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Szymon Datner German Nazi Crimes Against Jews Who
JEWISH HISTORICAL INSTITUTE BULLETIN NO. 75 (1970) SZYMON DATNER GERMAN NAZI CRIMES AGAINST JEWS WHO ESCAPED FROM THE GHETTOES “LEGAL” THREATS AND ORDINANCES REGARDING JEWS AND THE POLES WHO HELPED THEM Among other things, the “final solution of the Jewish question” required that Jews be prohibited from leaving the ghettoes they were living in—which typically were fenced off and under guard. The occupation authorities issued inhumane ordinances to that effect. In his ordinance of October 15, 1941, Hans Frank imposed draconian penalties on Jews who escaped from the ghettoes and on Poles who would help them escape or give them shelter: “§ 4b (1) Jews who leave their designated quarter without authorisation shall be punished by death. The same penalty shall apply to persons who knowingly shelter such Jews. (2) Those who instigate and aid and abet shall be punished with the same penalty as the perpetrator; acts attempted shall be punished as acts committed. A penalty of severe prison sentence or prison sentence may be imposed for minor offences. (3) Sentences shall be passed by special courts.” 1 In the reality of the General Government (GG), § 4b (3) was never applied to runaway Jews. They would be killed on capture or escorted to the nearest police, gendarmerie, Gestapo or Kripo station and, after being identified as Jews and tortured to give away those who helped or sheltered them, summarily executed. Many times the same fate befell Poles, too, particularly those living in remote settlements and woodlands. The cases of Poles who helped Jews, which were examined by special courts, raised doubts even among the judges of this infamous institution because the only penalty stipulated by law (death) was so draconian. -
Atrakcyjność Inwestycyjna Regionów 2010
CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND LOCAL ANALYSES REGIONAL INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS 2012 Lesser Poland voivodship Dr hab. Hanna Godlewska-Majkowska, Ph. D. university professor at the Warsaw School of Economics Agnieszka Komor, Ph.D. Patrycjusz Zarębski, Ph.D. Magdalena Typa, M.A. 2012 Warsaw, October 2012 Regional investment attractiveness 2012 Introduction This report has been prepared thanks to the application of results of scientific research conducted since 2002 by the Institute of Enterprise, Collegium of Business Administration of the Warsaw School of Economics, under the supervision of Prof. H. Godlewska-Majkowska, Ph.D. All Authors are core members of the team that develops the methodology of calculating regional investment attractiveness in order that important characteristics of regions are captured as closely as possible both in general terms and from a point of view of specificity of a given kind of business activity as well as a size of investment. Potential investment attractiveness (PAI) indices measure the location-specific advantages of regions. In their simplified version they are calculated for territorial units of various levels of statistical division of the country (gminas/communes, poviats/counties, subregions, voivodships/regions). These are PAI1 indices, which refer to the whole regional/national economy (PAI1_GN) and selected sections: C – manufacturing industry, G – trade and repair, I – tourism and catering, M – professional, scientific and technical services. Besides, some indices are only calculated for voidoships on the basis of much more characteristics available on the regional or macroregional level. This allows us to evaluate their investment attractiveness in a much broader context. These are PAI2 indices, which are calculated both from a general point of view and with reference to the above mentioned sections of the economy (PAI2_C, PAI2_G, PAI2_I, PAI2_M). -
M.P.Z.P. Gminy Lipnica Murowana
UCHWAŁA NR ...................... RADY GMINY LIPNICA MUROWANA z dnia ............................ w sprawie zmiany Miejscowego Planu Zagospodarowania Przestrzennego Gminy Lipnica Murowana Na podstawie: art. 18 ust. 2 pkt 5 ustawy z dnia 8 marca 1990 r. o samorządzie gminnym (tekst jednolity: Dz. U. z 2001 r. Nr 142 poz. 1591 z późn. zm.) oraz na podstawie art. 15, art. 16 ust. 1 i art. 20 ust. 1 ustawy z dnia 27 marca 2003 r. o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym (Dz. U. Nr 80 poz. 717 z późn. zm.) i art. 7 ust.1 ustawy z dnia 3 lutego 1995 r. o ochronie gruntów rolnych i leśnych (tekst jednolity: Dz. U. z 2004 r. Nr 121 poz. 1266 z późn. zm.), art. 4 ust. 1 i art. 13 pkt 2 ustawy z dnia 20 lipca 2000 r. o ogłaszaniu aktów normatywnych i niektórych innych aktów prawnych (tekst jednolity: Dz. U. z 2011 r. Nr 197 poz. 1172 z późn. zm.), po stwierdzeniu zgodności projektu zmiany „Miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego Gminy Lipnica Murowana” ze „Studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego Gminy Lipnica Murowana”, uchwalonego Uchwałą Nr IV/21/99 Rady Gminy Lipnica Murowana z dnia 18 stycznia 1999 r. – w granicach opracowania, Rada Gminy Lipnica Murowana uchwala co następuje: DZIAŁ I USTALENIA FORMALNO-PRAWNE ROZDZIAŁ 1 ZAKRES USTALEŃ PLANU § 1 1. Uchwala się zmianę „Miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego Gminy Lipnica Murowana”, zwaną dalej planem. 2. Plan obejmuje obszar Gminy Lipnica Murowana w granicach administracyjnych jednostek osadniczych, w tym następujących miejscowości: Lipnica Górna, Lipnica Dolna, Lipnica Murowana, Rajbrot, Borówna. 3. Treść niniejszej uchwały stanowi tekst planu. -
Lipnica Murowana Was Built in the 14Th Century on a Cruciform Plan
1. St. Andrew’s Church in Lipnica Murowana was built in the 14th century on a cruciform plan. The nave and the chancel form the longer part of the building. There are side chapels both on the right and left side halfway along the church, forming the arms of the cross. A sacristy was later added on the left side of the chancel, as viewed from the main entrance. The whole church building is 28 meters long. At the widest, that is across the side chapels, it is 20 meters wide. A 31-meter-high tower rises above the facade. The church is covered with a gable roof made of new ceramic tiles of brick-red colour. The walls are plastered and painted cream. The facade was built of irregular blocks of sandstone. The last renovation took place between 2009 and 2011. The frontal wall of the facade is supported with two massive buttresses. They are several meters high masonry elements that reinforce the sides of the building. Above the facade and the vestibule ascends a massive quadrilateral tower. It is plastered. There is a clock at the top of each of its walls. Light-coloured hands cruise around black dial plates with Roman numerals. Beneath the clocks, there are semicircular windows without panes. The facade features a window topped with a soft arch. It is filled with stained glass. Underneath the window is the main entrance. The stone arch-shaped portal is an original medieval element. The entrance is guarded by a black forged gate. The side chapel on the right has one window and a vestibule with a door. -
Palce Lizać Małopolska – Finger Licking Good
Elżbieta Tomczyk-Miczka Małopolska – palce lizać Małopolska – finger licking good Przewodnik kulinarny po regionie A Culinary Guidebook to the Małopolska Region Autor | Author: Elżbieta Tomczyk-Miczka Redakcja | Editorial Office: Aurelia Hołubowska, Patrycja Kita SPIS TREŚCI | TABLE OF CONTENTS Konsultacja merytoryczna | Factual Consultants: Krzysztof Bzowski Tłumaczenie | Translation: Dennis McEvoy Wprowadzenie 7 Introduction 7 Korekta | Proofreading: Monika Stachura, Grzegorz Techmański Fotografia na okładce | Photograph on the cover: Przysmaki małopolskie | Małopolska delicacies, fot. | photo. Elżbieta Tomczyk-Miczka 1. Krakowskie przysmaki z hejnałem na drogę 10 Fotografia autorki/Photograph of the author: Pierre Jasinski Kraków delicacies with the trumpet call along the way 13 Fotografie potraw/Photographs of the dishes: Pabis studio (Marek Pabis,Dominik Pabis) 2. Tajemnicze receptury z refektarza 20 Fotografie | Photographs: Janusz Gawron, Paweł Klimek, Krystian Miczka, Paweł Mierniczak, Agnieszka Moncznik, Maciej Pelc, Allesan- Secret recipes from the refectory 23 dro Spagna, Rafał Stachurski, Elżbieta Tomczyk-Miczka, Łukasz Zdebski, Archiwum Benedyktynów Tyniec, Archiwum Kolei Gondolowej Jaworzyna Krynicka, Archiwum Kopalni Soli w Wieliczce, Archiwum Małopolskiej Agencji Rozwoju Regionalnego, Archiwum Starostwa 3. W krainie owczego mleka 29 Powiatowego w Nowym Sączu, Archiwum Tarnowskiego Centrum Informacji, Archiwum Urzędu Miasta Tarnowa, Archiwum Urzędu Mia- In the land of sheep’s milk 32 sta w Zakopanem 4. Kuszące przepisy spod Diablaka 38 Fotografie archiwalne | Archival photograpfs: Archiwum Muzeum Etnograficznego w Krakowie (F. Frankowski, J. Krieger) Tempting recipes from beneath Diablak (Devil’s) Peak 40 Rysunki | illustrations: Ryszard Szokalski 5. Szlakiem papieskim, smakiem królewskim 47 Wykonanie map | The execution of maps: Paweł Zabagło, Archiwum Urzędu Marszałkowskiego Województwa Małopolskiego The Papal Route 49 Projekt graficzny | Design and layout: Konrad Rządowski 6. -
WK 57 Ver 15.Indd
57/2019 Redaktor Naczelny • Editor In Chief Rada Naukowa – Scientifi c Board Prof. dr hab. Kazimierz Kuśnierz Prof. dr hab. Jerzy Jasieńko Redaktorzy Tematyczni • Topical Editors Politechnika Wrocławska (Polska) – przewodniczący Dr Łukasz Bednarz Wrocław University of Technology (Poland) – chairman (konstrukcje murowane / masonry structures), Politechnika Wrocławska Prof. Maria Teresa Bartoli Prof. dr hab. Jerzy Jasieńko Uniwersytet we Florencji (Włochy) / University of Florence (Italy) (konstrukcja i konserwacja / constructions and conservation) Prof. Mario Docci Politechnika Wrocławska Uniwerstet Sapienza w Rzymie (Włochy) / Sapienza University in Rome (Italy) Dr hab. Hanna Kóčka-Krenz, prof. Prof. Wolfram Jaeger (archeologia / archaeology), Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza Uniwersytet w Dreźnie (Niemcy) / University of Dresden (Germany) Dr hab. Dominika Kuśnierz-Krupa, prof. Prof. dr hab. Andrzej Kadłuczka (urbanistyka, krajobraz kulturowy / urban planning, cultural landscape) Politechnika Krakowska (Polska) / Cracow University of Technology (Poland) Politechnika Krakowska Prof. Tatiana Kirova Prof. Andrzej Koss Politechnika w Turynie, Uniwersytet Uninettuno w Rzymie (Włochy) (konserwacja i restauracja dzieł sztuki Polytechnic University of Turin, University Uninettuno in Rome (Italy) conservation and restoration of works of art) Prof. Andrzej Koss Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Warszawie (Polska) Prof. dr hab. Czesław Miedziałowski Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw (Poland) (konstrukcja / constructions), -
Religion, Identity, Postsocialism
Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Department II Religion, Identity, Postsocialism The Halle Focus Group 2003 - 2010 Religion, Identity, Postsocialism The Halle Focus Group 2003-2010 Edited by Chris Hann Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Halle/Saale (Department II) 2010 CONTENTS Preface i Chris Hann I INTRODUCTION 1 Broken Chains and Moral Lazarets: the politicization, juridification and commodification of religion after socialism 3 Chris Hann II REGIONAL CLUSTERS 23 CENTRAL ASIA Religious Identities in the Ferghana Valley 27 Irene Hilgers Local Islam in Postsocialist Khorezm (Uzbekistan) 30 Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi Modern Murids: Islamic Revival in the North Caucasus 34 Galina Khizrieva Muslim Life in a Kyrgyz-Uzbek Town 37 Julie McBrien Religious Frontiers after Socialism: Missionary Encounters and the Dynamics of Conversion in Kyrgyzstan 41 Mathijs Pelkmans Becoming Muslim in Post-Soviet Uzbekistan: An Anthropology of Moral Reasoning 45 Johan Rasanayagam Moral Education, Islam and Being Muslim in Tajikistan 49 Manja Stephan EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE Nation, Religion and Tolerance in Eastern Europe 55 Juraj Buzalka Charismatic Christianity among the Roma in Romania 59 László Fosztó Moral Education in Romania and the Republic of Moldova 62 Monica Heintz Contents Re-orientalizing the Church: Charity and Morality in the Hungarian Greek Catholic Church 65 Stéphanie Mahieu Modes of Religiosity in Eastern Christianity: Religious Processes and Social Change in Ukraine 68 Vlad Naumescu Living Cosmopolitanism? Religious Revival and -
The Wooden Architecture Route As an Example of a Regional Tourism Product in Poland
sustainability Article The Wooden Architecture Route as an Example of a Regional Tourism Product in Poland Małgorzata Zdon-Korzeniowska * and Monika Noviello * Department of Entrepreneurship and Spatial Management, Institute of Geography, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 30-084 Cracow, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.Z.-K.); [email protected] (M.N.) Received: 12 July 2019; Accepted: 10 September 2019; Published: 19 September 2019 Abstract: In the modern economy, there is a significant increase in interest in tourism, both at the level of states, regions, communes and individual places. Tourism is seen primarily as an opportunity for economic development, but also for social development and activation of local communities. Well-managed tourism can become a way to preserve and protect the natural, cultural and historical heritage of specific places or regions by exploring and nurturing it. Heritage elements become, on the one hand, attractions around which unique tourism products are created, and on the other hand, a kind of distinguishing feature of a given place or region, based on which local communities build their identity and sense of belonging. The concept of creating regional tourism products could integrate these two factors, i.e., tourism and heritage. The article presents the concept of a regional tourist product on the example of the Wooden Architecture Route (case study). Keywords: heritage; heritage interpretation; Poland; regional development; sustainable tourism; tourism 1. Introduction Many countries identify in tourism an opportunity of socio-economic development. It is perceived as an effective tool within the policy of countries and regions to equalize the differences in their socio-economic development. -
Rozwój Przestrzenny Lipnicy Murowanej W Czasach Zaborów W Świetle Austriackich Map Wojskowych
NAUKA SCIENCE Mateusz Budziakowski* orcid.org/0000-0002-6258-7244 Rozwój przestrzenny Lipnicy Murowanej w czasach zaborów w świetle austriackich map wojskowych Spatial development of Lipnica Murowana during the partitions in light of Austrian military maps Słowa kluczowe: Lipnica Murowana, mapa Miega, Key words: Lipnica Murowana, Mieg’s map, kartografi a, historia urbanistyki cartography, history of urban design Materiały źródłowe dotyczące Lipnicy Murowanej The source materials concerning Lipnica Murowana wskazują rok 1326 jako datę lokacji miasta na prawie indicate the year 1326 as the date when the town was średzkim. Sama miejscowość jako wieś istniała dużo chartered according to the Środa Śląska law. Formerly wcześniej, z niej też wyłączono centralny obszar i prze- a village, it had existed much earlier; and its central kształcono w miasto o wyraźnym, do dziś zachowanym part was transformed into a town with clear medieval średniowiecznym układzie szachownicowym. Poza opi- chequerboard layout that has been preserved until today. sami z epoki nowożytnej, określającymi w sposób ogólny Besides descriptions from modern times, fairly gener- charakter rozplanowania miasta, nie są znane źródła mó- ally outlining the town planning concept, there are no wiące o kształcie Lipnicy w sensie przestrzennym (w za- known sources that would describe the spatial form of kresie dotychczasowych analiz układu urbanistycznego Lipnica (however, with regard to previous analyses of Lipnicy Murowanej należy jednak z pewnością wymienić the urban layout of Lipnica Murowana one must men- m.in. badania murów miejskich, przeprowadzone przez tion e.g. the study of the town walls carried out by W. W. Niewaldę1, rozpatrzenie rozwoju przestrzennego Niewalda1, the spatial development in Lesser Poland Małopolski wykonane przez F. -
“The Heritage of Lipnica Murowana” - a Thematic Walk
“The Heritage of Lipnica Murowana” - a Thematic Walk Introduction In our everyday life, not only do we seek a sense of security, but also a sense of belonging, which enables us to understand both our own selves and the surrounding reality of ‘here and now’. This is possible if we reach to the past, which surrounds us everywhere. It manifests itself not only through material objects, but also through stories, memories, everyday life routines, and rituals related to special events. Buildings are durable traces of the past, while immaterial resources constitute the binder that fills whole narrative with a content and anchors it in the present. Lipnica Murowana is a unique, although a small town in the centre of the Małopolska Region. Lying in the heart of Wiśnickie Foothills, it is a never ending treasury of cultural and tourist attractions. Situated in the Wiśnicz- Lipnica Landscape Park in the South East area of the Bochnia district, it is a special place not only for its inhabitants, but also for a broad circle of recipients, due to the abundance of traditions and world-class historical monuments. Hence, it is frequently referred to as the land of saints, monuments and Easter palms. In a moment, you will embark on a journey that will acquaint you with the heritage of Lipnica Murowana. You will learn the history of this place, but— first of all—the people who inhabit it, their stories, traditions and customs. During some stages of this journey, you will be accompanied by several specific persons who are particularly remembered by the citizens of Lipnica and who played an important role in the building of their identity. -
Stop Heritage Crime: Coins, Archaeological and Ethnographic Material” (Lillestrøm, January 2011); “Illicit Objects: Between Legal Framework and Practical Handling
StopStop hheritageeritage ccrimerime Good practices and recommendations The project „Legal and illicit trade with cultural heritage. Research and education platform of experience exchange in the fi eld of prevention from crime against cultural heritage” Warszawa 2011 StopStop hheritageeritage ccrimerime Good practices and recommendations The project „Legal and illicit trade with cultural heritage. Research and education platform of experience exchange in the fi eld of prevention from crime against cultural heritage” Warszawa 2011 Partners Supported by a grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Financial Mechanism and the Norwegian Financial Mechanism Publisher: ul. Szwoleżerów 9, 00-464 Warszawa 22 628 48 41, e-mail: [email protected] Project coordinator: Aleksandra Chabiera Technical coordinator: Michał Aniszewski Scientific editing: Liv Ramskjaer, Anne Nyhamar, Aleksandra Chabiera, Michał Aniszewski Proofreading: English Prep Graphic design: Direktpoint - Tomasz Świtała, Wojciech Rojek Printing and binding: Wydawnictwo Polskiego Związku Niewidomych Sp. z o.o Print run: 1000 egz. Illustrations: The National Heritage Board of Poland Archive, sxc.hu, shutterstock © Copyright by the National Heritage Board of Poland, Warsaw 2011 ISBN 978-83-931656-5-0 Table of content X Introductionuction 6 Overview 9 Sidsel Bleken – Legal and illicit trade in cultural heritage 11 11 Marianne Lehtimäki – Looting and illicit trade in cultural heritage – problems that cannot be solved by one state or one sector alone 13 13 Aleksandra Chabiera – -
UNESCO World Heritage Trail
UNESCO World Heritage Trail MAŁOPOLSKA 14 UNESCO World Heritage List sites 255 attractions on the Wooden Architecture Route Wadowice – town of birth of Pope John Paul II Salt mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia 9 spa resorts 6 national parks 6 geothermal pools Rafting down the Dunajec gorge 2600 km of bicycle trails 3360 km of mountain trails 65 ski stations www.visitmalopolska.pl fb.com/lubiemalopolske The project has been funded by Małopolska Region Rejkiawik IS MAŁOPOLSKA UNESCO MALOPOLSKA WORLD HERITAGE TRAIL Capital of the region: Kraków MAŁOPOLSKA Major cities: Tarnów, Nowy Sącz, Oświęcim UNESCO World Heritage Trail Surface area: 15,190 km2 (about 5% of the surface area of Poland) FIN Helsinki Population: 3.4 mil. (about 8% of the population of Poland) N Oslo S Sztokholm Tallin Landscape: EST RUS the tallest peak – Rysy: 2499 m asl he UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage Ryga LV List was created in 1972. As the name suggests, mountains – Tatras, Beskids, Pieniny, Gorce Dublin DK foothills – Carpathian Foothills IRL Kopenhaga LT its aim has been to protect the world’s historic Wilno GB RUS uplands – Kraków-Częstochowa Upland Mińsk sites and regions of outstanding value, signifi- NL lowlands – Vistula valley Londyn BY cantT not only from the historical, but also from the cul- Amsterdam Berlin Warszawa main rivers – Vistula, Dunajec, Poprad, Raba, Skawa, Biała Bruksela tural and environmental point of view. It is not easy to D PL water reservoirs – Czorsztyński, Rożnowski, Czchowski, Dobczycki, Klimkówka B Kijów be included on the prestigious UNESCO World Heritage L Praga KRAKÓW the highest located, cleanest lakes – Morskie Oko, Czarny Staw, the lakes of the Paryż Luksemburg UA List.