Refuge Notebook • Vol. 10, No. 3 • January 25, 2008

Kenai Peninsula gulls: worth a second look by Toby Burke

Our local winter landscape often seems austere cal breeding gulls have recently fledged their young; and lifeless especially those vistas that take in the and breeding gulls and their recently fledged young Cook Inlet and the lower Kenai River Flats on a from other colonies as well as local and distant non- somber, gray day. The Kenai Flats are vast and breeding gulls descend on the smorgasbord of fish seemingly empty in winter if not for the occasional waste along the lower Kenai River. lone raven glimpsed and heard crying in the distance, This same area provides opportunities to observe merely emphasizing the area’s bleakness. gulls in winter. Though the gull numbers are greatly But look more closely against the monochrome diminished as the vast majority of gulls have migrated landscape and with some difficulty you may see a out of our area, it is a time when limited fish processing few random gulls flying and gathering on the lower occurs and with it relatively small but diverse concen- stretches of the river to feed and rest. The gulls trations of winter gulls form. These smaller concen- barely stand out from their dull surroundings and ap- trations of gulls are easier to scrutinize than the vast pear nondescript to most. But to the discerning eye summer flocks and occasionally yield species that are these gulls represent several hardy resident species uncommon or even rare to the Kenai Peninsula. and not too infrequently exotic species, distant wan- Jaegers, skuas, gulls, kittiwakes, and terns all be- derers from foreign shores. long to the family Laridae or gull family. Twenty-eight Gulls are renowned for their habit of wandering species of “gulls” have been documented on the Kenai far and wide from their normal breeding and winter Peninsula and its nearby waters. ranges. These wandering gulls are usually juveniles Our three resident, or year round, gull species are that are not yet tied to normal breeding ranges or Glaucous-winged, Herring, and Mew Gulls. Bona- adults that have dispersed after a successful or failed parte’s Gull, Black-legged Kittiwake, Parasitic Jaeger, breeding season. Accordingly, exotic gull species are Arctic and Aleutian Terns also breed on the Kenai discovered with remarkable regularity throughout the Peninsula but are not year round residents. year but especially in fall and winter. So when it comes Sabine’s Gull, Pomarine and Long-tailed Jaegers to gulls expect the unexpected. are uncommon annual migrants through the Kenai One of the very best places to observe gulls on the Peninsula. Likewise, Caspian Terns have not yet been entire Kenai Peninsula is the lower five river miles of documented breeding on the Kenai Peninsula but they the Kenai River, from the Warren Ames Bridge down- are also seen annually after their post-breeding dis- stream to the mouth. The gulls reach their greatest persal from colonies in Prince William Sound. Non- concentration along the lowest one and a half miles, breeding Glaucous Gulls also frequent our area. Ju- from the Port of Kenai downstream to Spruce Street at veniles are observed in small numbers year round but the mouth. most frequently in winter. Exceptional numbers of gulls are present on Slaty-backed and Thayer’s Gulls are vagrants en- the lower Kenai River continuously from mid-April countered almost annually. Ring-billed, California, through the early-September. This area is the home of and Franklins Gulls are vagrants observed every one a colony of no less than ten-thousand breeding Her- to three years. While Black-headed, Ivory, and Iceland ring and Glaucous-winged Gulls and the various hy- Gulls are vagrants observed irregularly, at intervals of brid forms of the two species as well as a scattering of three to five years. Mew Gulls. South Polar Skua, Western, Heermann’s, Ross’, Gull numbers peak from mid-July to mid-August and Black-tailed Gulls, Red-legged Kittiwake, and and occasionally exceeding fifty-thousand individuals. White-winged Tern are all extremely rare with only At this time the massive Kenai dip-net, sport, and com- one or two documented sighting of each species on mercial salmon fisheries are in full swing; commer- the Kenai Peninsula. cial fish processors are working at full capacity; lo- Another location to study concentrations of gulls

USFWS Kenai National Wildlife Refuge 5 Refuge Notebook • Vol. 10, No. 3 • January 25, 2008 is the Kenai Peninsula Borough Dump located south of couch and shake off those winter doldrums with a win- the city of Soldotna off the Sterling Highway. Gulls are ter outing and maybe a serendipitous discovery of an often found feeding in the main dump basin or roost- uncommon winter gull. ing nearby along its perimeter. Though this locale Toby Burke is a refuge biological technician who is lacks ambiance it often rewards with excellent views intrigued by the status and distribution of Alaska and of roosting gulls. Kenai Peninsula birds and enjoys birding with his wife If you observe any of these less common gull and family. Previous Refuge Previous Refuge Notebook species mentioned above please take time to report columns can be viewed on the Web at http://www.fws. them to the Central Peninsula Bird Hotline sponsored gov/refuge/kenai/. by the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. So get off the

6 USFWS Kenai National Wildlife Refuge