FACES AND PLACES

celebration CERN honours Schopper at 85

On 15 September CERN hosted a symposium (and himself a particle physicist), and Juan to mark the 85th birthday of Herwig Schopper, Antonio Rubio, director-general of CIEMAT who was director-general in the years in Spain, evoked memories of Schopper’s 1981–1988. During the event colleagues essential part in the development of recalled his long scientific career in nuclear particle physics on the Iberian Peninsula and particle physics and looked back at and elsewhere in Europe. Schopper’s vision other areas of science to which he has made paved the way for Portugal to become CERN’s decisive contributions and in which he fourteenth member state in 1986. His pivotal continues to retain an ardent interest. role in Spain’s re-accession to CERN in Schopper’s role in world science is 1983 is also much acknowledged. Thanks to considerable and diverse: in frontier fields CERN in general, and Schopper in particular, such as nuclear and particle physics both Portugal and Spain now have a highly as well as other areas of advanced developed scientific and technical level in scientific research; in the promotion of particle physics and contribute significantly international scientific co-operation; and to CERN’s physics programmes. Their in the advancement of peace through involvement with CERN and particle physics scientific endeavour, to name just a few has also benefited these countries in areas examples. He served as director of DESY, that reach beyond particle physics. director-general of CERN and president of the Herwig Schopper speaks at the symposium held in Costas Papanicolas of the Cyprus SESAME Council. His leadership resulted in his honour at CERN. Institute and Khalid Toukan of SESAME both remarkable contributions towards the many spoke about an issue that Schopper has achievements of these laboratories, most trip back in time to recall the pioneering work dedicated himself to in recent years – the notably characterized by the successful in the 1950s on parity violation. Schopper’s establishment of research centres in the construction of the Large Electron–Positron contributions were highlighted by his work eastern-Mediterranean region and the Middle (LEP) collider at CERN (p23). on the circular polarization of gamma rays East. Schopper has left his signature on the Samuel Ting, recipient of the 1976 as further evidence of parity violation. He Cyprus Institute – whose activities include Nobel Prize in Physics and spokesperson continued these studies unabatedly, working research on the environment, energy and of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on circular polarization of external and water – by being one of the organization’s collaboration, opened the symposium with internal bremsstrahlung as well as on electron founding fathers, and he continues to show an overview of Schopper’s contributions to and positron emitters throughout the 1960s. much interest in the advancement of science nuclear and particle physics. He reminded Moving beyond CERN, Albrecht Wagner, in Cyprus. He is also a committed leader and the audience of experiments from the former director of DESY, recalled Schopper’s supporter of the international SESAME centre, 1950s through to the 1970s, including time at DESY in the 1970s and also looked to which will produce X-rays that can be used important contributions to the study of the the future. Schopper oversaw the construction in a range of experiments from condensed structure of the proton and neutron through of the electron–positron collider PETRA in matter to biology; he was president of the electron-scattering experiments. Schopper’s the period 1976–1978. PETRA turned DESY Council of SESAME from 1999 to 2008. The part in the development of innovative into a truly international high-energy physics success of the SESAME project would not detector technologies, which continue laboratory and experiments there went on to have been possible without his dedication to remain in use in high-energy physics do seminal work in particle physics with the to it. His efforts have been a guiding force in experiments, includes the development discovery and study of the gluon. Schopper’s bringing nations together through science in of the hadron-calorimetry technique to initiative also led to the construction of the these regions of the world. measure energy in neutron–proton and ARGUS experiment at DORIS. By establishing The symposium was also dedicated to neutron–nuclei scattering experiments. Ting HASYLAB at DORIS, DESY branched out into Schopper’s wife Ingeborg, who passed away also recalled Schopper’s significant role in the synchrotron science to satisfy the needs of on 14 September. CERN’s director-general, approval and construction of LEP – two major its growing user community. With such strong Rolf Heuer, led the audience in a moment of milestones in the history of CERN – as well foundations, DESY now has highly attractive silence in her honour. as his important role on the AMS experiment, opportunities for future research in photon ●● The presentations and a recording of serving as senior adviser and proposing new science, particle physics and astrophysics. the symposium are available at http:// detector techniques. Mariano Gago, minister for science, indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay. Cecilia Jarlskog of Lund University took a technology and higher education of Portugal py?confId=66622.

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appointment Cambridge particle physicist is to be next director of ICTP

Fernando Quevedo of Cambridge University Institut de Physique in Neuchatel and the has been appointed as the new director of Los Alamos National Laboratory, as well as the Abdus Salam International Centre for a brief term as professor of physics at the Theoretical Physics (ICTP). He will succeed Mexican National Autonomous University Katepalli Sreenivasan, who has led the (UNAM), he joined the department of applied institute since 2003 and will now be returning mathematics and theoretical physics at the to the US to pursue his interests in research University of Cambridge in 1998. and teaching. A Guatemalan national, Quevedo has Quevedo is a well known theoretical received honorary doctorates from the particle physicist with wide-ranging research Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and the interests in string-theory phenomenology Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala and cosmology. He was awarded the 1998 and is the founder and co-ordinator of ICTP prize in recognition of his important the International Network of Guatemalan contributions to superstring theory. Scientists. Born in Costa Rica, Quevedo received his The choice of Quevedo as the next director early education in Guatemala. He obtained is in keeping with the spirit of ICTP – founded his PhD from the University of Texas at Austin in 1964 by Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam – in 1986 under the supervision of Steven which is to do first-rate research while acting Weinberg. Following research appointments as the anchor for scientific capacity building Fernando Quevedo is to take the helm as the new at CERN, McGill University in Canada, the in developing countries. director at the ICTP in Trieste. (Courtesy ICTP.)

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CERN USERS The Users’ Office: 20 years and going strong

Twenty years ago, the same issue of CERN six multilingual staff to handle day-to-day Courier that reported on the first collisions operations – no more, in fact, than when in the Large Electron–Positron (LEP) collider it started in 1989. Users’ registrations are also contained a short article on another new limited to a maximum of two years, so with venture at CERN (CERN Courier September 10 000 users the team handles approximately 1989 p24): in July 1989 an office was created 100 renewals and new registrations to assist the growing number of “users” – the every week, as well as many requests for visiting physicists, engineers, technicians and information and help from users and the students who come to CERN to work on the experiment’s secretariats. During peak broad range of projects and collaborations. periods such as July, when many students With the start-up of LEP, the expansive trend coming to CERN on the Summer Student was clearly set to continue. Programme are registered as users, it is not Since then the LHC experiments in particular uncommon to see long queues stretching out have brought still further additions to the family Chris Onions (right), the current head of the Users’ from the office. of users, the total rising from 4500 to nearly Office, with Bryan Pattison, who was the first In September, the office celebrated its 10 000 during the past 20 years. What’s more, manager back in 1989, outside the office in its 20-year anniversary with a drink offered these users now come from a broader range current location in building 61. to its various representatives of the user of countries, with large representations from community, CERN management and staff Russia and the US in particular. The office must for users to spend a day or more wandering members from the services with which the help all of these users with any difficulties on round CERN in search of the necessary office is involved. These days, the office a site that spans two countries, such as with documentation and information to make their could not handle the needs of the many users their individual requirements for visas. As the stay official. without liaising with other services to provide CERN community has changed, so too have While the office has undergone various a professional “welcoming” process at CERN. the surrounding nations, with the expansion of changes throughout its lifetime it has ●● CERN users can find all that they need to the EU and the introduction of the Schengen persisted in being a welcoming bridge to know before coming to CERN at the Users’ agreement on border controls. Before the help settle the thousands of visitors from Office website: http://ph-dep-usersoffice. inception of the Users’ Office, it was common all around the world. It currently employs web.cern.ch/ph-dep-UsersOffice/.

Construction starts on new office space With the LHC about to re-start, the new collider is continuing to attract more and more researchers, most of whom will come to CERN for some period. To ensure that the laboratory can cope with this influx, work has begun on a new block of offices. Building 42 will provide 300 additional workstations for researchers analysing LHC data, in addition to the 800 already available in the adjoining Building 40. With this building, CERN has gone “green". It will be more environmentally An illustration of Building 42 – with its grass roof friendly than the older buildings, equipped – with the larger, existing Building 40 behind. with features such as a grass roof, enhanced Ceremony for the laying of the foundation stone insulation and automatic sun blinds. the Swiss Confederation, the Geneva State of Building 42. From left to right: architect The foundation stone was laid for the new Council and the Fondation des immeubles Jacques Perret, CERN’s director-general Rolf building in a ceremony on 9 September in pour les organisations internationales Heuer, Geneva state councillor in charge of the the presence of officials representing the (FIPOI). The Swiss Confederation supported Institutions Department, Laurent Moutinot, Geneva State Council and the local Swiss CERN’s loan application to finance the Swiss state secretary for education and community of Meyrin. At the ceremony, CERN construction of Building 42 via (FIPOI) and research, Mauro Dell’Ambrogio, and mayor of director-general, Rolf Heuer, warmly thanked the Canton of Geneva provided the land. Meyrin, Roland Sansonnen.

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LHC outreach Institutes in Kolkata put on an LHC carnival

The start-up of the LHC in September 2008, preceded by media hype about the impending disaster of black holes “gobbling up” everything, made the LHC a glamorous and exciting phenomenon in contemporary science. It fuelled the curiosity of people from all sections of society, in India, as in many other parts of the world. Triggered by this explosion of popular interest, the Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC) and the neighbouring Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP) organized an LHC outreach programme earlier this year. On “Science day”, about a thousand excited and enthusiastic young students from high schools and graduate-degree courses from all over the state of West Bengal came to participate in “Understanding the Enthusiastic students at the exhibition hall at the LHC outreach event. (Courtesy Tapan Nayak.) universe through the Large Hadron Collider”. The main hall of the auditorium could not and Jan-e Alam then elaborated on the given by Dinesh Srivastava. The outreach accommodate all of the young visitors, so a astrophysics and cosmology of quark-gluon programme also included an exhibition video telecast was arranged outside the hall. plasma. Tapan Nayak gave a lively featuring scale models and posters. Premomoy Ghosh started the programme video presentation that explained the The visiting students said that they felt as with an introduction, followed by a simple experiments at LHC. To conclude the event, though they had been physically transported pedagogical presentation by Bikash Sinha, Abhee Kanti Dutta-Majumdar anchored a to CERN, and the excitement was obvious on who explained the magic of little bangs and question-and-answer session, which was their faces. It had been an overwhelmingly the big bang. Pijushpani Bhattacharjee a huge success, and a vote of thanks was successful science carnival.

commemoration Milan dedicates square to Giuseppe Occhialini Giuseppe Occhialini, known as “Beppo” to his friends and to the older generation of physicists, spent more than half of his life A view of the square now named after Occhialini, together with the nameplate. (Courtesy Guido Vegni.) as a scientist living in Milan. To honour and remember his presence, the physicists of the Letizia Moratti, came during the symposium The square is located 100 m from the old physics department of the Università Statale on “Highlights in today’s physics”, which Physics Institute where, in the basement, di Milano took the initiative to ask the town was held in Milan in 2007 to celebrate the Occhialini had established his Nuclear authorities to give Beppo’s name to a square centenary of Occhialini’s birth. Emulsion Laboratory when he arrived in Milan located in the Città degli Studi. The proposal The official inauguration of the square finally in 1952. It is also within walking distance of was promptly seconded by the physics took place on 22 June 2009, in the presence the new physics department where he worked department of the Università Statale Della of the rector of the Università Statale, Enrico up to his retirement in 1983. Bicocca, the Milanese university established Decleva, together with authorities from the ●● For more about Occhialini’s life and work, 10 years ago, where the physics department is university and the town. Also present were see The Scientific Legacy of Beppo Occhialini, named after Occhialini. many of Beppo’s friends, physicists and P Redondi et al. (eds) Springer 2007 (CERN The approval from the mayor of Milan, non-physicists, and his daughter, Etra. Courier May 2007 p49).

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9OURå0ARTNERåFOR

6ACUUMå4ECHNOLOGY visits

0).+@Så5(6åCHAMBERSåAREåWELLåKNOWNåINå Ömer Dinçer, Turkish minister of RESEARCHåANDåMEDICALåSCIENCEå4HEåWIDEå labour and social security, right, PRODUCTåRANGEåCOVERSåFORåEXAMPLEåMAGNET was welcomed to CERN on 9 June CHAMBERSåDIPOLE åQUADRUPOLåANDåSEXTUPOL by director-general, Rolf Heuer DIAGNOSISåBOXES åDIAGNOSISåELEMENTSåASå (seen here demonstrating a gift WELLåASå)( STRUCTURES of CERN’s special temperature- sensitive coffee mug that illustrates the history of the universe). The minister also toured the ATLAS underground experimental area and spoke to Turkish scientists at CERN in the ATLAS 3D visitor centre.

3WITCHINGåMIRRORåUNITåFORå 5(6åCHAMBERåWITH Prince Albert II THEåSELECTIVEåDEmECTION LARGEåROTARYåFEEDTHROUGH of Monaco came OFåSYNCHROTRONåRADIATION $.åå#/& to CERN on 2 September )NTERDIGITALå( lELDå STRUCTURE åUSEDåINåTHE and visited the ,).!#åSECTIONåOF CMS experiment. TUMORåTHERAPYå Although it was ACCELERATORS closed for testing at the time, the prince was able to see the scale of the detector and learn about the electromagnetic calorimeter. He also toured the CERN Control Centre.

0).+å'MB( 6AKUUMTECHNIK !Må+ESSLERåå å7ERTHEIM 'ERMANYå 4å å åååå  &å å åååå å INFO PINKDEå WWWPINKDE On 4 September, Danilo Türk, president of the Republic of Slovenia, left, visited CERN. He toured the ATLAS experiment with Rolf Heuer, centre, and Fabiola Gianotti, ATLAS spokesperson. He also saw the ATLAS visitor centre and met Slovenian scientists at CERN. 6ACUUMå4ECHNOLOGY

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anniversary Russian Federation sets off celebrations of the centenary of Nikolai Bogoliubov’s birth

The 2009 International Bogoliubov and non-perturbative physics in quantum Conference on Problems of Theoretical chromodynamics; and the Nuclotron-based and Mathematical Physics was one of the Ion Collider Facility and prospects for major events in the Russian Federation (RF) research with heavy-ion collisions at to celebrate the centenary of the birth of JINR. Parallel sessions were held on the the Russian physicist Nikolai Nikolaevich topics to which Bogoliubov made decisive Bogoliubov (1909–1992). The conference, contributions, and which continue to form the which takes place every five years, was held basis of modern fundamental mathematics, this year on 21–27 August at the Russian mechanics and theoretical physics: Academy of Sciences (RAS) in Moscow and at mathematics and nonlinear mechanics; JINR in Dubna and organized by the RAS, JINR The bronze Bogoliubov memorial plaque unveiled quantum-field theory and elementary particle and the Moscow Lomonosov State University at the JINR Laboratory of Theoretical Physics. theory; statistical mechanics, kinetics and (MSU). It was also sponsored by the Russian From left to right: Dmitri Shirkov, Mikhail quantum theory of condensed state of matter; Foundation for Basic Research, the RF’s Bogoliubov and Alexei Sissakian. (Courtesy JINR.) and nuclear physics. Federal Agency for Science and Innovation, The conference concluded in Dubna on the Dynasty Foundation and the JINR joint statistical mechanics, new approaches in 27 August with the awarding of the prize for scientific programmes Heisenberg–Landau, complex analysis, searches for new physics the best reports in mathematics and physics Votruba–Blokhintsev and Bogoliubov–Infeld. at the LHC, problems in modern cosmology among the young scientists (up to age 35). Special attractions included a large photo and form factors in pion physics. During the The winners in physics were V Katkov of JINR, exhibition in both Moscow and Dubna, day, participants paid tribute at Bogoliubov’s for the report “Peculiarities of field emission showing different periods of Bogoliubov’s tomb in Moscow’s Novodevichy cemetery for carbon nanosheets”, and A Bagrov life and scientific career; a presentation of and placed flowers. The day ended with of the RAS Institute of Mathematics, for the 12-volume collection of Bogoliubov’s the screening of a new documentary about the report “Critical formation of covered scientific works from 2005 to 2009 published Bogoliubov. The second day followed with surfaces in collisions of nonextending shock by the RAS/Nauka; and a new series of more plenary talks, covering aspects of string gravitational waves in the de Sitter space”. brochures in which well known physicists theory, mathematical modelling of reactor In mathematics the prize was awarded to share their recollections about “Bogoliubov processes, charged-particle dynamics, the A Pechen of Princeton University for the the teacher”. An exhibition of his papers and Bogoliubov hierarchy, Navier-Stokes systems report “Dynamics and control of open books by and about him was also organized at and N=4 supersymmetry. quantum systems”. The awarding of the the JINR library. The conference continued in Dubna on Bogoliubov Prize 2006–2008 for young Around 300 physicists and mathematicians 24–27 August at the Bogoliubov Laboratory scientists (up to age 33) also took place; the from leading scientific centres in 30 countries of Theoretical Physics. The Dubna session winner was I Ivanov of the RAS Institute of attended the conference. They included began with a talk by JINR’s Director, Alexei Mathematics, for the cycle of papers “A new scientists of the older generation who were Sissakian, titled, “Bogoliubov – Teacher and approach in the general two-doublet Higgs pupils and colleagues of Bogoliubov, as Master.” Afterwards, a plaque dedicated to model”. well as young people who have only recently the great scientist’s memory was unveiled The centenary celebrations continued in started their careers in mathematics and on the laboratory wall. Plenary sessions Kiev with a conference at the Bogoliubov physics. More than 160 reports were then commenced with the awarding of the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the National presented, dealing with modern problems N N Bogoliubov Prize for 2006–2008 to Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine on in mathematics, nonlinear mechanics, Dmitri Shirkov, one of his closest co-workers, 15–18 September. A general meeting of the quantum-field theory, elementary particle and Boris Paton, president of the National NAS, which was dedicated to the centenary, theory, statistical physics and kinetics. Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (CERN followed on 21 September. Festive events The conference opened on 21 August – Courier September 2009 p31). are also to be held in Nizhny Novgorod and the exact centenary of Bogoliubov’s birth Plenary talks by speakers from several Sarov, at the All-Russian Scientific Research – in the presidential hall of the RAS, where countries covered a range of topics in particle Institute of Experimental Physics, and a Joint Valery Kozlov, vice president of the RAS, and nuclear physics including: new trends Festive Meeting of the RAS Presidium, the welcomed the participants. The first day in quantum-field theory; physics at the LHC; JINR Scientific Council and the MSU Scientific included plenary talks on non-equilibrium neutrino physics and astrophysics; duality Council will be held in October.

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IPAC Accelerator conferences go international

In 2007 the European Particle Accelerator from the rest of the world. Particular care Conference (EPAC) and its older sister is being taken to ensure that the scientific the North American Particle Accelerator programme covers accelerator developments Conference (PAC), both on a two-year cycle, worldwide, catering for participants from all agreed to join the Asian Particle Accelerator geographic and scientific horizons. Conference (APAC), on a three-year cycle This move to a truly international event, (CERN Courier November 2007 p29). The as much in the style of organization as in International Particle Accelerator Conference the scientific programme, means the new series (IPAC) will in future move between Asia, series is eligible for sponsorship by the Europe and North America, intermeshed with International Union of Pure and Applied a North American PAC in odd years. Physics, an international governmental Preparations for the first conference in the organization founded in 1922 to stimulate new series are now in full swing. IPAC ’10 will and facilitate international co-operation in take place in Kyoto, Japan, on 23–28 May physics and the worldwide development of 2011. It will be followed by IPAC ’11 in science. The world is growing smaller and San Sebastian, Spain, on 5–9 September accelerator projects are increasingly more 2011, and IPAC ’12 in New Orleans, US, on diversified and global. Cheaper international 20–26 May 2012. travel will most likely result in a larger While the scientific programme of proportion of international participants at IPAC ’10 will resemble earlier APAC and future conferences and IPAC is gearing up to EPAC events – with three half-day plenary meet the challenge of making future events sessions, a maximum of two sessions in even more productive and exciting than the parallel the rest of the time, and poster former regional ones. sessions completely de-coupled from the organizing committee of IPAC ’10 and also ●● For more about IPAC ’10, see www.ipac10. oral sessions – the organization is taking that of IPAC ’11, which has just started work, org, and for news on related events, see www. on a far more international flavour. The are composed 50% from the region and 50% jacow.or g /.

celebration Alexei Onuchin reaches milestone 75th birthday

One of the pioneers of colliding-beam constructed a drift chamber using "cold" experiments, Alexei Onuchin, celebrated his dimethyl-ether gas providing 100 μm 75th birthday on 3 October. resolution. Onuchin is also one of the leaders Onuchin has spent his scientific career of the Novosibirsk group in the BaBar at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics experiment at SLAC. (BINP), which he joined in 1959. He was His long-standing love for Cherenkov one of the leaders of the experiment at the counters is well known. Starting with VEPP-2 e+e– collider – working at an energy pioneering water threshold counters in 1.18–1.34 GeV in 1970 – that discovered the experiment at VEPP–2, Onuchin later multihadron production (simul­taneously with developed the MD–1 Cherenkov counters Frascati), one of the first indications of the filled with ethylene pressurized to 25 bars existence of light quarks. He later became and suggested the aerogel counters with leader of the MD–1 experiment at the VEPP–4 wavelength shifters (ASHIPH) that are now e+e– collider operating in the γ resonance operating in KEDR. energy range in the years 1980–1985. One He is currently working on the development of its well known results is the measurement Alexei Onuchin. (Courtesy BINP.) of a novel focusing aerogel-ring imaging of the cutoff of large impact parameters in Cherenkov detector. For his many years bremsstrahlung (the MD effect). suggested, tested and constructed a of work in this field, Onuchin received the A founding father of the KEDR detector at 30 tonne liquid-krypton calorimeter, together Cherenkov prize of the Russian Academy of the upgraded VEPP–4M collider, Onuchin with younger colleagues. His group also Sciences in 2008.

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obituaries Hector Rubinstein 1933–2009

Hector Rubinstein, professor emeritus at would eventually revolutionize the way that Uppsala University, guest researcher and physicists would publish their results, he doctor honoris causa at Stockholm University, played an important role in the foundation passed away on 8 August in his summer of the Journal of High Energy Physics in house in the Stockholm archipelago. 1997, the first in a series of J-journals that Hector Rubinstein was born in Argentina earned excellent reputations under Hector’s and left for the US in the 1950s to study guidance. This is most recently illustrated physics. After gaining his PhD at Columbia by the publication of a complete scientific University he moved to Paris for a documentation of the LHC machine and post-doctoral position, later taking a faculty detectors in the Journal of Instrumentation. position at the Weizmann Institute in Israel. Apart from particle astrophysics, Hector’s In his early work, Hector studied the later work focused on cosmology, in particular mathematical theory for strong interactions, the role of magnetic fields in the early SU(3), which had just been developed by universe. His last paper, written with Vittoria Murray Gell-Mann, later to become known Hector Rubinstein. (Courtesy A Goobar.) Demozzi and Slava Mukhanov only weeks as the quark model. Later, during a stay at before his death, addressed the question of the Rutherford Laboratory in the UK at the research group at Weizmann. whether primordial magnetic fields could be beginning of the 1980s, he developed a set From the early 1970s Hector maintained produced in inflation. of new field-theoretical methods, i.e. sum scientific contacts in Scandinavia (his wife Hector remained active after his formal rules that could be used to calculate particle is Swedish), which led to his emigration to retirement in 2000. In addition to his masses and interactions in QCD, writing Sweden in 1984 and his appointment as research and journals work, he became a well a highly cited review on this subject with professor at Uppsala University. Owing to respected mentor, always willing to give his L J Reinders and S Yazaki in 1985. his scientific reputation and his personal advice to young researchers and graduate While at the Weizmann Institute, charisma, he became influential in the students. He had a great sense of humour Hector attracted a number of brilliant development of particle astrophysics and and broad interests and, with his seemingly students, among them Gabriele Veneziano, string theory in Sweden. Never shying away infinite stock of anecdotes, talking with him Florian Scheck and Miguel Virasoro. The from controversy or pointing out incongruities, was not only worthwhile but also great fun. experimentally established correlations he also made important contributions to the He is survived by his wife Helen and his in strong interactions led to the Veneziano public debate about the quality of physics three children and five grandchildren. He will model (or dual-resonance model), which was research in Sweden. be sorely missed. later reinterpreted by Holger Bech-Nielsen In later years, Hector made a significant L Bergström, J Conrad, A Goobar, P O Hulth, and Yoichiro Nambu as a model for strings. mark on the scientific publication process. E Mörtsell, Stockholm University and In a sense, string theory was born in Hector’s After realizing early on that the internet U Danielsson, Uppsala University. Giovanni Raciti 1949–2009

Giovanni Raciti, full professor of physics Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL) at the University of Catania, passed away in Caen and at Saclay. on 19 August 2009 after almost a year of a He was among the founders of the ALADiN strong and patient fight against his illness. experiment at the SIS synchrotron at GSI in Giovanni was a passionate physicist: 1987. The main aim was the systematic study for him, physics meant fun to discover, of projectile fragmentation at relativistic enthusiasm to be shared and perfection to energies. The experiment yielded pioneering be achieved. He was a real nuclear physicist, results on the multifragmentation process having started with nuclear spectroscopy and culminated in the determination of the in transfer reactions at Saclay in the late nuclear caloric curve as a first signal of the 1970s before moving to higher energies long predicted liquid–gas phase transition in with deep-inelastic and intermediate nuclear matter. energy heavy-ion reactions at the Grand Giovanni Raciti. (Courtesy FRIBs@LNS, INFN-LNS.) In 2000 Giovanni initiated a project at the

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Laboatori Nationali del Sud in Catania to diproton radioactivity of 18Ne only a few years deep insight into physics and his enthusiasm produce radioactive ion beams by projectile ago, from the analysis of the first experiment for research. With his passing we have fragmentation followed by in-flight separation conducted with these exotic species. lost a passionate, deeply caring physicist, – the in-Flight Radioactive Ion Beams

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