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(), see space --- (— ), 45 ! (exclamation mark) (\cdot), 17, 22, 36 · for float location, 14 (\cdots), 17, 23 ··· denoting an error message, 49 . .. (\ddots), 23–24 in \index, 62 ...(\ldots), 17, 23, 64 \! (negative thin space), 19 . # (hash mark), 7 .(\vdots), 23–24 error caused by, 48 \: (medium space), 19 printing, 7 \; (thick space), 19, 23, 24 \# (#), 7 ? after error message, 46 $ (dollar sign), 5, 7 @ (at) error caused by, 48 in bib file, 58–62 formula delimiter, 6, 17, 19 in \index, 63 printing, 7 in format, 13 \$ ($), 7 \@ (extra interword space), 44 % (percent sign), 7 \[ (equation delimiter), 6, 17, 26 error caused by, 48 \ (backslash), 5, 7 for comments, 7 followed by space, 42 printing, 7 missing, 48 with \index, 62 printing, 7 \% (%), 7, 11 \\, 5 & (ampersand), 7 in array, 22 in align environment, 28 in \author, 67 in alignat environment, 28 in center environment, 11 in array, 22 in eqnarray, 27 in eqnarray, 27 in tabular environment, 11 in tabular environment, 11 { (left brace), 7 printing, 7 printing, 7 \& (&), 7 \{ ( ), 7, 21 { + (math plus) } (right brace), 7 binary operator, 28 printing, 7 unitary operator, 28 \} ( ), 7, 21 } \, (thin space), 19, 24, 38 \] (equation delimiter), 6, 17, 26 (math minus), 45 ^ (circumflex), 5, 7 − binary operator, 28 for superscript, 6, 19 unitary operator, 28 printing, 7 - (- hyphen), 45 \^ (ˆaccent), 45 -- (– hyphen), 45 \_ ( ), 7 93 94 INDEX

_ (), 5, 7 in sample report, 72 for subscript, 6, 19 array environment, 22 printing, 7 arrays, 22 | (vertical line) arrow symbols, 18, 21 in tabular environment, 12 article document class, 39–43, 71 |( in index, 63 sample, 67–69 |) in index, 63 arXiv, 60 ~ (tilde), 7 author printing, 7 overzealous, 64 unbreakable space, 33, 41, 45, 55 \author, 40, 41, 43 \~ (˜accent), 45 in sample article, 68 10pt in sample poster, 84 document class default, 39 in sample presentation, 76 11pt in sample report, 72 document class option, 39 autosized braces, 21, 23, 31 type size, 8 aux file, 3, 56, 63 12pt availability of packages, 51 document class option, 39 type size, 8, 81 b5paper option, 40 babel package, 89 a0poster document class, 40, 81–85 backslash (\), 5, 7, 21 A4 paper size followed by space, 42 European, 40 \bar, 66 a4paper option, 40 bbl file, 3, 56, 57 a5paper option, 40 beamer document class, 39 abbreviation in bib file, 61 sample, 75–79 abbreviations, see customized com- bearded Welshman, 41 mands bib file, 56 abstract environment, 40, 71 \bibitem, 43, 54 accented characters, 44 in sample article, 68 in bibliography, 56, 61 in sample report, 72 align environment ( ), 28 bibliography, 54–62, 68, 71, 90 AMS alignat environment ( ), 28 \bibliography, 57 AMS aligned environment ( ), 29, 30 \bibliographystyle, 57 AMS alignedat environment ( ), 30 \bibname, 54 AMS ambiguous BibTEX (for bibliographies), 55–62, 89 subscript, 48 bibtex, 56 superscript, 48 \Big, 21 , ix \big, 21, 37 A S amsfontsM , see packages, amsfonts \Bigg, 21 amsmath, see packages, amsmath \bigg, 21 \and, 40 \bigskip, 15 in sample article, 68 \binomial ( ), 37 AMS in sample report, 72 binomial coefficient, 37 appendix, 41, 71 blackboard ( ), 36 AMS \appendix, 41, 43, 71 blank line, 6, 7 INDEX 95

error in math mode, 48 math, 22, 35 blank space, 44 \chapter, 41, 71 in math mode, 20 in appendix, 71 bm package, 36, 51, 89 in sample report, 72 \bm (bold symbols), 36 characters Bmatrix environment ( ), 25 accented, 44, 61 AMS bmatrix environment ( ), 24 special, 5, 7, 48 AMS body circumflex (^), 5 floating, 14, 53 \cite, 49, 51, 54–56, 58, 68, 72 boldface series type style, 8 class, of document, 39–40 \boldmath, 36 \cline, 12, 23 book, 39 cls file, 39 braces coefficient autosized, 21, 23, 31 binomial, 37 curly, 8, 21, 28, 32, 35, 37 color package, 89 in bib file, 58, 61 comments, 7 in math mode, 6, 19, 21 common errors, 48 dummy, 31 Comprehensive TEX Archive Network square, 22, 32–34, 39, 40, 54 (CTAN), 57, 87 brackets, see braces contents break table of, 41, 42 line, 49 ConTEXt, 88 , 49 cross-referencing bst file, 56 by page number, 13 bullet, 9 common warnings, 49 bullet overuse, 64 examples in sample article, 68 examples in sample report, 72 C, 36 for bibliography, 54, 71 capital letters for equations, 6, 26 in title fields, 59 for index, 63 caption for sections, 41 for figure, 53, 68, 72, 82, 89 for tables, 13 for table, 11, 13, 14 for theorem-like structure, 34 \caption, 14, 53, 68, 72, 82 CTAN (Comprehensive TEX Archive car sticker, 64 Network), 57, 87 cases environment ( ), 30 AMS curly braces, 8, 21, 28, 32, 35, 37 \cdot ( ), 22, 36, 37 · in bib file, 58, 61 \cdots ( ), 17, 22, 23, 37 ··· in math mode, 6, 19, 21 center environment, 11, 12, 53 current date, 41 versus \centering, 53 current version \centering, 53 \today, 67 in sample article, 68 customized commands, 31 in sample report, 72 versus center, 53 , see changing type size, 8 date, 71 in sample poster, 81 current, 41 96 INDEX

suppression, 41 download, 1 \today, 67 dummy brace, 31 \date, 40, 41, 43, 66, 67, 72, 82, 84 dvi file, 2, 3, 52, 63, 64 . \ddots ( ..), 23–24 dvips decimal program, 52 alignment of, 13 ellipsis delimiters, 21 central ( ), 17, 23 autosized, 31 ··· .. missing after a command, 48 diagonal ( .), 23 unmatched, 48 horizontal (...), 17, 23 . denominator, 19 vertical (.),. 23 description, 10 , 16, 53 design, logical, 2 \emph, 8 device independent file, see dvi file , 8 \dfrac ( ), 35 AMS encapsulated PostScript file, 52 digital object identifier (DOI), 60 \ensuremath, 32 display style, 34 enumerate, 10 displaymath environment, 26 environments, 9–15 \displaystyle, 35 abstract, 40, 71 document class, 39–40 align ( ), 28 AMS 10pt default, 39 alignat ( ), 28 AMS 11pt option, 39 aligned ( ), 30 AMS 12pt option, 39 array, 22 a0poster, 40, 81–85 Bmatrix ( ), 25 AMS a4paper option, 40 bmatrix ( ), 24 AMS article, 39–42, 67–69 cases ( ), 30 AMS beamer, 39, 75–79 center, 11, 12, 53 book, 39 description, 10, 46 customized, 39 displaymath, 26 letter, 39 document, 5, 42 report, 39–41, 71–73 enumerate, 10 slides, 39, 75 eqnarray, 27 twocolumn option, 40 eqnarray*, 27 document class specification, 5 equation, 26 document structure, 43 figure, 53–54 \documentclass, 5, 8, 39, 40, 42, 43 floating, 14, 53 in sample article, 68 gather ( ), 29 AMS in sample report, 71 itemize, 9 dot list-making, 9 above a character, 26 math, 26 double integral example, 19, 38 matrix ( ), 25 AMS double on , 37 multline ( ), 27, 38, 48 AMS double quote character, 45 pmatrix ( ), 25 P AMS double subscript, 48 smallmatrix ( ), 25 AMS double superscript, 48 subequations ( ), 30 AMS INDEX 97

table, 11, 13, 14, 53, 64 log, 3, 46, 63 tables, 11 lot, 42 tabular, 11–14, 84 pdf, 2, 3, 51, 52, 63, 64, 88 tcolorbox, 84 png, 52 textblock, 84 PostScript, 52 thebibliography, 54, 55 root, 42, 51 theorem-like, 33 sty, 51 verbatim, 14, 64 , 2, 7, 42, 46, 49, 51, 52, 63, Vmatrix ( ), 25 64, 88 AMS vmatrix ( ), 25 toc, 3, 42 AMS eqnarray environment, 27 files eqnarray* environment, 27 inputting, 51–52 equation environment, 5, 26 \fill, 16 equations floating body, 14, 53 long, 27, 38 footnote sets of, 27, 30 in title page, 40, 41 error \footnotesize, 8 common, 48 in sample poster, 81 pinpointing, 47 format error message, 46, 49 of arrays, 22 possible responses to, 46 of tables, 11 European \frac, 19, 21, 35 A4 paper size, 40 with in-line expressions, 35 ex, 16 with limits of integration, 22 fractions, 19, 35 family, see type style , see period \fbox, 53 function plots \fboxsep, 53 inputting, 52 figure environment, 53–54 figures, 52–54 gather environment ( ), 29 AMS in sample article, 68 geometry, see packages, geometry in sample report, 72 graphics, 52–54 list of, 42 rotating, 53 file graphics, see packages, graphics aux, 3, 56, 63 \graphicspath, 82 bbl, 3, 56, 57 graphicx, see packages, graphicx bib, 56 great moments, 64 bst, 56 Greek letters, 18, 36 cls, 39 dvi, 2, 3, 52, 63, 64 hard space, 41, 45 encapsulated PostScript, 52 hat, 26 eps, 52 wide, 26 idx, 3, 63, 64 \hbox ind, 64 overfull, 49 jpg, 52 hierarchy lof, 42 of LATEX document, 41, 42 98 INDEX history of LATEX, 64 \item, 9, 10, 20, 45, 46, 76, 78 \hline, 12 itemize, 9 horizontal space, 16 \hspace, 16  (\jmath), 26 \Huge, 8 \jargonfill, 64 in sample poster, 81 \jmath (ı), 26 \huge, 8 jpg file, 52 in sample poster, 81 key hyphenating, 7 for bibliography citation, 54 hyphens, 45 for cross-referencing, 13 for equation, 26 ı (\imath), 26 for section, 41 idx file, 3, 63, 64 for table, 13 \iiint ( )( ), 38 AMS for theorem-like structure, 34 \iint ( )( ), 38 RRR AMS standard format, 27 \imath (ı), 26 RR killer strain of LAT X, 64 \includegraphics, 52–54, 67 E in sample article, 67–68 \label, 6, 13, 26, 41, 49, 53 in sample poster, 82 in sample article, 68 in sample report, 72 in sample report, 72 ind file, 64 labels indenting, 7 common warnings, 49 index, 22, 42, 62–64 landscape option, 40 !, 62 landscape (beamer default), 81 |(, 63 \langle ( ), 36 h |), 63 \LARGE, 8 cross-referencing, 63 in sample poster, 81 multiple entries, 63 \Large, 8, 35 overzealous author, 64 in sample poster, 81 page range, 63 \large, 8, 35 see, 63 in sample poster, 81 subentries, 62 \LaTeX (LATEX), 44 subentry , 56, 57 level-three, 62 \ldots (. . . ), 17, 23, 64 \index, 62, 63 space in index, 62 \input, 33, 42, 46, 48, 51, 82 \left, 21, 23 inputting \left., 31 files, 51–52 lemma, 33 pictures, 52–54 lengths, 16 intercolumn space, 13 negative, 16 Internet, x, 4, 75, 87–90 letter, 39 CTAN, 57, 87 letterpaper option, 40 documentation, 88–90 limits, 20 TUG, 88 line interword space, 7, 29, 42, 44 blank, 6, 7 italic shape type style, 8 break, 41, 49 INDEX 99

breaking, 7 common, 49 new, 7 MiKTEX, 3, 87, 90 line number, 46 minus (math symbol), 45 \linebreak, 49 mm, 16 \linewidth, 67 motivation for LATEX, 1–2 \listoffigures, 42 \multicolumn, 12, 23 \listoftables, 42 multiple entries in index, 63 lists, 9–10 multiple integral, 19, 38 nested, 10 multline ( ), 27, 38, 48 AMS loading a package, 51 locating an error, 47 N, 36 lof file, 42 natbib package, 90 log file, 3, 46, 63 negative logical design, 2 lengths, 16 lot file, 42 thin space, 19 \newcommand, 31–33, 42, 43, 52 Mac OS X, 87 with arguments, 32 MacTEX, 3, 87, 90 with optional argument, 33 makeidx package, 51, 63, 90 newline, 7 MakeIndex, 62, 64, 90 \newtheorem, 33, 43 \makeindex, 42, 43 \nocite, 60 \maketitle, 40, 43, 67, 71 \noindent, 7 in sample article, 68 \nonumber, 27 in sample poster, 84 \normalsize, 8 in sample presentation, 76 in sample poster, 81 in sample report, 72 \not, 17 math expression numbered lists, 10 displayed, 6 numerator, 19 unnumbered, 6, 17, 26 other symbols, 44 math font, 17 \overbrace, 26, 37 math functions, 17 overfull \hbox, 49 math styles, 34 \mathbb, 36, 65 packages, 4, 24, 36, 51 \mathbf, 25, 36 amsfonts ( ), 36, 51 AMS \mathcal, 25, 36 amsmath ( ), 24, 27–31, 37, 51, AMS \mathit, 25 88 \mathrm, 17, 32 availability, 51 \mathsf, 25 babel, 89 matrices, 22, 23 bm, 36, 51, 89 matrix environment ( ), 25 color, 89 AMS \mbox, 26, 29, 37 epstopdf, 51, 52 medium series type style, 8 geometry, 40, 51, 89 \medskip, 15 graphics, 89 message graphicx, 51, 52, 89 error, 46, 49 loading, 51 warning, 47, 49 makeidx, 51, 63, 90 100 INDEX

natbib, 90 \quad, 16, 28, 29, 33, 82 tcolorbox, 84 quotation marks, 45–46 textpos, 84, 90 quotes url, 60 double, 45 page break, 49 single, 45 page number suppression, 67, 82, 85 R, 36 page range in index, 63 rainforests, 64 \pagebreak, 49 range of pages in index, 63 \pageref, 13 \rangle ( ), 36 i readability breaking into lines, 7 in math mode, 20 end of, 7 of index commands, 62 parentheses, see braces of math formula, 21 pdf file, 2, 3, 51, 52, 63, 64, 88 of tex files, 7 pdflatex, 3, 52, 56, 57 recursion, see recursion, 65 percentage sign, 7 \ref, 6, 13, 26, 34, 41, 48, 49 period, 42 examples in sample article, 68 space after, 42 in sample report, 72 \phantom, 13–14, 24, 25, 66 references, 3 photographs \refname, 54 inputting, 52 \renewcommand, 33, 54 pictures report, 39–41 cropping, 53 sample, 71 inputting, 52–54 report document class, 71–73 trimming, 53 resources, 3–4, 87–90 pinpointing an error, 47 responding to an error message, 46 plots \right, 21, 23, 31 of functions \right., 31 inputting, 52 roman family type style, 8 pmatrix environment ( ), 25 root file, 42, 51 AMS png file, 52 rotate point (printing measurement), 8, 39 in graphics, 53 portrait option, 81 running LATEX, 2–3 PostScript file, 52 \pounds (£), 45 sans family style, 8 PracTEX Journal, 88 script style, 34 preamble, 5, 33, 36, 42, 43, 51, 63 scriptscript style, 34 previewing, 3, 64 \scriptscriptstyle, 22, 35 \printindex, 43, 63 \scriptsize, 8 pronouncing in sample poster, 81 LATEX, ix \scriptstyle, 22, 26, 35 pt, 8, 16, 39, 81 section heading, 41 Q, 36 number, 41 \qquad, 16 \section, 41, 43, 67, 71 INDEX 101

in sample article, 68 special characters, 5, 7, 15, 48 in sample poster, 85 printing, 7 in sample presentation, 75 spellcheckers, 2 in sample report, 72 \sqrt, 22 \section*, 41 square braces, 22, 32–34, 39, 40, 54 see square root (√ ), 22 in index, 63 \stackrel, 26 series, see type style \stop, 48 shape, see type style sty file, 51 \sideset ( ), 37 subentries AMS single quote character, 45 in \index, 62 size of type, changing, 8 subequations environment ( ), 30 AMS in math mode, 35 subscript, 19 in sample poster, 81 ambiguous, 48 skip commands, 15 double, 48 slanted shape type style, 8 script style (math), 34 slides document class, 39, 75 with brace, 21 \small, 8 with inf, 20 in sample poster, 81 with integral symbol, 20 type style, 8 with lim, 20 smallmatrix environment ( ), 25 with max, 20 AMS \smallskip, 15 with min, 20 smartphones, 2 with product symbol, 20 space, 7 with summation symbol, 20 \! (negative thin space), 19 with sup, 20 \, (thin space), 19, 38 \subsection, 41, 43 \: (medium space), 19 in sample article, 68 \; (thick space), 19 \subsection*, 41 after a period, 42 \substack ( ), 37 AMS between , 45 \subsubsection, 41 between sentences, 44 \subsubsection*, 41 blank, 44 superscript, 19, 20 following a command, 44 ambiguous, 48 hard, 41, 45 double, 48 horizontal, 16 script style (math), 34 in math mode, 19 with brace, 21 in \index, 62 with inf, 20 in math mode, 19, 20 with integral symbol, 20 intercolumn, 13 with lim, 20 interline, 7, 11 with max, 20 interword, 29, 42, 44 with min, 20 missing after a command, 48 with product symbol, 20 unbreakable, 33, 41, 45 with summation symbol, 20 units of length, 16 with sup, 20 vertical, 15–16 surd, 22 102 INDEX symbols \title, 40, 41, 43 Greek letters, 18 in sample article, 68 hats, 26 in sample poster, 84 math, 18 in sample presentation, 76 negated, 17 in sample report, 72 other, 44 title page, 40, 71 underlined, 26 toc file, 3, 42 \today, 40, 67 table environment, 11, 13, 14, 53, 64 troubleshooting, 46–49 \tableofcontents, 41 TUG (TEX Users Group), 87–88 tables, 1, 11–14 twocolumn, 40 format, 11 type size list of, 42 11pt, 8, 39 tablets, 2 12pt, 8, 39, 81 tabular environment, 11–14, 84 changing, 9, 81 TEX(\TeX), 1 math, 22, 35 tex file, 2, 7, 42, 46, 49, 51, 52, 63, 64, type style, 8–9 88 emphasized, 8 TEX Catalogue Online, 51, 87 family TEX Users Group (TUG), 87–88 roman, 8 TEXLive, 87 sans serif, 8 TEXShop editor, 3 typewriter, 8 \text ( ), 29, 37 series AMS text style, 34 boldface, 8 \textbf boldface series, 8 medium, 8 \textit italic shape, 8 shapes \textmd medium series, 8 italic, 8 \textrm roman family, 8 slanted, 8 \textsc small caps shape, 8 small caps, 8 \textsf sans serif family, 8 upright, 8 \textsl slanted shape, 8, 82 typewriter family style, 8 \textstyle, 35 \texttt typewriter family, 8 unbreakable space, 33, 41, 45 \textup upright shape, 8 \underbrace, 26, 37 TEXworks editor, 3 \underline, 26 \tfrac ( ), 35 underscore (_), 5 AMS \thanks, 40, 41 Unix/Linux systems, 87 thebibliography environment, 43, upright shape type style, 8 54, 55 url, see packages, url in sample article, 68 \url, 60 in sample report, 72 \usepackage, 36, 42, 43, 51, 52, 63 theorem, 33 in sample article, 68 \thispagestyle{empty}, 67, 71, 84 in sample poster, 82 tilde (hat), 26 in sample report, 72 \tiny, 8 . in sample poster, 81 \vdots (.),. 23–24 INDEX 103

\verb, 6, 7, 15, 63 \verbatim, 51 verbatim environment, 14, 64 verbatim output \verb, 7, 15, 63 vertical space, 15–16 \VERYHuge in sample poster, 81 \VeryHuge in sample poster, 81 \veryHuge in sample poster, 81 Vmatrix environment ( ), 25 AMS vmatrix environment ( ), 25 AMS \vspace, 16 \vspace*, 16 warning message, 47, 49 common, 49 Welshman bearded, 41 \widehat, 26 World Wide Web, see Internet wysiwyg, 2

Z, 36