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Chapter 4 Study Guide

Section 4-1: The Virginia Colonies

Fill in the blanks:

1. The ______was a system in which English settlers in North America were given 50 acres of land and 50 additional acres for each additional person they brought to the colonies with them.

2. A ______was a type of company, like today’s corporations, in which investors share the costs and risks of a business venture, such as founding a colony in the Americas.

3. The ______was the first permanently English colony in North America.

4. ______are people who agree to work for a set period of time through an unbreakable contract, and in exchange received passage to the Americas, food, shelter, etc..

5. “Wealthy” farmers who operated large farms dedicated to the production of cash crops were known as ______.

6. A large farm dedicated to the production of cash crops is called a ______.

7. ______took control of the Jamestown colony in Virginia to prevent its failure and destruction. 8. ______was a Virginia planter who first exported tobacco to England for profit.

9. The ______was a group of Native American tribes near Jamestown, Virginia.

10. ______was the daughter of a Powhatan chief who married English planter John Rolfe as part of a peace treaty between the local Native Americans and the English at Jamestown.

11. ______was a Virginia planter who organized a rebellion against the colonial government in response to high taxes and a lack of representation in the colonial government.

12. The above rebellion was called ______.

Thoroughly answer the following questions:

13. (a) What were some of the reasons why people from England decided to establish the Jamestown colony in 1607? (b) Who or what type of company founded this colony? (c) Was it a success or failure and why? (a)

(b)

(c)

14. Provide examples of (a) cooperation and (b) conflict between the native Americans and Virginia colonists. (a)

(b) 15. (a) Why did the plantation system develop in Virginia? (b) What economic role did tobacco play? (c) What kind of labor was generally used in plantation agriculture and why? (a)

(b)

(c) Section 4-2: The Pilgrims’ Experience

Define the following terms by matching the word to its definition:

Fill in the blanks:

16. The ______was a religious group that wanted to “purify” and reform the Church of England.

17. A ______is a group of people with different religious beliefs from those of the larger group to which they belong.

18. ______are people who wish to split from a larger group due to differences in beliefs, culture, etc..

19. The ______were a group of Puritans escaping religious persecution in England that founded a colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.

20. ______are people that come to a new country or land from the land of their birth.

21. ______was the leader of the group mentioned in question 19.

22. The group mentioned in question 19 arrived in Massachusetts aboard a ship known as the ______.

23. The above group created a document known as the ______, establishing self- government in Massachusetts.

24. ______was a local Native American that taught the above group how to survive in the North American wilderness.

25. After establishing themselves in Massachusetts, the above group celebrated with a feast known today as ______.

Thoroughly answer the following questions:

26. (a) Why did the Puritans want to break away from the Church of England? (b) What did many do to gain the religious freedom they desired? (a)

(b)

27. Why is the Mayflower Compact significant? (a)

(b)

28. (a) Compared to the Virginia colony of Jamestown, were relations with the native Americans in the Plymouth colony more or less peaceful? (b) Why? (a)

(b)

29. Explain the importance of (a) family relations and (b) religion in the Plymouth colony. (a)

(b)

Section 4-3: The New England Colonies

Define the following terms by matching the word to its definition:

Fill in the blanks:

30. People who disagree with official opinions are often called ______.

31. The ______was a mass migration of thousands of English Puritans in search of religious freedom in the American colonies.

32. ______was the leader of the Puritans and the first governor of the Massachusetts bay colony.

33. A ______is defined as a sacred agreement between people or sometimes, people and a supreme being.

34. The King of England during the Great Migration was King ______.

35. The ______was considered the general government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

36. ______founded the colony of Connecticut and is sometimes called the “father of American democracy.”

37. The ______was the document that established greater democratic freedoms in Connecticut and was one of the first true constitutions in the colonies.

38. ______founded the colony of Rhode Island.

39. ______was an outspoken Massachusetts woman who angered Puritan leaders with “radical” ideas and was later exiled to Connecticut.

40. ______became infamous for its 17th century witch trials in which innocent women were executed.

Thoroughly answer the following questions:

41. Explain how religion and the Church influenced the (a) government and (b) daily life of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. (a)

(b)

42. (a) Explain why education was important to the Puritans of Massachusetts. (b) The establishment of what institutions indicated this? (a)

(b)

43. Explain the differences between the economies of the (a) New England and (b) Virginia colonies. (a)

(b)

44. What were some of the criticisms/issues that led to the formation of other colonies in New England such as (a) Connecticut and (b) Rhode Island? (a)

(b)

45. Explain the Salem Witch Trials.

Section 4-4: The Middle and Southern Colonies

Define the following terms by matching the word to its definition:

46. Cecilius Calvert_____ a. The “owners” of certain types of colonies 47. Proprietors_____ b. Man given right to found colony of Maryland 48. Toleration Act of 1649_____ c. Founder of the colony of Pennsylvania 49. Peter Stuyvesant_____ d. Founder of the colony of Georgia 50. Quakers_____ e. Law supporting religious toleration in Maryland 51. William Penn_____ f. Dutchman who took control of New 52. James Oglethorpe_____ Netherlands/New York g. Religious group that settled in Pennsylvania

Fill in the blanks:

46. ______was granted a royal charter to found and settle the colony of Maryland.

47. The “owners” of certain types of colonies, free to sell and distribute land and resources as they saw fit, were called ______.

48. Maryland passed the ______, a law supporting religious toleration and freedom in Maryland.

49. ______was a strict, almost dictator-like governor of New Netherlands (New York).

50. ______were a religious sect that settled in Pennsylvania.

51. ______was the leader of the above group, for whom the colony of Pennsylvania was named.

52. ______founded the colony of Georgia.

Thoroughly answer the following questions:

53. Explain the meaning of a proprietary colony. (a)

54. Which (a) middle and (b) southern colonies were founded based on religious toleration, and which groups settled in these colonies? (a)

(b)

55. Which (a) middle and (b) southern colonies were founded for economic reasons? Explain what kinds of economic activities took place in these colonies. (a)

(b)

56. Explain why Georgia was founded. (a)