NEWSLETTER 80 Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare FEBBRAIO 2021

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

NEWSLETTER 80 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare FEBBRAIO 2021 RICONOSCIMENTI A GIORGIO PARISI IL PRESTIGIOSO WOLF PRIZE PER LA FISICA 2021 Il fisico teorico Giorgio Parisi è stato insignito del prestigioso Wolf Prize per la fisica 2021 “per le sue scoperte pionieristiche nella teoria quantistica dei campi, in meccanica statistica e nei sistemi complessi”. Il Wolf Prize è stato istituito dalla Fondazione Wolf di Israele nel 1978 come riconoscimento per scienziati e artisti che hanno prodotto “risultati nell’interesse dell’umanità e relazioni amichevoli tra le persone”. Tra coloro che ne sono stati insigniti, Giuseppe Occhialini, Bruno Rossi, Riccardo Giacconi, Leon Lederman, Roger Penrose, Stephen Hawking, Peter Higgs. Parisi è professore ordinario di Fisica Teorica alla Sapienza Università di Roma, ricercatore associato all’INFN, e dal 2018 Presidente dell’Accademia dei Lincei. Ha condotto i suoi studi alla Sapienza, dove si è laureato in fisica nel 1970 sotto la guida di Nicola Cabibbo. Nel corso della sua carriera scientifica, iniziata ai Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’INFN, Parisi ha dato molti contributi determinanti e ampiamente riconosciuti in diverse aree della fisica: fisica delle particelle, meccanica statistica, fluidodinamica, materia condensata, supercomputer. Si è inoltre occupato di reti neurali, sistema immunitario e movimento di gruppi di animali. È stato vincitore di due advanced grant dell’ERC European Reasearch Council, nel 2010 e nel 2016, ed è autore di oltre seicento articoli e contributi a conferenze scientifiche e di quattro libri. Ha ricevuto la Medaglia Boltzmann, la Medaglia Max Planck e la Medaglia Dirac, e numerosi premi e riconoscimenti. È membro dell'Accademia dei Quaranta, dell'Académie des Sciences, dell'Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze degli Stati Uniti, dell'Accademia Europea, dell'Academia Europea e dell'American Philosophical Society. ■ INFN - UFFICIO COMUNICAZIONE 7.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Electron-Positron Pairs in Physics and Astrophysics
Electron-positron pairs in physics and astrophysics: from heavy nuclei to black holes Remo Ruffini1,2,3, Gregory Vereshchagin1 and She-Sheng Xue1 1 ICRANet and ICRA, p.le della Repubblica 10, 65100 Pescara, Italy, 2 Dip. di Fisica, Universitàdi Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy, 3 ICRANet, Universitéde Nice Sophia Antipolis, Grand Château, BP 2135, 28, avenue de Valrose, 06103 NICE CEDEX 2, France. Abstract Due to the interaction of physics and astrophysics we are witnessing in these years a splendid synthesis of theoretical, experimental and observational results originating from three fundamental physical processes. They were originally proposed by Dirac, by Breit and Wheeler and by Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger. For almost seventy years they have all three been followed by a continued effort of experimental verification on Earth-based experiments. The Dirac process, e+e 2γ, has been by − → far the most successful. It has obtained extremely accurate experimental verification and has led as well to an enormous number of new physics in possibly one of the most fruitful experimental avenues by introduction of storage rings in Frascati and followed by the largest accelerators worldwide: DESY, SLAC etc. The Breit–Wheeler process, 2γ e+e , although conceptually simple, being the inverse process of the Dirac one, → − has been by far one of the most difficult to be verified experimentally. Only recently, through the technology based on free electron X-ray laser and its numerous applications in Earth-based experiments, some first indications of its possible verification have been reached. The vacuum polarization process in strong electromagnetic field, pioneered by Sauter, Heisenberg, Euler and Schwinger, introduced the concept of critical electric 2 3 field Ec = mec /(e ).
[Show full text]
Lhcb Prepares for RICH Physics
I n t e r n at I o n a l J o u r n a l o f H I g H - e n e r g y P H y s I c s CERN COURIERV o l u m e 47 n u m b e r 6 J u ly/a u g u s t 2 0 07 LHCb prepares for RICH physics NEUTRINOS LHC FOCUS InSIDE STORY Borexino starts On the trail of At the far side to take data p8 heavy flavour p30 of the world p58 CCJulAugCover1.indd 1 11/7/07 13:50:51 Project1 10/7/07 13:56 Page 1 CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton CERN CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail [email protected] Fax +41 (0) 22 785 0247 Web cerncourier.com Advisory board James Gillies, Rolf Landua and Maximilian Metzger Laboratory correspondents: COURIERo l u m e u m b e r u ly u g u s t V 47 N 6 J /A 20 07 Argonne National Laboratory (US) Cosmas Zachos Brookhaven National Laboratory (US) P Yamin Cornell University (US) D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Germany) Ilka Flegel, Ute Wilhelmsen EMFCSC (Italy) Anna Cavallini Enrico Fermi Centre (Italy) Guido Piragino Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US) Judy Jackson Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany) Markus Buescher GSI Darmstadt (Germany) I Peter IHEP, Beijing (China) Tongzhou Xu IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia) Yu Ryabov INFN (Italy) Barbara Gallavotti Jefferson Laboratory (US) Steven Corneliussen JINR
[Show full text]
On the Occasion of the 14Th Marcel Grossmann Meeting
ICRANet on the occasion of the 14 th Marcel Grossmann Meeting – MGXIV in celebration of the International Year of Light 2015 the 100 th anniversary of the Einstein’s equations the golden jubilee of Relativistic Astrophysics The ICRANet Seats The University of Rome “La Sapienza” where the Physics Department hosts the ICRANet ICRANet Headquarters in Pescara (Italy). seat in Rome (Italy). ICRANet seat in Nice (France). National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, which hosts the ICRANet seat in Yerevan (Armenia). (Above:) CBPF, which hosts the ICRANet seat in Rio de Janeiro. (Below:) The planned seat at Cassino da Urca (Brazil). II This brochure reviews some background facts concerning the founding of ICRANet and its current structures and then turns to the 2015 celebrations of the Year of Light and the ICRANet initiated International Relativistic Astrophysics Ph.D. program (the IRAP-PhD). It then addresses the birth of relativistic astrophysics following the first fifty years of the existence of general relativity plagued mainly by the absence of observational or experimental activity. Four events marked the onset of relativistic astrophysics: the discovery by Schmidt of the first quasar in 1962, of Scorpius X1 by Riccardo Giacconi in 1963, of the cosmic background radiation by Penzias and Wilson in 1964, and of pulsars by Jocelyn-Bell and Antony Hewish in 1967. These events led to a systematic development of the understanding of the four pillars of relativistic astrophysics: supernovae where observations of the CRAB Nebula are still relevant today, white dwarfs and neutron stars, black holes and their first identification in Nature in Cygnus X1 found by Riccardo Giacconi with the UHURU satellite based on the conceptual background developed by our group in Princeton, and finally the discovery of gamma ray bursts as the largest energy source delivered in the shortest time of any astrophysical phenomenon.
[Show full text]
Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: a Study in German Culture
Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft838nb56t&chunk.id=0&doc.v... Preferred Citation: Rose, Paul Lawrence. Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: A Study in German Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft838nb56t/ Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project A Study in German Culture Paul Lawrence Rose UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford © 1998 The Regents of the University of California In affectionate memory of Brian Dalton (1924–1996), Scholar, gentleman, leader, friend And in honor of my father's 80th birthday Preferred Citation: Rose, Paul Lawrence. Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: A Study in German Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft838nb56t/ In affectionate memory of Brian Dalton (1924–1996), Scholar, gentleman, leader, friend And in honor of my father's 80th birthday ― ix ― ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For hospitality during various phases of work on this book I am grateful to Aryeh Dvoretzky, Director of the Institute of Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, whose invitation there allowed me to begin work on the book while on sabbatical leave from James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia, in 1983; and to those colleagues whose good offices made it possible for me to resume research on the subject while a visiting professor at York University and the University of Toronto, Canada, in 1990–92. Grants from the College of the Liberal Arts and the Institute for the Arts and Humanistic Studies of The Pennsylvania State University enabled me to complete the research and writing of the book.
[Show full text]
Bruno Benedetto Rossi
Intellectuals Displaced from Fascist Italy Firenze University Press 2019- Bruno Benedetto Rossi Go to personal file When he was expelled from the Università di Padova in 1938, the professor Link to other connected Lives on the move: of experimental physics from the Arcetri school was 33 years old, with an extraordinary international reputation and contacts and experiments abroad, Vinicio Barocas Sergio De Benedetti and had just married. With his young wife Nora Lombroso, he emigrated at Laura Capon Fermi Enrico Fermi once: first to Copenhagen, then to Manchester, and in June 1939 to the Guglielmo Ferrero United States. where their children were born. America, from the outset, was Leo Ferrero Nina Ferrero Raditsa his goal. Correspondence with New York and London reveals from Cesare Lombroso Gina Lombroso Ferrero September 1938 almost a competition to be able to have «one of the giants» Nora Lombroso Rossi of physics in the 20th century, whom fascism was hounding for the so-called Giuseppe (Beppo) Occhialini defence of the race. He was reappointed at the Università di Palermo in 1974, Leo Pincherle Maurizio Pincherle at the age of 70, when he was by then retired from MIT. Giulio Racah Bogdan Raditsa (Radica) Gaetano Salvemini Education Bruno was the eldest of three sons of Rino Rossi (1876-1927), an engineer who worked on the electrification of Venice, and of Lina Minerbi, from Ferrara (1868-1967). After attending the Marco Polo high school in Venice, he enrolled at the Università di Padova, and then at Bologna, where he graduated on 28 December 1927,1 defending a thesis in experimental physics on imperfect contacts between metals.
[Show full text]
'Vague, but Exciting'
I n t e r n at I o n a l Jo u r n a l o f HI g H -en e r g y PH y s I c s CERN COURIERV o l u m e 49 nu m b e r 4 ma y 2009 ‘Vague, but exciting’ ACCELERATORS COSMIC RAYS COLLABORATIONS FFAGs enter the era of PAMELA finds a ATLAS makes a smooth applications p5 positron excess p12 changeover at the top p31 CCMay09Cover.indd 1 14/4/09 09:44:43 CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton Editorial assistant Carolyn Lee CERN CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail [email protected] Fax +41 (0) 22 785 0247 Web cerncourier.com Advisory board James Gillies, Rolf Landua and Maximilian Metzger COURIERo l u m e u m b e r a y Laboratory correspondents: V 49 N 4 m 2009 Argonne National Laboratory (US) Cosmas Zachos Brookhaven National Laboratory (US) P Yamin Cornell University (US) D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Germany) Ilka Flegel, Ute Wilhelmsen EMFCSC (Italy) Anna Cavallini Enrico Fermi Centre (Italy) Guido Piragino Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US) Judy Jackson Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany) Markus Buescher GSI Darmstadt (Germany) I Peter IHEP, Beijing (China) Tongzhou Xu IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia) Yu Ryabov INFN (Italy) Romeo Bassoli Jefferson Laboratory (US) Steven Corneliussen JINR Dubna (Russia) B Starchenko KEK National Laboratory (Japan) Youhei Morita Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (US) Spencer Klein Seeing beam once again p6 Dirac was right about antimatter p15 A new side to Peter Higgs p36 Los Alamos National Laboratory (US) C Hoffmann NIKHEF Laboratory (Netherlands) Paul de Jong Novosibirsk Institute (Russia) S Eidelman News 5 NCSL (US) Geoff Koch Orsay Laboratory (France) Anne-Marie Lutz FFAGs enter the applications era.
[Show full text]
A Nature of Science Guided Approach to the Physics Teaching of Cosmic Rays
A Nature of Science guided approach to the physics teaching of Cosmic Rays Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. phil. { Doctor philosophiae) eingereicht am Fachbereich 4 Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften, Wirtschaft & Informatik der UniversitätHildesheim vorgelegt von Rosalia Madonia geboren am 20. August 1961 in Palermo 2018 Schwerpunkt der Arbeit: Didaktik der Physik Tag der Disputation: 21 Januar 2019 Dekan: Prof. Dr. M. Sauerwein 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Ute Kraus 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Peter Grabmayr ii Abstract This thesis focuses on cosmic rays and Nature of Science (NOS). The first aim of this work is to investigate whether the variegated aspects of cosmic ray research -from its historical development to the science topics addressed herein- can be used for a teaching approach with and about NOS. The efficacy of the NOS based teaching has been highlighted in many studies, aimed at developing innovative and more effective teaching strategies. The fil rouge that we propose unwinds through cosmic ray research, that with its century long history appears to be the perfect topic for a study of and through NOS. The second aim of the work is to find out what knowledge the pupils and students have regarding the many aspect of NOS. To this end we have designed, executed, and analyzed the outcomes of a sample-based investigation carried out with pupils and students in Palermo (Italy), Tübingenand Hildesheim (Germany), and constructed around an open-ended ques- tionnaire. The main goal is to study whether intrinsic differences between the German and Italian samples can be observed. The thesis is divided in three parts.
[Show full text]
Annual Review Publication
Review A Centre for Advanced Study in the University of Cambridge Annual Review 2019 President’s Letter 2 Report from the Bursar 4 President ’s Senior Tutor’s Report 6 News from our Development Director 8 Letter Donor List 10 News of Members 46 In Memoriam 47 It has been a privilege to edit the Clare Hall review for the last two years. Now, however, the time has come to relinquish the editorial hat. My thanks are due to the many willing contributors who met all the editorial deadlines (and to those who hid from me as they loomed). I am grateful to Catherine Wise and Paul Williams for technical support and to Margaret Deith (LM) for her meticulous attention to detail as a sharp-eyed proofreader. Jo Dowling at Cameron Graphics has worked miracles to transform reams of copy into the dynamic issue that is this year’s Review. Grateful thanks to all of you. Bobbie Wells Cover by courtersy of the artist, Jake Attree 2 COLLEGE NEWS By the time this issue of the Review hits the metaphorical news stands I shall have entered onto my last year as President, but it is not yet time for a retrospective. It is still a time to look forward as perhaps the most distinctive college in Cambridge. Distinctive we may be, but that does not The next step, the reduction in our carbon mean that we have a high profile except as footprint, is going to be more difficult. We being the college which is known around cannot expect our very international body the University as a friendly and informal of students and Life Members to give up community that keeps itself to itself except using planes to cross the Atlantic in favour when hosting major events like that the of airships or balloons propelled along by Tanner, Ashby and King Lectures.
[Show full text]
People and Things in Our December Issue We Shall Cover the Award of This Year's Nobel Prize for Physics to She/Don Glashow, Steven Weinberg Andabdus Sa Lam
People and things In our December issue we shall cover the award of this year's Nobel Prize for Physics to She/don Glashow, Steven Weinberg andAbdus Sa lam. compelling because the low energy On people when change is most likely to be of the reactor antineutrinos means needed. He also regretted that the that only a single coupling constant focus of interaction with the is involved. (In high energy neutrino Andy Ses s 1er has announced his Department of Energy during his interactions at accelerators, there intention to resign as Director of the years of off ice had been on "proce are in general four coupling con Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory as dural matters and on a severe stants, corresponding to left- and from the beginning of next year. constraint on the utilization of the right-handed couplings to both up He has guided the Laboratory Laboratory rather than on a mutually and down quarks.) Because this through a period of great change supportive exploration of the ways coupling constant does not depend when diversification and the swing this excellent institution can be more** on the weak mixing angle, the to many energy and environmental fully utilized to work on the nations experiment confirms the Weinberg- areas of research have been imple critical energy problems. " Salam prediction but does not deter mented with success. mine the mixing angle. In his letters to President David Also at the Lawrence Berkeley La The experiment is being continued Saxon of the University of California boratory, Hermann Grunder has to improve the statistics. and to Berkeley staff Andy Sess/er succeeded Ed Lofgren as Head of raised several reasons for handing the Accelerator and Fusion Re over leadership.
[Show full text]
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 17Th-19Th Centuries
Dottorato di Ricerca in Studi Linguistici, Letterari e Interculturali in Ambito Europeo ed Extraeuropeo. Ciclo XXXII Dipartimento di Lingue e Letterature Straniere TESI DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA SCIENTIFIC CROSSCURRENTS BETWEEN ITALY AND ENGLAND Italian contributions to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 17th-19th centuries SSD: L-LIN/12 Lingua e Traduzione - Lingua inglese Dott.ssa LUCIA BERTI Tutor Chiar.mo Prof. Giovanni Iamartino Coordinatore del dottorato Chiar.ma Prof.ssa Maria Vittoria Calvi A.A. 2018-2019 SCIENTIFIC CROSSCURRENTS BETWEEN ITALY AND ENGLAND Italian contributions to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 17th-19th centuries Contents List of abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER 1 Backgrounding the study ...................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 The socio-historical contexts ............................................................................................................ 16 1.2.1. Notes on the history of the Royal Society and Philosophical Transactions, 17th-19th centuries ..........................16 1.2.2 The Italian states and their academies .......................................................................................................................24
[Show full text]
NEWSLETTER 76 Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare
OCTOBER 2020 NEWSLETTER 76 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INTERVIEW THE AMALDI PLAN FOR THE RELAUNCH OF ItaLIAN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Interview with the physicist Ugo Amaldi, founder of the National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO) in Pavia and the proposer of the Amaldi Plan for Italian research, p. 2 NEWS TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH ▪ EUROPEAN TECHNOLOGY FOR THE NEW LEONARDO SUPERCOMPUTER, p. 5 ▪ DART WARS: QUANTUM AMPLIFIERS FOR COMPUTERS OF THE FUTURE, p. 7 RESEARCH ▪ OVER 100 BLACK HOLES OBSERVED BY THE LIGO-VIRGO TRIO IN THE FIRST RUN OF 2019, p. 6 AWARDS ▪ 2020 NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS GOES TO BLACK HOLES, p. 8 ▪ VALENTINA MARIANI HAS WON THE L'ORÉAL FOR WOMEN IN SCIENCE AWARD, p. 9 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT ▪ STEM: SELECTION OPENED FOR THE SCIENCE ON StagE ItaLY FESTIvaL, p. 10 ▪ DaRK MattER Day 2020 | IN SEARCH OF DaRK MattER, p. 11 FOCUS THE WEIGHT OF THE VACUUM: A STEP FORWARD FOR ARCHIMEDES, p. 12 INFN - UFFICIO COMUNICAZIONE NEWSLETTER 76 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare OCTOBER 2020 » INTERVIEW THE AMALDI PLAN FOR THE RELAUNCH OF ItaLIAN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Interview with the physicist Ugo Amaldi, founder of the National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO) in Pavia and the proposer of the Amaldi Plan for Italian research. To increase the percentage of Italian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) allocated to financing both basic and applied public research*, starting from 2021, in order to be aligned with Germany's investments in the same sector, equal to almost 1% of German GDP, in 2026. This, in a nutshell, is the request sustained also by a petition launched on the Change.org platform, addressed to the Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte and started from considerations expressed by the physicist Ugo Amaldi.
[Show full text]
IL NUOVO SAGGIATORE Numero: BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI FISICA B
HANNo CoLLABorato A qUeSto IL NUOVO SAGGIATORE NUmeRo: BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI FISICA B. Ancarani, S. Arcelli, J. D. Barrow, Nuova Serie Anno 35 • N. 5 settembre-ottobre 2019 • N. 6 novembre-dicembre 2019 m. Bellacosa, G. Benedek, G. Bertin, A. Bettini, f. Borsa, DIRETTORE RESPONSABILE ViCeDiRettoRe ComitAto SCieNtifiCo G. Carraro, e. Coccia, A. Coniglio, Luisa Cifarelli Giuseppe Grosso G. Benedek, A. Bettini, f. fucito, P. Giannozzi, m. Giorgi, P. Cenci, S. Centro, J. J. Gómez-Cadenas, S. matarrese, S. Croci, R. Piazza, P. musso, t. Nakada, f. Pegoraro, e. De Sanctis, S. falciano, G. Piotto, R. Resta, L. Savio, f. ferroni, e. iarocci, S. Solimeno, G. tonelli, L. Vattuone f. Palmonari, R. A. Ricci SommARio 3 EDITORIALE 65 SIF-IOP “Giuseppe Occhialini” Prize L. Cifarelli and Medal 2019 J. D. Barrow 5 In memoria di Bruno Preziosi 66 Il Nuovo Cimento 150, 100, 50 A. Coniglio, S. Solimeno anni fa A. Bettini SCieNZA iN PRimO PIANO 7 Geometrical observables News in condensed matter 69 Il Premio Nobel per la Fisica 2019 R. Resta S. matarrese, G. Piotto 17 From LHC to FCC 74 Fabiola Gianotti confermata alla G. tonelli guida del CERN S. Arcelli fiSiCA e… 76 L’editoria e la SIF: il 2019 fra sfide 27 Is graphene chemically inert? e rinnovamento G. Carraro, L. Savio, L. Vattuone B. Ancarani 34 Software for quantum simulations 78 Le pubblicazioni online della SIF: of tomorrow i numeri P. Giannozzi m. Bellacosa PeRCoRSi 79 ReCeNSioNi(*) 41 The physics of Leonardo da Vinci f. Borsa 80 iN RiCoRDo Di(*) 53 In memoriam of Murray Gell-Mann Luigi Arialdo Radicati di Brozolo f.
[Show full text]