gas for so many aspects of our people who live in the more rural areas with partners to identify vulnerable lives, even localised losses can have a of Lincolnshire may be affected for people and provide welfare to affected significant impact on those affected. longer than those in the larger towns. residents.
WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO? WHAT ARE WE DOING IN LINCOLNSHIRE?
• If you experience a power cut, you can call ‘105’ to • Work with the utility companies to manage supply report it and get further information interruptions • Keep an emergency kit in your home containing items • Production of multi-agency plans to manage long- such as a wind-up torch and supplies of tinned food term utilities outages and drinking water • Identification of vulnerable people who will need • Be on alert for bogus callers posing as utility special treatment in the event of a utilities outage company workers
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE 15 Fuel Shortages
All organisations rely to some extent on fuel, whether it is for getting staff to work, distributing products or providing services. The availability of fuel within the UK is generally very good; however there have been examples within recent years of brief disruptions to supply on both a regional and national basis.
A disruption could be caused by a number of factors, including scarcity of CONSEQUENCES supply, a technical problem with part of the fuel supply infrastructure, industrial • Public and commercial action or public protest. In the event filling stations exhausted of such a disruption to supply, it is also within 48 hours possible that stocks could be further • Inability to provide essential depleted through increased consumer services to vulnerable demand (panic buying). individuals In September 2000, blockades at key oil • Local and national distribution points caused nationwide economic impact fuel shortages for over a week. Threats of similar action in August 2005 led to panic buying which caused localised disruptions across the country.
The industrial action taken by Shell tanker drivers in June 2008 had a widespread effect on fuel distribution throughout the UK resulting in some filling stations running out of fuel.
BACK TO 16 TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 IN LINCOLNSHIRE The proportion of people travelling people, are reliant on adequate to work by car was 72.4% in 2011, fuel supplies. Lincolnshire is heavily dependent substantially above the national on roads and has very little mass figure (62.1%). Lead Agency – The lead agency in transit infrastructure. There is also a Lincolnshire for fuel shortages is lower than average take up of public Lincolnshire covers a huge geographical Lincolnshire Police in partnership transport. area. People and products travel with other organisations such many miles on a daily basis, with the as Lincolnshire County Council, Few of Lincolnshire’s population travel average distance travelled to work Lincolnshire Fire & Rescue and East to work by public transport (3.4% being 15.6km. Many essential services, Midlands Ambulance Service. compared with 13% in England). including the daily care of vulnerable
WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO? WHAT ARE WE DOING IN LINCOLNSHIRE?
• Maintain your vehicle so that it is as fuel efficient • Identification of filling stations for essential fuel users as possible such as emergency service vehicles linking to the national emergency plan for fuel • Minimise journeys during fuel shortages (essential journeys only) • Production of multi-agency plans to manage fair distribution of fuel to the public when it is in • Consider other means of conserving fuel, such as car- limited supply sharing, public transport, walking or cycling
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE 17 Malicious Threats
What’s the threat to the UK? The UK faces a serious and sustained threat from terrorism, including from international groups, domestic extremists and Northern Ireland-related groups. As of September 2017, the current UK threat level for international terrorism is ‘severe’. This means an attack is highly likely.
More information about threat levels can be found at www.mi5.gov.uk CONSEQUENCES
• Many of the networks and IN LINCOLNSHIRE individuals who pose a terrorist Although there is no direct and specific threat seek to harm large threat in Lincolnshire, we work with key numbers of people partner agencies and communities to • Some groups aspire to attack tackle extremism. infrastructure using both Lead Agency – The lead agency in traditional methods and Lincolnshire for malicious threats is alternatives such as cyber- Lincolnshire Police. attacks. Overall, any form of attack can potentially threaten life, property and community cohesion
BACK TO 18 TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO?
• The police service has released the short public information film called ‘Stay Safe: Firearms and Weapons Attack’ which sets out the key options for keeping safe should the worst happen. You can watch the film on the National Police Chiefs’ Council IN THE RARE EVENT OF YouTube account a firearms or weapons attack • CitizenAID is a free app suitable for all smart phones which provides clear and simple actions informing the general public RUN HIDE TELL on immediate actions in a shooting, stabbing or bomb incident and how to give life-saving first aid to the injured. Visit citizenaid.org • Report suspicious activity using the national reporting system on 0800 789 321 or by RUN to a place of safety. This is a far better option than using the online form at to surrender or negotiate. If there’s nowhere to go, then… www.gov.uk/ACT HIDE It’s better to hide than to confront. Remember to turn your phone to silent and turn off vibrate. Barricade yourself in if you can. Then finally and only when it is safe to do so… WHAT ARE WE DOING IN LINCOLNSHIRE? TELL the police by calling 999. • We work closely with local Counter Terrorism Security Advisors who provide training and guidance documents to help businesses and other organisations understand the terrorist threat, improve protective security and preparedness, spot signs of suspicious activity and take other appropriate actions
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE 19 Animal Diseases
Animal diseases are a threat in the UK because of the potential for some diseases to spread from animals to humans, or because they affect the animals we rely on for food, trade, or to maintain the ecosystem.
Examples of diseases which spread from Examples of animal diseases which animals to humans are: cannot spread to humans include: • Avian influenza spread by migratory • Foot and mouth spread by direct birds, movements of live poultry, and indirect contact and can be poultry meat or contaminated wind-borne vehicles/materials. Some strains can • Swine fever spread via movement cause diseases in humans of pigs or contaminated products. • West Nile virus spread by Classical swine fever has been mosquitoes and birds, which can recorded in the UK but African cause encephalitis or meningitis in swine fever has not humans (although 80% of those • Bluetongue spread between animals infected show no symptoms at all). by midges. Severely affects sheep It has never reached the UK while cattle may show fewer clinical • Rabies spread by bites/scratches signs. Vaccination has eradicated from infected animals can infect the Bluetongue virus from the UK but nervous system and is usually fatal livestock remains susceptible to once clinical signs appear. Rabies is new strains present at very low levels in some UK bat populations, but the risk to humans is very low
BACK TO 20 TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 HISTORY RISK IMPACTS Lincolnshire is the largest poultry producer in the UK and the fifth largest • Economic damage, particularly to In January to June 2017 there were a pig producer in England. (Source: 2006 the livestock industry and via lost total of 12 outbreaks of avian influenza. Defra Census) This comprised of: five outbreaks in trade, disruption to tourism and Lancashire, three in Lincolnshire, four rural communities Lead Agency – Animal and Plant outbreaks in Carmarthen, Norfolk, • Mass cull/disposal of Health Agency (APHA). Northumberland and Yorkshire; and animal carcasses one outbreak in Suffolk. • Loss of livelihoods for farmers and WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO? There have been three outbreaks of farm workers Foot and Mouth since 1968. • Register land you use to keep • Health risks to farm workers livestock https://www.gov.uk/ • 1981: 1 infected premise and 569 • Human fatalities and physical/ guidance/register-land-you-use- animals culled psychological casualties to-keep-livestock • 2001: 2030 infected premises and • If an outbreak is declared then 6.5 million animals culled CONSEQUENCES follow any guidance from the • 2007: 8 infected premises and 2260 government to protect your animals culled • Long term psychological health livestock and limit the spread impacts to farmers Bluetongue was first recorded in the • Vaccinate livestock UK in 2007, although has since been • Increased food costs where possible eradicated from the UK. to consumers • Knock-on effect on tourism and other service industries WHAT ARE WE DOING IN (e.g. catering) LINCOLNSHIRE? • Unrecoverable damage to • Production of multi-agency businesses plans for managing animal disease outbreaks IN LINCOLNSHIRE • Raising disease awareness amongst farmers and Any animal disease within Lincolnshire farm workers would have a huge impact on the agricultural economy as well as the overall economy of the county.
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE 21 Maritime Pollution
Shipping, especially tankers, presents the risk of oil or chemical pollution to the marine environment as a result of collision, grounding, sinking, structural failure, loss of cargo overboard, an accident during transfer of oil as cargo or fuel, or other marine accident. Offshore installations also present the risk of an oil spill from drilling, the production process, from loading/offloading operations, or the use of submarine pipelines.
IN LINCOLNSHIRE Lincolnshire is bordered by North and HISTORY North East Lincolnshire to the north; Lincolnshire’s 112 km coastline which is home to three major ports In January 2007 MSC Napoli, a encompasses many different (Hull, Immingham, and Grimsby) 900ft long UK container ship, was landscapes, including: and Norfolk in the south, which, like damaged by storm force winds in the English Channel and beached in Lyme • Internationally significant wildlife Humberside, is also home to offshore Bay, Devon. Oil spilled 5 miles, 103 habitats including a number of Sites oil fields. To the east of the county is containers from the ship fell into the of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) the North Sea, one of the busiest trade routes in the world with more than 600 sea and debris washed up onto the • Nature reserves vessels over 300 gross tonnes passing local shoreline. • A publicly accessible grey seal every day. Within the UK, 95% of trade In 1996 the tanker ‘Sea Empress’ breeding colony (between late in and out of the country is via the sea grounded on the approach to Milford October and late December) and fuels dominate this cargo. Haven resulting in 72,000 tonnes of • Popular seaside towns with Lincolnshire has a large number of crude oil being lost in the week-long economic importance (tourism) visitors to the coastal areas during salvage. 100km of coastline were affected including wildlife, fishing and • Many holiday and caravan parks the spring and summer months. A tourism. The clean-up operation took particularly along the East Lindsey significant oil pollution incident would almost five years with an estimated cost District coastline require a rapid and co-ordinated clean- up operation to ensure that damage to of £60 million. • RAF bombing ranges local wildlife and economy is minimised.
BACK TO 22 TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 RISK IMPACTS • Pollution of sea water • Pollution of the beaches and shoreline • Damage to SSSI site (the Wash) • Damage to wildlife and environment • Health risk to coastal residents and holidaymakers
CONSEQUENCES WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO? • Economic impact to agriculture and tourism economy • Co-operate with organisations during any clean-up operation • Closure of ports affecting • Avoid polluted areas; listen to advice and information on local news movement of passengers and radio stations and freight • If possible, volunteer time and resources to assist with the clean- • Unrecoverable damage to up operation coastal businesses • Do not scavenge any cargo that may be washed ashore as it could be • Large quantities of dangerous and is a criminal offence contaminated waste • Find more information at https://www.gov.uk/government/ • Closure of amenity beaches organisations/marine-management-organisation
Lead Agency – Maritime and Coastguard Agency. WHAT ARE WE DOING IN LINCOLNSHIRE?
• Production of multi-agency plans to effectively clean up any maritime pollution in order to minimise pollution and impacts on coastal communities
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS TOP RISKS IN LINCOLNSHIRE 23 Preparing for an Emergency
Some of the things you can do to prepare for the unexpected, such as making an emergency kit and developing a family emergency plan, are the same for both a natural or man-made emergency.
Knowing what to do during an emergency is an important part of being prepared and may make all the difference when seconds count.
What to do when an • Make sure 999 has been called if • Lock doors, close windows and emergency happens people are injured or if there is a air vents threat to life • Turn off fans, air conditioning and GO IN In a major emergency, if you are not • Do not put yourself or others forced air heating systems involved in the incident, but are close in danger by or believe you may be in danger, • Go into an interior room with few • Follow the advice of the the best advice is to go inside a safe windows, if possible emergency services building (turn off any air-conditioning • Emergency responders may not STAY IN or ventilation equipment), stay inside • Try to remain calm and think before immediately be able to provide until you are advised to do otherwise, acting, and try to reassure others information on what is happening and tune in to local radio or TV for Remember: Go In, Stay In, Tune In. and what you should do. However, information. you should watch TV, listen to the radio or check the Internet often for TUNE IN AT HOME official news and instructions as • Bring your family and pets inside they become available
BACK TO 24 PREPARING FOR AN EMERGENCY CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 LEARN HOW AND WHEN TO • Lock the door behind you TURN OFF UTILITIES • Take your pets with you • Locate the electric, gas and water shut-off valves COMMUNITIES/ • Keep necessary tools near gas and NEIGHBOURHOODS water shut-off valves A community working together during • Teach family members how to turn an emergency makes sense. off utilities • Talk to your neighbours about how • If you turn the gas off, a you can work together during an professional must turn it back on. emergency Do not attempt to do this yourself. • Find out if anyone has specialised Please contact your utility provider equipment like a power generator, for help and guidance or expertise such as medical knowledge, that might help CREATE AN EVACUATION PLAN in a crisis • Plan places where your family will • Decide who will check on any meet, both within and outside your vulnerable neighbours immediate neighbourhood • Consider preparing a Community • If you have a car, keep a half tank Emergency Plan, see of fuel in it at all times in case you https://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/ need to evacuate lincolnshire-prepared/preparing-for- • Become familiar with alternative an-emergency/ routes and other means of getting out of your area • If you do not have a car, plan how you will leave if you have to • Take your emergency kit unless you have reason to believe it has been contaminated
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS PREPARING FOR AN EMERGENCY 25 GET READY – GET A KIT • Pet care items • Can opener for canned food
When preparing for a possible • Important family documents such • Pet medications and medical records emergency situation, it is best to think as copies of insurance policies, in a waterproof container passports, National Insurance first about the basics of survival: fresh • Sturdy leashes, harnesses and/ numbers, NHS numbers and bank water, food, clean air and warmth. or carriers so you can move your account records in a waterproof pets safely and they can’t escape Recommended items to include in a container (remember they may be scared and basic emergency kit are: • Cash may act differently from usual) • Water for drinking and sanitation • Sleeping bag or warm blanket for • Current photos of your pet in case • At least three days’ supply of non- each person; consider additional they get lost perishable food bedding during winter • The name of your vet • Battery-powered radio and extra • Complete change of clothing • Pet beds and toys, if there is room batteries or wind-up radio including a long-sleeved top, • All your pets should have an • Torch and extra batteries (or trousers and sturdy shoes; consider identification tag and collar, too wind-up type) additional clothing during winter • First aid kit • Water purification tablets • Whistle to signal for help • Feminine supplies and personal hygiene items • Wet wipes, rubbish/bin bags and plastic ties for personal hygiene • Paper cups, plates and plastic utensils, paper towels • Wrench or pliers to turn off utilities • Paper and pencil • Tin opener for food (if kit contains tinned food) • Books, games, puzzles or other activities for children
ADDITIONAL ITEMS TO CONSIDER ADDING TO AN MAKE A KIT FOR YOUR PETS EMERGENCY KIT Your pet emergency kit should include: • Prescription medications and glasses • Pet food and treats • Infant formula milk, disposable • Drinkable water in plastic bottles nappies and nappy sacks
BACK TO 26 PREPARING FOR AN EMERGENCY CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 How can Your Local Community be Prepared?
Resilient communities can adapt and community contacts and resources these occasions a well-coordinated forming a community emergency team function using local resources and available to them during times of crisis. community response can provide the through to response and recovery. expertise to help themselves and others support it requires until the emergency in an emergency, complementing services arrive and then work with For more information on the WHY HAVE A COMMUNITY Lincolnshire Resilience Forum’s Resilient the response of other agencies. In EMERGENCY PLAN them throughout the recovery of the Lincolnshire, the Resilient Communities community. Working together saves Communities Programme email: Programme aims to encourage A community emergency plan provides livelihoods and the environment. [email protected] or communities to work together using a framework on which a community contact 01522 582220 simple community-based emergency can build a plan to respond to HOW TO GET STARTED plans which identify local risks, key emergencies. Experience has shown that sometimes Becoming a resilient community isn’t
due to the hard; all communities naturally come Engagement and scale and/or together in times of crisis however Recruitment nature of the being coordinated from a centralised
emergency point does make a significant difference Information Gathering and the normal especially when trying to find out what Recovery Plan Creation/ response has happened, when it happened and WORKING Review TOGETHER provided by who and what has been affected. SAVES the emergency LIVES services and Within the Resilient Communities framework, a staged programme has local authority Exercising Response can become been developed to guide communities and Applied Training and Learning Upskilling delayed. On through the entire process from
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS YOUR LOCAL COMMUNITY 27 How can Your Business be Prepared?
If you own or are responsible for a BUSINESS CONTINUITY 5 STEPS TO EFFECTIVE BUSINESS responses to the main risks business or organisation, do you know MANAGEMENT CONTINUITY (Loss of People; Premise; ICT; how your organisation would cope Utilities; Specialist Equipment; 1. Analysis (Understand with a disruption such as: Business Continuity Management is the Key Suppliers), Key Contacts your business) process through which organisations and your Recovery to • A sudden and significant aim to continue the delivery of their key What parts of the business are ‘business as usual’ reduction in staff products/services during a disruption, critical (what priority would you 4. Validation • Denial of access to a site or then return to business as usual. Many allocate to restoring functions if geographical area businesses do not recover from a they fail)? Test and exercise your BC Plan. significant disruption without adequate Why not run an exercise? Ensure • Unexpected loss of mains electricity What risks does your business plans so BC can assure their survival. face (internal and external)? that you incorporate any learning or gas supplies points into your BCP from What can you put in place to • A disruption to the supply of mains Organisations should consider a exercises and real-life incidents reduce the likelihood of the risks water and sewerage wide range of potential disruptive challenges, both internal, for example and/or the impact of them? 5. Embedding Business Continuity • Significant disruption to transport disruption to computer systems, 2. Design Ensure you produce a and external, for example severe continual cycle of review and • Disruption to fuel supply What will BC look like in your weather. The community risk register improvement, as well as training organisation? • A loss of telecommunications provides Lincolnshire businesses with to encourage a culture of What is the risk appetite? • A loss of or disruption to your information on the likelihood and resilience within your business computer systems potential impact of a range of different 3. Implementation For further guidance and information risks, in order to assist their own risk • A disruption which affects your key What contingencies and please see https://www.lincolnshire. management and business continuity suppliers/partners resources will be used? gov.uk/lincolnshire-prepared/ management arrangements. Produce a BC Plan summarising Does your organisation have adequate Roles & Responsibilities, measures in place?
BACK TO 28 YOUR BUSINESS CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 Warning and Informing
‘Public Awareness’ and ‘Warning and Informing’ are legal duties for emergency responders. This involves advising communities of potential risks before an emergency happens and maintaining arrangements to warn and continue to keep the public informed in the event of an emergency.
WHY WARN AND INFORM? MULTI-AGENCY MESSAGE then information, advice and guidance • Announcements in public during and after the incident. spaces (for example in shopping A well informed public is better For clear and coordinated messaging centres, sports venues and prepared to respond to an emergency organisations that make up WARNING METHODS transport systems) and to minimise the impact of the Lincolnshire’s Resilience Forum work • Leaflets and posters emergency on the community. It is together to produce one single message The methods available to deliver important that the information about for the public and deliver it collectively information to members of the public risks is seen as helpful knowledge through a variety of media channels. are extremely varied. WORKING WITH THE MEDIA and that it is not meant to cause The communications approach to warn unnecessary alarm. and inform the public is a key part of Some warning methods include: Lincolnshire’s Resilience Forum works closely with the media especially BBC our emergency planning. • Media announcements via radio, Radio Lincolnshire which, during an television and social media incident, operates within the multi- WHAT INFORMATION IS NEEDED • Social media advertising to a agency control room to broadcast AND WHEN? target audience timely and accurate emergency In an emergency we must think • Website information information out to the public across carefully about what information the county. This is essential to assist in different audiences will need and • Mobilising emergency services to go the emergency response by giving out when. It is important to consider for out on foot and knock on doors factual information which will help the example that not everybody will have • Automated telephone messages to public to help themselves. internet access or be able to understand subscribers (such as flood warnings) messages only given out in English. The • Public meetings timing of information is also critical. People need to be given warning, • Electronic message boards (similar where possible, before an incident and to those used on motorways)
BACK TO Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021 CONTENTS WARNING AND INFORMING 29 Want to know more?
The Community Risk Register is • North Kesteven District Council Reference to produced by Lincolnshire’s Resilience • Public Health England other documents Forum and is contributed to by the • South Holland District Council following agencies: The following resources have been • South Kesteven District Council • Anglian Water useful in compiling this document: • West Lindsey District Council • Animal & Plant Health Agency • National Risk Register of Civil • Western Power Distribution • Armed Forces Emergencies 2017 Edition (Cabinet • Voluntary Groups Office) https://www.gov.uk/ • Boston Borough Council government/publications/national- • City Of Lincoln Council Contact Us risk-register-of-civil-emergencies- • DEFRA – Animal Health 2017-edition For any enquiries regarding the • East Lindsey District Council • National Security Strategy & individual risk assessments or any Strategic Defence Security Review • East Midlands Ambulance Service aspect of the work of Lincolnshire’s 2015 (HM Government) https:// Resilience Forum please contact us on: • Environment Agency www.gov.uk/government/ • Health & Safety Executive [email protected] publications/national-security- 01522 582220 • Highways Agency strategy-and-strategic-defence-and- security-review-2015 • Internal Drainage Boards Or write to us at: Lincolnshire County Council • Various documents produced by • Lincolnshire County Council Emergency Planning & Business Lincolnshire Research Observatory • Lincolnshire Fire & Rescue Continuity Service www.research-lincs.org.uk County Emergency Centre • Lincolnshire Police • Census (2011) https://www.ons. South Park Avenue • Maritime Coastguard Agency gov.uk/census/2011census Lincoln LN5 8EL • Ministry of Housing, Communities • Civil Contingencies Act (2004) We will respond to all enquiries as early & Local Government (MHCLG) http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ as possible and usually within 28 days. ukpga/2004/36/contents • NHS Lincolnshire Specific risk enquiries will be forwarded • Neighbouring local authorities to the lead agency for that risk.
BACK TO 30 WANT TO KNOW MORE CONTENTS Community Risk Register for Lincolnshire 2018 – 2021
Lincolnshire’s Resilience Forum